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2023-12-12 03:27 来源:学术参考网 作者:未知

短篇英语论文下载免费

推荐OA图书馆,里面查到论文都可以免费下载。
因为很多期刊为了提高被引率,都开始免费提供下载了。OA图书馆收集了这些资料,并制作了搜索引擎。你可以很方便的查到你想要的论文。
都是学术性的论文,搜索英文论文,需要你输入英文关键词就可以了。

要写毕业论文的外文翻译,谁能帮我下载份纯英文文献

先到百度文库,找一篇此类文档中文的,然后用有道翻译,或是谷歌在线翻译翻成英

文,然后把英文放上面,中文放下面。希望可以帮到你。如果要找标准的PDF格式外文文

献,可以在谷歌,用英文文献名+空格+PDF 这样比较容易找到。

第一是Google搜索,主要是英文,尤其是其学术搜索,意义大。

第二,通过各大学图书馆系统,进入几个主流的出版发行集团。

第三,利用网络免费储存、电子书系统。尤其是国外多。

 1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 
 2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录) 
 3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。 
 4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。  主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。 
 5、论文正文:  (1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。  〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:  a.提出-论点;  b.分析问题-论据和论证;  c.解决问题-论证与步骤;  d.结论。  
6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。  中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息  所列参考文献的要求是:  (1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。  (2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。

  一,选题要新颖。
  这次我的论文的成功,和高分,得到导师的赞许,都是因为我论文的选题新颖所给我带来的好处。最好涉及护理新领域,以及新进展,这样会给人耳目一新的感觉。

  二,大量文献做基础
  仔细查阅和你论文题目和研究范围相关的文献,大量的文献查阅会你的论文写作铺垫,借鉴别人的思路,和好的语言。而且在写作过程不会觉得语言平乏,当然也要自己一定的语言功底做基矗
  三,一气呵成
  做好充分的准备,不要每天写一些,每天改一些,这样会打断自己的思路,影响文章的连贯。

  四,尽量采用多的专业术语
  可能口语化的表达会给人带来亲切感,但论文是比较专业的形式,是有可能做为文献来查阅和检索的,所以论文语言的专业化,术语化会提升自己论文的水平。
  五,用正规格式书写
  参考正规的论文文献,论文格式。不要因为格式问题,而影响到你论文的质量。
  六,最好在计算机上完成写作过程
  如果有条件最好利用电脑来完成写作过程,好处以下几点:1,节省时间,无论打字的速度慢到什么程度,肯定要比手写的快。2,方便,大量的文献放在手边,一个一个查阅是很不方便的,文献都是用数据库编辑,所以都是在电脑上完成。提前先在电脑上摘要出重点,写出提纲,随时翻阅,方便写作。3,修改编辑,在电脑随时对文章进行修改编辑都是非常的方便。4,随时存档,写一段,存一段,防止突然停电,或者电脑当机。本人就是吃了这个大亏,一个晚上的劳动,差点就全没了,幸亏男友是电脑高手,帮我找回。否则就恨着电脑,哭死算了。
  七,成稿打印好交给导师
  无论你的字写的多么优美,还是按照惯例来,打印出的文字显的正规,而且交流不存在任何的问题,不会让导师因为看不懂你的龙飞凤舞,而低估你的论文。而且干净整洁,女孩子不仅注意自己的形象问题,书面的东西也反映你的修养和气质。
  八,听取导师意见,仔细修改
  导师会给你一些关于你论文建设性的意见,仔细参考,认真修改。毕竟导师是发表过多篇论文,有颇多的经验。

请问有谁知道免费的国外学术论文(英文)下载网站

OA图书馆是搜索Open Access资源的网站,里面有大量新的高质量论文,可以以被查到。

任何一篇英美短篇小说的英语论文

《呼啸山庄》人物关系结构

Title:
Catherine's dilemma between love and marriage in Wuthering Heights
——The Psychoanalysis of love triangle relationship with Freud’s theory of personality

Abstract:
Wuthering Heights tells a story of superhuman love and revenge enacted on the English moors. In this thesis, an attempt is made to analyze the love triangle relationship which leads to Catherine's dilemma between love and marriage in Wuthering Heights by virtue of Freud’s theory of personality.

Key words:
Wuthering Heights Freud’s theory of personality love triangle relationship

In Catherine's heart she knows what is right, but chooses what is wrong. It is her wrong decision that pushes her into the inextricable [LunWenJia.Com]dilemma between her love and marriage; it is her wrong choice that plunges the two families into chaos. In the mind, she is truly out of her way.

According to Sigmund Freud(1856—1939), the structure of the mind or personality consists three portions: the id, the ego, and the superego.“The id, which is the reservoir of biological impulses, constitutes the entire personality of the infant at birth. Its principle of operation, to guard the person from painful tension, is termed the pleasure principle. Inevitable frustrations of the id, together with what the child learns from his encounters with external reality, generate the ego, which is essentially a mechanism to minimize frustrations of the biological drives in the long run. It operates according to the reality principle … [LunWenNet.Com]The superego comprises the conscience, a partly conscious system of introjected moral inhibitions, and the ego-ideal, the source of the individual's standards for his own behavior. Like external reality, from which it derives, the superego often presents obstacles to the satisfaction of biological drives.”“In the mentally healthy person, these three systems form a unified and harmon
ious organization. Conversely, when the three systems of personality are at odds with one another the person is said to be maladjusted.” Here Catherine's tragic psychological process may be well illustrated by Freudian psychoanalysis.

“I cannot express it; but surely you and everybody have a notion that there is, or should be, an existence of yours beyond you. What were the use of my creation, if I were entirely contained here?” Catherine's strange words reflect that the intelligent Emily Bronte had been earlier pondering over a same question in her work. What on earth is“the existence of Catherine's beyond Catherine”?

Here we may believe that Heathcliff stands for Catherine's instinctual nature and the strongest desire—her “id” in the depths of her soul; Edgar, her ideal “superego”, represents another part of her personality: the well-bred gracefulness and the superiority of a wealthy family; and she, herself is the “ego” tortured by the friction between the two in the disharmonious situation.

In the light of Freud's theory of personality, “the superego is the representation in the personality of the traditional values and ideals of society as they are handed down from parents to children.” Catherine's choice of Edgar as her husband is to satisfy her ideal “superego” to get wealth and high social position, which are the symbol of her class, on the basis of the education by her family and reality from her early childhood. She is a Miss of a noble family with a long history of about three hundred years. Only the marriage well-matched in social and economic status could be a satisfaction for all: her family, the society and even her practical self. “It would degrade me to many Heathcliff now ... if Heathcliff and I married, we should be beggars?” This is her actual worry for her future. Catherine yields to the pressure from her brother, and alike, in truth, she is yielding to the moral rules of society, without the approval and identification of which, she could not live a better life or even exist i
n it at all.

However, Catherine underestimates what her other more intrinsic self would have effect on her. The most remarkable claim by Catherine herself may be the best convincing evidence to distinguish the different roles of Heathcliff and Edgar—her “id” and her “superego”:

“My great miseries in this world have been Heathcliff's miseries, and I watched and felt each from the beginning: my great thought in living is himself. If all else perished, and he remained, I should still continue to be; and if all else perished, and he was annihilated, the universe would turn to a mighty stranger: I should not seem a part of it. My love for Linton is like foliage in the woods: time will change it. I'm well aware, as winter changes the trees. My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath: a source of little visible delight, but necessary. Nelly, I'm Heathcliff! He's always, always in my mind: not as a pleasure and more than I am always a pleasure to me, but as my own being. So don't talk of our separation again: it is impracticable.”

It was a happy thought to make her love the kind, wealthy, weak, elegant Edgar, yet in submission to her superego to oppose against her id, she would fall into a loss of the self. Since the id is the most primitive basis of personality, and the ego is formed out of the id, Catherine's life depends wholly on Heathcliff, as the whole connotation and truth of her life in the cosmic world, for its existence and further more for the significance of her existence. Heathcliff is the most necessary part of her being. She marries Edgar, but Heathcliff still clutches her soul in his passionate embrace. Although she is a bit ashamed of her early playmate, she loves him with a passionate abandonment that sets culture, education, the world at defiance. Catherine's wrong choice for marriage violates her inner desires. The choice is a victory for self-indulgence—a sacrifice of primary to secondary things. And she pays for it.

On one hand, Catherine doesn't find the heavenly happiness she was longing for. Though as a girl “full of ambition”and “to be the greatest woman of the neighborhood” would be her pride, the enviable marriage could only flatter her vanity for a second. After her marriage, the comfortable and peaceful life in the Grange was just a monotonous and lifeless confinement of her soul. She feels chocked by the artificial and unnatural conditions in the closed Thrushcross Grange— a world in which the mind has hardened and become unalterable.“If I were in heaven, Nelly, I should be extremely miserable. ” Catherine eventually knows that the Lintons' heaven is not her ideal heaven. She and Heathcliff really possess their common heaven. Just as Catherine says,“Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same; and Linton's is as different as a moonbeam from lightning, or frost from fire.”

Catherine doesn't want to live in the Lintons' heaven; on the other hand, she has lost her own paradise that she ever had with Heathcliff on the bare hard moor in their childhood. The deepest bent of her nature announces her destiny—a wanderer between the two worlds. When she is alive, she occupies a position midway between the two. She belongs in a sense to both and is constantly drawn first in Heathcliff's direction, then in Edgar's, and then in Heathcliff's again and at last she loses herself completely. Her childish illusion to use her husband's money to aid Heatllcliff to rise out of her brother's power has vanished in thin air. And her constant struggle to reconcile two irreconcilable ways of life is in vain too, which only caused more disorder in the two worlds and in herself as well.

In Freudian principles, should the ego continually fail in its task of satisfying the demands of the id, these three factors together—the painful repression of the id's instinctual desires, the guilt conscience of revolt against the superego's wishes, and the frustration of failure in finding outlets in the external world- would contribute to ever-increasing anxiety. The anxiety piles up and finally overwhelms the person. When this happens, the person is said to leave hallucinatory wish-fulfillment, then a nervous radical breakdown, and in the end may finish the person off. Catherine is destroyed into psychic fragmentation by the friction between the two. At the height of her Edgan-Heathcliff torment, Catherine lies delirious on the floor at the Grange. She dreams that she is back in her own old bed at Wuthering Heights “enclosed in the oak-paneled bed at home, and my heart ached with some great grief…my misery arose from the separation that Hindley had ordered between me and Heathcliff.”Still dreaming, she t
ries to push back the panels of the oak bed, only to find herself touching the table and the carpet at the Grange:“My late anguish was swallowed in a paroxysm of despair. I cannot say why I was so wildly wretched ... and my all in all, as Heathcliff was at that time, and been converted at a stroke into Mrs. Linton...the wife of a stranger: an exile, and outcast.” She attempts to forget the lengthy days of years of life without her soul even in her temporary derangement.“Most strangely, the whole last seven years of my life grew a blank! I did not recall that they had been at all.” Her mental and physical decay rapidly leads to the body's mortal end. She dies and seems to have none into perfect peace.

But even after her death, she is still a wandering ghost. In Chapter 3, Lockwood, the lodger in Catherine's oak-paneled bed at Wuthering Heights dreams about the little wailing ghost:

“The intense horror of nightmare came over me: I tried to draw back my arm, but the hand clung to it, and a most melancholy voice sobbed, ‘Let me in-Let me in’.‘ Who are you?’…‘Catherine Linton’, it replied, shiveringly…‘I'm come home: I'd lost my way on the moor!’…Terror made me cruel; and finding it useless to attempt shaking the creature off, I pulled its wrist on to the broken pane, and rubbed it to and fro till then blood ran down and soaked the bedclothes: still it wailed, ‘Let me in!’…it is twenty years, twenty years. I've been a waif for twenty years!”

Catherine aspires to be back in her heaven even being a spirit. But leer self-deceptive decision has made her fall from her and Heathcliff's heaven full of demonic love and her never docile or submissive nature has drawn her out of her and Edgar's heaven filled with civilized emptiness in the meantime. She pushes herself into her tragedy, the endless dilemma between her love and marriage, which won't end up with her death.

Bibliography:
1.Bronte Emily,Wuthering Heights,Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,London:Oxford University Press 1995
2.Freud Sigmund,Interpretation of Dreams,Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press 2001
3.Travis Trysh,Heathcliff and Cathy,the Dysfunctional Couple,The Chronicle of Higher Education,Washington,2001
4.Steinitz Rebecca,Diaries and Displacement in Wuthering Heights,Studies in the Novel,Denton,2000

里面有你需要的英语论文,我载老一篇,不合适切看下嘛,呵呵!!!

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