英文论文摘要模板
英文论文摘要怎么写，你会写了吗?下面是我为大家收集的关于英文论文摘要模板，希望能够帮到大家!
ABSTRACT
As an important part of Chinese academic journals, sci-tech periodicalshave great significance to the spread of knowledge of science and to thedevelopment of technology. The level of internationalization of a sci-tec journalrepresents its recognition degree in the field of international publishing,besides, it is also a key criteria of the success for launching the journals. Thereare the largest number of sci-tech periodicals launched in Beijing, which leadsto a central role that taken by this area. Therefore, result from the researchwhich focus in Beijing can, to a certain extent, reflect the international level ofChinese sci-tech periodicals.
This paper is divided into six chapters: Chapter one is a brief review of theacademic theories and description about the practice status and the currentsystem of Chinese sci-tech periodicals. Also, it summarizes the stages andcharacteristics of the development of sci-tech periodicals in Beijing. In chaptertwo, it provides the historical foundation, system condition and thedevelopment of digital technology for the following analysis. Chapter three, tofive respectively elaborates the current situation of the development of sci-techperiodicals in Beijing area by 3 aspects: content innovation, business strategyand media. In chapter six, it concluded the problems that China's sci-techperiodicals are facing during the globalization and then provides possiblecountermeasures based on the analysis in previous chapters.
Key Words: Beijing; sci-tech periodicals; internationalization; impact factor
Abstract
Within the framework of feminism and archetypal criticism, this thesis, by taking ThePassion of New Eve as its discourse, analyzes and discusses Angela Carter's application ofdemythologizing as a feminist strategy. By rewriting and subverting those female archetypes,Carter aims to break the fetters and shackles of patriarchy, exploring the way to women'sliberation as well as the reconciliation between two genders.
Believing that human society has been established on patriarchy, feminists endeavor tochange women's subordinate status and achieve gender equality. Archetypal criticism, as oneof the most influential branches in literary criticism,regards myth as the origin of literature.
Myths,especially the Bible,cover all the forms and motifs known as archetypes in literature.
As a devoted pioneer and advocator of feminism, Carter realizes that those female archetypesare usually stereotyped and dogmatic, which is actually invented by patriarchy for theoppression and exploitation of women.
Based on intensive reading and exhaustive textual analysis, this thesis illustrates Carter'sdemythologizing of three female archetypes in The Passion of New Eve, which are“Temptress,,,”Mother Goddesses“ and ”Eve“ respectively. Firstly, the sufferings that Leilahencounter in the novel reveal that ”Temptresses“ are in fact victims of patriarchy instead oforigins of disloyalty and disasters. While seen by men as objects of their sexual desires, theyalso risk self-objectification, which results in the deprivation of subjectivity as independenthuman beings. Secondly, ”Mother“ in Beulah is just an artificial myth,汪 consolatory toolfabricated by patriarchy, behind the glorification of which are patriarchal values and codes.
Thirdly, the transformative journey Eve experienced from a chauvinist to a real womandemonstrates that femininity, rather than an inherent quality, is the result of social influenceand persistent imitations.
Through the demythologizing of those female archetypes, Carter overthrows thepatriarchal hegemony as well as Utopian matriarchal dreams,offering androgyny as a potentialsolution to the current sexual conflicts. In her opinion, the real reconciliation between twogenders should be based on mutual respect and understanding, which is confirmed by theunion between the new Eve and Tristessa in The Passion of New Eve.
Keywords: female archetype; demythologizing; Angela Carter; The Passion of New Eve
Abstract
In recent years, with the development of the financial sector, more and morepeople pay attention to the financial information search. However, the traditionalkeyword search method could hardly meet the needs of financial users. Therefore,semantic search products have gained more popularity. However, the semanticparsing process is complex and diverse. During the process of the analysis oflarge-scale real text, the sentence analysis which based on word granularity is verydifficult, but after chunk analysis, the accuracy can be significantly improved andthe complexity can be clearly reduced. At present, the user input method is almostthe Pinyin input method, thus it could probably happen that the input phonetic lettersare correct, while the Chinese character is wrong. In order to achieve the purpose ofimproving the user experience, the Pinyin text proofreading appears.
The content of this paper is a pretreatment subsystem of the finance Q & Asystem, and it contains two functions, Pinyin text proofreading and chunk partition.
Text proofreading is based on Pinyin, in the first place, putting the query sequenceinto phonetic sequence. Then it uses the multiple grammars, three grammars and twogrammars to fill the Chinese characters sequence. And if there is no ambiguity whenfilling, then it uses the text proofreading, otherwise, ignores the text proofreading.
For the chunk partition, this paper uses three different methods: the method ofthe shortest path chunk partition, the method of CRF chunk partition and the methodof neural network chunk partition. The subsystem designed and implemented thethree methods. The shortest path chunk partition is similar to the dictionary wordsegmentation method. CRF chunk partition divided the problem into the annotationproblem, through getting the optimal sequence labels, to reach the purpose of chunkpartition. Chunk neural network chunk partition is based on word segmentation,changing the query sequence into a sequence of nodes. If the sequence of possibilityimproved after adding chunk tag on each node sequence, the tag position is a chunkposition.
In practical test, the shortest path chunk partition based on the dictionary,cannot process the query which is not in the dictionary of chunk. CRF chunkpartition can solve the unknown chunk query, but the mark information is too simplewhen the training corpus increased,and the error percentage of results increasedsignificantly. When using neural networks in chunk partition, the predicted timeincreases significantly, however, the query generalization is a good idea. Throughthe above research, a reasonable way to chunk partition is the CRF method, whichproperly uses the query generalization.
Finally after testing, the pretreatment subsystem has not only met the needs ofthe finance Q & A system, largely improving the financial Q & A system userexperience, but also reduces the analytical complexity, significantly improved thecorrectness and performance.
Keywords: Pretreatment system question analysis, chunk, text proofreading, CRF,neural network
高中 英语 作文 模板主要有： 书信作文 模板、话题英语作文、对比观点作文、阐述主题题型、解决 方法 题型、现象说明英语作文。下面给大家分享一些关于高中英语作文万能模板，希望对大家有所帮助。
一.高中英语作文万能模板
高中英语作文阐述主题模板
The good old proverb ----------------( 名言 或 谚语 )reminds us that ----------------(释义).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.
First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明).Furthermore , ------------------(理由三).
In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点).In short, whatever you do, please remember the saying------------(引用谚语). If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.
高中英语解决方法题型模板
In recent days, we have to face the problem-----(提出问题), which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明问题的现状).Second, ----------(举例进一步说明现状)
Confronted with---------(问题), we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another-------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三).
Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future isawaiting us because --------------(带来的好处).
二.高中英语作文套用模板的几种常见错误
易犯错误一：高中英语作文模板中的句型套用不正确，不完整。
比如：我们在书信结尾的时候会说I am looking forward to hearing from you. 而学生却把这句话写成了I am looked forward to hear from you. 这种现象非常普遍，可见，学生的写作态度并不是很端正，很认真。
易犯错误二：高中英语作文模板中的句型和实际写作内容不匹配。
比如：有的图画作文第二段要求根据图画所表达的含义进行深层次的论证，而学生套用的句型却是第二段写对比的句型，显然是没有正确理解句型使用的语言背景。
再比如：小作文的摘要，是要根据汉语 文章 归纳出中心内容进行 英语写作 ，这个一般都是客观的描述，而学生却用了一个写图画作文的模板，通篇都是"我"认为，这如何又能得高分呢?
易犯错误三：高中英语作文模板套用千篇一律，没有新意。
再好的模板，如果所有的学生都是用也就变成了一张白纸，没有任何亮点。而这个错误也正是急功近利的学生容易犯的。
三.高中英语作文万能 句子
1. It is important for everyone to learn English well in our rapidly developing world.
在这个迅速发展的世界里，对每个人来说学好英语都是非常重要的。
2. The harder you work at it, the more progress you will make.
你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。
3. If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
如果每个人都为保护环境做出贡献，世界会变得更加美好。
4. The best way to remember new words is to practice them everyday.
记忆新单词最好的方法是每天操练这些单词。
5. The atmosphere in my family is fantastic.
我的家庭气氛温馨和睦。
6. The reason why people choose to live in the city is that the life is more convenient and colorful.
人们为什么选择生活在城市的原因是因为城市的生活更方便、更丰富多彩。
7. I had a great first impression of American people.
我对美国人民有了很好的第一印象。
8. We have lots of confidence in our ability to solve any problem.
我们对自己解决问题的能力有足够的信心。
9. With the rapid development of modern technology, the Internet has become a necessary part of our daily life and work.
随着现代科技的迅速发展，互联网已经成为我们生活和工作中必不可少的一部分。
10. You should read as many books as you possibly can.
你应该尽可能的多读书。
11.China is becoming more and more prosperous because of the reform and “opening up” policy.
由于实施了改革开放政策，中国变得更加繁荣了。
12. We all need clean air to breathe; we all need clean water to drink; we all need green places to enjoy.
我们都需要呼吸清新的空气，我们都需要饮用洁净的水，我们都需要享受绿地。
13. Let's work together to make our world a better place.
让我们一起努力把世界变得更加美好。
14. We should make full use of our time to do useful and productive things.
我们应该充分利用好时间去做有用的、富有成效的事。
15. We should get into the good habit of using our time wisely.
我们应该养成明智利用时间的好习惯。
16. What I really want to know is whether he will go abroad next month?
我的确想知道的是，他是否会在下个月 出国 。
17. Television is harmful to developing minds.
电视不利于开发心智。
18. Children usually have far more potential than their parents have realized.
孩子们都有很大的潜能，而父母却没有意识到这一点。
19. In the past 10 years, great changes have taken place in our school.
在过去的10年里，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。
20. People who spend more time with their families are usually healthier and happier.
那些花更多时间和家人在一起的人通常会更健康更幸福。
21. The job was hard, which made me so tired that I almost quit half way.
这份工作太辛苦，差点使我半途而废。
22. The Red Star Television Factory, which produces TV sets of quality, was set up in the 1980's.
生产高品质电视的红星电视机厂，始建于1980年。
23. The E-reading room, where we can send e-mails to all parts of the world, is open to both teachers and students.
电子阅览室对老师和同学都同样开放，在那里我们可以向世界每个地方发送电子邮件。
24. I feel I will be fit for the job needed in your company.
我感觉我会是你们公司所需要的人。
25. The number of workers and engineers has risen to over 2000, and 80% of them are college graduates.
工人和工程师的数量已超过了2000人，而且他们有80%都是大学学历。
26. There is an increasing tendency that students own their mobile phones on campus.
在校园内，学生拥有手机的趋势在不断增长。
27. Now in the rural areas, there are many children out of school. I think one of reasons is that their families are too poor to afford their schooling.
现今，在农村地区有很多孩子失学。我认为原因之一就是他们的家庭太贫困，以至于无法供应他们上学。
28. People should pay more attention to the education of children because they will play a very significant /important part/role in the future of our country.
人们应该增加对 儿童 教育 的重视，因为他们会在祖国的未来扮演重要的角色。
29. In 2008, you will see Beijing as beautiful as a garden, with cleaner water and clearer sky.
到2008年，我们会看到北京像花园一样，有着更加清澈的河水和更加碧透的天空。
30. How nice to hear from you again.
能再次收到你的来信真是太好了。
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英文摘要格式如下：
1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。
2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。
3、英文字体与行间距：统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”，倍行间距。
4、英文题目：使用三号字加粗。
5、英文摘要：“Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。
6、英文关键词：“Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。每个关键词使用四号字。
论文摘要应包含以下内容：
（1）从事这一研究的目的和重要性。
（2）研究的主要内容，指明完成了哪些工作。
（3）获得的基本结论和研究成果，突出论文的新见解。
（4）结论或结果的意义。
以上内容参考：百度百科-摘要
以上内容参考：百度百科-论文摘要
每一位大学生在入学后一直到 毕业 前,都会想着要通过英语四六级考试。但是很多同学在面对英语四级考试时都有困惑和迷茫。下面是我整理的大学英语四级 作文 必备的五大万能模板，欢迎阅读。
更多英语四级相关内容推荐↓↓↓
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大学英语四级怎么自学
怎样考好大学英语四级
大学英语四级作文必备的五大万能模板
一、用于作文开头的万能模板：
1、Many people insist that... 很多人(坚持)认为……
这句话乍看没亮点，但将众人皆知的"think"换为"insist"有没有觉得高大上了许多?
2、With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that... 随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为……
这个可是我当年的"杀手锏"啊，虽谈不上洋气，但正确率百分百啊，还超好记!
3、A lot of people seem to think that... 很多人似乎认为……
"think"终于闪亮登场，但"seem to"为整个 句子 增添了点婉转之感，这种客观的方式貌似较受老外(尤其腐国人)喜爱。
2017年6月英语四级作文模板
二、引出不同观点的万能模板：
1、People's views on... vary from person to person. Some hold that... . However, others believe that.... 人们对……的观点因人而异。有些人认为.....然而其他人却认为……
看这个长度就已然鹤立鸡群。其实，也是一个蛮简单也好记的模板。
2、Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异。
乍一看，跟上句的开头神似，其实就是省略掉了"people's"，不仅清爽而且好像高端了一些。
3、People may have different opinions on... 人们对……可能会有不同的见解。
又是一个婉转的句子，展示其客观性。
4、There are different opinions among people as to... 关于……人们的观点大不相同。
"different"虽拉低了水准，但"as to"又拯救了回来。
5、Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。
这句话貌似亮点不多，顶多一个"hold"，但也是安全牌，容易理解。
三、得出最终结论的万能模板：
1、Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that... 把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论……
很完全的答法，"take sth into consideration" 短语 的应用，加分。
2、Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that... 考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论……
"Take into account sth"短语似乎又比上句的"take sth into consideration"提升了一个层次。
3、Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that... 因此，自然我们得出以下结论。。。
"Hence"一词用在 文章 中大气吧，但别平时口语中用，否则即使老外也用一种看老古董的眼神看你。。。
再特意提一句："we'd better"在这里不是“不得不”或“最好”的意思，而是一种自然而然，水到渠成的得出结论。
4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。
短语"there is no doubt that"上线，同时运用我们的老朋友"as well as"增加看点。
5、All in all, we cannot live without... But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 总之，我们没有……是无法生活的。但同时，我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。
这句话一般用于作文结尾，属万能句式，句式较为简单，方便操作。
四、提出最终建议的万能模板：
1、It is high time that we put an end to the (trend). 该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。
"It is high time" 打头，为该句增色。注：that 后跟虚拟语气，后跟动词的一般过去式，表示“是某人做。。。的时候了”或者“是某人不做。。。的时候了”
2、It is time to take the advice of ... and to put special emphasis on the improvement of ... 该是采纳……的建议，并对……的进展给予非常重视的时候了。
去掉一个"high"，画风完全不一样，不用过去式，只需用"to do"来替代。
3、There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of ... 毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够的重视。
"there is no doubt that"+被动还是蛮经典的组合。
4、Obviously,.... If we want to do something... , it is essential that... 显然，如果我们想做某事，我们需要……
这句有些老生常谈，稍微不“常”的就是"essential" 替代了"important"。
5、Only in this way can we... 只有这样,我们才能...
Only+倒装，经典万能句式，还能看出点水平呢。
6、It must be realized that... 我们必须意识到...
把人人都会的"I realized"升格为被动语态，省略了主语，监考老师绝对会眼前一亮的!
五、英语四级作文预示后果万能模板：
1、Obviously, if we don't control the problem, the chances are that... will lead us in danger. 很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险。
"the chances are that"替代了"may"，果然说话拐弯的生物不止是中国人。
2、No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that... 毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效 措施 ，否则很可能会……
作文结尾万用句，毫无破绽。
3、It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation. 应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展。
"It is urgent that"+被动，效果不错。
英语四级写作技巧
文意切题：切题是决定一篇作文是否合格的根本。即使结构清晰、语言华丽，但主题与指令要求不符，那一切都是枉然。所以，写作时，文章主题一定要紧扣命题点或图画寓意来写，段落布局也要切合主题，从而确保内容准确。
结构清晰： 英语作文 讲求逻辑严密，要求文章结构合理有序。一般而言，四级作文可依三段式展开，第一段提出问题、点明主题或描述图画;第二段分析问题、论述主题或揭示图画寓意;第三段解决问题、给出评论或发出吁请。考生可利用考前的几十天，集中训练“三段式”思维，挑选不同体裁和题材的模板进行记忆，使自己在拿到一篇作文时可快速构建框架、组织结构。
背诵万能句型和模板：考生应多多积累考试卓文素材，多背英语四级常用的王能句型以及各种题材的模板，然后在多多练习。在模仿的基础上找到自己的思路，融会贯通。
英语四级考试的评分标准
1、大学英语四、六级考试的原始分数在经过加权、等值处理后，参照常模转换为均值为500、标准差为70的常模正态分数。同时，四、六级考试不设及格线，考试合格证书改为成绩 报告 单。
2、四、六级考试单项分的报道分为四个部分，这四个部分以及各部分所占的分值比例分别为：
3、英语四级各档的分数分布是：听力(35%)249分、阅读(35%)249分、综合(10%)70分、写作和翻译(20%)142分。
4、另外四级要500分以上(包含500)可以考口语，六级要425分(包含425) 各单项报道分相加之和等于报道总分。
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★ 大学英语四级写作十大必背范文
下面是关于学术论文英文摘要模板，希望对你们有帮助。
Abstract
Since Dewey developed the concept of “critical thinking”, many scholars abroadhave carried out a series of studies about improving students' critical thinking skills ineducation field. In the 1980s,critical thinking became the target of higher educationprograms in such foreign countries as the US and Canada. It has gained its widespreadattention in China only in recent years. But there are only few studies about it ineducation field. Our traditional English teaching method pays much attention to thetraining of students' linguistic knowledge and language skills but ignores thecultivation of students' critical thinking abilities. In the process of skill practice,teachers often stress the importance of memorizing vocabulary and imitating skillsrigidly,but neglect the students' abilities in analyzing problems and putting forwardinnovative solutions. Therefore, English writing teaching is affected by this andmerely attaches emphasis to train students' reading and writing skills. There are fewstudies which aim at systematically cultivating students' analysis, synthesis, summary,comparison and reasoning skills while they are writing. Therefore,this study aims atdesigning some writings tasks and teaching strategies which can be used to fostercollege students' critical thinking awareness and promote students' all-rounddevelopment.
According to six critical thinking skills,this study was carried out by requiringstudents to hand in an argumentation. All participants in this study are non-Englishmajor college freshmen from a 211 key university. The revised version of Rubric forQualitative Critical Thinking Skills Instrument was used in this study. Withquantitative and qualitative analysis,writing experiment is conducted within a wholesemester to collect data concerning students' learning behavior. Reading-to-write isused in experimental class while traditional method is adopted in control class. Thewriting scores by the experimental and control class were statistically processed bysoftware SPSS 19.0. And also the interview was launched in some of students inexperimental class to assess students' critical thinking abilities reflected in theirwritings-The final analysis indicated that EGAP writing model exerted a significantlypositive influence in improving students' critical thinking skills, especially in arousingstudents' writing enthusiasm and critical thinking awareness. Compared with controlclass, students in experimental class made big progress in writing competence. Inaddition, this study put forward some reform proposals to the teaching of Englishwriting. The study is of great value to instruct students to employ critical thinkingskills in their writing.
Abstract
A large body of research has been conducted on the effects of technology-enhancedEnglish vocabulary learning since the 1960s (Marty, 1981)。 However, no consensus hasbeen reached yet (Choo, Lin, & Pandian,2012; Mohsen & Balakumarohsen, 2011)。
Despite the fact that some narrative reviews have evaluated and explored thesecontradictory results, this study aims at quantifying the overall effectiveness oftechnology-enhanced English vocabulary learning with a different approach to review:meta-analysis and performing in-depth moderator analyses of learning method and testtype further.
Totally, twenty effect sizes from thirteen pieces of primary research are obtainedafter collecting related literature published or unpublished in recent ten years via fourchannels and selecting through three filters. Later, all the primary research is coded anddata are computed in random-effects model with software ComprehensiveMeta-Analysis.
Results show that: (1) Technology has a positively large effect on Englishvocabulary learning according to Cohen's standards as proposed in 1992 (g = 1.26,witha 95% confidential interval of [0.86, 1.66])。 (2) Learning methods (intentional learning,incidental learning, and integrated learning) have impacts on the overall effectiveness.
Heterogeneity exists in the three learning methods (g = 9.22,p = 0,01 < 0.05)，Effectiveness of intentional learning, incidental learning and integrated learning is ^ =0.61, g 二 2.14, g = 0.98 respectively. Incidental learning under technology-enhancedenvironment yields the largest effectiveness on English vocabulary learning. (3) Testtypes (recognition tests, recall tests,recognition + recall tests) also have impacts on theoverall effectiveness. The three test types are heterogeneous as well {Q = 17.04, p =0.000 < 0.05)。 Recognition tests, recall tests, and recognition + recall tests have effectsizes of 3.59,0.71 and 0.37 respectively. Technology-enhanced English vocabularylearning achieves the largest effectiveness in recognition tests.
Abstract
The present study, which is based on the Competing Values Framework (i.e. CVF:a framework to identify the organizational effectiveness and to define organizationalculture)， aims to investigate English teachers, teaching motivation at universities, theirperception of the organizational culture in the target university,their professionalaspiration and how they affect each other. The research questions to be addressed are asfollows: (1) How do the English teachers perceive the organizational culture at theirworkplace? (2) How much effort will the teachers pay for their professionalengagement and aspiration? (3) What kinds of motivation do the English teachers in thetarget university appear to have? (4) How will the organizational culture and theprevious experience affect teachers' motivation?
This study employed four different questionnaires as the research instruments,including one demographic questionnaire and three research questionnaires, i.e. thedemographic questionnaire, the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (i.e. theOCAI) (Cameron & Quinn, 1999)，the Professional Engagement and CareerDevelopment Aspiration-scale (i.e. the PECDA-scale) (Watt & Richardson, 2008b)，andthe Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers Teaching (i.e. the WTMST) (Fernet et al.,2008)，to investigate the above mentioned research questions. The whole investigationtook roughly 12 weeks and involved three stages: the preparation stage,the pilot study,and the main study.
The findings of the present study show that most of the teachers are intrinsicallymotivated and with identified regulation influenced by the performance culture and theclan culture which are the dominant culture types of the target research site. Results alsoindicate that the overseas experience and length of teaching experience affect teachers'perception of tixe organizational culture and motivation. The participants who haveoverseas experience tend to be more with the sense of professionalism, moreintrinsically motivated and be more confident with their competence in the academicarea; and the ones who have longer years of teaching experience are with moreidentified regulation and introjected motivation and are more committed and moreassured of staying in the education field. The participants in the target universitybasically belong to the highly engaged persisters,and the male teachers expect to be theleadership.
Abstract
Owing to the economic, social and academic needs as well as the advantages of EGAP(General Academic Purpose in Chinese College English) itself, there exist 这 great deal ofnecessity and feasibility for applying English for EGAP class. It is our understanding thatwriting plays an extremely important role in the course of EGAP and genre is a quiteinfluential factor in improving students5 writing competency. However,the investigation ofstudents' current writing situation shows that being deeply influenced by traditional writingteaching methods which emphasize grammar and vocabulary; the students have littleknowledge about genre approach theoretically or systematically and lack the awareness ofgenre. Because of this,it becomes necessary to put forward an English writing teachingapproach which is effective as well as applicable to the situation in China so as to enhancetheir writing competence.
This paper firstly gives a brief introduction to the developing trend of EGAP bydiscussing its necessity and applicability in China and the main views of two schools of genretheory, the tiieoretical foundation and genre-based approaches of three main schools of genrestudy and practice. And also,their characteristics are compared and the adaptability inChinese College EGAP class is analyzed, based on which it puts forward a modifiedGenre-based approach in EGAP writing class in order to enhance students' genre awarenessand improve their writing skills.
To achieve this, two non-English major classes of freshmen in East China University ofScience and Technology (ECUST) have been selected as the experimental class andcontrolled class, and the research lasts one semester. The Genre-based approach is applied inthe experimental class following a modified Genre-based approach. And a comparison hasbeen made on the same subject at the beginning and the end of the semester and thecomparison and contrast between the experimental class and controlled class have also beenmade. Owing to various factors,such as learning motivation, different students show variedextent of acceptance to certain teaching approaches. Therefore, emphasis has not only beenput on the overall changes,but also on the individual differences.
There are three hypotheses:
1. Can Genre-based approach enhance students' genre awareness? 2. Can “genreawareness” really improve students' writing ability in EGAP? If the students can get overallimprovement, is there any difference in gender and the students with diverse learningaptitudes because of the individual difference? If some students fail to improve, what's thepossible reason behind it? 3. Will Chinese students accept and adapt to Genre-basedApproach?
Three sets of data from six writing assignments, writing in final-term examination andquestionnaires are collected and analyzed with the help of the software SPSS 19.0. And thestudy indicates that: (1) Genre-based approach has a significant effect in sensitizing students'genre awareness, improving holistic writing competence; (2) during the whole experimentalprocess, girls have a stable superiority over boys, however, boys' improvement fluctuation iscomparatively obvious; (3) students of medium efficiency have the greatest potential to makebig improvement; (4) Unavoidably, in this research there are some students who fail to gainimprovement in terms of writing ability or get changed in terms of writing notions, andthrough analysis it has been found that the main objective reasons are: the difficulty ofwriting itself,the differences of culture and ways of thinking between east and west,thelimited teaching period, etc.; and subjective reasons mainly come from: the limitedcompetence of students themselves, the lack of interest in English writing, etc(5) aoverwhelming majority of students are liable to accept this approach and able to adapt to itpretty well, yet acceptation is not absolutely accompanied by adaptation; (6) feedback is adispensable part in English writing teaching, and more specific feedback will bring strongermotivation in students' self-correcting and developing;In the end,the author presents some limitations in her research and hopes that this cangive some hints and tips to further research in EFL writing classes.
Abstract
In college English listening & speaking classrooms, language and other semioticsystems cooperate together to help students construct meaning. It can be reflected inthe design of textbooks and the use of audios, videos and images, etc. Thus, in thisthesis, the theoretical foundation is the theory of multimodal discourse analysis (MDA)derived from Systemic Functional Linguistics and Social Semiotics. The essence ofMDA is that other semiotic resources such as: images, audios, etc. are as important aslanguage in the meaning-making system. Visual Grammar, Acoustical Grammar andthe integrated frameworks of MDA are the main analysis approaches in this thesis.
Meanwhile, the results of the teaching investigation and the MDA for textbooksare the practical foundation for the multimodal teaching design, providing feasibleand effective suggestions in this thesis. According to the results, it can be concludedthat students have more or less realized multimodality in this course and argue thatmultimodality should be used in moderation; multimodal classroom activities, socialcontent, etc. should be brought into the class; teachers should remind students to payattention to images, fonts change and other multimodal factors in textbooks.
Therefore, when conducting the multimodal teaching design, attention should bepaid to: (1) Modalities influence each other with clear priorities in this course. (2)Words modality and acoustical modality are the primary modalities, while othermodalities are just used as tools to provide supplementary information and to improveteaching efficiency. (3) The chosen modalities should provide supplementaryinformation to make the learning material more easily understood and help studentsconcentrate. Then, on the basis of the above principles and the writer's teachingexperience, a sample teaching design has been worked out, then its' feasibility andeffectiveness have been verified by an empirical study with the method of interview.
Abstract
Degree adverbs play a crucial role in daily language communication. However,owing to their wide varieties and similar meanings, it is hard for language learners toreally master their meanings and usages.
With the aid of AntConc 3.4.lw and based on the corpora of FROWN (TheFreiburg-Brown Corpus of American English)，FLOB (The Freiburg-LOB Corpus ofBritish English) and CLEC (Chinese Learner English Corpus)， the study aims tocompare the actual use of common English degree adverbs in terms of semanticprosody between Chinese EFL learners and native English speakers. The researchprocedures consist of two steps. First, AntConc 3.4.lw is launched to extractconcordance lines of the target node words in each corpus and the semantic featuresof the node words' collocates are analyzed; then, the semantic prosodies of these nodewords are summarized and comparisons are made between the two corpora.
The results indicate that there are differences as well as similarities betweennative English speakers and Chinese learners in their use of semantic prosody.
Chinese EFL learners tend to underuse the negative semantic prosodies of fairly,highly, and totally?,overuse the negative semantic prosodies of extremely; and misusethe semantic prosody of terribly. The results also show that some problems exist inChinese learners' use of semantic prosodies of degree adverbs, and the reasons mayinclude their first language transfer, intralingual transfer, and the lack of informationabout the semantic prosody in dictionaries and textbooks.
