机械工程Mechanical Engineering
摘要：
机械工程是为国民经济建设和社会发展提供各类机械装备和生产制造技术以创造物质财富和提高社会文明水准的工程领域。其工程硕士学位授权单位培养从事机械设备设计、生产制造、检测与控制、使用及维修的高级工程技术人才。研修的主要课程有：政治理论课、外语课、高等工程数学、高等工程力学、现代设计理论与方法、现代制造技术及自动化、现代控制论基础、现代试验技术、电子与信息技术基础、现代材料学、现代管理学基础，以及适当选择与行业相关的专业机械的研究、设计和制造等课程。
一、概述
机械工程是为国民经济建设和社会发展提供各类机械装备和生产制造技术以创造物质财富和提高社会文明水准的重要工程领域，是与人类社会活动关系十分密切、应用非常广泛的工程领域。它是一个传统的工程领域，自人类有史以来，就为生产活动所关注，第一次工业革命、第二次工业革命乃至当前的信息革命，无不直接或间接地同机械工程的发展有密切关系；它也是一个发展迅速的工程领域，随着电子技术、自动化技术、计算机及软件技术、材料科学的发展和渗透，充实和丰富了本领域的基础，拓宽和发展了本领域的研究范畴，并促进机械产品和生产过程向精密化、自动化、智能化、连续化、高效化、集成化方向发展。
本领域涉及机械设计、制造、试验、使用、维修等基础理论、技术和方法。并与材料工程、动力工程、电气工程、电子与信息工程、控制工程、计算机技术、工业设计工程等工程领域及力学学科密切相关。
二、培养目标
培养从事机械设备设计、生产制造、检测及控制、使用及维修的高级工程技术人才。
机械工程领域工程硕士要求掌握现代机械设计基础理论和方法、现代制造技术（包括工艺过程、制造加工设备及系统）、现代控制理论和方法、机电液一体化技术、试验技术、机械性能分析技术、使用维修理论及技术。具有从事新产品开发设计能力、生产工艺设计及实施能力、生产设备管理及使用维修能力。
三、领域范围
由于工程硕士直接为工矿企业和交通运输部门培养高层次工程技术人才，行业特征应该比较突出。行业的覆盖面归纳起来可分为：机械制造设备及生产系统；
工程施工机械及生产系统，材料、化工等专用生产设备及生产系统，起重、运输车辆及物流系统，农业生产机械等。
根据工程技术人员工作性质，领域范围可分为：机械设备的设计、开发，机械设备的制造及管理，机械设备的质量控制、性能检测、试验和特性分析，生产设备管理、使用、保养和维修。
四、课程设置
基础课：科学社会主义理论、自然辩证法、外语、高等工程数学、高等工程力学、计算机技术应用及程序设计等。
技术基础课：现代设计理论与方法、现代制造技术及其自动化、现代控制论基础、现代试验技术、电子与信息技术基础、现代材料学、现代管理学基础等。
专业课：根据服务的行业确定，如化工机械、冶金机械、农业机械、工程机械、车辆工程及与各工程领域密切相关的课程等。由培养单位与合作企业根据实际需要确定。
上述课程可定为学位课程和非学位课程。此外，还可以根据实际情况进行不同的组合和设置。课程学习总学分不少于28个学分。
五、学位论文
结合企业的实际课题进行研究工作，根据研究结果撰写论文。对于新产品设计与开发的技术成果，论文应该具有设计方案的比较、评估，设计计算书，完整的图纸；对于重大技术改造和革新的成果，应该具有对原设备与技术的评价，改造和革新方案的评述及结果的技术和经济效果分析；对于产品质量控制和试验的成果，必须有试验方案、完整的实验数据、数据处理分析方法、结果分析；对于生产设备管理成果，必须给出新的管理理论体系，对企业产量和质量作效果分析，并给出创新管理信息系统等。
Mechanical Engineering
Abstract：
Mechanical Engineering concerns various types of machinery and manufacturing equipment used to create property and improve the standard of living. The department which grants master‘s degrees prepares students for careers as high-level engineers， specializing in mechanical design， production manufacturing， measurement and control， operation and maintenance. The program includes political theory， foreign language， advanced mathematics， advanced mechanics， design theory and methods， manufacturing techniques and automation， control fundamentals， experimental techniques， electrical and information fundamentals， material properties， management tools and other courses related to research， design and manufacturing of machinery in various specialties.
I. Introduction
Mechanical engineering， an important and widely applied engineering field closely related to people‘s social activities， provides manufacturing technologies and equipment to create material wealth and promote social progress in the construction of China’s national economy. As a traditional engineering field since the beginning of human history， mechanical engineering has always been the focus of all kinds of production activities. For instance， the First and Second Industrial Revolutions， as well as the present Information Revolution， are all directly or indirectly related to its development. Mechanical engineering is also a rapidly developing field. With the growth and permeation of electronic technology， automation technology， computer and software technique， material science， the foundation of the field has been enriched； the research in this field has been broadened and developed. Therefore， mechanical products and production processes are promoted to develop toward precision， automation， intelligence， progression， integration and high efficiency.
Involving a wide range of basic theories and methods such as mechanical design， manufacture， testing， application， maintenance， technique and method， mechanical engineering has a close tie to material engineering， power engineering， electric engineering， electronics and information engineering， control engineering， computer technique， and industrial design engineering.
II. Program Objectives
The specialty of mechanical engineering aims to train senior engineers to be engaged in the design， manufacture， measurement， control， application and maintenance of mechanical equipment. Graduate is required to grasp basic theories and methods of mechanical design， modern control， modern manufacture technology （including both technological process and machining equipment）， as well as technology in mechanic-electronic-hydraulic integration， testing technology， mechanical performance analysis， theory and technology for application and maintenance. He must also have the capabilities of developing new products， designing and implementing production processes and managing， operating and maintaining production equipment.
III. Scope of the Field
1. With distinctive trade characteristics， mechanical engineering can be categorized as follows：
manufacturing equipment and production system，
construction machinery and production system for architectural and civil engineering，
special production equipment and system for material and chemical engineering，
crane， transportation vehicle and logistic system，
agricultural production machinery，etc.
2. In terms of the specific work of engineers， it is composed of the following branches：
design and development of machinery and equipment，
manufacturing and management of machinery and equipment，
quality control， performance measurement， testing and analysis of the property of machinery and equipment，
management， operation， and maintenance of machinery and equipment.
IV. Curriculum
Basic courses：
scientific socialism， dialectics of nature， foreign language， higher engineering mathematics， higher engineering mechanics， computer application technique， design of computer software， etc.
Basic technical courses：
modern design theory and method， modern manufacturing technology and automation， fundamentals of modern control， modern experimental technique， fundamentals of electrical and information technology， modern material science， modern management science， etc.
Specialized courses：
specialized courses are selected according to actual requirements of the home enterprise through negotiation with the training unit. Tentative choices include chemical engineering machinery， metallurgy machinery， agricultural machinery， construction machinery， vehicle engineering or other related courses.
The above courses can be chosen as degree or non-degree courses. They can be added or lifted in accordance with the requirements of the home enterprise. The total credits must be no less than twenty-eight.
V. Thesis
Research is carried out on actual projects of the home enterprise， on which the thesis is based. Theses dealing with design of new products and technical development must contain comparison and evaluation of design schemes， documents for design and calculation， and full drawings. Those focusing on important technical advance and revolution must include evaluation of the former equipment and technique， introduction to the improved scheme and analysis of technical and economic results. Those on product quality control and experiments must incorporate testing schemes， complete testing data， methods for analysis of the data and discussions of the results. Those on management of production equipment must present new theoretical systems for management， effect analysis of the output and product quality， together with new information systems for management.
Electric Automation 电气自动化
ELECTRIC AUTOMATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ADJUSTING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE ELECTRIC AUTOMATION DEVICE
The invention relates to an electric automation device comprising a control unit that is controlled by a computer. In order to create an automation device that can be set to predefined functions in a particularly flexible manner while requiring less testing, a computer hardware component (2) is provided with control software comprising a basic functional area which includes an operating system (3), a device driver (4), and communication modules (5) so as to form a basic automation device (1) while the basic automation device (1) is complemented with any application modules (7a, 7b, 7c, 8, 9) that can be connected to the basic functional area via a software interface (6) in order to obtain the automation device. The invention also relates to a method for producing or adjusting the functions of such an electric automation device.
电气自动化专业介绍
一、专业概况
随着高新技术的发展和生产自动化程度的提高，我国国民经济发展，正在和继续需要大批技术应用型实用人才。电气自动化技术是现代制造技术中不可缺少的重要技术门类，也是一个国家科技实力乃至综合竞争力的综合反映，在工业发展中具有前导地位。电气自动化技术，集机、电、计算机、信息处理等多学科于一体，是多学科相互交叉、渗透、结系淖酆涎Э疲?诠?窬?媒ㄉ柚姓加兄匾?牡匚弧R虼耍?梢运档缙?远??际跏嵌ヌ炝⒌氐氖乱担?枪?窬?梅⒄购腿嗣裆?钏?教岣叩奈镏侍跫?? ?br>
（一）、培养目标本专业培养德、智、体、美、劳全面发展，具有良好职业道德和综合业务素质，具备较强的创新意识和创业能力，掌握电气自动化技术、计算机控制技术的基础理论，能在生产、建设、管理、服务第一线从事常用电气自动化设备、常用电气设备、供配电系统和装置、计算机控制系统、PLC控制系统的安装、调试、运行和维护的实用型高技能专门人才。
（二）、培养要求及职业能力分析
1、培养要求：本专业主要学习电气自动化的专业技术知识，应具有较强的本专业技术应用能力。
2、职业能力分析
（1）具有良好的身体素质、职业道德和人文素质，较强的语言文字表达能力和一定的社会交往能力及继续学习能力。
（2）具有较强的用英语进行人际和人机交流能力，具有阅读和翻译本专业有关英文资料的能力。
（3）具有较强的在信息化社会中工作、学习、生活所必备的计算机应用能力；熟练使用电子电气CAD软件；掌握一门程序设计语言。
（4）具有分析和测试常见的电工电子线路，能设计一般电工电子应用线路，能熟练使用常规电工电子仪器、仪表，具有熟练的电工基本操作技能。
（5）熟悉常用低压电器的基本原理及使用；能熟练阅读电气控制线路的原理图与接线图；具有对常规电气设备、供配电设备等电气控制系统进行安装、调试、维护能力。
（6）具有正确选用、安装、调试、维护电力电子装置和典型交、直流调速系统的能力。
（7）具有熟练的可编程控制器应用能力。
（8）具有以嵌入式计算机数字控制技术为核心的新技术基本应用能力，对相应控制系统具有调试维护能力。
（9）具有对一般的机械零件图、产品装配图与机械、液压和气压传动系统回路的识读能力，了解常用机械设备的结构特点及工艺过程，了解常见的机械和电气的配合关系。
（10）了解企业管理的基本知识，具有一定的质量意识。
（三）、课程设置
课程设置共分五部分：公共必修课、专业必修课、专业限定选修课、专业选修课及公共选修课。
1、公共必修课包括：思想道德修养、法律基础、邓小平理论、马克思主义哲学、体育、英语、高等数学、计算机操作基础等。
2、专业必修课包括：电工基础、模拟电子技术、数字电子技术、电机及拖动基础、机械制图及公差、机械工程基础、嵌入式计算机原理及应用、C语言程序设计、自动检测与转换技术、现代电力电子技术、可编程序控制器应用、自动控制原理与系统、C语言、工厂电气控制技术、电子电气CAD、变配电技术、变频调速原理与应用、工业控制网络、DSP原理与应用及专业英语等。其中主干课程为：电工基础、模拟电子技术、数字电子技术、电机及拖动基础、嵌入式计算机原理及应用、自动检测与转换技术、现代电力电子技术、可编程序控制器应用、自动控制原理与系统等。
3、专业限选课包括：计算机控制技术、工业自动化仪表、控制电机、智能控制等。
4专业任选课包括：电工电子工艺、多媒体技术、楼宇自动化、计算机系统仿真、计算机维修、程序设计（VB）等。
5、公共选修课包括：包括两个能力模块：经济管理科学类和人文与社会科学类。
（四）、实践教学环节
1、专业主要实践教学包括：电工实验、模拟电子技术实验、数字电子技术实验、电机与电力拖动实验、可编程序控制器应用实验、嵌入式计算机原理实验、现代电力电子技术实验、电工基础课程设计、电子技术课程设计、嵌入式计算机原理课程设计、可编程序控制器应用课程设计、自控系统课程设计、综合系统实训、金工实习、电工电子实习、专业参观、综合生产实习、毕业设计等。
2、非专业实践教学包括：入学教育、军训、暑期社会实践、社团活动、体育活动、文艺活动等。
（五）、职业技能证书
本专业证书包含三个方面：
1、公共必修证书：PET、计算机一级证书。
2、专业必修证书：CAD初级、维修电工中级。
3、任选证书：CET四级证书、计算机三级证书(单片机方向）、CAD中级证书、维修电工高级证书、气液电控制技术。
（六）、本专业师资力量
学院拥有一支学术造诣高、教学经验丰富、实践能力强的师资队伍。电气自动化技术专业现有师资26人，其中副高职称以上有17人，“双师型”教师10人。能够满足公共基础课、专业基础课和专业课的理论及实践教学的需要。
二、职业前景
1、对口行业
电气自动化技术是传统而具有新内涵的专业，本专业培养拥护党的基本路线，德、智、体、美等全面发展，具备从事电气自动化技术所需要的理论知识和职业技术能力，主要在生产、建设、服务和管理等第一线工作的高级技术应用性专门人才。本专业的毕业生可就职于国防、航天、航空、航海、铁道、机械、轻工、化工、电子、电力、电信、钢铁、石油、矿山、煤炭、地质、勘测等广泛的工业、农业、科学研究领域，也可就职于现代物流及现代服务业。
2、就业前景
在上海市经济委员会的《上海制造业战略升级的行动纲要》中指出：加快推动制造业的战略升级是贯彻党的十六大精神，坚定地走新型工业化道路，实现向制造业强国转变的国家战略需要，也是上海建立新型产业体系，提高城市综合竞争力，坚持“四个中心”的客观要求。上海制造业战略升级的重点包括：高新技术产业重点发展电子信息和现代生物与现代医药制造业；交通运输设备制造业重点发展汽车、轨道交通、船舶、民用飞机；装备制造业重点发展大型成套设备、电站设备、新能源和新型环保设备制造业；原材料制造业重点发展石油化工和精细化工、精品钢材制造业；生产性服务业重点发展制造业物流、技术服务等产业；大力发展就业广、清洁型的都市型工业。根据电气自动化的内涵，上述产业无不包含电气自动化技术，同时也对电气自动化技术专业的人才提出了更高的要求。据上海市政府组织的《面向新世纪上海紧缺人才需求趋势与开发研究对策》的报告显示，复合型技术人才是紧缺的专业人才，而电气自动化技术专业是培养复合型技术人才的有效载体。可以预见在未来数年内，电气自动化专业毕业生就业前景良好。
1） 机械技术 机械技术是机电一体化的基础，机械技术的着眼点在于如何与机电一体化技术相适应，利用其它高、新技术来更新概念，实现结构上、材料上、性能上的变更，满足减小重量、缩小体积、提高精度、提高刚度及改善性能的要求。在机电一体化系统制造过程中，经典的机械理论与工艺应借助于计算机辅助技术，同时采用人工智能与专家系统等，形成新一代的机械制造技术。
（2） 计算机与信息技术
其中信息交换、存取、运算、判断与决策、人工智能技术、专家系统技术、神经网络技术均属于计算机信息处理技术。
（3） 系统技术
系统技术即以整体的概念组织应用各种相关技术，从全局角度和系统目标出发，将总体分解成相互关联的若干功能单元，接口技术是系统技术中一个重要方面，它是实现系统各部分有机连接的保证。
（4） 自动控制技术
其范围很广，在控制理论指导下，进行系统设计，设计后的系统仿真，现场调试，控制技术包括如高精度定位控制、速度控制、自适应控制、自诊断校正、补偿、再现、检索等。
（5） 传感检测技术
传感检测技术是系统的感受器官，是实现自动控制、自动调节的关键环节。其功能越强，系统的自动化程序就越高。现代工程要求传感器能快速、精确地获取信息并能经受严酷环境的考验，它是机电一体化系统达到高水平的保证。
（6） 伺服传动技术 包括电动、气动、液压等各种类型的传动装置，伺服系统是实现电信号到机械动作的转换装置与部件、对系统的动态性能、控制质量和功能有决定性的影响。
机电一体化系统组成
1.机械本体 机械本体包括机架、机械连接、机械传动等，它是机电一体化的基础，起着支撑系统中其他功能单元、传递运动和动力的作用。与纯粹的机械产品相比，机电一体化系统的技术性能得到提高、功能得到增强，这就要求机械本体在机械结构、材料、加工工艺性以及几何尺寸等方面能够与之相适应，具有高效、多功能、可靠和节能、小型、轻量、美观的特点。
2.检测传感部分 检测传感部分包括各种传感器及其信号检测电路，其作用就是检测机电一体化系统工作过程中本身和外界环境有关参量的变化，并将信息传递给电子控制单元，电子控制单元根据检查到的信息向执行器发出相应的控制。
3.电子控制单元 电子控制单元又称ECU（Electrical Control Unit ），是机电一体化系统的核心，负责将来自各传感器的检测信号和外部输入命令进行集中、存储、计算、分析，根据信息处理结果，按照一定的程度和节奏发出相应的指令，控制整个系统有目的地进行。
4.执行器 执行器的作用是根据电子控制单元的指令驱动机械部件的运动。执行器是运动部件，通常采用电力驱动、气压驱动和液压驱动等几种方式。
5.动力源 动力源是机电一体化产品能量供应部分，其作用是按照系统控制要求向机械系统提供能量和动力使系统正常运行。提供能量的方式包括电能、气能和液压能，以电能为主。
机电一体化主要课程
机械方面：机械制图，机械设计，工程材料，工程力学，数控编程技术，autoCAD，Mastercam软件，C#
电工方面：可编程控制器PLC，单片机，自动控制原理，数字电路，电工电子
实习课程：电力拖动，PLC，单片机，钳工，普通车、铣、刨床，数控车、铣，加工中心
本专业的培养目标
本专业培养德、智、体、美全面发展，具有创业、创新精神和良好职业道德的高等专门人才，掌握机械技术和电气技术的基础理论和专业知识；具备相应实践技能以及较强的实际工作能力，熟练进行机电一体化产品和设备的应用、维护、安装、调试、销售及管理的第一线高等技术应用型人才。
本专业职业面向
机电一体化专业是一个宽口径专业，适应范围很广，学生在校期间除学习各种机械、电工电子、计算机技术、控制技术、检测传感等理论知识外，还将参加各种技能培训和国家职业资格证书考试，充分体现重视技能培养的特点。学生毕业后主要面向珠江三角洲各企业、公司，从事加工制造业，家电生产和售后服务，数控加工机床设备使用维护，物业自动化管理系统，机电产品设计、生产、改造、技术支持，以及机电设备的安装、调试、维护、销售、经营管理等等。
1、主要就业岗位：机电一体化设备的安装、调试、维修、销售及管理；普通机床的数控化改装等。
2、次要就业岗位：机电一体化产品的设计、生产、改造、技术服务等。
1) Mechanical Technology Mechanical Technology is the basis of mechatronics, mechanical technology focus is on how to adapt to mechanical and electrical integration technologies, the use of other high and new technology to update the concept, implementation, structure, materials, performance changes, meet the reduced weight, smaller size, higher precision, improved rigidity and improved performance requirements. Mechatronic systems in the manufacturing process, the classical theory and technology should be by means of mechanical computer-aided technology, while use of artificial intelligence and expert systems, the formation of a new generation of mechanical manufacturing technology.
(2) Computer and Information Technology
Including information exchange, access, operation, judging and decision making, artificial intelligence, expert system, neural networks belong to the computer information processing technologies.
(3) System Technology
System technology that is the whole concept of application of relevant technology organizations, from a global perspective and the system objective, will generally be broken down into a number of interrelated functional unit, the interface technology is an important aspect of system technology, it is to achieve the organic parts of a system guarantee the connection.
(4) Automatic control technology
Its scope is broad, under the guidance of the control theory, system design, system simulation after design, site commissioning, control technology, including such high-precision positioning control, speed control, adaptive control, self-diagnostic calibration, compensation, representation and retrieval .
(5) sensing technique
Sensing technique is a system of receptors is to achieve automatic control, automatic adjustment of the key links. Its function is stronger, the higher the system's automated process. Engineering requirements of modern sensors can quickly and accurately access information and able to withstand the harsh environment of the test, it is the mechanical and electrical integration systems to achieve a high level of assurance.
(6) servo drive technology, including electric, pneumatic, hydraulic and other types of transmission, servo system is the conversion of electrical signals into mechanical motion devices and components, the dynamic performance of the system, control the quality and functionality have a decisive impact.
Composed of mechatronic systems
1. Mechanical body mechanical body, including racks, mechanical connection, such as mechanical drive, which is the basis of mechanical and electrical integration, play a support system of other functional units, the role of motion and power transmission. Compared with the purely mechanical products, electrical and mechanical integration of the technical performance of the system is improved, functionality is enhanced, which requires mechanical body in the mechanical structure, materials, processing technology and other aspects of geometry can be corresponding with high efficiency, versatile, reliable and energy-saving, small, lightweight and beautiful features.
2. Detection sensor part of the detection sensor part includes a variety of sensors and signal detection circuit, and its role is to detect the process of mechatronic systems work itself and the external environment-related changes in parameters, and information to the electronic control unit, electronic According to the control unit checks the information given to the corresponding control actuators.
3. Electronic control unit Electronic Control Unit, also known as ECU (Electrical Control Unit), is the core of mechatronic systems, responsible for the detection of each sensor from the external input command signal and concentration, memory, calculation, analysis, information processing based on the results of according to a certain extent and pace of issuing the appropriate command, control the entire system destination.
4. The role of actuators actuators are based on order-driven electronic control unit movement of mechanical parts. Actuators are moving parts, usually electric, pneumatic and hydraulic drives and other drives in several ways.
5. Power source power source is the energy supply part of the mechatronic product, its role is in accordance with the requirements of the system control to provide energy to the mechanical system and power to make the system work properly. Way to provide energy, including electricity, gas, energy and hydraulic energy to electrical energy based.
Main Courses Mechatronics
Mechanical aspects: mechanical drawing, mechanical design, engineering materials, engineering mechanics, numerical control programming, autoCAD, Mastercam software, C #
Electrical: the programmable logic controller PLC, MCU, automatic control theory, digital circuits, electrical and electronic
Internship Program: electric drive, PLC, MCU, fitter, general turning, milling, planer, NC, milling, processing center
The training goal
The professional training moral, intellectual, physical, and aesthetic development, entrepreneurial, innovative spirit and good professional ethics of higher expertise, mechanical technology and electrical technology to master the basic theory and professional knowledge; have the appropriate practical skills and a strong practical work capacity, skilled mechanical and electrical integration of the application of products and equipment, maintenance, installation, commissioning, sales and management of the first line of high technology talents.
The professional career-oriented
Mechatronics is a wide caliber professionals to adapt to a wide range of students in school during the addition to learning a variety of mechanical, electrical and electronic, computer technology, control technology, sensing, detection theory, will also participate in various skills training and National Vocational Qualification Certificate Examination, fully embodies the characteristics of attention to skills development. Primarily for students in the Pearl River Delta after graduating from business, the company engaged in processing and manufacturing, household appliance manufacturing and service, CNC machine tool equipment maintenance, property management systems automation, electrical and mechanical product design, production, transformation, technical support, and mechanical and electrical equipment installation, commissioning, maintenance, sales, management and so on.
1, the main jobs: mechanical and electrical integration, equipment installation, commissioning, maintenance, sales and management; common modification of CNC machine tools and so on.
2, secondary jobs: mechatronics product design, production, transformation and technology services.
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