有很多的同学在写英语作文的时候,也会写一些经典的议论文,我整理了相关范文,希望会对大家有所帮助!
英语作文范文带中文翻译
Many years ago, the movie about the youth became very popular, every year, we can see many hot movies about the protagonist’s passed youth. People like to recall their passed youth, which makes such movies sell good. But I find the common things about these movies, all the protagonists’ youth are about fighting, love and other negative things. I understand the directors’ intention, they want to tell people youth is not perfect and having pities. Of course movie is exaggerating, the real youth is about studying, at least, most people have worked so hard to get into their ideal colleges. What the movies describe make up some people’s youth, for which they don’t have the chance to experience. We should not be misled by these movies, for the teenagers, their job is to study, so that they can have a bright future.
【翻译】很多年以前,关于青春的电影很受欢迎,此后每年,我们都可以看到很多热门电影是关于主人公逝去的青春。人们喜欢回忆他们逝去的青春,这才是让这类电影好卖的原因。但是我发现了这些电影的共同点,那就是所有的主人公的青春都是关于大家,恋爱和其他消极的东西。我明白导演们的意图,他们想要告诉人们青春是不完美的,存在遗憾。当然电影是夸张化的,真正的青春是关于学习,至少,大部分人是如此努力的学习,为了进入理想的大学。电影所刻画的弥补了一些人的青春,对于他们没有机会去体验这些东西。我们不应该被电影误导,对于青少年来说,他们的工作是学习,这样他们才能有一个美好的未来。
高中英语作文范文80词
I like English. I think I can share my English learning method with you. First of all, develop interest on English. My way to make it is to watch movies from abroad. At first, I will watch the movie with subtitle. Then I will remove the subtitle, only English left. Gradually, show great interest in English. Secondly, recite vocabularies. Vocabulary is the necessary foundation to start learn English. This time you have to force yourself to remember words. Thirdly, understand basic grammar thoroughly. It is hard for me to understand the meaning of a sentence if I don’t know the basic grammar. Last but not least is to speak more. The basic purpose to learn a language is to communicate. So talk in English as much as you can. And don’t worry about losing face, because everyone makes mistakes. Those are my methods.
我喜欢英语。我觉得我可以和你分享一下我的英语学习方法。首先,培养对英语的兴趣。我的方法是看国外电影。一开始,我会留着字幕一起看。之后我就会不看字幕,只留英文。渐渐地,我对英语表现出极大的兴趣。其次,背诵词汇。词汇是学习英语的必要根基。这一点你只能强迫自己去背了。第三,完全理解基本语法。如果我不懂基本语法,我会很难理解一整个句子的意思。最后但并非最不重要的是要多说。学习语言的基本目的就是进行沟通。因此,尽可能多的用英语交谈。不要担心丢脸,因为每个人都会犯错误的。这些就是我的方法。
英语作文100词左右带翻译——珍惜时间
Chinese Spring Festival celebrating the end of winter and the warmth of spring. It began in the last day of the lunar year, end in the 15th day of lunar New Year, also is the Lantern Festival. During the Spring Festival, people use red lantern and Spring Festival couplets decorate a house, put on all kinds of colored clothes, often
An English proverb says that time is money. I consider it (this) wrong. Why? Because we all know that we can earn money be work but can not in any way get back time (in anyway). For this reason, we may (can) say that time is more valuable than money.
Many people do not know the value of time. It (this) is indeed a great pity. We must bear (keep) in mind that wasting time is equal to wasting your life.
【翻译】英国有句谚语说,时间就是金钱。我认为这是不对的。为什么?因为我们大家都知道我们能够用工作赚钱,但无论如何却无法把时间争取回来。基于此种理由,我们可以说时间比钱钱更宝贵。
许多人不知爱惜时光。这确实是可惜的。我们必须记住浪费时间等于浪费生命。
下面是我整理的高中英语 议论文 范文 ,欢迎大家阅读!
高中英语议论文范文:The Olympic Games
The Olympic Games, first held in 776BC, has a history of more than one thousand years. The modern Games is held every four years. Many countries try their best to bid for hosting the Olympic Games. And every country does its best to get more medals in the Games.
There are five rings on the Olympic flag, which are considered to symbolize the five continents: Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania and America. The Olympic motto is: "Swifter, higher, stronger." The Games can promote the understanding and friendship among different peoples and different nations.
高中英语议论文范文:Internet Changes Life
Internet Changes Life
Globally, we have moved from a culture centered on network television, cable, AM and FM radio and telephone into a digital society with mass media,streaming information, intelligent computer.To shift to a digital economy, best demonstrated by the explosive growth of the Internet, is transforming everyday products and practices.Ideas expressed in soft wares, chips, communication systems, financial institutions and mass media have enormous leverage worldwide.Beyond emails and online shopping, the Internet promises to change dramatically huge spectrum activities.Its benefits can be well illustrated in the following aspects.
在全球范围内,我们已经从一个 文化 中心为网络电视,有线电视,AM和FM收音机,电话的社会进入到以大众媒体,信息流,智能计算机的数字社会。转变 成数字经济,最明显体现在互联网的爆增,它正在改变日常产品和实践。思想体现在软件,芯片,通信系统,金融机构和大众媒体拥有巨大的全球影响力上。除了电 子邮件和网上购物,互联网还承诺大改光谱活动。它的好处可以在以下几个方面说明。
In the first place, it contributes to escape us from laborious work, save our time, facilitate our lives.Secondly, with computer’s extensive reach into every corner of the world, a perspective of human life can be shown only with a single keystroke.No matter where we are, in school, business workshops, operating rooms, labs, banks of halls of government, the Internet appears to reflect a perspective of human life.Furthermore, computer profits us by relaxation and entertainment it provides.
首先,它有助于我们摆脱费力的工作,节省时间,方便了我们的生活。其次,计算机的广泛延伸到世界的每个角落,只需一个单一的按键就可以透视人类生 活。不管我们在哪里,在学校,企业车间,手术室,实验室,银行政府大厅,因特网似乎都可以反映人类生活。此外,电脑不仅提供放松和娱乐还有利润。
But on the other hand, some people debate that it is also inconvenient, waste the time, isolated us from people, and make our lives more complicated.Some people repair the most sophisticated computer but can’t mend a pair of socks.Yet in fact, computer collapse the distances and demolishes all boundaries.Whether computer is a blessing or a curse, depends on
高中英语议论文范文:My View on Mistakes
Mistakes are something done, said, or believed, as a result of wrong thinking or understanding, lack of knowledge or skills. No one is perfect, and no one never makes any mistakes.
Because many people are afraid of making mistakes, they don't believe, say or do much. They behave like this just because they want to make no mistake. As I said, it's impossible, Being afraid of making mistakes is a mistake itself.Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress. Making mistakes for pursuing truth is much better than doing nothing. Failure is the mother of success. Many scientists may make a great number of mistakes before they make any discovery. If we humans didn't make mistakes, we would make no progress and still live a primitive life.
Mistakes are the best teachers who guide us through difficulties. Don't let mistakes scare you. Let's learn from mistakes.
高中英语议论文范文:自律不容易
When people are in the public, they have the sense that they should not speak loudly in the public place and they should not jump the line and so on, these are rules for them, though it is not the law makes it, but the power of morality. Self-behave seems easy to do, but when the great temptation comes, self-behave will be changed quickly.
当人们身处公共场所的时候,他们意识到不应该在公共场合大声说话和不应该插队等等,这些是规则,虽然法律没有规定,但是这是道德的力量。自律看起来很容易做到,但是面对巨大的诱惑时,自律很快就会被打破。
It has been reported that in Hong Kong, a police car which was loaded with crash attracted many people to grab the money when the crash slipped down from the police car. It was such crazy, the money should be handed to the band, while on its way to the bank, people grabbed some and then left quickly. Two days later, the police found back most of the money, some people who refused to return the money were caught into the prison.
据报道,在香港,一辆装载着钱的警车,当现金从警车上滑下来的时候,吸引了很多人去抢。这是多么疯狂啊,钱本应该上交到银行,然而在运去银行的途中,人们拿走了一些,然后快速离开。两天以后,警察找回了大部分的钱,一些拒绝还钱的人被抓到,并坐牢。
Self-behave is not easy, people are easy to obey the public rules on the small issues, while when the great temptation comes, these rules are easy to be broken. The one who can refuse to the great temptation can say he is totally self-behave.
自律不容易,人们很容易遵守关于小事的公共规则,然而当面临巨大诱惑的时候,这些规则很容易就会被打破。谁能拒绝大诱惑,谁就能说他是完全的自律。
高中英语议论文范文:
Nowadays, we can see some boys and girls who live in a small world of their own. They bury themselves among books and are proud of themselves. They think that it will make them lose their face if they do housework for they often think themselves very noble.
These young people are wrong. In my opinion every student should have a knowledge of housework. After all, they will have a family of their own, and they should do their part in keeping a good home. Boys should also learn to do housework, for what will they do if they remain single? Though not all boys remain single, yet they will be very helpful in the family if they know some housework. Anyhow they will not lose anything, but, on the contrary, they will gain something useful.
For what I said above, we can find some examples of our fellow-students studying abroad. All young men do housework as girls do. Someone would argue that we can employ servants. This is true. However, what shall we do if the servant leaves us and all things are left to ourselves? We just cannot leave our clothes as they are and let worms and ants eat them up. And what can we do it we go and study in a foreign country where servants are out our means to employ?
We must work for ourselves. Why not start to learn to do housework now or else it will be too late?Everyone should learn to do housework. What do you think about my idea?
随着人类社会的快速发展,英语在不同国家的地理环境里和社会政治、经济、 文化 影响下发展状况自然不尽相同甚至产生了很大的变化。下文是我为大家整理的关于本科英文论文的 范文 ,欢迎大家阅读参考!
本科英文论文篇1
浅谈英汉文化差异和习语翻译
摘 要:一个民族的语言和文化相互依存、密不可分, 而习语作为语言精华更是承载了极其丰富的文化内涵,充满了人类文化活动痕迹,沉积了浓厚的民族文化。因为自然环境、历史渊源、宗教、文化、风俗民情等方面的差异,习语也就承载了不同的民族文化特色和文化信息,所以英汉习语的翻译常常会遇到许多困难。译者应遵循一定的翻译原则,找到适当的翻译 方法 ,保留原有独特味道,又使读者明确其表达意义。
关键词:文化 习语 差异 翻译方法
习语与本民族的社会风俗、历史和文化一脉相连。一个民族的价值观念、传统观念、 思维方式 都得以在其习语中反映出来。英汉两种语言历史悠长久远,其中更是包含了大量习语,它们活灵活现,典雅含蓄给人不同感受。然而不了解语言中的社会文化,就无法真正掌握语言,更不用说准确翻译。
一、习语的含义及来源
1.1习语的含义
习语是语言在使用过程中形成的独特而固定的表达方式。习语是固定的惯用 短语 ,包括 成语 、俗语、 谚语 等。习语即是语言中重要修辞手段,同时他们本身也是各种修辞手段的集中体现。习语大多以比喻为衬托,具有鲜明的形象性和浓重的民族色彩,其寓意丰富,联想翩翩,经常用在文艺作品中,在政论 文章 中与常见到。
1.2习语的来历
首先,自然环境影响着民族文化的形成和发展。我们的祖先居住在亚洲东北部北温带,平原辽阔,气候温和,逐渐形成自给自足的农业经济,并且相信人和自然能够和谐相处,因此与土地和农业有关的习语也就很多。如Every potter praises his pot. 指“王婆卖瓜,自卖自夸”、 “ 大雪 兆丰年”、 “苗要好,虫除早”等。而英国因为是个岛国,其渔业和航海业有着举足轻重的地位,但常年受天气影响。大量自然有关的习语便形成了。如in deep water 比喻“陷入困境”; spend money like water 比喻“花钱如流水”; to miss the boat 比喻“错失良机”。
其次,习语源自寓言、神话 传说 。古希腊传说和 故事 对英语有着深远影响,许多习语源于其中并得以广泛使用。如希腊寓言中kill the goose to get the eggs,讲述一个乡下人,急于发财杀死了一只能够下金蛋的鹅,认为这样就能一次获得想象中全部金子,最终一无所获;十七世纪英国因为没有排水口,一旦下起暴雨来街道就会水流成河,许多无家可归的流浪猫狗因为淹死而漂浮在水中,居民以为这些尸体是从天而降,从此to rain cats and dogs 就表示“下倾盆大雨”。
再次,文学作品与历史 典故 也是产生习语重要来源之一。“刻舟求剑”出自《吕氏春秋?察今》。Talk of the devil and he comes. “说曹操,曹操就到”出自中国古典名著《三国演义》。再如be seized with imaginary fears表示“风声鹤唳”。Life is but an empty dream. “人生如梦”,源于美国诗人Longfellow的诗文。The Heel of Achilles直译是“阿基里斯的脚踵”,常用来表示“致命弱点”。
最后,宗教亦是习语的重要来源之一。Don’t you see the writing on the wall? 难道你没有看出大难临头了吗?其中writing on the wall意为“不详之兆”,出自《旧约全书》。
二、英汉习语文化差异
2.1风俗习惯差异
在中国人传统观念中,狗是一种卑微的动物。常常用来比喻恶行,含有贬义。如“狗仗人势”、“狼心狗肺”、“狗嘴里吐不出象牙”等,如lead a dog’s life表示“过着猪狗不如的生活”。在西方英语国家中,则常常视狗为伴侣,认为狗是忠实、聪敏的象征,常用狗比喻人的行为。如love me, love my dog“爱屋及乌”;You are a lucky dog.“你是一个幸运儿”; Every dog has his day.“凡人皆有得意日”;as faithful as a dog用来表示“忠诚”。
自古以来,龙在中国人心中就是象征着吉祥的一种瑞兽,古代多以龙代表天子以及权威。在汉语习语中龙一般表示褒义。如“望子成龙”、“龙腾虎跃”、“龙凤呈祥”、“乘龙快婿”等。但是在西方神话中的“dragon”,多是一种长着翅膀和利爪,拖着一根长长的蛇尾,带着满身鳞片并口吐烈火的猛兽。西方人认为龙凶残暴虐,让人感觉恐怖,多用来形容凶悍的人,含有贬义。
由于习惯不同,不同颜色在中英文中便有了不同的文化内涵。比如红色,在中国人的传统观念中,红色象征着温暖、喜庆、吉利,过年的时候会贴红 对联 、送红包,而对别人表示祝福的习语有“红红火火”、“走红运”。但在英语国家中,红色多和灾难、激进、暴力、危险、流血等坏事联系在一起,如on red alert就表示“处于紧急戒备状态”;catch someone red-handed原意指抓到杀人凶手的时候罪犯手上还带有血迹,现比喻“做坏事被当场抓住”。
2.2宗教信仰差异
宗教是人类思想文化组成的重要部分,宗教习语中往往带有浓厚的宗教文化特色。中国人信奉佛教和道教,而英语国家多数信奉____。这使得习语在汉英文化中有着各自的色彩。在汉语中与佛教有关的习语有很多,如“三生有幸”、“ 放下屠刀,立地成佛”、“一尘不染”、“临时抱佛脚”、“六根清净”等等。道教中的习语有:“一人得道鸡犬升天”、 “福兮祸所伏,祸兮福所倚”、“ 道高一尺,魔高一丈”、“灵丹妙药”等。《圣经》在基督____有重要地位,因此大量习语都与之有关。例如Judas kiss“犹大之吻”;eye for eye, tooth for tooth “牙还牙,以眼还眼”,出自《旧约?出埃及记》;make bricks without straw形容“根本做不到的事”;ask for bread and be given a stone直译为想要面包,反而给石头,比喻“得非所求”。God在西方人的心中无所不能,与其有关的习语也有很多。如God helps those who help themselves.“天助自助者”; God sends fortune to fools.“傻人有傻福”; God damn you.则表示诅咒一个人。
死亡对于人类是个可怕又神秘的字眼,为了消除人类对死亡的焦虑和恐惧,各宗教都对死亡作出了解释,对死后的世界进行了描述。中国的佛教称其为“圆寂”、“归真”、“成佛”、“坐化”等等。道教追求得道成仙,对于死亡的描述有如“仙逝”、“羽化”、“得道”、“回光返照”等。____中认为人是上帝用泥照自己的样子捏出来的,有to return to dust/earth一说,意思是人最终会回归尘土,用以来表达死亡。to be called to God“应上帝之召”。再如to join the angelic choirs“与天使同在”都是以一种积极的态度来表示死亡。
2.3自然环境差异
中西方地理环境迥异,中英文中便存在着大量与地理环境有关的习语。英国地处西半球,中国地处东半球,对于风的态度他们与中国人不同,我们所说的eastwind“东风”是温暖的春风,然而在英国eastwind是寒冷的风,让人感到不舒服,因此biting eastwind就指“刺骨东风”。对英国人来说west wind才是春天里温暖而又和煦的风,英国诗人雪莱就著有闻名世界的Ode to the West Wind《西风颂》。在中国热对于东风还有不同喻意。如All is ready except for the east wind.“万事俱备只欠东风”。
英国是一个岛国,因此其渔业十分发达,英语中与航海有关的习语数不胜数。如:a drop in the ocean“沧海一粟”、keep one’s head above water“奋力图存” 、in deep water“陷入严重困境”、 as weak as water “弱不禁风”。中国土地广袤肥沃,多名山大川,与农业和山有关的习语有很多。如“开门见山”、 “留得青山在,不愁没柴烧”、“瑞雪兆丰年”、“捡了芝麻,丢了西瓜”等。
因为地域不同,语言就会存在明显差异。汉语中有“不到长城非好汉”、“有眼不识泰山”、“不到黄河心不死”等。英语则有All roads lead to Rome.“条条大路通罗马”、Take a French leave.“不辞而别”、Carry Coals to Newcastle.直译为把煤送到纽卡斯尔,因为纽卡斯尔盛产煤,因此喻意为“多此一举”等等。
2.4历史典故差异
中英两个国家都有着悠久历史和深厚文化积淀,两种语言中有着大量由历史典故而来的习语。如英文中swang song“绝唱”;castle in the air“空中楼阁”源于神话传说;a Pandora’s box“潘多拉之盒”; cat’s paw源自《伊索寓言》比喻“受人愚弄的人”; meet one’s waterloo源自拿破仑滑铁卢兵败,比喻“一败涂地”。汉语中有 “名落孙山”、“ 完璧归赵” 、“四面楚歌”、“拔苗助长”、 “卧薪尝胆”等等。
三、英汉习语互译主要方法
3.1直译法
英语中有些习语和汉语的表达方法完全或基本相同,这个时候照译即可。如as easy as turning one’s hand“易如反掌”; as busy as a bee“像蜜蜂一样忙”; Love money as one love one’s life.“爱财如命”; sharpen one’s spear only before going into battle“临阵磨枪”; New wine in old bottles.“旧瓶装新酒”; draw water in a bamboo basket“竹篮打水一场空”; The cat weeps over the mouse.“猫哭耗子”; a stone dropped into the sea“石沉大海”;golden age “黄金时代”; as clear as crystal直译为“清澈如水晶”; as proud as a peacock “像孔雀一样骄傲”。
3.2意译法
由于文化差异有些习语不能够直译,读者对其原本形象不够了解,这个时候可保留原文意思而丢弃其原文形象和修辞,避开原有文化背景,采用意译法。例如,to volunteer one’s service“毛遂自荐”; A fish out of water.“很不自在”; You can’t achieve the goal without a risk.“不入虎穴,焉得虎子”; in a frantic rush“手忙脚乱”; run the source of supply “涸泽而渔”; trust to chance and stroke of luck“守株待兔”; keep one’s nose down to the grindstone“埋头苦干”; what is done cannot be undone“覆水难收”。
3.3增补法
有时根据读者需要,翻译时为了使译文更加明确易懂,文字更加通达,会结合上下文需要和原文内涵,增添原文字面上本没有但是意思上包含的词汇。例如,a bull in a china shop“公牛闯进瓷器店──肆意捣乱/一动就闯祸”; to shed crocodile tears“流鳄鱼眼泪──假慈悲”; Judas kiss “犹大之吻,背叛行为”; 盲人瞎马“A blind man on a blind horse―rushing headlong to disaster.”; preparation may quicken the process “磨刀不误砍柴工”。 Pandora’s box“潘多拉的盒子,灾难根源”。
四、结束语
总而言之,习语被人们频繁地使用,它生动形象,是一个民族语言的精华。习语有着本民族的文化色彩,传达本族文化信息,不同民族文化有一定文化差异,因此习语的翻译比较困难。但是根据不同方法,灵活处理形式和内容的关系就可使译文再现原文之美,更好促进文化交流和传播文化知识,帮助人类沟通思想感情。
参考文献:
[1]方楚之.英汉翻译基础教程[J].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2005.
[2]宋天锡.翻译新概念:英汉互译实用教程[J].北京:国防工业出版社,2005.
[3]刘重德.英汉语比较与翻译[J].青岛出版社,1988.
[4]王德军等.实用英汉翻译教程[J].北京:国防工业出版社,2007.
本科英文论文篇2
美国英语与英国英语差异浅析
【摘要】 “英国英语”在美国特有的地理环境里受美国历史文化的影响,随着国家的兴盛发达和其在国际社会中政治地位的迅速提高渐渐产生地区性的变异,形成了“美国英语”。两者在不同国家的地理环境里和社会政治、经济、文化长期影响下,发展状况自然不尽相同、甚至产生了很大的差异。
【关键词】 美国英语 英国 英语 差异
美国独立300多年后的今天,很多美国人(包括那些根本没有英国人血统的)仍把英国英语当作自己的母语――事实上,英国英语确可称为一切英语的基础;但随着人类社会的快速发展,英语在不同国家的地理环境里和社会政治、经济、文化影响下发展状况自然不尽相同甚至产生了很大的变化。因此,英美国英语虽然同根但它们分别在一个历史较短而又较开放的多民族移民国家和一个有着1500多年的相对闭塞的岛国发展了约400年后自然会产生或多或少的不同。总的说来,美国英语简单适用,同时词意丰富具有幽默感和独创性;英国英语纯正、规范。两者具体差别体现在以下几个方面:
(一)语法方面
美国英语起源于17世纪已进入早期现代英语的英国英语,当代语法在那时已趋稳定。近400年来美国英语与英国英语虽因隔着大西洋而各自在水一方,但由于语法属于语言内在要素,基本上不受外在的自然地理、社会环境变化的影响,语音的语法体系也就不会在短时期内产生多大的差异;另一方面,现代化的交通工具和传播工具为英美两地人民之间的沟通交流创造了可能,使两者之间少许的语法差异逐渐淡化。因而准确地说,英美国英语在语法上并不存在本质差异,只是一些语法形式在两者的使用中频率有高低之分,并无明显规律。常见情况如下:1. 在动词使用上,英美两地人在使用动词have时会出现少许不同。美国人说:Do you have a pen ? 而英国人往往说:Have you got a pen? 还有一些动词,如burn,dream, learn, smell, spell, spill 和spoil的过去式、过去分词形式在美国英语中都是规则的,而在英国英语中这些动词更常被用作不规则动词;与此同时,也有些动词如fit,quit,wet,dive等在英国英语中都是规则的,而在美国英语中这些动词更常被用作不规则动词。此外,must 一词在美国英语中都可用于肯定的推测,但 must not 表否定推测只见于美国英语且不可缩写成must’t 而英国人一般用can’t或 can not;又如used to, dare, need 既可作实义动词也可用作情态动词,但美国人喜欢把它们用作实义动词,英国人却更愿意把它们用作助动词。2. 在代词使用上,英国人用one’s而美国人有时用his 指代不同性别。
(二)词汇方面
提到英美国英语词汇差异,不同的人对此认识差别很大。其实,英美国英语既然属于同一语言,它们用于表示与人们生活密切相关的基本词汇当然是相同的,英美国英语并不存在各自独立的词汇系统。尽管如此,这两者由于所服务的对象不同而产生的差异自然而然地体现在了语言的基本组成单位――词汇上。其中差异主要表现在同词异义,同义异词和特有词三种形式上:如,表达同样的意思“人行道”美国人用sidewalk 而英国人却用pavement; 有时,同一单词或词组在英美国英语意义却大相径庭,如 wash up 美国人取“洗手”之义而英国人用它表达“洗碟子”的意思。独有词属一国特有词汇,它用于表现一个国家社会政治、生活、文化等鲜明特征。既然英美两国已各自独立发展了近400年,它们的语言自然会带上其政治、经济、文化、生活的烙印。如filibuster 一词只在美语中使用,用来指美国国会中的故意拖延议事现象。
(三)拼写方面
美国人注重实效。在他们看来语言既然是为人类服务的交际工具就应该便于人们使用,因此在美国英语的发展过程中在拼写方面也出现过类似我国简化汉字的运动以求得拼写形式与发音相一致,从而使他们所使用的语言比原先更简单也更实用。这项运动取得一定程度的成功使得美语中一些单词中不发音的某些字母被删除,这也正是造成英美国英语拼写差异的最重要的原因之一。这个差异归纳起来主要有以下几种:1. 在美国英语中词尾为l但不是重读音节的动词分词形式不双写l,如travel, signal, dial, equal等,而在英国英语中却并非如此。2. 许多在美国英语中以ze结尾的动词如realize, organize, analyze, civilize, memorize, recognize等在英国英语却往往被拼作se. 3. 还有几组在美国英语中拼写形式被根据发音规则简化了的常见单词,如本以our结尾的单词labour, favour, honour, colour, 在美国英语中都简化成了以or 结尾;原先拼作centre, theatre的单词在美国英语中也被变了形,成了音形一致的拼法er. 4. 更有简化得更彻底的一些单词如catalogue, dialogue, analogue, gramme, programme, kilogramme等在美国英语都被去掉了不发音的字母成了 catalog, dialog, analog, gram, program,kilogram.
(四)发音方面
英国语言学家P.strevens曾在其书中指出英美国英语上的发音差异要比两者之间的语法差异有规律得多。这就是等于告诉我们:英美国英语之间的最大的差别在于发音。美国英语发音具有不同于英国英语的两大特点:一是在vast, cast, last, laugh 一类词中英国英语发的/a:/音美国人却发成/ ?/;二是在英国英语中元音后的r不发音而在美国英语中只要拼写中出现字母r 就发音,这也正是卷舌音“ r ”能成为美音最为明显的特征的原因。这两个发音特点正好体现了美国英语守旧的一面,因为它们真实地再现了伊利莎白时代这两类词的发音。概括地说,美国英语发音的一个最基本的特点也是优点就是发音与拼写的高度一致性,也正因为这个原因,越来越多的 英语学习 者更愿意接受美国英语。
参考文献
[1] 侯维瑞.英国英语和美国英语.1990年7月.
[2] 英语的发展和英美语的比较.1995年1月.
[3] R.穆斯曼.美国背景 (Background to the USA).世界图书出版社(北京);1995,2.
[4] R.穆斯曼.英语国家背景(Background to English-speakingcountries ).世界图书出版社(北京);1995,2 .
议论文是以议论为主要表达方式,通过摆事实,讲道理,直接表达作者的观点和主张的常用文体。接下来给大家分享英语议论文模板及范文,供参考。
Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题) Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧)
Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点) Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2-3个赞成的理由)
However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点) Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2-3个反对的理由)
Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点)
Nowadays,there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive
aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To
begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same
time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
Shall we send children to study abroad?
With more and more people becoming rich in recent years, it is a new tendency for them to send their children to study abroad. But I don’t think it is a good idea. First of all, children are too young to look after themselves. Second, the language barrier is a serious problem. Many children are not proficient in the foreign language before going abroad. As a result, they have difficulty in understanding what the native speakers are talking about. Third, they may get into trouble when dealing with various situations for lack of knowledge of the customs in the strange land. Furthermore, the cost of living is much higher than that in our country, which might cause a heavy burden to the family. #p#分页标题#e#
In conclusion, there are more disadvantages in sending children to study abroad. So, we’d better not do it.