[1] Thoroson J S, Hoster T J, Jiang J, et al. Nature′s carbohydrate chemists: the enzymatic glycosylation of bioactive bacterial metabolites [J]. Curr Org Chem,2001,5(2):139[2] Weymouth?Wilson A C. The role of carbohydrates in biologically active natural products [J]. Nat Prod Rep,1997,14(2):99[3] Losey H C, Peczuh M W, Chen Z, et al. Tandem action of glycosyltransferases in the maturation of vancomycin and teicoplanin aglycones: novel glycopeptides [J]. Biochemistry,2001,40(15):4745[4] Cudic P, Kranz J K, Behenna D C, et al. Complexation of peptidoglycan intermediates by the lipoglycodepsipeptide antibiotic ramoplanin: minimal structural requirements for intermolecular complexation and fibril formation [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci,2002,99(11):7384[5] Gellert M, O′Dea M H, Itoh T, et al. Novobiocin and coumermycin inhibit DNA supercoiling catalyzed by DNA gyrase [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci,1976,73(12):4474[6] Sosio M, Stinchi S, Beltrametti F, et al. The gene cluster for the biosynthesis of the glycopeptide antibiotic A40926 by nonomuraea species [J]. Chem Biol,2003,10(6):541[7] Quiros L M, Aguirrezabalaga I, Olano C, et al. Two glycosyltransferases and a glycosidase are involved in oleandomycin modification during its biosynthesis by Streptomyces antibioticus [J]. Mol Microbiol,1998,28(6):1177[8] Gourmelen A, Blondelet?Rouault M H, Pernodet J L. Characterization of a glycosyl transferase inactivating macrolides, encoded by gimA from Streptomyces ambofaciens [J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother,1998,42(10):2612[9] 代焕琴. 安丝菌素生物合成的后修饰研究[D]. 中国科学院博士学位论文，2006：40[10] Walsh C T, Losey H C, Freel C L. Antibiotic glycosyltransferases [J]. Biochem Soc Trans,2003,31(Pt3):487[11] Lu C, Bai L, Shen Y. A novel amide N?glycoside of ansamitocins from Actinosynnema pretiosum [J]. J Antibiot,2004,57(5):348[12] Hoffmeister D, Ichinose K, Bechthold A. Two sequence elements of glycosyltransferases involved in urdamycin biosynthesis are responsible for substrate specificity and enzymatic activity [J]. Chem Biol,2001,8(16):557[13] Mulichak A M, Losey H C, Walsh C T, et al. Structure of the UDP?glucosyltransferase GtfB that modifies the heptapeptide aglycone in the biosynthesis of vancomycin group antibiotics [J]. Structure,2001,9(7):547[14] Sanchez C, ButovichI A, Brana A F, et al. The biosynthetic gene cluster for the antitumor rebeccamycin: characterization and generation of indolocarbazole derivatives [J]. Chem Biol,2002,9(4):519[15] Otten S L, Liu X, Ferguson J, et al. Cloning and characterization of the Streptomyces peucetius dnrQS genes encoding a daunosamine biosynthesis enzyme and a glycosyltransferase involved in daunorubicin biosynthesis [J]. J Bacteriol,1995,177(22):6688[16] Zhao Y, Ahlert J, Xue Y, et al. Engineering a methy?mycin/pikromycin?calicheamicin hybrid: construction of two new macrolides carrying a designed sugar moiety [J]. J Am Chem Soc,1999,121(42):9881[17] Hoffmeister D, Ichinose K, Domann S, et al. The NDP?sugar co?substrate concentration and the enzyme expression level influence the substrate specificity of glycosyltransferases: cloning and characterization of deoxysugar biosynthetic genes of the urdamycin biosynthetic gene cluster [J]. Chem Biol,2000,7(11):821[18] Walsh C, Freel C L, Losey H C. Antibiotic glycosyltransferases: antibiotic maturation and prospects for reprogramming [J]. J Med Chem,2003,46(16):3425[19] Blanco G, Patallo E P, Brana A F, et al. Identification of a sugar flexible glycosyltransferase from Streptomyces olivaceus: the producer of the antitumor polyketide elloramycin [J]. Chem Biol,2001,8(3):253[20] Dürr C, Hoffmeister D, Wohlert S E, et al. The glycosyltransferase UrdGT2 establishes both C? and O?glycosidic bonds [J]. Angewandte,2004,43(22):2962[21] Freel C L, Anderson J W, Kahne D, et al. Initial characterization of novobiocic acid noviosyl transferase activity of NovM in biosynthesis of the antibiotic novobiocin [J]. Biochemistry,2002,42(14):4179[22] Mendez C, Salas J A. Altering the glycosylation pattern of bioactive compounds [J]. Trends Biotechnol,2001,19(11):449[23] He X, M Liu, H W. Formation of unusual sugars: mechanistic studies and biosynthetic applications [J]. Annu Rev Biochem,2002,71:701[24] Oberthur M, Leimkuhler C, Kruger R G, et al. A systematic investigation of the synthetic utility of glycopeptide glycosyltransferases [J]. J Am Chem Soc,2005,127(30):10747[25] Wohlert S E, Blanco G, Lombo F, et al. Novel hybrid tetracenomycins through combinatorial biosynthesis using a glycosyltransferase encoded by elm genes in cosmid 16F4 and which shows a broad sugar substrate specificity [J]. J Am Chem Soc,1998,120(41):10596[26] Salas J A, Mendez C. Biosynthesis pathways for deoxysugars in antibiotic?producing actinomycetes: isolation, characterization and generation of novel glycosylated derivatives [J]. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol,2005,9(2):77[27] Sanchez C, Zhu L, Brana A F, et al. Combinatorial biosynthesis of antitumor indolocarbazole compounds [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci,2005,102(2):461[28] Salas A P, Zhu L, Sanchez C, et al. Deciphering the late steps in the biosynthesis of the anti?tumour indolocarbazole staurosporine: sugar donor substrate flexibility of the StaG glycosyltransferase [J]. Mol Microbiol,2005,58(1):17[29] Doumith M, Legrand R, Lang C, et al. Interspecies complementation in Saccharopolyspora erythraea: elucidation of the function of oleP1, oleG1 and oleG2 from the oleandomycin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces antibioticus and generation of new ery
[1] 袁勤生． 应用酶学[M]． 上海: 华东理工大学出版社，1994．[2]Nair S U，Singhal R S，Kamat M Y．Induction of pullulanase production in Bacillus cereus FDTA 213 [J]．Biores．Technol． ，2007，98( 4) : 856 －859．[3]Park H S，Park J T，Kang H K，et al． ．TreX from sulfolobus solfataricus ATCC 35092 displays isoamylase and 4-alphaglucanotransferase activities[J]．Biosci．Biotechol．Biochem． ，2007，71( 5) : 1348 －1352．[4] 乔宇， 丁宏标 ， 王海燕， 常敏. 普鲁兰酶的研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展2011 年第1 卷第3 期189 ～194.普鲁兰酶是一种在低pH值下应用的热稳定脱支酶，与糖化酶一起使用，可由液化淀粉浆来生产高葡萄糖浆和高麦芽糖浆。这是一种由经过基因工程改造的地衣芽胞杆菌制得的酶。该酶在高温酸性下稳定，并可水解液化淀粉中的α—1．6—D糖苷键而产生包含(1，4-α-D)葡糖键的直链多聚糖。此酶符合联合国粮农组织(FAO)/世界卫生组织(WHO)及食品化学药典(FCC)所推荐的食品级酶制剂。在美国，被认为是可以放心使用产品。 名 称 普鲁兰酶 其他名称 茁酶多糖酶 来源 微生物（产气杆 菌等） 作用键 水解支链淀粉和糖原等分支点的α—1, 6 糖苷键 底物 支链淀粉， 普鲁兰糖 产物 麦芽三糖， 麦芽糖 该酶在55~65℃范围内活性较强, 其中60℃为其降解普鲁兰糖的最适温度。普鲁兰酶在低于70℃时稳定性较好, 残余活力在90%以上, 温度高于70℃后, 酶活力开始迅速下降。最适pH 值为5.0~6.0。在pH 值4.0~7.5 范围内, 普鲁兰酶稳定性较高, 活力损失较少, 酶的残余活力在90%以上。Fe3+对普鲁兰酶活性有激活作用;Cu2+、Ag+ 、Hg2+、Pb2+对酶活性有强烈的抑制作用;Zn2+、Mg2+、Ni2+也有一定的抑制作用，其他金属离子对该酶活性影响不明显。普鲁兰酶与其他淀粉酶协同作用或单独作用, 使食品质量提高,降低粮耗,节约成本,减少污染。普鲁兰酶能分解支链的特性决定了他在食品工业中的广泛应用,已成为淀粉酶制剂中一个很有前途的新品种,具有广阔的开发和应用前景,其在食品工业中的应用研究也将日趋广泛和深入,目前国际上普鲁兰酶的工业化生产被丹麦垄断,我国仅局限于实验室研究,且酶活较低,所以开发普鲁兰酶对食品加工领域具有重要的工业价值。
Proteomic analysis of wild-type and mutant huntingtin-associated proteins in mouse brains identifies unique interactions and involvement in protein synthesis. 2012 J. Biol. Chem.287, 21599-21614.
Dbf2-Mob1 drives relocalization of protein phosphatase Cdc14 to the cytoplasm during exit from mitosis.2009 J. Cell Biol.184, 527–39.
Deregulation of maize C4 photosynthetic development in a mesophyll cell-defective mutant. 2008 Plant Physiol.146, 1469–81.
PPP1R16A, the membrane subunit of protein phosphatase 1{beta}, signals nuclear translocation of the nuclear receptor CAR. 2008 Mol. Pharmacol.73, 1113-1121.
一般是十个。
一、文献类型与文献载体代码
根据GB3469-83《文献类型与文献载体代码》规定，以单字母标识：
M——专著（含古籍中的史、志论著）
C——论文集
N——报纸文章
J——期刊文章
D——学位论文
R——研究报告
S——标准
P——专利
A——专著、论文集中的析出文献
Z——其他未说明的文献类型
电子文献类型以双字母作为标识：
DB——数据库CP——计算机程序
EB——电子公告
非纸张型载体电子文献，在参考文献标识中同时标明其载体类型：
DB/OL——联机网上的数据库
DB/MT——磁带数据库
M/CD——光盘图书
CP/DK——磁盘软件
J/OL——网上期刊
EB/OL——网上电子公告
二、参考文献书写格式
（参考文献：宋体四号字加黑，顶头）中文≥10篇，英文≥5篇（主要内容用宋体小四号不加黑，中文中标点用全角；英文符号用半角，标注说明如下）
（1）杂志：[编号] 姓名1，姓名2，姓名3等．文章名称[J]．杂志名称，年，卷(期)：页码范围．
（2）书籍：[编号] 姓名1，姓名2，姓名3等．书籍名称（第几版）．出版地点：出版社，出版年：起止页码(第一版不标注)．
（3）学位论文：[编号] 姓名．论文名[D]．保存地点：保存单位，撰写年，页码范围．
（4）会议论文集：［编号］姓名1，姓名2，姓名3等．文章题目名[C]．会议名（论文集名），年份，会议地:出版者，页码范围．
（5）报纸：［编号］姓名1，姓名2，姓名3等．文章题目名[N]．报纸名称，出版年-月-日（版面号）．
（6）专利：［编号］专利所有者姓名1，姓名2，姓名3等．专利题目名[P]．专利国别：专利号，出版日期．
（7）电子文献：［编号］姓名1，姓名2，姓名3等．电子文献题名[载体类型]．电子文献的出处或可获得地址，发表或更新日期/引用日期．
载体类型：
联机上网数据库（database online) [DB/OL]；
光盘网数据库（database on CD-ROM) [DB/CD]；
光盘图书（monograph on CD-ROM) [M/CD]；
磁盘软件（computer program on disk) [CP/DK]；
网上期刊（serial online) [J/OL]；
网上电子公告（electronic bulletin board online） [EB/OL]
参考文献：（宋体四号字加黑） （样例）
[1] 惠晓实，王凯航，陆舟，等．一种基于web技术的网络数据库系统设计[J]．计算机应用研究，2000，17(1)：84～86．
[2] 强文久，元章，雯荣．数学分析的基本概念与方法．北京：高等教育出版社，1989：153～167．
[3] 詹东风．中国漆树酶分离制备及反映功能研究[D]．武汉大学博士学位论文，1998：81～89．
[4] Wayne C. The toxins of cyan bacteria[J]. Scientific American, 1994, 270(1): 78～86.
[5] Buchberger B, Collins G E, Computer Algebra Symbolic and Algebraic Computation. New York: Springer Versa, 1998: 58～76.
