Journal of Management in Engineering《工程管理杂志》美国
ASCE（美国土木工程师学会）旗下期刊
ISSN: 0893-1321，1988年创刊，每年4期，American Society of Civil Engineers,USA出版。
侧重刊载土木工程在空间与地面工程中应用方面的研究论文。涉及月球土壤力学、载人空间设施设计的环境因素、航空航天设施与材料、先进能源系统、地球外施工与资源开发，以及遥感应用、计算流体动力学、机器人应用等。
Journal of management studies(管理研究杂志)还不能算顶级期刊，只能算管理领域类杂志top下面的一流期刊
顶尖（A级）管理类英文期刊
1Academy of management journal管理科学学报
2Academy of management review管理学会评论
3Administrative science quarterly行政科学季刊
4American Journal of sociology美国社会科学杂志
5American sociological review美国社会学评论
6Journal of applied psychology应用心理学杂志
7Journal of international business studies国际商业研究杂志
8Organization science组织科学
9Research in organizational behavior组织行为研究
10Strategic management journal战略管理杂志
Strategic Human Capital
Not all managers are equally suited to all business situations. The strategic skills required to control costs in the face of fierce price competition are not the same as those required to improve the top line in a rapidly growing business or balance investment against cash flow to survive in a highly cyclical business. Such skills are usually transferable to new environments - and are the most portable type of human capital other than general management skills - but they won't offer an advantage if the strategic needs of the company don't match the manager's skills. When the telecommunications industry was deregulated and challenged by new entrants, for instance, few former Bell System managers were able to successfully transition to the fast-moving, entrepreneurial, growth-oriented environment, despite being seasoned veterans of what was considered one of America's best-managed companies.
By the 1990s, GE's Appliance and Lighting businesses required careful attention to costs given mature industries and highly unionized labor forces. Its Aircraft Engines, Power Systems, Industrial Systems, and Transportation Systems businesses were cyclical and required careful management of capital. GE Capital, Plastics, Medical Systems, and NBC were areas of growth, whether organic or through globalization or acquisitions.
By coding our GE managers' résumés, we were able to determine their strategic skills and categorize these individuals as cost controllers, growers, or cycle managers on the basis of their line management experience at GE. Using S&P industry reports, we then coded the strategic challenges facing each new company the former GE managers were hired into. Nine of the 20 executive transitions we studied involved strategic skill matches, meaning that, for instance, a savvy cost-cutter was hired into a company where cost management would turn out to be the key driver of success. The other 11 constituted mismatches. When the strategic need matched the strategic experience of the hired GE executive, companies saw annualized abnormal returns of 14.1%, while mismatched pairings saw returns of ?39.8%. (See the exhibit "The Impact of Fit.")
战略性人力资本并非所有经理人都同样适合于所有企业的情况. 战略所需技能,以控制成本,在激烈的价格竞争,是不相同 需要改进的顶线在一个迅速增长的业务或平衡投资对现金流生存 高度周期性业务. 这种技巧通常转移到新的环境,是最便携型人力资本以外 一般管理技能,但他们不会提供一个有利的战略需求,该公司不配合 经理人的技能. 当电信业放松管制和挑战的新加入者,比如, 前几个钟系统管理者能够成功地过渡到快速移动,创业,成长的环境, 尽管老练的老兵何种行为会被视为是美国管理最佳的公司之一. 到1990年 通用电器和照明企业需要注意成本,成熟产业和高度工会劳动力. 其飞机引擎,电力系统,工业系统,交通系统业务是周期性的,需要小心地管理资金. 葛资本,塑料,医疗系统,及NBC分别增长领域,不论是有机或通过全球化或收购. 编码,我们葛经理人的简历, 我们能够决定自己的战略技巧和分类,这些人作为成本控制,种植者, 或周期管理的基础上根据自己的管理经验时葛. 用标准普尔产业报告 然后我们编码的战略挑战,每一个新的公司前经理葛被雇用. 9 20个行政过渡,我们研究了涉及战略技能比赛,也就是说,比如 悟性成本刀具被网罗成为公司的管理成本,反而是关键驱动力 成功. 其余的11家构成话题. 当战略需要相应的战略经验的聘请葛长官 公司出现异常年均回报为14.1% ,而配对相合看到回报? 39.8% . (见"的展览的影响,符合" ) .
Analysis of the development of third-party logistics
Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "
Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance.
Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company.
According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.
First, the advantages of using a third-party logistics
The use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in:
1, focus on core business
Manufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their core energy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.
2, cost-saving
Professional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of 1.18 percent, the average flow of goods from 7.1 days to 3.9 days, stock 8.2% lower.
3, reduction of inventory
Third-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages.
4, enhance the corporate image
Third-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition.
Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics management
The purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price at the right time and suitable sites available to customers.
Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer service purposes.
Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems in
While third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to:
1, resistance to change
Many companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In particular, some state-owned enterprises, were
Flow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.
2, lack of awareness
For third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in the competition.
3, fear of losing control
As a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over to others, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies.
4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexity
Supply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practical business, including the integration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal information system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate.
5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factors
Accurately measure the cost of information technology, logistics and human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability.
Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but in practical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence.
Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered
A successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy.
China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:
1, operating model
At present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. The establishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domestic logistics enterprises.
2, the lack of storage or transport capacity
The primary function of logistics is to create time and space utility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers.
3, network problems
There are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regional branches of the density problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises.
4, information technology
The world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computer information network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises must increase investment in information systems can change their market position.
Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trends in the development of enterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends to major aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of an efficient global third party logistics inputs required for increasing the capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities.
这是我找的一篇关于第三方物流的外文文献，出处不详，没找到...
