狄更斯以其小说创作篇幅宏大，气势磅礴，内容包罗万象，风格雅俗共赏、丰富多彩，生前即已饮誉国内外，是英国19世纪小说繁荣时期最杰出的代表作家，影响遍及欧美以及世界各国。
狄更斯生活在英国由封建社会向资本主义社会过渡时期。资本主义的发展使大批小资产者贫困、破产，无产阶级遭到残酷的剥削而沦为赤贫。当时在英国发生的无产阶级革命运动,即宪章运动,给予狄更斯很大的影响，他的作品反映了宪章运动时代人民群众的情绪和要求,但他始终是个改良主义者。他同情劳苦人民,又害怕革命。他抨击资本主义制度,不断揭露它的罪恶,但他不主张推翻这一制度。他希望通过教育和感化来改造剥削者，并依靠他们的善心和施舍来消除社会矛盾。他以生动、幽默的笔触，真实、深刻地反映了生活。在他从事创作的34年中，他写了14部长篇小说（其中有一部未完成），许多中、短篇小说以及杂文、游记、戏剧等。狄更斯的创作大致可分为 4个时期。后期（1848～1861） 更是狄更斯创作的繁荣时期。由于英、法革命运动的失败，资产阶级的反动势力更加嚣张，狄更斯对社会的认识不断深化，作品反映的社会生活也更加广阔。他着力描写小人物的善良、温情和道德感化的力量。乐观主义精神已被沉重、苦闷的心情和强烈的愤懑所代替。这时主要的作品有《董贝父子》、《大卫科波菲尔》、 《荒凉山庄》、 《艰难时世》、《小杜丽》、《双城记》和《远大前程》等。这些作品的主题思想不断深化；艺术风格也有了与前不同的特色。作者善于运用典型的细节表现人物的特征；在着力描写小人物善良、温情和道德感化的力量的同时，对资产阶级的罪恶和惨无人道的社会制度作了具有强烈感染力的艺术概括。
《远大前程》可以视为《大卫•科波菲尔》的负面，但探讨人生道路方面更有现实性和警世性，而作者早年的乐观态度明显减少。主人公匹普也是孤儿，但经不起环境的诱惑丧失了原有的淳朴天性，经历严酷的磨难后才翻然悔悟，重新生活，整个小说在结构上也更精练。
中文摘要 《远大前程》是英国作家狄更斯的代表作之一。自从出版以来，它吸引了众多文学评论家的注意。本论文是首次运用苏联文艺理论家巴赫金的狂欢化理论来对《远大前程》进行分析。本论文讨论了狂欢节的笑及其在这部小说中所采取的幽默，讽刺及其它弱化了的形式。《远大前程》的主人公匹普被认为是狂欢节之王。他的加冕和脱冕过程表现了巴赫金所说的令人发笑的相对性。狂欢节之宴和具有象征意义的火在狂欢节之王的加冕和脱冕中具有重要的作用。在巴赫金的荒唐现实概念的基础上，本论文把这部小说中的人物当作狂欢节的群体来对他们特殊的语言和行为来进行分析。同时这部小说中又有狂欢化地狱的描述。所有这些都表明这部小说表现了狂欢化理论的基本方面。因此，《远大前程》是一部狂欢化了的小说。
外文摘要 Great Expectations is one of the representative works of Charles Dickens". Since its publication, it has attracted the attention of the critic circle. This thesis is the first academic attempt to apply the carnival theory to the analysis of Dickens" Great Expectations. The theory is raised by the Russian scholar Mikhail Bakhtin. Several key terms of the theory are discussed and used in my study of Great Expectations. Carnival laughter is explored in this novel, which takes the muffled form---humor, satire and irony. The hero Pip of Great Expectations is regarded as the carnival king in the light of carnivalization. Through Pip"s crowning and decrowning, Bakhtin"s notion of joyful relativity is expressed. The carnival feast and the symbol fire play a very important part in his crowning and decrowning. The characters in this novel are discussed as carnival collective on the basis of the conception of grotesque realism. The language of these characters is distinctive which is called "billingsgate language" in Bakhtin"s term. Also the novel is not devoid of the atmosphere of carnival hell. All these indicate that the key aspects of the carnival theory are demonstrated in Great Expectations. This leads to my conclusion that it is a carnivalized novel.
中文摘要
西方文学史当中，维多利亚时期被视为是一个重要的分水岭。在此之前，人类习惯用宗教的角度去看待世界，但十八世纪中开始，工业革命在西方展开，各种机器的发明使得当时科学极具的发达，科学带来的影响逐渐改变当时的人民，人类开始采用科学的角度去思考这个世界。达尔文(Charles Darwin)的两部作品，包括物种原始(Origin of Species)及人类原始及类择(The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex)，当中进化论和物种原始的概念造成维多利亚时期社会的一片震撼。本文主要使用达尔文的两大概念—天择及性择—探讨狄更斯(Charles Dickens)的小说—远大期望(Great Expectations)。第一章主要介绍达尔文的进化论及其理论产生背景，其中包含天择(Natural Selection)及性择(Sexual Selection)，其中看出为求生存，生物会自行突变以适应环境的变化，第二章主要针对天择的概念探讨狄更斯之小说，透过物竞天择、均变论(Uniformitarianism)及巨变论(Catastrophism)的对照、达尔文对演化概念及唯物论(Materialism)的诠释、推论出外在环境对生物的影响。第三章则是针对性择的概念探讨书中女性与男性角色之互动，透过无性生殖(Parthenogenetic Reproduction)、母性本能(Maternal Instinct)及男性竞争天性(Male Competitive Tendency)的概念，探讨达尔文及狄更斯作品所中隐含之性别意识。
英文摘要
The Victorian period can be regarded as a watershed of the history of literature. Before the Victorian period, people tended to see the world from a religious point of view. Because of the improvement of science, Victorians began to change their attitudes and started to consider things from a scientific perspective. Charles Darwin, the author of The Origin of Species and The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, introduced evolutionary theory and created a heated dispute that has lasted, to some degree, even until today. This thesis applies Darwin’s two ideas— natural selection and sexual selection— to investigate into Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations. The introduction briefly discusses Darwin’s evolutionary theories and their application in Dickens’s Great Expectations. The first chapter investigates natural selection and sexual selection with more specifics. Simply put, for example, organic beings evolve in order to adapt to the environment. Male of all species try to seduce females in order to propagate. The second chapter deals with the difference between uniformitarianism and catastrophism, and how Darwin challenges the idea of “progress” and how natural selection applies to the notion of materialism. In addition, recalling Darwin’s observation that organic beings would change themselves due to the pressure of survival, readers of Dickens’s novels see how environmental changes bring effects upon characters. The third chapter concentrates on Darwin’s sexual selection, including the contrast between parthenogenetic reproduction and sexual selection, female supremacy in the animal world and male dominance in the human society, as well as female’s maternal instincts and male’s competitive tendencies. Finally, I conclude with the gendered ideology that both Darwin and Dickens reveal in their works. In conclusion, approaching Dickens’s novel from the perspective of Darwin’s evolutionary theories, we see how Victorian literature and science merged together.
我只知道这些！
不能抄我回答！
可以从你的专业到你未来想要干的工作，你希望自己能努力到哪种程度。。或者可以从自己的兴趣和能力出发自我创业的蓝图
