nature里的文章是primaryresearch。时常可以在国内媒体上看到“研究成果在最新出刊的国际顶级学术杂志《Nature》(自然)子刊Scientific Reports(科学报告)公开发表”的字样。
在《Nature》上发表一篇论文基本上属于大学教授级别(水平）。
《Nature》和《Science》属于顶尖科学杂志,按SCI影响因子算两杂志都有30多分。
《Nature》是世界上历史悠久的、最有名望的科学杂志之一，首版于1869年11月4日。与当今大多数科学论文杂志专一于一个特殊的领域不同，其是少数依然发表来自很多科学领域的一手研究论文的杂志（其它类似的杂志有《科学》和《美国科学院学报》等）。在许多科学研究领域中，很多最重要、最前沿的研究结果都是以短讯的形式发表在《自然》上。
【详细介绍】
《自然》是科学界普遍关注的、国际性、跨学科的周刊类科学杂志。2014年它的影响因子为41.456。
1869年约瑟夫·诺尔曼·洛克耶爵士建立了《自然》，洛克耶是一位天文学家和氦的发现者之一，他也是《自然》的第一位主编，直到1919年卸任。
《自然》每周刊载科学技术各个领域中具有独创性，重要性，以及跨学科的研究，同时也提供快速、权威、有见地的新闻，还有科学界和大众对于科技发展趋势的见解的专题。
《自然》的主要读者是从事研究工作的科学家，但杂志前部的文章概括使得一般公众也能理解杂志内最重要的文章。杂志开始部分的社论、新闻、专题文章报道科学家一般关心的事物，包括最新消息、研究资助、商业情况、科学道德和研究突破等栏目。杂志也介绍与科学研究有关的书籍和艺术。杂志的其余部分主要是研究论文，这些论文往往非常新颖，有很高的科技价值。
在《自然》上发表文章是非常光荣的，《自然》上的文章会经常被引用。这有助于晋升、获得资助和获得其它主流媒体的注意。因此科学家们在《自然》或《科学》上发表文章的竞争很激烈。与其它专业的科学杂志一样，在《自然》上发表的文章需要经过严格的同行评审。在发表前编辑选择其他在同一领域有威望的、但与作者无关的科学家来检查和评判文章的内容。作者要对评审做出的批评给予反应，比如更改文章内容，提供更多的试验结果，否则的话编辑可能拒绝该文章。
《自然》是一份在英国发表的周刊，其出版商为自然出版集团，这个集团属于麦克米伦出版有限公司，而它则属于格奥尔格·冯·霍茨布林克出版集团。《自然》在伦敦、纽约、旧金山、华盛顿哥伦比亚特区、东京、巴黎、慕尼黑和贝辛斯托克设有办公室。自然出版集团还出版其它专业杂志如《自然神经科学》、《自然生物学技术》、《自然方法》、《自然临床实践》、《自然结构和分子生物学》和《自然评论》系列等。
People make friends with nature
Once upon a time , people didn’t kown the nature is important for us. We thought plants and animals is less important than people . But this answer is wrong . We did many wrong things for the other living things .For example , in 1850 ,millions of Pesserger Pigeon live in the USA. Every year, When the Pigeon flew north to spend the summer in Canada ,peopleKilled them quckily . At the end ,The Pigeon were nearly none left . The last Pesserger Pigeon in the world died in a zoo in 1914. Why did Pigeons die in this nature ?Because people killed them , people thought the animals died that they had meat to eat and skins to make a closeth .If the Pigeon live in nature ,I think people can make some medicine ,send a letter of the Pigeons. So all living things in this nature have their’s advantages .Befor we do anythings , we must think ice .
Today , We learn more about other living things . We know the plant and animal is useful for us.Such as the plants ,it has many advantages. Some plants for us can help me do somethings .We use wood and bamboo to build houses , We use other plants for food ,others to make clothes and others for medicine . If all the green plants die , Earth will bae a very different place .The air will change and neither animals nor people will be able to live in that air .People must look after green plants ,we can do little things ,we can put garbage in the midden .we don’t paly in the grass,we don’t make the air dirty .Although we are little child , we are able to make the city clean . Because Guangzhou is my home ,clean is our duty.
Most of people like keeping pets . We know some pets is people’s helper Like dog ,it can tell to people what things will happen . On 26th ,December,2004, the India ocean had a big sea ,many peole had dead in that trageby . But one child very lucky. He had one clever dog , when the trageby began , the dog help the boy to climb the mountain ,the dog ate the boy’s clothes ,ran quckily to the tall place .At last ,the boy maked friends with his dog , the boy very happy . Ha said to people : anilmals is people ‘s good friends .We don't kill them, Because it’s one of the important living things in the world .
People think , when we make friends whit animals , we will have a good time ,animal is a very kind things in the world .We don’t killed them , If we kill them , that is bad for ourselves .So today we must think ,how to make friends with other living things . This answer is very eary . I think if eveyone do a liitle things for the living things , do anythings thinks ice ,hand in hand to make a beautiful world.
Secondly, the earthquake, if we respect the nature, we can get the harmonious surroundings, If we donot respect the nature, like the typhoon. Firstly, we live on the condition that we can not leave the nature, the tsunami and so on. Fainlly. We can reduce the unecessary natural calamities.Sum up, I think that people and environment should be in harmony as an anic whole.会不会不太符合初一， it will revenge our people by the natural calamities.In my opinion, we should love and repect the nature like our families and home. There is no other place can contain us except the nature in the Earth, the water, the oxygen and the landPeople and natureMore and more people want to separate the people from the nature, they think that we can live without the nature. So they destory the nature, including the forest and the river. They built so many buildings in the surface of the Earth. Don't respect the ecological banlance
要交代明白。
无论记人记事，还是写景状物，一般都要交代明白时间、地点、人物、起因、经过、结果。
否则文章就不完整。
第二，线索清楚。
虽然观察的角度、记述的方式可以不同，但每一篇文章都应当有一条关联材料、统贯全篇的中心线索，否则文章就会松散。
第三，人称要一致。
无论用第一人称“我”记述，还是用第三人称“他”记述，都要通篇一贯。
第四，要有条理。
一篇好的论文，最重要的就是条理。
乱七八糟的文章，就算是字字珠玑、妙语连珠也不受青睐。
I sometimes stare at the sky and wonder why we have made such a mess of things. I wonder how we can tear up the seas and use up the trees all in the name of progress. It is such a tragedy that we are damaging things so fast and they will soon be way beyond repair.It is very sad to think future generations will not have the natural things to enjoy as we have had, and that they will be paupers when it es to the offerings of the natural world.But, preserving nature is one thing ... appreciating it is quite another. There is so very much beauty all around us to see, touch, and hear. Nature is so miraculous because it is always changing. No matter how many times you look at something, it is always different.Nature can set a sky aflame at sunset or magically transform a familiar landscape into a snow-white wonderland. It can paint a rainbow in the sky, paint beautiful autumn colors on trees, or paint a clump of daffodils in the grass with glow of soft sunlight.Nature can bring a lot of beauty into our lives. Nature has a way of affecting our moods and it can force us to change our plans. Nature is responsible for the sun, clouds, rain, and snow. When it is sunny and bright outside, we feel cheerful inside. When it is cloudy and rainy, we often feel gloomy. When there is a beautiful and starry night, the moonlight makes us feel romantic.When we see the leaves budding on a tree or when a timid flower pushes through the frozen ground, or when we *** ell the freshness of spring, new hope will always e to us. Nature is truly an intrinsic part of our lives.When we wake and see a sunrise, when we walk and feel a breeze, when we gaze at the mountains and the splendor of the seas, when we see the earth renew its beauty at each season of the year, and when the stars shine at night, we should be so very thankful to the Lord for giving us all these wonderful and miraculous things. Learning to bee more aware of nature can truly have a good effect on our lives in the way we look at things and in the way we feel about ourselves.It is with much love that I dedicate these pages to a very special and wonderful person, Ginny Ellis. If it hadn't been for her, these pages would not be possible. I truly appreciate every beautiful poem that she has ever written. I thank you from the bottom of my heart, Ginny, for bringing so much beauty into the world.I would now like to share with you some of Ginny's and other poets verses and other things that capture Nature's moods and majesty. They may evoke some memories and dreams I do hope you will find something that you will enjoy.Some of the authors are unknown but if you know the correct source of items listed, I will appreciate hearing from you so corrections can be made and proper credit given.够了吧，好像有点长
his is a nature park. it's beautiful. the sky is blue and the air is fresh. look! the elephants are drinking water near the river. there are many animals in it. the kangaroos are leaping over the river. wow! the monkey is swinging. there are o birds in the tree. they are singing. i see o pretty bears. one is snoring on the stone. it has a sweet dream. the other is playing on the grass.how happy they are! his is a nature park. it's beautiful. There are woods around it.There are also many kinds of flowers, some are red, some are yellow and others are blue...
stantly caused by the destruction of the environment.First of all, the human huge unbridled deforestation and forest to decrease, which causes a lot of natural problems, such as soil erosion, desertification, dust storms... Human beings should protect the forest environment, thus preventing many natural disasters.Second, with thedevelopment of industry, to a large number of harmful gas emissions, lead to air quality drop, global warming, the atmosphere loophole, even causes acid rain. Human beings should be to prevent the harmful gas disorderly emissions, protection of air.In natural disasters, beforehuman always appears to be very *** all. So I think that human beings should protect the natural environment, so as to reduce the occurrence of natural disasters. At the same time also to improve human natur
Everyone can do something for our environment.Nowadays,our school students prepare to hold an english show about protecting the environment.But do you know how can we protect the environment?First,we can use less electric.For example,we can turn off all the lights when there are none in the classroom.Using less electricis a good wayto prevent the pollution.Second,we also can protect the forest.The forest can bring more free air.Then we can have fresh air and healthy body.Also, we can use both sides of paper.Wasting is a bad thing,we should remember.And we can use fewer paper cups and disposable chopsticks.They are not only hit the trees,but also hit persons.Now,let us save the environment!We can do!
1. 做研究之前，必须想清楚：结果能不能发表？发表在哪里？ 2. 先把文章大框写好，空出数据，等做完实验填完空就可以发了；正所谓心中有沟壑！ 3. 在未搞清“写什么、发哪里、自己研究与同类研究有何出色之处”之前，就不要动手做！ 4. 继续去看文献，去想；想不清楚就做还不如不做！ 5. 要想这样做，就得先看文献！要知道如何把文章架起来、要知道别人是如何讨论的、要知道自己的数据是不是说明了与别人不同的东东或别人没有做过……这个过程就是阅读文献及思考的过程，这些搞清楚了，写就简单了！ 6. 要是先做事，做完发现别人做过，或无法用理论来解释，岂不是冤大头？
下面谈一下投稿的基本过程，特别是与Cell、Nature、Science、PNAS等影响因子比较高的杂志有关的一些技术性问题，也许可以打破其神秘感。
其实这些杂志的主编，编辑们都经常在介绍其政策，评审标准，过程，等等。
他们也经常来中国访问。
今天我来代替他们介绍一下。
一个系列杂志叫Cell、Neuron、Immunity…..等等，原来都是从Cell分出来的。
这个杂志的基本特点是它有一个非常强的编委Editorial Board。
怎样的人可以当编委呢？他们往往是有名的科学家，而且也愿意并能够非常快地对投稿做出评估。
这些科学家也经常被选来做评审reviewer。
大家都知道每篇文章送到杂志社后，都要请该领域的2-3专家看，并匿名写出评审意见给作者。
你不知道是谁写的，但这些专家会给你提出批评，哪些地方不好，哪些地方需要进一步做实验，怎么样做，这就叫杂志评审。
Cell、Neuron、Immunity等这些杂志的评审不少就是编委做的。
因为现在杂志竞争的重要因素是发表要快，而做编委的专家能很快写出评审意见来。
还有一个特点，Cell等杂志主编，编辑有非常大的权利，他们甚至可以象追星族那样去追科学家，去参加各种各样的科学会议，当看到你有非常重要的最新成果，他们会去竞争，会问你，你的文章写出来了没有，我保证给你多少时间发表，等等。
另一个系列是Nature衍生出来的，这些杂志的特点是没有一个编委，但有一个评审专家库， 也就是说谁来评审，不是乱选的。
这些杂志主编，编辑也有相当大的权利。
这些是什么人呢？他们一般是读完博士，然后到非常好的实验室做博士后，这些人也许自己没有做出什么特别重大的贡献，没有什么好的文章，但他们欣赏能力特别好，文笔非常好，写得又快。
你可不要小看他们，虽然自己没有做出什么伟大的工作来，但他们的思想水平学术水平都相当不错，看得多，写得快，Nature、Science的编辑大同小异，都是这样一批年纪不大的人，很活跃，经常参加各种各样的会议和活动。
Science杂志的编辑权利相对小些，因为他们还有一个编委会editorial board，有相当大的权利。
一般过程是，当你的文章送到Science杂志社后，编辑先做一个初审，看一下是不是基本够格，然后他还要把文章的摘要Abstract送到编委会的某一个人那里，认可以后，才可以拿出去评审。
两道关卡，大部分文章一下子就这样被砍掉了。
PNAS杂志是美国科学院院刊，文章有好有坏，院士自己投稿就不需要经过评审，叫做contribute。
院士原来一年可以五篇，后来减到四篇、三篇，就是院士自己写的文章，只要你投就给你发表，不需要经过评审，相信你是院士，投科学论文应该有责任心的。
第二种叫做Communicate，不是院士自己的文章，是你的文章，院士觉得你的文章不错，他来给你通讯，投到PNAS杂志，这文章要评审，但是评审专家由院士自己来选。
所以这个也不怎么样。
还有一种叫Track C，就象一般杂志，你只要投过去，然后编辑部来给你选一个院士， 由他来找评审专家，相对来说，这比较客观些，所以Track C的文章质量就相对好一些。
我不是说院士的文章都很差，但院士有特权，可以把在其他杂志发不出去的文章，投到PNAS上去，所以在PNAS上有很多不怎么样的文章。
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你好，你说的Letter是nature等杂志中的一个版面，属于学术论文的一种体裁，意思上大致是：新闻快讯，动向快报。相应地，从字面上来看也可以知道，letter中的论文一般比较新颖，篇幅较短。此外类似地，还有article（即科研论文，侧重叙述、实验等的完整性，一般篇幅较长），review（即综述，总结整理相关研究领域的历史与前沿动态，在nature等高水平杂志中发表的综述往往是该领域的大牛科学家撰写的）等。
希望对你有所帮助。
