沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料是一种由沥青、纤维稳定剂、矿粉及少量的细集料组成的沥青玛蹄脂，填充间断级配的粗集料骨架间隙而形成的眼挤型密实结构混合料。SMA改性沥青及SMA路面是一种新型的路面结构，改性沥青及SMA混合料冷却后非常坚硬，强度高。本文结合上海城市外环线(浦东段)环南一大道工程的施工，谈谈如何对改性沥青及SMA路面的施工进行控制。
一、工程综述
本工程北起张扬路立交东至环东一大道，路幅红线宽度100米，为城市Ⅰ级主干道，双向8车道，总长2387米。车行道结构形式为沥青柔性路面，结构层组成为路基+15厘米砂砾垫层+40厘米二灰碎石基层+15厘米三层式沥青混凝土面层。面层组合如下：表面层为改性沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料（SMA-16）4厘米；中面层为中粒式改性沥青砼（LH-25）6厘米；底面层为粗粒式改性沥青砼（CLH-35）6厘米；下封层1厘米。
二、改性沥青施工质量控制的难点
1.改性沥青混合料粘度较高，各工序的施工温度均比普通沥青混合料的施工温度要求高，贮存、运输期间的降温不应超过10℃，生产厂至施工现场的距离较长，上海交通繁忙，气候变化大，混合料贮藏温度控制难。
2.沥青路面施工质量与摊铺机械的性能密切相关，沥青摊铺机械型号多种，性能不一。如何选择性能良好的施工机械，是工程质量控制的重点。
3.沥青摊铺时，必须均匀、连续，工人素质必须高，要能正确判断摊铺界面。
三、SMA沥青的拌合及施工
1.沥青混合料拌合。由于SMA与普通密级配沥青砼最大不同之处是SMA为间断级配，粗集料粒径单一、量多、细集料很少，矿粉用量多。细集料包括石屑和砂一共只需15%左右，给混合料的供料拌和带来不少困难。为此，料斗、料仓要重新安排，增加粒径为5～10毫米的骨料仓，以保证冷料数量，而细集料用量很少，冷料仓门开启很少，供料过程中要保持细集料干燥，以保证细集料顺利供料。主皮带把粗配料送入滚洞，通过燃烧器对骨料加热，有热电偶检测料温，自动调节燃烧器的风油比，使骨料温度达到190℃～200℃。热料经提升机进入振动筛，把热料按目标配合比的规格要求分筛到不同的热料仓（筛网尺寸可根据要求更换），有计算机控制各热料仓拉门，按输入的生产配合比自动配料、计量，由于SMA粗料粒径单一，细料很少，热料可能会发生粗集料仓经常不足（亏料），而细集料仓经常溢仓的不正常情况，控制室的操作人员不可调整放料的数量，使SMA的配合比不准。然后将木质素纤维加入到搅拌锅与骨料共同进行干拌，再添加经计算机控配比控制计量的石粉及沥青，拌和后，完成成品料的生产。SMA的干拌时间为4秒～5秒，湿拌30秒～45秒。
各种材料加热温度控制：沥青加热温度160℃～165℃，现场制作温度165℃～170℃，加工最高温度175℃，集料加热温度190℃～200℃，混合料出场温度175℃～185℃，混合料最高温度（废弃温度）195℃，摊铺温度不低于160℃，初始开始温度不低于150℃，复压最低温度不低于130℃，碾压终了温度不低于130℃，开放交通温度不高于60℃。
2.运输。由于SMA沥青混合料的沥青玛蹄脂的粘性较大，运输车的车厢底部要涂较多的油水混合物，而且为了防止运输车表面混合料结成硬壳，运输车运输过程中必须加盖油布，同时车量要适当增加。
3.摊铺。沥青必须缓慢、均匀连续不间断地摊铺。摊铺过程中，不得随意变换速度或中途停顿，摊铺速度应根据拌和机产量，施工机械配套情况及摊铺层厚度、宽度确定。摊铺速度为3.5米/分钟。
4.碾压。碾压过程是面层施工中的重要环节，碾压SMA的八字方针为“紧跟、碾压、高频、低幅”，并合理地选择压路机组合方式及碾压步骤。
5.接缝。
（1）纵缝：根据本工程特点，我单位在沥青混合料摊铺过程中采用一台德国产ABG423摊铺机并排摊铺，采用此方式可以一次整幅摊铺，纵缝热接提高了路面的平整度，美化了路面的视觉效果。
（2）横缝：SMA路面的接缝处理要比普通混合料困难一些，因此，摊铺时在边部设置挡板，也可以在沥青SMA层每天施工完工后，在其尚未冷却之前，即切割好，并利用水将接缝冲洗干净。第二天涂刷粘层油，即进行摊铺新混合料。
6.SMA沥青混合料施工中容易产生的问题：
（1）过碾压：由于SMA路面的集料嵌挤作用，压实程度不大，压实度较易达到，但是随着碾压遍数的增加，集料不断地往下走，玛蹄脂一点点地向上浮，造成构造深度减小。在碾压过程中，特别注意表面构造保持在1～1.5毫米，以便有适宜的构造深度。
（2）出现油斑：SMA路面通车后出现油斑也是常见的一种病害，这是由于SMA的纤维拌合不均匀造成的。因此在拌合时，要严格控制纤维的投放数量和投放时间，并延长干拌时间，确保纤维拌合均匀。还要注意储藏期间纤维干燥，防止纤维受潮成团。
（3）碾压成型温度不够高是常见的毛病。SMA在130℃碾压的效果就很差了。在低温时碾压，容易出现不平整。在行车过程中出现车辙，是因为碾压不足造成的。
Asphalt of Stone Mastic is a mixture of asphalt from the fiber stabilizing agent, slag and a small amount of the fine aggregate composed of lipid Mastic Asphalt, filled with intermittent level of coarse aggregate skeleton space formed by squeezing eye-density Structure mixture. SMA modified asphalt road and SMA is a new type of pavement, and SMA modified asphalt mixture cooled very hard, high strength. Based in Shanghai, Link (Pudong), a South Central Avenue construction project, talk about how the modified asphalt road construction and SMA control.
I. Review of projects
The project has publicized the North Road interchange east to Central Avenue East a road width of 100 meters pieces of red, as cities Ⅰ-level main road, two-way lane 8, the chief of 2,387 meters. Carriageway of the form of flexible asphalt pavement, structural layer of gravel for the roadbed +15 cm layer of grey rubble +40 cm grassroots +15 cm three asphalt concrete surface. Surface composition is as follows: for the modified asphalt surface layer of Stone Mastic mixture (SMA-16) 4 centimeters of the surface of tablets for-modified asphalt concrete (LH-25) 6 centimeters for the bottom layer Coarse-modified asphalt concrete (CLH-35) 6 centimeters under the closure of one centimeter.
Second, the modified asphalt construction quality control difficult
1. Modified asphalt mixture viscosity higher, the process of construction than the general temperature of the asphalt mixture of high-temperature requirements, storage, transportation during the cooling should not exceed 10 ℃, manufacturing plant to the construction site of the long distance Shanghai heavy traffic, climate change, mixture storage temperature control difficult.
2. Asphalt road paving machinery and construction quality is closely related to the performance, a variety of types of asphalt paving machinery, mixed performance. How to choose the good performance of construction machinery, is the focus of project quality control.
3. Asphalt paving, it must uniform, continuous, workers must be of high quality, must be able to correct judgement paving interface.
3, SMA asphalt mixing and Construction
1. Asphalt mixture mixing. As with the SMA Miji with ordinary asphalt concrete is the biggest difference between the SMA for intermittent graded, coarse aggregate single particle size, quantity, fine aggregate small amount of slag and more. Stone Chip fine aggregate and sand, including a total of only around 15 percent, to the mixture of materials for mixing brought about many difficulties. To this end, the hopper, silo to re-arrangements, to increase the diameter of 5 to 10 mm aggregate positions, to ensure that the expected number of cold, fine aggregate amount of very few, very few cold silo door open for materials to maintain the course of Fine Aggregate drying, to ensure smooth for fine aggregate materials. The main ingredients into the thick belt of the roll-through on aggregate heating burner, a thermocouple detection feed temperature and automatically adjust the oil burner than the wind so that the aggregate temperature reaches 190 ℃ ~ 200 ℃. Heat expected to enter the elevator shaker, thermal materials on target to meet the specifications than the sub-screen to a different thermal bin (screen size can be replaced upon request), a computer control of the Silo flamenco, according to enter the Auto production mix ingredients, measuring, as a single SMA rough material particle size, small little material, thermal materials may be rough sets in less than regular hopper (deficit expected), while small-hopper often overflow warehouse is not the normal situation, control Room operators can not adjust the amount of discharge, the SMA not allowed to mix. Lignin fiber and then added to stir the pot with the aggregate common dry mix, then add the computer-control measures the ratio of powder and asphalt, mixing, the expected completion of the finished product. SMA mix the dry time of four seconds to five seconds, 30 seconds wet mix to 45 seconds.
Heating temperature control of various materials: asphalt temperature 160 ℃ ~ 165 ℃, the temperature at the scene produced 165 ℃ ~ 170 ℃, the highest temperature of processing 175 ℃, aggregate heating temperature 190 ℃ ~ 200 ℃, the temperature mixture out 175 ℃ ~ 185 ℃ , The highest temperature mixture (abandoned temperature) 195 ℃, paving the temperature of not less than 160 ℃, the initial starting temperature of not less than 150 ℃, repressing the lowest temperature of not less than 130 ℃, RCC ended temperature of not less than 130 ℃ Open transport temperature no higher than 60 ℃.
2. Transportation. As SMA asphalt mixture of asphalt Mastic more viscous resin, the carrier at the bottom of the compartment to the oil-water mixture Tu more, and in order to prevent the carrier surface mixture form a hard shell, the carrier during transport to be decked Tarpaulin, it is necessary to appropriately increase the volume of cars.
3. Paver. Asphalt must be slow, even for uninterrupted paver. Paving process, not free to transform the speed or stop half-way, paving the speed of production should be based on mixing, matching and construction machinery paving thickness, width identified. Paving a speed of 3.5 m / min.
4. RCC. RCC is the process of construction of an important link in the RCC SMA eight-character principle for the "keeping up, rolling, high-frequency, low-rate" and a reasonable choice roller composition and RCC steps.
5. Joints.
(1) longitudinal seam: According to the engineering features, I unit in the asphalt paving mixture used in the course of a Germany-ABG423 paver paving side-by-side, this method can be a whole paver, longitudinal seam to increase the heat The smoothness of the road and beautify the road of visual effects.
(2) Joints: SMA road handling the joints than ordinary mixture difficult, therefore, paving set at the edge of the baffle, can also SMA layer of asphalt a day after the completion of construction, not yet in its cooling, That is, cutting good, and joint use of water will be clean. The next day Tushua viscosity of the oil, that is paving the new mixture.
6.SMA asphalt mixture construction of the easy questions:
(1) the RCC: As the road aggregate SMA embedded crowded, not degree of compaction, the degree of compaction easier to achieve, but with the RCC to increase the number of times, the aggregate continue to go down, Mastic A little bit of fat to the floating, resulting in reduced structural depth. RCC in the process, with particular attention to the surface structure remained at 1 to 1.5 millimeters in order to have appropriate structural depth.
(2) in the oil spot: SMA opening of the road after the oil spot is a common disease, which is due to the SMA fiber caused by uneven mixing. Therefore, in mixing, it is necessary to strictly control the number of fibers running and running time and extended dry mix, to ensure uniform mixing fibers. We must pay attention to storage during the dry fiber to prevent the fibers exposed to moisture into college.
(3) RCC forming a high enough temperature is a common illnesses. SMA in the 130 ℃ RCC effect on the poor. In the low temperature at RCC, is not prone to the formation. In the lane in the process of rutting, is inadequate because of the RCC.
你可以试下这个《road and bridge》——美刊
可以看一些行内的核心期刊，比如《中国公路学报》《力学》等，也可以看看各个学校的学报，比如《同济大学学报》《哈工大学报》《长安大学学报》等，或者有些教材也可以作为参考文献。
毕业实习是整个毕业设计教学计划中的一个有机组成部分，是土木工程专业的一个重要的实践性叫许耳环界。通过组织参观和听取一些专题技术报告，收集一些与毕业设计课题有关的资料和素材，为顺利完成毕业设计打下坚实基础。通过实习，应达到以下目的：
1、了解一般工业与民用建筑或道桥工程的整个设计过程；
2、了解建筑物的总平面布置、建筑分类及功能作用、结构类型及特点、结构构件的布置及荷载传递路线、主要节点的细部构造和处理方法等；
3、了解建筑物的施工方法；
4、了解建筑、结构、施工之间的相互关系；
5、了解建筑结构领域的最新动态和发展方向。 工程创新点与特点
⑴ 主桥跨度大：大桥斜拉桥主跨504米为世界共类桥梁跨度之首。
⑵ 桥梁荷载重：该桥是世界上第一座按四线铁路修建的公铁两用斜拉桥，可以同时承载2万吨的荷载，是世界上荷载量最大的公铁两用桥。
⑶ 设计速度高：此桥是我国第一座铁路客运专线的大跨度斜拉桥，客运专线设计速度200公里/小时，按250公里/小时作动力仿真设计。
⑷ 结构型式新：大桥首次采用三片主桁、三索面的新型结构形式；公路桥面采用正交异性板或混凝土与钢桁结合体系，铁路桥面系采用混凝土与钢桁结合体系；主塔上设有约束梁体纵向位移的大吨位液压阻尼装置。
⑸ 施工工艺新：2号主塔墩基础首次采用巨型双壁钢吊箱围堰整体浮运锚墩预应力精确定位新工艺；3号主塔墩基础采用巨型双壁钢吊箱围堰整体浮运重型锚碇定位施工工艺；首次研制扭矩30tm动力头钻机用于φ3.4米大直径钻孔桩施工。
⑹ 施工难度大：平面尺寸长70米×宽44米的巨型双壁钢吊箱围堰工厂整体制造横向下水浮运定位施工难度大，工艺要求高，居同类工程之首；围堰平面定位精度在5厘米内，钢护筒垂直度在1/500内；φ3.4米大直径钻孔桩在软硬胶结不均砾岩中施工；16000方承台大体积混凝土施工与控制；新型三主桁制造架设及新型板桁组合结构施工精度高、工艺要求严、施工难度大；截面451φ7毫米长271米镀锌平行钢丝斜拉索制造与安装；188.5米高主塔垂直度及斜拉索索道管空间定位施工控制；自重2×1300吨大吨位箱梁整体现浇施工。 （ 桥梁施工管理研究）
