文降重的问题一直是广大毕业生写作论文过程中一个令人头疼的问题，不过困难总比方法多，降重方法主要包括翻译法，同义词替换法等等，另外还可以使用论文修改的工具软件
要花钱地 偶也无奈帮不了你呀 还是绑架耶稣他妈妈要挟吧
电子商务是利用现代信息网络进行商务活动的一种先进手段,作为...论文首先全面而系统地研究构建一个电子商务网站所必备的各种知识与技术手段,接着从构建一个电子商务应用系统—网上书店
随着计算机科学的发展，数据库技术在Internet中的应用越来越广泛，为广大网络用户提供了更加周到和人性化的服务。个性化已逐渐成为当今Web应用的潮流。本文研究了一种基于数据关联规则网上书店系统，此方案与现今网上已采用的一些方案相比，具有用户使用更简单、界面更直观等优点。网上书店在我国刚起步，但发展很快。随着我国互联网的更加普及和网上书店的更趋成熟，会有越来越大的消费群体，市场潜力会得到充分发挥。<BR>ASP是一种优秀的电子商务开发程序语言，因为其编辑简便、功能全面的特点，被广泛应用于电子商务网站的编辑制作、企业管理系统的开发等项目中。尤其是在电子商务网站的建设中，ASP扮演着动态网页缔造者的重要角色。<BR>Dreamweaver_MX集多种网页开发功能于一身，可以轻松、系统地完成几乎所有网页技术的编辑。它具有美观的操作界面及强大的编辑功能，在Dreamweaver_MX中编辑ASP，可以很方便地应用各种辅助项目，实时测试编辑完成的动态网页，设计出功能完善的动态网页。<BR>Microsoft Access是一种关系式数据库，关系式数据库由一系列表组成，表又由一系列行和列组成，每一行是一个记录，每一列是一个字段，每个字段有一个字段名，字段名在一个表中不能重复。是一种易于使用,配置简单的数据库。<BR>本文中的网上书店系统，结合ASP、Access与Dreamweaver_MX共同开发而成，具有用户使用更简单、界面更直观等优点，设计并实现用户管理、书籍管理、订单管理、购物结帐等功能。</P><P>【关键词】网上书店 数据库，ASP <BR>Abstract</P><P>With the development of computer science, database technology of the Internet is widely used, for the majority of network users with a more thoughtful and humane services. Personalized has gradually become the trend of Web applications. In this paper, based on a data association rules online bookstore system with the current program has been used in online programs, the user is simpler, more intuitive interface advantages. Online Bookstore in China has just started, it developed very rapidly. With the Internet become more popular and online bookstores have become more mature, there will be growing consumer group, market potential will be fully realized.<BR>ASP is an outstanding e-business development programming language, as its editor is simple, fully functional characteristics, has been widely used in e-commerce web site editing, and enterprise management systems development projects. Especially in the e-commerce site building, the ASP dynamic website plays an important role in the founding fathers. <BR>Dreamweaver_MX multi web development in a functional, easy, System completed almost all website technology editor. It has beautiful interface and powerful editing function, Edit the Dreamweaver_MX ASP, it is easy to use various kinds of projects, Real-time editing is complete testing of dynamic website design functions of dynamic website. <BR>Microsoft Access is a database-type relationship, relationship database table consists of a series of components, Table also consists of a series of rows and columns formed, each trip is a record for each out of a field, each field is a field name, field names in a table can not be repeated. Is an easy-to-use, simple configuration database. <BR>In this paper, the online bookstore, combined with ASP, Access and Dreamweaver_MX from joint development with a more user-simple, more intuitive interface advantages, such as design and implement user management, book management, order management, to billing and other functions.
《网路书店关系行销结合方式对顾客忠诚度影响之研究》 资讯科技的进步使网路成为了崭新的通路，也使虚拟通路蓬勃发展。 资讯科技的进步使网路成为了崭新的通路，也使虚拟通路蓬勃发展。 在网路的发展下，关系行销是否也能在网路的虚拟通路上发挥它的作用，再度成为企业销售的利器？ 在网路的发展下，关系行销是否也能在网路的虚拟通路上发挥它的作用，再度成为企业销售的利器？ 亦或是关系行销的概念已无法在网路时代中应用？ 亦或是关系行销的概念已无法在网路时代中应用？ 奠基於此，本研究期盼以研究网路书店关系行销的应用，以及网路书店之关系行销在顾客忠诚上的实践是否有其正向相关性，藉以了解虚拟通路之关系行销的策略方向与可行性。 奠基于此，本研究期盼以研究网路书店关系行销的应用，以及网路书店之关系行销在顾客忠诚上的实践是否有其正向相关性，借以了解虚拟通路之关系行销的策略方向与可行性。 本研究发现，网路书店在执行关系行销的策略时，在运用社交性与结构性结合方式时，对於消费者忠诚度的提升，有明显的帮助。 本研究发现，网路书店在执行关系行销的策略时，在运用社交性与结构性结合方式时，对于消费者忠诚度的提升，有明显的帮助。 三大结合方式中，结构性结合对於消费者忠诚度的提升有最大的效益。 三大结合方式中，结构性结合对于消费者忠诚度的提升有最大的效益。
Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies
1 Introduction
The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.
Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).
DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.
My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.
The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.
A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.
The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.
In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.
2 Outline
2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS
In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.
2.2 Methodolgy
I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.
2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories
A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.
2.4 Case study
In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.
2.5 Conclusion
Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.
(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)
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附录2- 引文范例(仅供参考)
“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)
‘“噢，这就是恐水病吧？你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦？真够呛的！费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧！”’（张南峰，1990：59-60）
附录3- 参考文献范例(仅供参考)
Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation – Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.
Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.
Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.
张南峰（译）. 王尔德戏剧选. 福州：海峡文艺出版社，1990.
戴炜栋. 构建具有中国特色的英语教学“一条龙”体系，外语教学与研究，2001（5）.
附录4- 封面范例(仅供参考)（中文）
对外经济贸易大学硕士学位论文
论品牌名称翻译的特殊性
专 业：
研究方向：
作 者：
导 师：
写作时间： —
对外经济贸易大学
英语学院
（英文）
School of International Studies
University of International Business and Economics
Pragmatic Strategies
in Advertising: Implicatures
Wang Ying
A thesis submitted to School of International Studies of
University of International Business and Economics
In partial fulfillment of the requirement
For the degree of Master of Arts
April 2002
Beijing, China
