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论文简爱文献综述

2023-03-10 17:40 来源:学术参考网 作者:未知

论文简爱文献综述

《简爱》的问世曾经轰动了十九世纪的文坛,它以一种不可抗拒的美感吸引了成千上万的读者,有一种抑制不住的冲动,驱使人拿起这本书,随之深深感动,心灵也为之震颤。

这是一部带有自转色彩的长篇小说,是英国十九世纪著名三姐妹作家之一的夏洛蒂*勃朗特所著。这是一本用自己的心与强烈的精神追求铸炼成的一本书,含着作者无限的情感和个性魅力,为女性赢得了一片灿烂的天空。

主人公简爱身材瘦小,相貌平凡,无金钱、无地位,却有着不平凡的气质和非常丰富的情感世界。她在生活的磨练中,抛弃了女性天生的懦弱与娇柔逐渐养成了坚强独立的个性。她不会在表兄残暴面前甘心被辱,而是据理力争。即使结果不尽人意,却始终如一没有低头;在魔鬼般冷酷的布洛克尔赫斯先生的折磨下,她不会表现出任何恐惧,而是从容的扛下来,独立坚强的活下来。读《简爱》,我为幼年的她所受到的虐待而悲愤,感同身受般的体会着简爱那幼小敏感的心灵所受的伤害。我也为简爱而倾倒。喜欢她在地位比她高的所谓上流社会人士面前表现出的那种不卑不亢的态度,喜欢她在面对爱时表现出的的那种自尊自强的精神,心中不禁感叹在距离她所处的年代进步了二百年的现代,又有几个女子有勇气为了自己的尊严而对一个心爱又富有的男子说不呢?简爱就可以!在她的身上时刻闪现着一种独立人格的壮美与崇高!

“你以为,就因为我穷,低微,不美,我就没有心,没有灵魂吗?我跟你一样有灵魂,也完全一样有一颗心。要是上帝也赐予我美貌和财富的话,我也会让你难以离开我,就像我现在难以离开你一样!”每次读《简爱》的时候,都会被这段话所震撼。正如爱德华所说的,简“如一只发疯的鸟儿拼命撕掉自己的羽毛。”这是一种强烈的自我释放,一种悲与爱交织起来的“支配一切、战胜一切、压倒一切”的力量。她在用自己的语言和行动表明:自己有权平等地追求一份属于自己的爱情。她不美、卑微,却以自己的独特气质吸引着所有的人。两性之间是平等的,女子必须有独立的人格,自尊自爱,不依附于其他人才可以赢得别人的尊重和热爱,才会有真正的幸福。爱情须以平等和互相独立作为基础,不是一味地接受对方的给予。假若简爱选择留下,甘心当个无名无分、近乎情妇的妻子,罗切斯特会像当初那样痴爱着她吗?他爱的是不卑不亢、自尊自重的简爱,不是一个躲在他怀中只懂得接受疼爱的女子!简爱是一代又一代的女性心中最平易近人的偶像,她不会难以靠近,她的影子飘散在我们的周围,以她为准则,大家都可以生活的自信坦荡,都可以沿着命运给予的线索找到自己真正的幸福所在。

而在当今的现实世界里,人们都疯狂的似乎为了金钱和地位而淹没爱情。在穷与富之间选择富,在爱与不爱之间选择不爱。很少有人会像简这样为爱情为个体的人格尊严抛弃所有,而且义无反顾。也许当人们穷得只剩下钱时,他们会去追求“真爱“。可被铜臭熏过的精神还配拥有真爱吗?也许到了化繁为简返朴归真的时候了。在追求物质生活的时候,应该在生活中灌注一些真情和温情,追求一份本真的温馨、和谐和宽容。让我们也追求全心付出的感觉,不计得失的简化的感情。纯净的像一杯水,缓缓地洒落人间。

从世俗的喧嚣浮华中脱离出来,静下心来细细地品读《简爱》吧,去和简爱的灵魂对话。简爱就是一个童话,她让我们相信,拥有了独立人格并可以自尊、自爱、自立、自信的女子,即使是一株野百合,也会有自己的骄傲,也会找到属于自己的永远的春天。

简爱的双重性格分析文献综述怎么写?

一、成长环境带来的自卑心理
简爱自小父母双亡,无依无靠的她跟着舅舅一起生活,但是舅舅照顾她没几天就离世了,而里德舅妈始终不喜欢简爱,不但对她恶语相向,还任由儿子对她进行欺凌。

在里德舅妈的家里,简爱不能发表自己的意见,还必须容忍表兄约翰对她的欺辱,否则她可能真的如约翰所说的“你本应是要饭的,不应该呆在这儿,跟我们这样上等人的孩子一起生活,吃一样的饭,穿着用妈妈的钱买来的衣服。”

在这样的环境下,简爱艰难求存,必须活得小心翼翼,她不但要应付里德舅妈的刁难,还要提防约翰的欺负和虐待。

对此,简爱在文中是这样自述的“他经常欺负和虐待我,根本不是一星期两三次或一天一两回,而是持续不断的,以致只要他一靠近我,我身上的每一根神经都紧张害怕,骨头上的每一块肌肉都胆怯得痉挛。”

长期生活在欺凌、虐待、缺乏关怀与爱的环境中,简爱的内心是缺乏安全感的,她心中充满恐惧、憎恨和绝望。

最终在约翰欺负她的时候,她喊出了那一句:“你这个凶残的坏家伙。你真是个监工头,就像那些罗马暴君!”

在这样的环境下成长,简爱承受了与年龄不相符的痛苦,也深深懂得这是个弱肉强食的社会,而这份不安感滋生了她性格当中的自卑感,使得她对这个世界有着本能的抵制与抗争。
那么,一个人有自卑的心理往往来源她的原生家庭,如果家人给予的关怀与爱不够多,那孩子自然会把原因归结到自己身上,认为是自己不够好,才得不到家人的疼爱。

关于自卑心理,心理学家阿尔弗雷德.阿德勒认为,自卑是人从婴幼儿时期,由于无力、无能和无知的状态,必须对父母和周围世界的依赖而引起的。
对于简爱来说,童年缺乏的关爱使得她对自身的认知不足,以至于她在桑菲尔德遇见英格拉姆小姐时,那种骨子深处的自卑感一直主宰着她的人生。即便是嫉妒,也无法超越内心的自卑感。

简爱始终认为自己是“孤苦无依,相貌平平的家庭女教师”,她认定“自己有些矮小,过于苍白,五官不端正”,“对于自己的容貌,我都会自生怜惜”,这种自我认知使得她认定自己配不上主人罗彻斯特。

如果简爱一直沉沦于在自卑的心理当中,那么她的命运将和大多数人一样随波逐流,在别人的安排下过完一生。但是,简爱的身上似乎有着另外一股力量,那就是不服输。

弗兰西斯.培根曾经说过:“无可否认的,外在的事件助成了大部分的命运,像恩宠、机会、别人的死亡、合时的优点等等;但一个人命运的塑造,主要在他自己手中。”

关于简爱的论文

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摘 要简爱是夏洛蒂•勃朗特根据自身经历而写的一部小说, 也是她的成名作。小说塑造的是一位坚强独立的女性,她追求真爱,平等,是女性的楷模。简爱是个孤儿,从小受尽凌辱,但从不为生活所屈服,她有...
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摘 要文化战略是帝国主义国家控制殖民地的一种方式,作为文化的产物,<<简.爱>>包含了帝国主义的各种因素。19世纪中期的英国,以前所未有的速度向外扩张,人们普遍沉醉于白色神话的迷梦中,而作为意识形态表...
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4、 (英语系毕业论文)我看简•爱的爱情
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5、 (英语系毕业论文)分析简•爱的美
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6、 (英语系毕业论文)《简•爱》的浪漫主义解读
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7、 (英语系毕业论文)从作者夏洛蒂·勃朗特看《简·爱》
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简爱性格分析 文献综述

  Edward Rochester called Jane his "faerie," his "elf," and accused her of "waiting for her people.... The men in green" the night she first encountered him. Indeed, in his adaptation of Jane Eyre he was not mistaken, for the entire production has a quality of magic about it.

  If any actor or actress could be said to be born to play a certain character, that adage must apply to Timothy Dalton and Zelah Clarke. The chemistry between them as the two stars of this lavish BBC production is nothing short of magical: their relationship is alive with passion and the fiery conflict of two tormented souls imprisoned by Fate and the morals of their time.

  The story is a classic one: Jane Eyre, an unloved orphan is sent to school, where she is educated in a strict, cruel manner, there growing to adulthood learning little of life in the world. When her only friend marries, Jane advertises, and is accepted as governess to the ward of rich, enigmatic Edward Fairfax Rochester. From their first meeting in Hay Lane, where Jane "bewitches" his horse, there is between them an unspoken bond of kinship that slowly blossoms into true love and devotion.

  After what appeared to be a brief engagement to the Honourable Miss Blanche Ingram, whom all the county expects him to marry, Rochester mysteriously calls off his marriage plans, and proposes to Jane, the only woman who is his equal - who could be his best earthly companion. At the altar, however, it is tragically revealed that Rochester already has a wife, still living: he is forced by this revelation to lead Jane, and those who would judge him harshly, back to Thornfield Hall, where he unhesitatingly and bitterly shows them the lunatic his father, without Edward's prior knowledge, arranged for him to marry.

  Realizing her position is now untenable, Jane flees, nearly dying of hunger and lack of shelter, before she is befriended by a clergyman and his two sisters. It is subsequently found that Jane is related to this family, as their mother was Jane's father's sister. When their uncle dies, leaving Jane his entire fortune, she divides it equally among the four of them, and prepares to lead a close and affectionate life within the small family unit.

  It is St. John Rivers, the clergyman, who unsettles Jane, by offering her marriage, and requesting her to accompany him to India, where he has decided to make a new life for himself as a missionary. Believing Mr. Rochester lost to her forever, Jane finally and reluctantly accepts his proposal, only to psychically hear Rochester's voice calling to her.

  Abandoning St. John, Jane rushes back to Thornfield Hall, where she discovers, to her great horror, it had burned nearly to the ground. The innkeeper, a former butler at the house, informs her that Rochester was nearly killed in the fire while unsuccessfully attempting to save the life of his lunatic wife, who, it was later learned, had set the blaze. While he did not die, Rochester lost his left hand and eye, the right eye being so badly inflamed as to render him almost totally blind.

  Jane hurries to Rochester, at a remote piece of property, where she discovers him broken down and dispirited, believing Jane to be forever lost to him, and suffering from the physical punishments God has inflicted upon him for trying to fly in the face of morality. They are reunited, and after he proposes again - now a man free to do so - they are married.

  This 239-minute production is incredibly faithful to the novel, differing in but few, minor points: it is practically stated in the movie that Rochester is the father of Adele, whom he refers to as his ward, while in the text, the question of fatherhood is left open; Adele's mother, a French opera dancer, is alluded to be his only mistress, while Bronte lists three; the passage in the Bible St. John reads before Jane tentatively accepts his proposal of marriage is different (and quite improved); then, most significantly, is Jane's end narration. Here she states, "Edward regained the sight of one eye just before our first child was born." In Charlotte Bronte's novel, the line is, "just before our first son was born." This sensitive change from "son" to "child" completes the love story, becoming the finishing touch which makes this production truly immortal, and all-inclusive.

  The supporting cast is excellent: the locations capture the feel of the early 1800's, drawing the viewer into the bleak, grim world of Lowood Institution, then into the splendor of Thornfield Hall. But the uniqueness of this Jane Eyre, that which sets it apart from any adaptation that went before or came after, are the performances of Dalton and Clarke. Despite the fact that she is not "plain," and he is handsome, the two actors lend their bodies and voices to the characters, making them real beyond a shadow of a doubt. Every moment they are on screen together is arresting, from their initial contact, to the end credits.

  Several scenes that stand out come to mind: Jane has just saved Rochester from being badly burned, most likely fatally, and tells him she must return to her room. He holds onto her hands; every time she attempts to pull away, he makes as though to let her, then reneges, finally compelling her to use the ploy of saying she hears the housekeeper stirring. One can readily imagine the resolve of Zelah Clarke's Jane melting, and Rochester never letting her go.

  There is a beautiful, poignant moment when Rochester first proposes to Jane by baring his soul to her, allowing her to look, not into his eyes, but into his soul, where he reveals not the worldly exterior and the miseries with which life has saddled him, but the true, pure being beneath. When she accepts him, they embrace: their magic and love are palpable. Here, indeed, are two kindred souls uniting. It is a moment of beauty rarely captured by any two actors, and causes the events that follow almost too tragic to bear.

  There is the delightful scene after Jane must ask for a leave of absence, and Dalton "gets the giggles" twice, the second time after accusing Jane of being "niggardly." It is a professional and magical moment, watching Clarke struggle to maintain a straight face as they continue, with Dalton grinning mischievously for most of the remainder of the scene. Again, when Rochester must confront Jane after his previous marriage has been exposed, the deep, abiding sadness of his youth, the moral depths to which he has fallen are heart-rending. Jane's refusal to go away with him (specifically chronicled in the book to emphasize the correctness of this decision) just barely holds up here, for you cannot believe Dalton's Rochester would eventually fall out of love with Jane for becoming his mistress, rather than his wife.

  Throughout the entire production, the viewer identifies with both the main characters, feeling their hopes, aspirations, confusion, jealousy, and eventually, their love. Had the movie not provided us with a happy ending (despite the Gothic penalty Rochester is forced to pay for attempting to break the rules of morality), viewers would be compelled to demand Dalton and Clarke reprise their roles for a re-shoot. Never were two characters meant more for each other; never have two actors captured these sentiments so beautifully and so sincerely.

  Thus, Jane Eyre is a classic story, enduring both as a novel, and as a film adaptation (or, in this case, video), presenting a rare instance of allowing the reader to lay down the novel and move from the printed word to vivid, arresting performances, or, in reverse, to go from this exquisite production to the book with no disappointments in either interpretation or content. If anything, the novel becomes more "visible," moving and unique, for now the reader will irrevocably see and hear Zelah Clarke and Timothy Dalton in their masterful and passionate living and breathing characters of Jane Eyre and Edward Rochester.
  读过<简爱>的人都知道,简其实是一个自卑感非常强的女子。她既无财又无色,从小还在一个缺乏爱的环境中孤独地长大。立身于那样势力的社会环境中,渺小如草芥。唯一属于简的是知识和独立的个性。但知识只不过为她换来糊口的面包,能让她最后摆脱心理困境的仍是她得到的那份遗产。当她终于用自已的倔强.骄傲和残忍把爱情逼入绝境,当罗彻斯特先生终于变得面目伤残,一贫如洗,她才能够用一种正常的心态来爱他。

  男人最大的财富是金钱,女人最大的财富是容貌,因此,自古以来,款哥泡小蜜,靓妞傍大款乃天经地义、顺理成章、门当户对、顺天而行,但是如果哪个武大郎偏要不自量力非要吃天鹅肉,那轻则家庭不和,重则真向武大郎一样被老婆和第三者合谋送上极乐世界,也是活该;同理,哪个丑女以为自己真的是灰姑娘,而要非王子不嫁,那么等待她的也多半是老姑娘的命运。因此,水晶鞋的故事只是个童话,谁都不会当真,但是,另一个灰姑娘的故事却不但被人当了真,甚至还成了妇女解放的典型,这个灰姑娘就是简爱。

  一个最没有财富的女人要找一个最有财富的男人,其困难可想而知,于是,为了达到自己伟大的爱情目标,简爱很聪明地在自己的上帝――夏洛特小姐的帮助下,对自己和自己的目标进行了一番改造,其内容基本如下:

  一, 首先,要征服男人的心。罗老板也许是山珍海味吃多了,简爱干脆以另一种面目出现,也许她并不是故意的:“我要让你离不开我,就象我离不开你”,这话攻守兼备,柔中带刚,这番铿锵有力的爱情宣言不仅打动了罗老板,甚至还打动了以后无数的小资女人,成为女性解放的传统表演项目,

  二, 其次,搞掉他的财产。你那么NB,不是就有点钱吗?很好,一场天知道怎么回事的大火,烧掉你几乎所有的财产,弄得你比我也强不了多少,至少你再不能凭你的几个臭钱在我面前摆谱,好了,现在比较平衡(注意:不是平等)了;

  三, 弄光你的钱还不够,你不是嫌俺丑吗?于是罗老板在大火中很不幸地加入了残联,成功地成为二等公民。弄瞎眼睛真的是个最好的结果,反正未来老婆长得不怎么漂亮,少看几眼也没什么损失,而且从此爱情还平添了几分浪漫,至少比断腿少胳膊要好得多。

  四, 你没几个钱了,可俺却有钱了。“三十年河东,三十年河西”,夏小姐让简爱突然钻出来一有钱的亲戚,留给她一笔不大不小的遗产,现在俺也是属于资产阶级了,简爱小姐在金钱的武装下底气足了不少,于是可以光明正大地衣锦荣归了。

  五, 你不要俺,有的是好男人要俺。夏小姐聪明地给简爱安排了一个立志献身上帝的表哥――圣约翰。维多利亚时代的英国人经常分不清爱情与宗教的区别,就象几十年前的中国人分不清爱情与政治的区别,连情书里都必以语录开头一样,这个选择在当时人的眼里比你那NB的罗老板好多了,你要不识货,自然有竞争者排着队在后面等着,看你着急不着急!

  六, 俺可不想回来,这都是上帝叫俺回来的。简爱离开罗老板一段时间后,她听到了来自远方深情的呼唤:“简、简、简!”据说同时罗老板也听到了回应:“俺来也、俺来也、俺来也!”这可是给足了简小姐面子:神灵在上,天作之合,违天不祥,机不可失,时不再来,简爱小姐于是顺理成章地荣归故里,得到爱情。

  其实我并没有调侃或者讥讽简爱或者夏洛特的意思,我只是觉得,简爱有限的挣扎实际上并不能是所谓的妇女解放,如果真是这样的话,女同胞早就解放了。简爱与罗切斯特最后的结合,实际上是建立在双方地位的改变(一方上升,一方下降)而带来的平衡上。所谓人格的平等,在人类社会永远是一个可望而不可及的梦。

  原来,在爱情上,平等是那么难

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