科技的论文范文
导语：科技论文文本结构由标题、作者、摘要、关键词、前言、材料与方法、结果、讨论、结论、等部分组成。下面我带来了科技的论文范文，希望有所帮助！
【摘要】
随着新技术日新月异，科技创新越来越受到重视。如何抓住新一轮科技的战略机遇，充分发挥科技情报在科技创新中的支撑作用，更好地服务于科技创新是科技情报机构面临的重要课题。文章分析了科技情报和科技创新的关系，浅析科技情报工作对科技创新的作用，并在此基础上提出了科技情报服务科技创新发展的思路。
【关键词】
科技情报，科技创新
创新驱动发展，强调科技创新是提高社会生产里和综合国力的战略支撑，必须摆在国家发展全局的核心位置，这标志着我国科技工作进入新的发展阶段。作为国家科技创新体系中重要组成部分的科技情报工作，在面对新形式、新任务发展的要求时，如何抓住机遇，利用自身优势更好地服务于科技创新，对科技情报工作提出了更高的要求。
1科技情报与科技创新的关系
科技情报是指通过公开渠道和合法手段获得的信息进行分析而得到的`知识，其功能是为战略决策和战术选择提供信息支撑服务，主要应用于科技管理、科学研究、技术创新和企业经营等社会发展各领域，是科学技术转换为现实生产力的重要环节，在国家科技进步与创新中起着基础性作用。
科技创新离不开科技情报。科技创新可以用三个解决来诠释其重大意义，科技创新是解决结构不合理和增长方式粗放等国民经济重大瓶颈难题的必然战略选择，是解决关键技术受制于人难题的战略安排，是解决提升国家竞争力难题的重大部署。创新是一种新探索，这就决定了它的不可预测性和风险性，而降低风险、减少损失的一个重要因素就是要获取及时、全面、准确的科技情报。
在当今这个信息过载而情报稀缺的时代，信息资源开发利用的程度、使信息变为有价值的情报的能力，已成为区域竞争力提高的决定性因素。科技情报工作在科技创新中的支撑和引导作用越来越凸显，谁占有情报资源，谁就掌握主动权，谁就能抢占科技竞争的制高点。充分发挥科技情报工作对科技创新的基础性作用，必将在更大程度上和更广范围内产生影响。
2科技情报工作对科技创新的作用
科技情报是科研活动过程中不可或缺的资源和财富，是进行科学预测、科学决策和科学活动的基础和前提。科技情报对科技创新的作用体现在以下几个方面。
（1）科技情报保障科技创新信息需求。一流的科学研究需要一流的科技信息支撑，科技创新与发展离不开高水平、高效率的信息服务。随着大数据时代的到来，人们获取信息的途径发生了根本性变化，但海量信息与信息的无序化令人无所适从。而科技情报工作正是通过对纷繁复杂的信息进行搜集、加工、整理为科学研究提供准确而全面的信息，因而它有效保障科技创新对信息资源的需求。
（2）科技情报指引科技创新方向。科技检索查新、科技评估等业务工作无一不为科技创新与发展指引方向。利用科技查新与检索，不但可以降低创新风险，防止低水平重复建设，减少人力、物力、财力的浪费和损失，而且通过查新能掌握竞争对手的核心技术研发动态、专利战略和市场行为动态，把握全球科技发展动态，预测未来科技发展方向，引导科研人员发现科技发展的热点领域和空白领域，引领科技创新。因而充分利用科技情报和占有科技情报，就能做到站在巨人的肩膀上发展，取得真正高质量的创新性科研成果。
（3）科技情报支撑科技创新战略决策。科技情报调研等基础工作是最能体现科技情报研究所的“研究”业务，这项业务主要应用情报学理论与方法揭示研究对象的发展规律与发展态势，预测研究对象的未来前景，从而为科技创新战略决策以及为领导者、管理者正确决策、科学决策提供依据和论证。同时科技情报工作者也担负着直接参与咨询决策和间接辅助决策的双重角色，既能为科技创新会诊把脉，指引创新方向，又能为加强宏观科技决策和管理建言献策，因而无论是对科技人员创造性的开展工作、启迪思维来说，还是对政府部门制定战略决策和企业创新发展决策来讲都离不开情报工作的支撑。
3科技情报服务科技创新的思路
“科技创新，情报先行”是创新体系赋予情报工作的特殊使命。实施创新驱动发展战略，迫切需要广大科技情报工作者紧紧抓住“自主创新”这个核心和关键，找准突破口，才能充分发挥科技情报工作支撑和服务科技创新驱动发展的作用。
（1）以实现科技资源共享为目的，强化协同创新能力。科技资源的开放共享已成为时代的主题，也是国家科技创新体系建设的重要任务。因此要按照“整合、共享、服务、创新”的要求，打破行业信息壁垒，全面整合现有科技创新服务平台、重点实验室和科研院所等的科技资源，打造科技资源共享的绿色通道，才能形成协同创新的整体合力。
（2）以科技条件平台建设为切入点，搭建创新服务桥梁。科技条件平台是国家创新体系重要组成部分，是服务于全社会科技进步与技术创新的基础支撑体系，也是科技情报服务工作开展的基础和实现工作目标的关键因素，意义重大。因此既要按照科学性、系统性、实用性、前瞻性相结合的原则完善科技条件平台建设，搭建协同创新服务桥梁，又要探索建立支撑行业、产业发展的特色平台和各平台有效对接的运行机制和管理体系，切实做好平台建设的统筹与协调工作，不断提高服务能力和水平，才能形成支撑科技创新发展的优势。
（3）以信息分析、数据处理应用为切入点，提升创新服务能力。大数据时代的到来，巨量信息成为信息化时代最为宝贵的资源，然而由于大数据的复杂性和多样性前所未有，致使传统情报研究方法和处理技术与之不相适应。因此要应用云技术等新一代信息技术，积极研究开发互联、智能的信息服务系统，加强数据和信息的集成，加快数字分析处理，使其更及时、更准确地服务于国家决策、企业创新乃至个人生活，从而不断提升科技创新服务能力。
4结语
实施创新驱动发展战略是国家在新形势下的重大战略抉择，从根本上赋予了科技创新在科学发展中的历史责任和重大使命。科技情报工作作为创新体系建设的重要组成部分，在支撑创新驱动发展战略中，必须找准定位，选准突破口，才能充分发挥其作用。
参考文献：
[1]胡景荣.科技情报的创新服务体系建设与思考.科技管理研究,2010(12).
[2]佟贺丰.创新驱动情报先行.学习时报,2013.
[3黄斌.从现代科技发展看科技创新与科技情报工作.江苏科技信息,2012,3
Agriculture
Technologies
900 Million Farmers in China
The history of reform and opening up has witnessed three calls for the development of rural markets. 900 million farmers constitute the world's largest group of consumers and have created the biggest business opportunity in China.
In the face of the dual competitive pressure posed to China by the hi-tech advantage of the developed countries and the price advantage resulted from the currency devaluation in surrounding countries, China has clearly indicated: From the long-term point of view, while actively exploring international markets, it is essential to actively develop the domestic market, particularly the rural market. This is a strategic choice in conformity with China's national conditions.
The rural market is the most dynamic, practical pivotal point in expanding domestic demands and boosting economic growth. Inadequate effective demand has become the greatest hindrance to China's current economic development. In the series of macro-control measures to be adopted in the second half of this year, exploring the rural market is regarded as "a rope for capturing the tiger". Experts' estimation indicates: Every 100 billion yuan worth of final consumption realized in rural areas will generate 235.6 billion yuan worth of consumption demand for the entire national economy.
It is also a brand-new starting-point in the readjustment of economic structure and the readjustment of product mix. Today, the buyer's market has penetrated to every corner of China's economy. Of the 900-odd important industrial products, the utilization rate of over half of the production capacity is less than 50 percent, structural readjustment is thus imminent.
In the effort to successfully open up the rural market, industrial enterprises must produce commodities geared to rural demands; and commercial enterprises must skillfully build smooth and swift marketing channels.
There are many difficulties confronting the effort to explore rural markets. Reasons for this are many. For example, some local governments have inadequate understanding of the importance and urgency of exploring rural markets, fear difficulty and lack confidence in accomplishing this task; quite a number of industrial and commercial enterprises still harbor the concept of "valuing cities while belittling the countryside", this is manifested in the fact that the product mix is incompatible with the rural market demand, the variety of commodities on sale is single and farmers find it inconvenient to buy.
In fact, the rural market has enormous potential and there are many favorable conditions for developing the rural market. So long as industrial and commercial enterprises really attach importance to the rural market, carefully study farmers' demands, exert great efforts to do a good job in the work of exploring the rural market well, they can definitely achieve the anticipated results.
Industrial enterprises stress production of commodities geared to market needs, while commercial enterprises emphasize smooth and fast marketing channels.
Efforts should be made to develop new sales methods, such as chain-store, agency and distribution center and to establish various forms of sales networks wherein industry and commerce, commerce and commerce, town and country, state-owned commerce and individually-run and privately-run commerce join hands. Chinese business people will have ample scope for their abilities in rural markets.
The key to success in exploring rural markets lies in increasing farmers' income. It is necessary to open up the rural consumer goods market to allow farmers to buy things; and it is also necessary to first open up the rural agricultural produce market, so that farmers' purses will be bulging
Farmers' income is stepping into the period of a new round of growth at reduced rate.
Slow increase in farmers' income is the greatest factor thwarting efforts to explore rural markets. When farmers' purses are not so bulging, increase in actual consumption demand will be slow. To increase farmers' income is, in essence, to enhance the rural economy's adaptability to the socialist market economy. In the opinions of authoritative persons, it is essential to get hold of two links: one is "what to grow". Farmers have to grow farm crops easy to yield added value.
To do so, it is necessary to readjust and optimize the agricultural structure, develop high-efficiency and high-value-added characteristic agriculture. Second is "how to sell the produce". To increase farmers' income, it is essential to solve the problem concerning ties between the farmer and the market, farmers should be enabled to smoothly enter the big, ever-changing market. This requires development of industrial management of agriculture, and cultivation of a wholesale market system, intermediary service system and information service system.
Cultivating a wholesale trading market system by making use of the advantages of tradition, regional location, resources and industry is an important aspect in invigorating the flow of agricultural produce and industrial products. This has been proved by the experience of many localities.
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China May Hold Future of Food Technology
By Dennis Avery
Senior fellow and Director, Center for Global Food Issues at the Hudson Institute
Is it possible the First World will give China a virtual monopoly in agricultural biotechnology, destined to be one of the most valuable technologies of the 21st century?
Have the United States and Europe thrown away billions of dollars in agriculture-related biotech earnings and hundreds of thousands of clean, high-tech research and support jobs?
The United States and Europe have spent billions of dollars doing basic research in genetically modified crops and animals to make foods that are better-tasting, more nutritious and kinder to the environment.
Will China now step in and charge the United States and Europe steep royalties for the right to grow the new organisms that result from this research?
Those are all strong possibilities, in the wake of the environmental group Greenpeace's stunningly swift and successful campaign to ban genetically modified foods and crops.
First World investors were afraid to be caught in another controversy like tobacco, or another set of baseless class-action lawsuits like the controversy over silicone breast implants.
They've bailed out on agricultural biotechnology long before governments dared act. To duck the controversy, Monsanto's orphaned agricultural biotech unit will be dumped into a hostile stock market along with its multibillion-dollar laboratories and patents.
Ditto for the big agricultural biotech units of Europe's Novartis and Zeneca. Look for layoffs from all three. And don't expect the laid-off scientists to land jobs at public research institutions.
The publicly funded research labs will be even more gun-shy of agricultural biotechnology now than the private sector. The erstwhile scientists will have to lay aside their doctorates and start new careers.
A lucky few may find jobs in human medical biotech, which the environmental movement has not attacked yet. This has nothing to do with risks to people or the environment. Despite media hype, no real dangers related to biotech foods have ever been documented.
But Greenpeace seems to want a smaller, poorer human population, so they're willing to frighten the world back into the scientific Dark Ages. The one thing certain is genetic engineering in food production will not disappear.
When the astronomer Galileo published his proofs in 1632 that the Earth revolved around the sun, the Catholic Church put him under house arrest. The church had declared the Earth the center of the universe. But people could never look at the sun in quite the same way again. They had new knowledge.
The First World may be so comfortable it can afford to pass up biotech foods. But the Third World is still struggling to provide adequate diets for its growing population.
For the developing world, the choices are stark. The can either use biotechnology to raise yields, grow more low-yield crops by clearing tropical forests or import food from the West. Given those choices, biotech foods look awfully attractive.
Most Third World countries are too small or poor to advance agricultural biotechnology on their own. Countries like Brazil and Argentina could assemble the scientific resources but they're afraid of losing their export sales to nervous European and Japanese consumers.
India might like to develop high-yielding biotech crops to ease its cropland shortage, but its own prickly activists are still arguing over hybrid seeds. They're likely to hamstring Indian biotech into the near foreseeable future.
China is the one country in the world with the scientific power to carry biotechnology forward in agriculture, the urgent need for massive amounts of additional food and feed and no need to allow unfounded food scares to be published in its newspapers.
China already has over 1 million farmers growing genetically modified cotton, corn and soybeans because of lower costs. Anyone who doubts China's ability to carry forward good science is ignoring the country's fabulous history and its recent ballistic missile tests.
"Golden rice" by itself may be enough to secure genetically engineered foods' reputation among Chinese consumers. Asian women are at high risk of birth complications because of iron deficiency due to the phytate in the rice they eat.
Golden rice counteracts the phytate and provides ample dietary iron. It also contains plenty of Vitamin A, also lacking in many rice-culture diets.
The International Rice Research Institute is already breeding golden rice genes into popular rice varieties for the people of Asia and Africa. Is Greenpeace callous enough to try to frighten poor rice-culture consumers away from golden rice and back to childhood blindness?
Using biotechnology, China should be able to produce highly attractive foods, such as healthier fats for cooking, allergy-free nuts, more tender steaks and, at last, a tasty off-season tomato.
Every vitamin and mineral needed by the human body could be engineered into our foods, saving consumers billions of dollars in food supplements.
When First World consumers find out about such goodies, China can export them or charge farmers in other countries a fee to grow them.
The biotech crops will also feature sharply higher yields, especially on marginal farmlands where drought and acid soils currently limit production. Greenpeace should cheer this, since it will directly help save Asian tropical forests.
First World farmers will lose a significant part of their export potential, of course, if Third World farmers can produce higher yields and more desirable specialty foods through biotechnology. At the moment, that seems to be the price they pay for farming in a rich, overfed country.
科技小论文
范文1：树干为什么是圆的
在观察大自然的过程中我偶然发现，树干的形态都近似圆的——空圆锥状。树干为什么是圆锥状的?圆锥状树干有哪些好处?为了探索这些问题，我进行了更深入的观察、分析研究。
在辅导老师的帮助下，我查阅了有关资料，了解到植物的茎有支持植物体、运输水分和其他养分的作用。树木的茎主要由维管束构成。茎的支持作用主要由木质部木纤维承担，虽然木本植物的茎会逐年加粗，但是在一定时间范围内，茎的木纤维数量是一定的，也就是树木茎的横截面面积一定。接着，我们围绕树干横截面面积一定，假设树干横截面长成不同形状，设计试验，探索树干呈圆锥状的原因和优点。
经过实验，我们发现：(1)横截面积和长度一定时，三棱柱状物体纵向支持力最大，横向承受力最小；圆柱状物体纵向支持力不如三棱柱状物体，但横向承受力最大；(2)等质量不同形状的树干，矮个圆锥体形树干承受风力最大；(3)风是一种自然现象，影响着树木横截面的形状和树木生长的高矮。近似圆锥状的树干，重心低，加上庞大根系和大地连在一起，重心降得更低，稳度更大；(4)树干横截面呈圆形，可以减少损伤，具有更强的机械强度，能经受住风的袭击。同时，受风力的影响，树干各处的弯曲程度相似，不管风力来自哪个方向，树干承受的阻力大小相似，树干不易受到破坏。
以上的实验反映了自然规律、自然界给我们启示：(1)横截面呈三角形的柱状物体，具有最大纵向支持力，其形态可用于建筑方面，例如角钢等；(2)横截面是圆形的圆状物体，具有最大的横向承受力，类似形态的建筑材料随处可见，如电视塔、电线杆等。
在我的观察、试验和分析过程中，逐渐解释、揭示了树干呈圆锥状的奥秘，增长了知识，把学到的知识联系实际加以应用，既巩固了学到的知识，又提高了学习的兴趣，还初步学会了科学观察和分析方法。
范文2：皮鞋为什么越擦越亮
每到星期天，我总要完成妈妈交给我的擦鞋任务。告诉你，这可是我一星期零花钱的来源哦!拿到沾满灰尘的皮鞋后，我先把鞋面的灰尘擦掉，然后涂上鞋油，仔仔细细地擦一擦，皮鞋就会变得又亮又好看了。可这是为什么呢
我找了同样牌子同样款式的新旧两双皮鞋进行对比观察。我先用手触摸两双皮鞋的鞋面，发现新皮鞋的表面比旧皮鞋的表面光滑得多。旧皮鞋涂上鞋油，仔细擦过后，虽然亮了许多，但仍无法与新皮鞋相比。皮鞋的亮度是否与鞋面的光滑程度有关呢?
我取来一双没擦过的旧皮鞋，在放大镜下鞋面显得凹凸不平的。然后，我再在皮鞋上圈出两块表面都比较粗造的A区和B区，A区涂上鞋油并仔细擦拭，B区不涂鞋油作空白对照。我发现A区擦拭后，表面明显变光滑了许多，而且放在阳光下也比B区有光泽。为什么两者会产生这样的差别呢?
我想到在物理课上老师曾经讲过：影剧院墙壁的表面是凹凸不平的，这样可以使声音大部分被吸收掉，让观众不受回声的干扰。同样道理，光线照到任何物体的表面都会产生反射，假如这个平面是高低不平的，光线就会向四面八方散射掉；假如这个平面是光滑的，那么我们就可以在一定的方向上看到反射光。
皮鞋的表面原来就不是绝对的光滑，如果是旧皮鞋，它的表面当然更加的不平，这样它就不能使光线在一定的方向上产生反射，所以看上去没有什么光泽。而鞋油中有一些小颗粒，擦鞋的时候这些小颗粒正好可以填入皮鞋表面的凹坑中。如果再用布擦一擦，让鞋油涂得更均匀些，就会使皮鞋的表面变得光滑、平整，反射光线的能力也加强了。
通过实验，我终于知道了皮鞋越擦越亮的秘密啦!
范文3：醋对花卉有什么影响
醋是生活中常用的调味品，花卉则能净化生态环境，并美化我们的生活。
你是否想到过，醋和花卉有什么关系呢?我们怀着好奇心，开展了这个课题的探究。据富有种花经验的人告诉我们，对盆栽花卉施些醋溶液，可改善盆花的生长，增加花朵，而且花艳叶茂。这一点我们在实验中很快就证实了。
浓度不同的醋溶液，对花卉有不同的影响吗?这是我们第二阶段的实验。我们选取长势相同的满天星、报春花、月亮花各四盆，分为四组，每组（三盆）各有三种花卉，分别编号、贴上标签。同时，我们取食用白醋配制成1％（pH值为2~3）、0．01％（pH值≈4）、0．0001％(pH值≈6)三种浓度不同的溶液，每天分别给三组盆花固定喷洒一种醋液，第四组盆花洒不含醋的清水。每五天观察记录花卉的生长情况。
这项实验的结果是：喷洒低浓度醋液(pH值≈6)对这几种花卉没有明显影响；喷洒中等浓度醋液（pH值≈4）的花卉明显长得比其他几组好，花苞多，开花期提前，而且花色较浓艳，花期也延长了；喷洒pH值2－3的高浓度醋液后，反而使花朵过早凋萎。
通过这次实验，我们可以告诉你：种花时适当喷洒一些醋液，可使花卉长得更好。不过要掌握好醋液的浓度，醋酸过浓则会伤害花卉。
