迪拜塔
迪拜塔迪拜塔项目由美国芝加哥公司的美国建筑师阿德里安·史密斯（Adrian Smith）设计，韩国三星公司负责实施。建筑设计采用了一种具有挑战性的单式结构，由连为一体的管状多塔组成，具有太空时代风格的外形，基座周围采用了富有伊斯兰建筑风格的几何图形——六瓣的沙漠之花。迪拜塔加上周边的配套项目，总投资超70亿美元。迪拜塔37层以下是一家酒店，45层至108层则作为公寓。第123层将是一个观景台，站在上面可俯瞰整个迪拜市。建筑内有1000套豪华公寓，周边配套项目包括：龙城、迪拜MALL及配套的酒店、住宅、公寓、商务中心等项目。
“迪拜塔”自2004年起兴建，其承建商Emaar集团一直都保持神秘，没有透露任何建筑计划。根据高层建筑暨都市集居委员会（CTBUH）的国际准则，无论是建筑物结构高度、顶层地面高度、楼顶高度，还是包括天线或旗杆之类的高度，竣工后的"迪拜塔"都可谓举世无双。
迪拜塔不但高度惊人，连建筑物料和设备也“份量十足”。迪拜塔总共会使用33万立方米混凝土、3.9万公吨钢材及14.2万平方米玻璃。大厦那么高，当然需要先进的运输设备。大厦内设有56部升降机，速度最高达每秒17.4米，另外还有双层的观光升降机，每次最多可载42人。
此外，“迪拜塔”也为建筑科技掀开新的一页。为巩固建筑物结构，目前大厦已动用了超过31万立方米的强化混凝土及6.2万吨的强化钢筋，而且也是史无前例地把混凝土垂直泵上逾460米的地方，打破台北101大厦建造时的448米纪录。
“迪拜塔”光是大厦本身的修建就耗资至少10亿美元，还不包括其内部大型购物中心、湖泊和稍矮的塔楼群的修筑费用。为了修建“迪拜塔”，共调用了大约4000名工人和100台起重机。建成之后，它不仅是世界第一高楼，还是世界第一高建筑。
建成后的“迪拜塔”超过160层，且拥有56部电梯，速度最高达每秒17.4米，那将是世界速度最快且运行距离最长的电梯。艾尔马地产公司的销售经理纳曼·阿塔拉说：“这一设计将触及技术所能达到的巅峰，在此之前没有一座建筑能修那么高。人们不得不开发能适应这种高度的新型电梯。
迪拜塔迪拜塔在2009年1月17日高度达到了最终的818米（2,684英尺），是人类历史上首个高度超过800米的建筑物。
浅析高速公路收费广场内建筑的总体规划设计
【摘 要】文章通过实际工作经验，介绍了高速公路收费广场规划与设计中的一些要点，对收费广场的规划设计提出了一些见解。
【关键词】收费广场；规划设计；布置
高速公路收费广场是高速公路的重要组成部分，属于交通建设的范畴。它除了具有一般建筑的特点外，还必须具有服务于高速公路这一特殊功能。如何运用各种技术手段和艺术手法创造出畅通、便捷、优美的交通建筑环境，是高速公路收费广场内建筑设施规划与设计的首要任务。
高速公路收费广场内的建筑设施主要包括收费站的宿舍办公楼及生活区、收费棚、收费岛与车道路面、地下通道、收费室与收费设施等。福建的高速公路沿线土建设施不再将管理所单列，所以有一些站点兼有行政管理职责及交通工程和养护工程的管理职责，在这些站点就要考虑满足所辖各站点及养护工作能正常运行，所以他们的建设规模相对于一般的收费站就来得大，例如宁德收费站、田厝收费站等。高速公路收费广场内的建筑设施的总体规划设计要根据其使用功能、设置功能、建筑物性质及与主线的关系来综合考虑；同时，还要充分利用场地条件和适应于高速公路的要求。要遵循利于车辆通过、方便收费员使用、整齐有序、排列合理的原则。主要应考虑以下几点：
一、收费广场与连接道路间应有良好的观察条件
收费站是车辆停下来交费的设施，但它的设置不应成为交通安全方面的障碍，应能最大限度地防止交通事故和交通拥挤。为此，除了在收费广场足够的距离以前设置标志，给驾驶员以预告和提醒外，还要有较好的通视条件，是驾驶员在到达收费站前足够的安全距离内就能看到收费广场的情况。当在立体交叉的挖方路段设置收费广场时，为了保证视距，应做到路侧（或中央）的各种障碍物如桥台、桥墩、挖方边坡等都不妨碍驾驶员 眼睛与通视目标的视线，必要时应拆除障碍物或开挖视距台。总之，要兼顾立交的总体性和收费站的特殊性，并考虑立体线形，综合平、纵、横诸方面的问题，使之有机结合，协调布置。
二、收费岛的平面布置
在进行收费岛的平面布置时，要考虑交通安全、导流及设置车辆检测设备等因素，保证收费岛有一定的长度。收费岛在平面上主要有两种布置形式，一种是将收费亭对齐，一种是将收费岛对齐，还有个别的像马尾收费站那样受地形限制，将左右半幅分开设置等。
三、收费广场的平面线形
收费广场段的路线线形最好选择一段直线。如不得已采用曲线线形时，则收费岛应采用直线，如再不得已需采用曲线时，则收费车道的宽度就应根据需要加宽。尽管如此，由于驾驶员在交费时总是将车往左侧靠，若线形为左转弯则是很危险的。因此，当采用曲线时，其曲线半径不宜小于250M。
在接近收费站时，车辆往往需要多次反复地起步和停车，在此期间，驾驶员常常把注意力集中在通行卡和钱款上，如果车辆此时忽视了刹车，就会顺着纵坡方向滑动而碰撞前后车辆引起交通事故，因此收费站附近的纵坡应尽量平坦一些，其纵坡最好不要超过2%。
四、车辆要便于进出收费站
在布置收费站时，应根据地形地理情况，尽量在收费站与被交叉道路之间设置联系路，或直接把收费站靠近被交道路布置，这样有利于车辆进出收费站。
收费站一般设置在收费广场的一侧（出口侧比入口侧好）。当收费站房设在收费广场出口侧，则从高速公路下来的车辆进入收费站后，要再进入高速公路时，可以在被交道路上调头再进入高速公路。当收费站房设在收费广场的入口侧时，车辆可通过收费广场从被交道路上进入收费站房。相反如果收费站房不靠近被交道路设置，那么要进出收费站房时势必需要在收费广场左转弯，这是相当危险的事情。
对于主线收费站，其收费车道数比较多，收费广场也比较宽，为了使通过收费站或收费站房的车辆进入高速公路时不在收费广场调头或左转弯，一般宜在收费广场的拓宽段以外设置一处地下车行道，专供内部车辆使用。
五、充分利用公路现有土地
在高速公路、互通立交匝道和被交道路之间，均含有一些被高速公路包围起来的地方，而这些地方往往由于交通安全等方面的原因不利于耕作而被高速公路征用，在布置收费站房时应充分利用这些土地。
六、管道、管线要合理安排
高速公路的监控、通信、供电、照明等的电缆管道在收费站的总体布局中要同意考虑。由于这类管道属于不同的专业设计，施工时也不是同一单位，因此各专业要统一协调，在平面、纵面上相互兼顾。互通式立交和收费站是各类管线的汇接处，在设计时应把各个专业的设计进行汇总，绘出总平面布置图，以使各种管线在平纵面上合理布置，在施工过程中也便于掌握。
七、收费站设计
收费站处填土不宜过高，一般不超过3米，平曲线半径不得小于200米，纵坡应小于2%，当受地形条件及其它特殊情况限制时，不得大于3%，竖曲线半径大于800米，收费广场的横坡为1．5%～2．0%，交通特别繁忙，收费车道多的收费站，应设置供收费工作人员上、下岗位的专用地下通道，收费广场的路面结构应比匝道要高一级。
总之，收费广场内的建筑设施可能布局多种多样，但可行位置要基于收费卡门及路线线形的位置。在实际布局中要以收费卡门及遮棚的位置为中心，通过设计手段，利用地形、周围环境等，达到合理布局。
MECHANICAL PRELIMINARY DESIGN REPORT
STADIUM
1.给排水设计
饮用水和污水
1.Sanitary Design
Water and sewage water
.设计基础
- 甲方提供的设计任务书和市政管网综合图
- 建筑专业提供的条件图
- 国家现行的设计规范及有关规定设计简章
.Design bases
Design Brief and Municipal integrated network drawing offered by the client.
Condition drawings from architectural discipline.
Current national design codes and related stipulations
2. 给水系统
通过一根DN200的进水管将水引入.水表安装在进水管上,离红线1米处.供水管在红线内连成环路管网,并接到供应楼的消防水池和给排水水池.由环路管网向必需的室外消火栓和绿化带的喷淋器供水.
2. Water supply system
For water supply of this project, DN200 water intake pipes are led in. Water meters are installed on the intake pipes 1.0 m away from the red line. The water supply pipes are connected into loop networks in the red line and then led to the fire pool and sanitary water pool in the supply buildings respectively. Necessary number of outdoor hydrants and sprinklers for green area will be provided on the loop networks.
设计范围
包括红线内的饮用水,污水,雨水,建筑消防.
Design scope
Design scope of this project includes water, sewage water, rainwater, fire-protection in the building, and water and sewage water within the red line.
给排水水池与消防水池分开,容量为100m3 .体操馆供水管埋地敷设.
Sanitary water pool is separated from fire water pool, volume of sanitary water pool is 100m3. Water supply pipes for the stadium will be laid in the earth.
3.用水量标准
- 体育馆: 15升/顾客·日 K=2.0
- 宾馆: 150升/人·日 K=2.0
- 餐厅: 50升/顾客·日 K=2.0
- 工作人员: 25升/人·日 K=2.0
- 地面冲洗用水: 3升/m2日
- 冷却塔补水量:按用水量的2%计
- 未预见水量: 按日用水量20%计
- 消防用水:
消火栓:室内40升/秒,室外30升/秒,火灾延续时间为3小时;
自动喷洒按22升/秒,火灾延续时间为1小时
卷帘水幕用水0.5升/秒·米,火灾延续时间为3小时;
Water consumption standard
- Stadium: 15L/visitor·day K=2.0
- Hotel: 150L/visitor·day K=2.0
- Restaurant: 50L/customer·day K=2.0
- Staff 25L/person·day K=2.0
- Floor cleaning: 3L/m2·day
Make-up water for cooling tower: 2% of the
actual cold water consumption.
Unforeseen water consumption: 20% of the daily
water consumption.
Water for fire protection
Hydrant: 40L/s indoor, 30L/s outdoor, fire
duration time is 3h;
Sprinkler: 22L/s, fire duration time is 1h;
Drencher for rolling shutter: 0.5L/s·m, fire duration time is 3h;
在适当的位置设置饮用水机,在主进口为残障人设置两个饮用水机.为此饮用水系统安装循环泵.机房 设在地下室的水除了机房.当饮用水机不被使用时,应排空,以免水质腐败.
在客房和餐厅内设置电热水器,同时亦为热水供应设置循环泵.
在更衣间旁设置电热水器,为淋浴和洗盥供应热水.
为楼板清洁安装一定数量的水龙头.
Some suitable places are supplied with portable water drinking units, two drinking units for disable people are provided at main entrances, for this portable water system, circulating pumps are adopted, the equipment room is located in water treatment center in the basement. When there is no use, portable water will be drained completely to avoid deterioration.
Electric water heaters are installed in guest rooms and restaurant, also hot water circulating pumps will be provided for supplying hot water.
Electric water heaters are installed near the changing and clothing rooms for supplying hot water for shower and washing.
Certain number of water taps are installed for floor-cleaning.
4.用水量
最大日用水量:2.200m3/日
最大时用水量:220m3/时
Water consumption demand
Maximum daily water consumption: 2.200m3/day
Maximum hourly water consumption: 220m3/hour
却循环系统
冷却水循环系统采用机械循环系统.总冷却水用量为460m3/h.在供应楼顶设置三台超低噪音冷却塔(230 m3/h, 2x 115 m3/h).进水温度37Co,出水温度32Co .补充水量
9,6 m3/h.补充水由市政供水网直接提供.
Cooling water circulation system
There are cooling water circulation system in this project, cooling water for the refrigerators adopts mechanical circulation system. Total water consumption of cooling towers is 460m3/h. On roof of the supply building there are 3 ultra-low noise cooling towers (230 m3/h, 2x 115 m3/h), inlet temperature of 37Co, outlet temperature of 32Co, with make-up water of 9,6 m3/h. Make-up water of the cooling towers will be supplied directly by the municipal network.
在消防泵房内有消火栓泵(一个运行,一个备用),喷淋泵(一个运行,一个备用),卷帘雨淋泵(一个运行,一个备用).用于地下车库的泡沫喷淋设备,如报警阀,泡沫压缩罐,化学药剂泵安装在消防设备中心.30.0m3 消防水箱和消防稳压装置分别安装在车库的四面墙.
In the fire water pump room, there are hydrant pumps (one operation, one standby), sprinkler pumps (one operation, one standby) and rolling shutter drencher pumps (one operation, one standby).
Fire equipment, which are used for the foam sprinkler system in underground garage, such as fire alarm valves, foam concentrated tank and chemical dosing pump, etc. are provided in fire equipment centers. Four 30.0m3 fire water tanks and fire protection stabilized pressure devices are respectively located at four sides next to the garages.
消防用水
消火栓:室内按40升/秒,室外按30升/秒,火灾延续时间按3个小时计
自动喷洒按22升/秒,火灾延续时间按1小时计
卷帘水幕用水量 0.5升/秒·米,火灾延续时间按3个小时计
消火栓:室内,室外用水量皆为756m3;
自动喷洒用水量为79.2 m3;
卷帘水幕用水量为 270m3;
一次火灾用水量为1.861,2;
Water for fire protection
Water consumption standard for fire protection
Hydrant: 40L/s indoor, 30L/s outdoor, fire duration is 3h
Sprinkler: 22L/s, fire duration is 1h
Drencher for rolling shutter: 0.5L/s·m, fire duration is 3h
Water consumption for fire protection
Hydrant: indoor and outdoor water consumptions are 756m3 respectively
Sprinkler: 79.2 m3
Drencher for rolling shutter: 270m3
Water consumption for one fire: 1.105,2 m3
消火栓的布置
在整个建筑物内沿墙,沿柱,沿走廊,风塔上及楼梯附近设有必要数量的室内消火栓,消火栓间距小于30米.消火栓管网水平,竖向皆成环状布置,消火栓箱内配有DN65消火栓一支,25米衬胶水龙带一条,φ19毫米喷咀水枪一支,并配消防卷盘(DN25消火栓一支,30米胶管,φ9毫米喷咀水枪一支)且设有可直接启动消火栓泵的按钮;在室内消火栓箱下设有磷酸铵盐手提式灭火器箱.室内消火栓系统在室外设有三组水泵接合器.
Hydrant arrangement
Necessary number of hydrants are installed indoors along the wall, columns, corridors, and staircases, at intervals of less than 30m. Hydrant networks are connected as a loop both horizontally and vertically. Inside each hydrant box, a DN65 hydrant, a 25m long rubber lined hose, a water nozzle of φ19mm, hose reel (a DN25 hydrant, a 30m long rubber lined hose and a water nozzle ofφ9mm), and a direct starting button for the hydrant pump are provided.
Under each indoor hydrant box, a portable ammonium phosphate powder extinguisher box is installed. There are three sets of pump adopters being installed outdoors for the indoor hydrant system.
消防系统
防水泵房及消防水池
供水管DN200在红线内连成环路管网,管网上安装 一定数量的消火栓.两根DN200供水管分别引入供应楼内两个消防泵房内的消防水池.消防水池总容量不应小于4000m3, 每个为2.000m3.
Fire protection system
Water pump room and water pool for fire protection
The lead-in pipes (DN200) are connected as a loop inside the red line, on the loop, certain number of hydrants are installed.Two water supply pipes (DN200) are led into the fire water pools at each fire water pump room in supplybuilding. In consideration of the importance of the project, the volume of the fire water pools should be not less than 4000m3, each is 2.000m3.
自动喷淋系统
自动喷淋系统安装在全建筑范围,除了室外和高于10 米的房间.喷淋泵安装在地下的消防泵房内.报警阀设置在地下的消防泵房内和中间的消防设备中心内,水流显示器设在每个防火分区内.
Sprinkler system
Sprinkler systems will be provided inside the whole building except outside areas and roomshigher than 10m, with sprinkler pumps installed in the underground fire water pump rooms. Alarming valves installed in underground fire water pump rooms and four fire equipment centers in the middle, water flow indicators are installed by fire compartments.
除了安装一个封闭喷淋系统,将为地下车库设置一个泡沫喷淋系统.餐厅内安装93oC启动的自动喷淋头,但在其它房间,仅安装93oC启动的普通和快速反应自动喷淋头.三组泵接合器安装在室外.
Besides an enclosed sprinkler system, a foam sprinkler system composed of a proportioning mixer and a foam concentrated tank is provided for the underground garage. Sprinkler actuated at 93oC are provided in the restaurants, but in other rooms, only ordinary sprinklers and fast response sprinklers actuated at 68oC are provided.
Three sets of pump adaptors for this system will be installed outdoors.
排水系统
为排水系统设置污水主立管和特别垂直排气管.排气管与污水管在每层连接,污水排出体操馆.餐厅的污水首先在油脂分离池中处理,然后排入室外排水网.给排水污水将被在化粪池收集和处理,然后排入市政排水管网.化粪池在输送区旁.最大天排水量为870m3/天.
9. Drainage system
Main vertical sewage pipes and special vertical vent pipes are provided for the drainage system. The vent pipes are connected with sewage pipe at each floor; sewage water is drained out of stadium. Sewage water in the restaurants and garage are treated in the grease and oil separation tank, and then discharged into the outdoor drainage networks. Sanitary sewage water is collected and treated in the septic tank, then drained into the municipal drainage. The septic tanks are located besides the deliverycircle. Maximum daily drainage amount is 870m3/day.
卷帘水幕系统
地下车库设置有卷帘水幕系统.水幕泵安装在消防水泵房内,采用开式雨淋头,电动或手动控制.十组泵接合器安装在室外
Drencher system for rolling shutters
Rolling shutter protected by drenchers are provided for the underground garage, the drencher pumps are installed in the fire water pump rooms, open drencher heads are selected, and are controlled both by electrically and manually. Ten pump adapters will be installed outdoors for this system.
地下室内污水设有污水坑,废水设有废水坑,生活污水,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外排水管网,潜污泵的启停皆由磁性浮球控制器的控制.
地下汽车库废水设有废水坑,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外,经隔油池处理后排入室外雨水管网.
There are cesspits for sewage water and wastewater pits for wastewater in the basement, the sewage and wastewater is sucked up and drained to the outdoor drainage networks by submerged sewage pumps.
Operation of the pumps is controlled by the magnetic floating ball controllers.
Wastewater pits are provided for the underground garage, wastewater is sucked up and drained to outdoor oil separation tank by submerged sewage pumps, after treated, wastewater is drained to the outdoors rainwater networks.
在柴油发电机房,变配电房和通讯设备机房设低压二氧化碳气体灭火系统.
Low pressure CO2 extinguisher systems are provided in diesel generator rooms, transformer substations and telecommunication equipment rooms.
在本建筑内按"建筑灭火器配置设计规范"在每个消火栓箱下设手提式灭火器箱,箱内设有必要数量的磷酸铵盐手提式灭火器.
According to the Code for Design of Extinguisher Disposition in Buildings, portable fire extinguisher box, in which there are necessary number of portable ammonium phosphate powder extinguishers, will be installed under every hydrant box.
在每个消防电梯井底旁设有消防排水坑,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外.
Fire water drain pit is provided at side of bottom of each fire elevator well, waste water will be sucked up and drained out by the pumps.
雨水系统
雨水排水屋顶采用压力流排水.
雨水设计重现期按P=10年计算,降雨历时为5分钟,暴雨强度公式按Q=998.002(1+0.568lgP)/(t+1.983)0.465计算.
沿柱在屋面设置雨水沟.雨水通过雨水沟收集,然后进入雨水头和下排管,然后到室外雨水观察井.
10. Rainwater system
Pressurized drainage system is adopted for roof rainwater drainage system.
Here, return period P=10 years, rainfall duration is 5 minutes, stormwater amount is calculated by the following formula:
Q=998.002(1+0.568lgT)/(t+1.983)0.465
Rainwater gutters are provided on roof along columns, skylight. Rainwater is collected in the gutter, then to rainwater heads and downpipes, and to the outdoors rainwater inspection wells.
11.管材
- 生活给水管,冷却塔补水管采用铜管,氩弧焊接.
- 直饮水管采用不锈管.
- 消火栓管,冷却循环管,水幕管,水泵吸水管采用焊接钢管,焊接.
- 自动喷洒水管,雨淋水管采用热镀锌钢管,丝扣连接或卡压连接.
-二氧化碳管采用无缝钢管焊接.
- 地下车库泡沫喷淋水管采用不锈钢管,卡压连接.
Pipe material
Copper pipes connected by argon arc welding are adopted for the sanitary water pipes, make-up water pipes for cooling towers.
Stainless stell pipes are adopted for portable water pipes.
Welded steel pipes connected by welding are selected for hydrant pipes, cooling circulating pipes, drencher pipes, pump suction pipes.
Hot-galvanized steel pipes connected by threads or compression-seizing are selected for sprinkler and deluge sprinler pipes.
Seamless steel pipes connected by welding are selected for CO2 pipes.
Stainless steel pipes connected by pressed clamp is selected for the pipes of foam sprinklers in the underground garage.
当雨水两超出雨水沟设计量时,雨水可沿屋檐自由排放.雨水被收集,然后排入市政集水池.
When the amount of rainwater is more than the design value of the gutters, water is discharged naturally along the eaves. Rainwater is collected, and then drained to the municipal catch basins.
围绕体育馆的循环池将用于喷洒运动场和作为室外绿化带的储水池.
此池将作为一个循环过滤设施,可容水约7.500 m .
喷洒压力设备和其它必须的过滤设备安装在供应楼里.
The circular senic pool surround stadium will be used for spraying sportsfield and as reservoir for outdoor greening.
The pool will be used as a circular filtering facility and will be adopted with a water volume of about 7.500 m .
The spray water pressurizing equipment as well as further necessary filtering equipment will be adopted in the supply building.
2.0 制冷
2.0 Cooling
冷源:
空调冷负荷(估算):
本工程建筑面积共50.000平方米,包括观众区,休息室,更衣室,小会议室,餐厅,办公室和其它附属房.空调设计日峰值冷负荷为2.4MW,设计日总冷负荷为3 kW.
Refrigerating source
Cooling load of air conditioning system
Total floor area for this building is 50,000sqm, which includes spectator areas, lounges, Clothing and changing rooms small meeting rooms, restaurant, office and other auxiliary rooms. Designed dayly peak cooling load is 2,4MW, designed total dayly cooling load is 3kW.
每台1200kW制冷机配一台 流量为206m3/h离心泵.各配一台备用泵
一次泵采用压差旁路控制.
通过埋地敷管,向游泳体操馆供应冷冻水.
A centrifugal pump with a flow rate of 103m3/h is provided for each 1200kW chiller. One operation pump with a standby corresponds to one chiller.
Pressure difference branch control is adopted for primary pump
Via earth laid pipes from supply building to gymnasium chilled water supply will be deliverded.
冷源的选择:
根据建筑的实际情况,3台制冷机将安装在供应楼内的冷冻机房.设计容量为4800kW. 为了实现能量的效率化使用,设计方案为,1台制冷机的出力为总设计容量的50%.而另2 台.每台出力为总设计容量的25%.
冷冻水系统的主要设备包括3台电动制冷机,一级冷冻泵,二级冷冻泵,自动控制阀等等.冷冻水的供/回水温度为-7/ 12°C.
Selection of refrigerating source
According to the real condition of the building, 3 chillers are located in the refrigerating plant rooms in the supply building, designed capacity is 2400kW. For actuing in an energy efficient way one chiller about 50% of total capacity (1.200 kW) and two chillers with 25% of total (600 kW each)capacity each are adopted.
Main equipment of chilled water system includes 3 electrical chiller, primary cool water pump, secondary chilled water pump and automatic controlled valve, etc. supply/return temperature of the chiller is-7/ 12°C.
二次泵系统:根据使用功能,各制冷机房又分成不同的循环支路.
二次泵采用变频调速控制.根据负荷侧供回水管的压差,控制水泵的转速.
二次泵循环支路的管道采用异程式.
Secondary pump system:
Each refrigerating plant room is subdivided into different circulation branch loops according to use functions.
Variable-frequency speed-regulating control is adopted for secondary pumps. The rotating speed of a water pump is controlled according to the pressure difference between water supply and return pipes.
Direct return system is adopted for the pipes of circulating branch of secondary pumps
空调冷冻水系统
由于本工程占地面积大,功能复杂,有连续使用,也有间歇使用,为了达到运行灵活,节能的目的,空调冷冻水系统采用两管制二次泵系统.
Chilled water system
Due to the large occupied area of this project, the complicated functions and the combination of continuous utilization and intermittent utilization, in order to accomplish the purpose of flexible operation and energy saving, the chilled water system is of two-pipe secondary pump system.
管材:
水管采用焊接钢管及无缝钢管.
本工程的风管除土建风道外,均采用镀锌铁皮咬口制作.每节风管之间用法兰连接.
Pipe and duct materials
The water pipes adopt welded steel pipes and seamless steel pipes.
Air ducts for this project are made of galvanized sheet steel by seaming except ducts by civil construction. Air ducts are connected together by flanges.
一次泵系统:
供应楼冷冻机房
2400kW制冷机配一台离心泵, 流量为412m3/h.配一台备用泵.
Primary pump system:
Chiller room supply building
A centrifugal pump with a flow rate of 412m3/h is provided for 1200kW chiller. One operation pump with a standby corresponds to one chiller.
保温材料:
空调供,回水管,冷凝水管采用酚醛管壳保温.
空调送,回风管以及处理后的新风管采用外贴铝箔的离心玻璃棉板保温.
- 管道穿防火墙的空隙处采用岩棉材料等非燃材料填充.
Thermal materials
phenolic pipes are adopted for thermal insulation of water supply and return pipes for air conditioning, as well as air-conditioning condensate pipes.
Aluminum foil faced glass fiber boards are adopted for thermal insulation of air-conditioning air supply and return ducts as well as fresh air ducts after chillers.
Non-flammable material will be selected to fill the interspace in the fire protection wall where the ducts go through.
消声与隔振:
冷水机组,水泵等设备采用减振台座,弹簧减振器或橡胶减振垫减振降噪.
在空调机组,新风机组,通风机的进出口采用涂胶帆布软管连接.
- 水泵进出水管上采用可曲挠橡胶接头,使设备振动与配管隔离.
Noise reduction and vibration isolation
Shock absorption bases, spring shock absorbers on rubber shock absorption pads are adopted for equipment, such as water chiller units, pumps, etc to reduce vibration and lower noise.
Flexible rubber-coated canvas hoses are adopted far connections of inlets and outlets of air-conditioning units, fresh air handling units and ventilators.
Flexible rubber couplings are adopted for the water intake and delivery pipes of the pumps to isolate equipment vibration from their pipes.
3.0空调和通风系统
3.0 Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems
方案设计范围
Scope of schematic design
空调设计
Air Conditioning Design
在体育馆内,一些区域设置空调系统.这些区域划分为:
西侧地下二层的贵宾休息室
东侧地下二层酒店门廊
地下一层的输送区,技术机房,运动员更衣间,医务服务,热身区,裁判区,健身中心,酒店大堂,会议室,厨房,特许区和贵宾大堂混合区.
首层的酒店大堂,酒店区,贵宾门廊,急救
In the stadium, in some ranges air conditioning systems are used. These ranges subdivide themselves as follows:
VIP – Lobby in West of levelel -2
Hotel lobby in the east of level –2
Delivary Circle, technical Plantrooms, Changingrooms for the athletes, Medical Service and warm up area, Judges Area, Fitness Center, Hotel Lobby, Conferenz, Kitchen and Concession, Vip lobby- Mixed Zone in level -1
Hotel lobby, Hotel area, Vip lobby, Vip Area, First aid in 0
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