Translation studies
As we all know, translation means communication. It is important to our daily life. When we want to communicate with others, At first, We must translateone language into another. But, translation is a complex process. Because thereare many additional factors involved. If we wan t t o get a prefect result, we must master many skills.
This paper talked about something about translation.I think if we pay more attention to the following details, we will do better in translation.
While opening up new perspectives, the genegel approach as practiced in North American transition workshops might best be characterized by a theoretion and subjection that tend to reinforce whatever theoretical values individual translators hold .much that has been written on the subject of translation yields very little when sifed for theoretical substance because it has always been written as if spoken in the wortkshop . the personal anecdotes and pieces of advice may provide some help ,but certainly not the coherent and consistent theory required for translation.
The problem is not just a contemporary phenomenon in North America ,but one that has troubled translation theory historically . people practiced translation ,but they were never quite sure what they were practicing. During the sixties in the United States ,the translation workshop perpetuated the same practice .Clearly, a more systematic approach to translation was needed ,and the discipline that appeared to have the theoretical and linguistic tools necessary to address the problem was linguistics .
Diesel vehicles
Diesel vehicles may be making a comeback. Diesel engines are more powerful and fuel-efficient than similar-sized gasoline engines (about 30-35% more fuel efficient). Plus, today's diesel vehicles are much improved over diesels of the past.
柴油车柴油车可能正在东山再起. 柴油引擎更强大,更省油,比同样大小的汽油发动机(约30-35%的燃油效率) . 再加上,今天的柴油车,大大改善了柴油机的过去.
Better Performance
Improved fuel injection and electronic engine control technologies have
Increased power
Improved acceleration
Increased efficiency
New engine designs, along with noise- and vibration-damping technologies, have made them quieter and smoother. Cold-weather starting has been improved also.
表现较好的改善燃料喷射和发动机电子控制技术的进步已增加力量加快改善效率,增加新的引擎设计, 随着噪声及减振技术,取得了他们的宁静和畅顺. 寒冷天气开始有所改善也.
Cleaner
Today's diesels must meet the same emissions standards as gasoline vehicles, and advances in engine technologies, ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel, and improved exhaust treatment have made this possible.
Although emissions of particulates and smog-forming nitrogen oxides (NOx) are still relatively high, new "clean" diesel fuels, such as ultra-low sulfur diesel and biodiesel, and advances in emission control technologies will reduce these pollutants also.
今天清洁的柴油,必须符合相同的排放标准,汽油车,先进的引擎技术, 超低硫柴油,并改进尾气处理有这个可能. 虽然排放的悬浮粒子和烟雾形成的氮氧化物( NOX )仍比较高,新的"干净"的柴油燃料相比, 如超低含硫量柴油,生物柴油和垫款在排放控制技术,可减少这些污染物也.
Hybrid-electric vehicles;
Hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) combine the benefits of gasoline engines and electric motors and can be configured to obtain different objectives, such as improved fuel economy, increased power, or additional auxiliary power for electronic devices and power tools.
Some of the advanced technologies typically used by hybrids include混合电动车; 混合动力电动汽车(的HEV )结合的好处,汽油发动机和电动马达,可以通过配置来获取不同的目标,这种 作为提高燃油经济性,提高动力,或额外的辅助电源的电子设备和电动工具. 一些先进的技术,通常用杂交种包括:
Regenerative Braking. The electric motor applies resistance to the drivetrain causing the wheels to slow down. In return, the energy from the wheels turns the motor, which functions as a generator, converting energy normally wasted during coasting and braking into electricity, which is stored in a battery until needed by the electric motor. 再生制动. 电动机电阻适用于传动造成车轮放慢了. 作为回报,能量从车轮转动马达,它的功能是一台发电机, 能源转换通常浪费在滑行和刹车成电力, 这是储存在电池直到所需的电机.
Electric Motor Drive/Assist. The electric motor provides additional power to assist the engine in accelerating, passing, or hill climbing. This allows a smaller, more efficient engine to be used. In some vehicles, the motor alone provides power for low-speed driving conditions where internal combustion engines are least efficient.
电机驱动/协助. 电动机提供额外的权力,以协助发动机在加速,超越,或爬山. 这使得规模较小,更加高效的引擎可以使用. 在一些车辆,电动机单独提供电源低速驾驶的情况下,内燃机是最有效的.
Automatic Start/Shutoff. Automatically shuts off the engine when the vehicle comes to a stop and restarts it when the accelerator is pressed. This prevents wasted energy from idling.
自动启动/关机. 自动拒之门外引擎当汽车来停止并重新启动它时,油门被按下. 这样可避免浪费能源,从空转.
Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs)
Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) are designed to run on gasoline or a blend of up to 85% ethanol (E85). Except for a few engine and fuel system modifications, they are identical to gasoline-only models.
FFVs have been produced since the 1980s, and dozens of models are currently available. Since FFVs look just like gasoline-only models, you may have an FFV and not even know it. To determine if your vehicle is an FFV, check the inside of your car's fuel filler door for an identification sticker or consult your owner’s manual.
灵活燃料汽车(FFVs)灵活燃料汽车(FFVs) ,设计运行于汽油或混合最多 85%乙醇( e85 ) . 除了少数的发动机和燃油系统的改装,它们是相同的汽油只有模型. 灵活燃料汽车已累计生产80年代以来,几十种型号,目前可用. 自灵活燃料汽车很像汽油唯一模式,你可以有一个新鲜水果和蔬菜,甚至不知道它. 确定如果你的汽车是一个新鲜水果和蔬菜, 检查内你的车子的加油口门上一贴,鉴定或请教你的车主手册.
FFVs experience no loss in performance when operating on E85. However, since a gallon of ethanol contains less energy than a gallon of gasoline, FFVs typically get about 20-30% fewer miles per gallon when fueled with E85.
灵活燃料汽车的经验,没有任何财物损失,在性能上经营e85 . 然而,由于一加仑乙醇含有更少的能源比一加仑汽油, 外国船队通常有约20-30%少英里每加仑,当燃用e85 .
Electric vehicles (EVs)
Electric vehicles (EVs) are propelled by an electric motor (or motors) powered by rechargeable battery packs. Electric motors have several advantages over internal combustion engines (ICEs): 电动车(电动车)电动车(电动车) ,发动机由电动机(或马达)提供动力的电池包. 电动马达拥有几项优势内燃机(考) :
Energy efficient. Electric motors convert 75% of the chemical energy from the batteries to power the wheels—internal combustion engines (ICEs) only convert 20% of the energy stored in gasoline.
Environmentally friendly. EVs emit no tailpipe pollutants, although the power plant producing the electricity may emit them. Electricity from nuclear-, hydro-, solar-, or wind-powered plants causes no air pollutants. 能源效率. 电动马达,将75%的化学能量从电池为电源的车轮-内燃机(考) ,只有转换 20%的能源储存汽油. 环保. 电动车不会排放废气污染物,虽然电厂生产的电力,排出的可能. 电力来自核,水能,太阳能,风能发电厂没有造成空气中的污染物.
Reduce energy dependence. Electricity is a domestic energy source.
Performance benefits. Electric motors provide quiet, smooth operation and stronger acceleration and require less maintenance than ICEs.
The Down Side: Batteries
减少对能源的依赖. 电力是国内的能源来源. 性能优点. 电动马达提供安静,平稳操作和强大的加速度,需要的维修较少,比考. 弊:电池
EVs face significant battery-related challenges:
Driving range. Most EVs can only go 150 miles (or less) before recharging—gasoline vehicles can go over 300 miles before refueling.
Recharge time. Fully recharging the battery pack can take 4 to 8 hours.
Battery cost: The large battery packs are expensive and usually must be replaced one or more times.
Bulk & weight: Battery packs are heavy and take up considerable vehicle space.
Researchers are working on improved battery technologies to increase driving range and decrease recharging time, replacement frequency, weight, and cost. These factors will ultimately determine the future of EVs. 电动车面临着电池相关的挑战:练习场. 大部分电动车只能走150英里(或更少) ,然后充电汽油车辆可走300英里,然后加油. 充电时间. 完全充电的电池包可以采取4至8小时. 电池成本:大型电池盒十分昂贵,通常必须更换1次或更多次. 体积及重量:电池包重,并采取了相当多的车辆空间. 研究人员正在改进电池技术,以增加练习场和减少充电时间,更换频率,重量和成本. 这些因素最终决定自己前途的电动车.
经典美文是文学史中璀璨的明珠,是人类情感和智慧的结晶。在 小学 作文 的教学中,应注重美文阅读环节,这对于培养学生良好的 文化 素养和语言素养是相当关键的。本文是较短的英语美文摘抄带翻译，希望对大家有帮助!
较短的英语美文摘抄带翻译：The third,you may 第三只鸡留着自己吃
A rich farmer's son, who had been bred at the university, always came at Christmas, to visit his father and mother.
One evening, they were all three at supper, and two fowls having been served up, he told them that, by logic and arithmetic, he could prove those two chickens to be three.
"Well," said his father, "you ought to teach us how that can be done."
"Why!" Cried the scholar. "This is one, and that," continued he, "is two, one and two, you know, make three."
"Very clever, indeed, and very funny," returned the father, "but you ought to have told us also, how we are to divide those two fowls among us three. Perhaps you could not have managed that so easily, so I will assist you: your mother shall have the first fowl, I will have the second, and the third, you may keep for yourself, as reward for your great learning."
一个有钱的农民有一个儿子，他在大学接受过 教育 ，总是 圣诞节 回家去看望他的父母。
一天晚上，他们三人在一起吃晚饭，有两只鸡被端上来，他用逻辑与计算的知识告诉他们，他能证明两只鸡可以变成三只。
“好啊，”他父亲说。“你应该教教我们怎么做。”
“哎呀，”学者叫道：“这是一，那个，”他接着说：“是二，一加二，你知道，等于三。”
“非常聪明，真的，而且很有趣，”父亲回答道，“但是你也应该告诉我们，我们如何分配那两只鸡，也学你解决起来不会那么容易，所以我来帮助你，你妈妈应该吃第一只，我吃第二只，第三只你应该留给自己，作为你学得好的奖励。”
较短的英语美文摘抄带翻译：Navajo message for the moon
纳瓦伙族人给月球的讯息
When NASA was preparing for the Apollo Project, it took the astronauts to a Navajo reservation in Arizona for training. One day, a Navajo elder and his son came across the space crew, who were walking among the rocks.
The elder, who spoke only Navajo, asked a question. His son translated for the NASA people:
"What are these guys in the big suits doing?"
One of the astronauts said they were practicing for a trip to the moon. When his son relayed(中继，转发) this comment, the Navajo elder got all excited and asked if it would be possible to give the astronauts a message to deliver to the moon.
A NASA official said, "Why certainly!" and told an underling(下属) to get a tape recorder. The Navajo elder's comments were brief. The NASA official asked the son if he would translate what his father had said. But he refused.
Finally, an official government translator was summoned. The translator relayed the message:
"Watch out for these fellows! They have come to steal your land."
在美国国家航天局准备阿波罗航天计划时，他们让宇航员们去亚利桑那州纳瓦伙族保留区进行训练。某天，一位纳瓦伙族老人和他儿子遇见正在岩石间穿行的航空工作人员。
老人问了航天局人员一个问题，但他只会说纳瓦伙族语，儿子帮他进行了翻译：
“这些穿着厚重衣服的家伙在干嘛?”
一个宇航员说他们正为去月球进行训练。当儿子传达给老人后，老人非常兴奋地问道能否请宇航员们为他向月球传递一条讯息。
航天局官员回答：“当然可以啦!”并吩咐下属拿来录音机。老人的留言非常简短，航天局官员问老人的儿子可否告诉他们老人说了什么，但他拒绝了。
最后，他们请来了一位政府翻译员，他转述道：
“小心这些家伙!他们来抢你们的领土了。”
较短的英语美文摘抄带翻译：A nice stone 上好的石头
Sometime after Paul died, his widow, Lily, was finally able to speak about what a thoughtful and wonderful man her late husband had been.
"Paul thought of everything," she told her friends. Just before he died, Paul handed me three envelopes. 'Lily,' he told me, 'I have put all my last wishes in these three envelopes. After I am dead, please open them and do exactly that I have instructed. Then, I can rest in peace.'"
"What was in the envelopes?" her friends asks.
"The first envelope contained $5000 with a note, 'please use this money to buy a nice casket.' So I bought a beautiful mahogany(桃花心木) casket with such a comfortable lining that I know Paul is resting comfortably.”
"The second envelope contained $10000 with a note, 'Please use this for a nice funeral.' I arranged Paul a vey dignified funeral and bought all his favorite food for everyone attending."
"And the third envelope?" asked her friends.
"The third envelope contained $30000 with a note, 'Please use this to buy a nice stone.'"
Holding her hand in the air, Lily said, "So, do you like my stone?" showing off her 10 carat diamond ring.
保罗死后过了一段时间，遗孀莉莉最终觉得是时候跟大伙 说说 她的丈夫多么体贴多么好。
“保罗什么事情都安排好了，”莉莉跟朋友们说，“临死时，保罗给我三个信封。‘莉莉’他说，‘这三个信封里装有我的遗愿。我死后请你打开，按照我说的去做，那样，我就安息了。’”
“信封里装的什么愿望啊?”朋友们问。
“第一个信封里有5000美元和一张条，‘请用这些钱每一副好棺材。’我就买了一副舒适衬里的红木棺材，漂亮大方，我知道保罗躺在里面一定很舒适。”
“第二个信封里有一万美元和一张条，‘请用这些钱办一个像样的葬礼。’‘我就为保罗张罗了一个体面的葬礼，买了所有保罗最爱吃东西给所有人分享。’”
“第三个信封呢?”朋友们追问。
“第三个信封里有3万美金和一张条，‘请用这些钱买一块上好的石头(指墓碑)’”
莉莉举起手来说：“看，这块石头好看吗?”莉边说边秀着她十克拉的钻戒。
晕啊！！回答框里根本打不下10000字 电子邮件给我 我发给你！！
先给你下面是一部分的 Logistics is the physical entity the flow of the process, Logistics is the physical entity the flow of the process, including
transportation management, infrastructure building, inventory
management, materials management, and communication and information
management activities. American Logistics Association in accordance with
the definition, logistics is defined as to meet customer needs for raw
materials, products, finished goods and related information from the
source point to the efficient flow of consumption and storage for the
planning, implementation and control of the process, and thus a complete
logistics industrial processes is the use of modern information
