英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文
以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
1.I have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
2.I have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
3.I have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
4.I have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
5.I have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
6.My instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms
开题报告ppt内容要求以及该怎么制作
研究生论文开题报告PPT内容的要求
1、报告时首先汇报自己的姓名、单位、专业和导师。
2、研究背景（2-3张幻灯片）
简要阐明所选题目的研究目的及意义。
研究的目的，即研究应达到的目标，通过研究的背景加以说明（即你为什么要选择这个研究题目）。
研究的意义，即选题的价值和作用，包括理论意义、实践意义、社会效益和经济效益等。
3、研究现状（文献综述）（2-3张幻灯片）
（1）阐述国内外在该研究方向的历史、现状和发展情况，通过文献综述描述研究的现状，分析研究的不足，确定自己研究的起点和创新点。
（2）所列参考文献应为近5年发表。
4、研究问题（1张幻灯片）
通过分析研究现状进而明确提出本论文要解决的具体学术问题或实际问题，以及自己准备在哪些方面有所进展或突破，预期的结果或成果。
5、研究内容与方法（重点报告内容10-15张幻灯片）
研究内容指论文拟研究解决的问题。研究方法是针对解决研究问题的具体实施方案和办法。
（1）详细阐述论文研究工作的总体安排、拟采取的技术路线、研究方法、步骤和主要研究内容，
（2）列出论文结构框架（要求论文章节至三级标题）。
（3）社会科学类论文均必须附调查（访谈）问卷；自然科学类论文均必须写出具体的试验设计和试验方法。
（4）阐述研究工作可能遇到的困难和问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。
6、论文工作基础（1-2张幻灯片）
说明研究生本人的学习经历和工作背景对完成论文研究所做的知识储备及工作积累、目前仪器设备和其它方面应具备的条件、估算该论文的进度和经费保障等情况。
7、报告结束后要表示感谢。
注：报告时间不超过10分钟，PPT中文字与背景应选择对比明显的样式，幻灯片要求画面简洁，文字内容不宜太多，应以概括性、提纲性文字为主，围绕研究什么、为什么要研究、怎样研究等核心问题展开；幻灯片一般文字不超过8行，字号不小于20号，但图表中文字可以除外。报告时回答问题简要明确，不要答非所问；专家在提到论文修改意见或现场点评时研究生本人作好记录（或请同学帮助记录），方便会后对论文进行相应修改。
1、报告时首先汇报自己的姓名、单位、专业和导师。
2、研究背景（2-3张幻灯片）
简要阐明所选题目的研究目的及意义。
研究的目的，即研究应达到的目标，通过研究的背景加以说明（即你为什么要选择这个研究题目）。
研究的意义，即选题的价值和作用，包括理论意义、实践意义、社会效益和经济效益等。
3、研究现状（文献综述）（2-3张幻灯片）
（1）阐述国内外在该研究方向的历史、现状和发展情况，通过文献综述描述研究的现状，分析研究的不足，确定自己研究的起点和创新点。
（2）所列参考文献应为近5年发表。
4、研究问题（1张幻灯片）
通过分析研究现状进而明确提出本论文要解决的具体学术问题或实际问题，以及自己准备在哪些方面有所进展或突破，预期的结果或成果。
5、研究内容与方法（重点报告内容10-15张幻灯片）
研究内容指论文拟研究解决的问题。研究方法是针对解决研究问题的具体实施方案和办法。
（1）详细阐述论文研究工作的总体安排、拟采取的技术路线、研究方法、步骤和主要研究内容，
（2）列出论文结构框架（要求论文章节至三级标题）。
（3）社会科学类论文均必须附调查（访谈）问卷；自然科学类论文均必须写出具体的试验设计和试验方法。
（4）阐述研究工作可能遇到的困难和问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。
6、论文工作基础（1-2张幻灯片）
说明研究生本人的学习经历和工作背景对完成论文研究所做的知识储备及工作积累、目前仪器设备和其它方面应具备的条件、估算该论文的进度和经费保障等情况。
7、报告结束后要表示感谢。
注：报告时间不超过10分钟，PPT中文字与背景应选择对比明显的样式，幻灯片要求画面简洁，文字内容不宜太多，应以概括性、提纲性文字为主，围绕
研究什么、为什么要研究、怎样研究等核心问题展开；幻灯片一般文字不超过8行，字号不小于20号，但图表中文字可以除外。报告时回答问题简要明确，不要答非所问；专家在提到论文修改意见或现场点评时研究生本人作好记录（或请同学帮助记录），方便会后对论文进行相应修改。
开题报告PPT的制作一定要围绕自己所做或准备做的来展开，重点要放在自己的实施方案上，不要放在研究背景和国内外研究现状方面(但在开题报告中仍要按照上述撰写注意事项认真写好)。要记住，老师们是来听你讲你准备如何做的，而不是来听你作技术报告的。另外，作为一般要求，PPT中原则上不能有大段的文字，一页中尽可能不要超过10行，一句话最好只占用一行，尽量不要用两行以上的空间来表述一句话(否则会给听众带来阅读PPT的不便)。万不得已要用两行时也要尽可能使每行成为相对完整的段(比如不要把“研”字放在第一行的末尾，“究”字放在第二行的起始位置)。
开题报告PPT的制作最好按下述要求来完成。
首先用一页来描述所做研究的目标(写明研究完成时所期望取得的成果，即本研究到底要做成一件什么样的事情)。对工程硕士而言，这个成果一般应该是一个软件(或软硬件结合)系统或比较大的子系统或某个产品的原型系统，最好不要是纯理论研究型的，因为要做出好的纯理论研究成果的难度比较大。
其次用一页来描述所做研究的意义，说明为什么要做此研究、也就是完成该研究能带来什么样的效果(即工程应用价值)。 再用1-2页来说明主要研究内容及关键技术。制作PPT时可将开题报告中相应部分截取过来，提炼出其中的要点，表达一定要简明扼要，不要拐弯抹角，一定要使听众对你主要研究内容的`核心和关键技术的核心能够一目了然。
接下来是PPT的核心内容——你的实施方案，要用不少于10页PPT的篇幅来描述。这部分是（核心论文快速发表找论文发表向导网江编辑加扣二三三五一六二五九七）审查开题报告的老师要听取的重点，要按照自顶向下的方式来说明你的方案。首先要给出自己设计的系统框架图，说明该系统主要由哪几个子部分所组成，同时说明各个子部分相互之间的关系。每个子部分用2页左右的 PPT：说明该部分的主要功能，准备用什么方法或手段来实现;此部分的关键问题，自己准备如何解决这些关键问题;实现此部分时估计会遇到什么样的困难，大体准备用什么办法来克服这些困难。
把这几个子部分综合起来应该就可以得到一个整体解决方案。讲述时应主要从宏观出发来说明，要让在该方向上即使不十分内行的人也能听懂你的总体思路，不要过分拘泥于较小的细节问题。如果这部分的讲述能让听众感到，你提出的这个实施方案是精心考虑过的、在技术（核心论文快速发表找论文发表向导网江编辑加扣二三三五一六二五九七）上没有太大的问题，那么这个开题报告就是比较成功的。将来按照你所给出的这个方案去实施，就能够较好地完成课题所提出的任务。
PPT的页数在15页左右为宜，讲述要控制在15分钟以内，正式做开题报告之前最好先练习一下，看看自己时间把握得怎么样。不要把准备讲的内容用纸打印出来照着念，那样会给人这样的印象：你对PPT中的这些内容还没完全掌握。怕记不住的内容可以直接写到PPT中，但只能是像前面所提到的，用一行一行来写，不要有大段的文字
总之，只有当实施方案已经基本成熟后再申请开题，而且开题报告和PPT一定要认真完成，写好后一定要请导师认真帮助审阅，以免在开题时出现不能通过的情况。
开题报告，老师一般会给模板，还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告，你参考一下吧。
课题名称
An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese
试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异
课题来源
Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor
一、课题背景及意义 (课题的立题依据及研究意义)
Research Background:
A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture.
When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life.
Research Significance:
As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures.
二、课题研究现状及发展趋势 (课题研究领域的发展现状及可能的发展方向)
Research Status:
Study of color words has long attracted linguists’ attention. The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words. This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, due to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions. Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences. The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance..
Research Tendency:
21st century’s color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad. The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality.
三、研究内容及研究目标 (对研究的内容进行说明，并阐明要达到的目标)
Research Contents:
A. Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms
1.Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
1.1 Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Dignified
1.2 Black Is Associated With Profit
1.3 Black Is Associated With the Black People
2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
2.1 Black Is Associated With the Death
2.2 Black Is Associated With the Evil and Unfortunate
2.3 Black Is Associated With the Shame and Disgraceful
2.4 Black Is Associated With Anger
B. Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms
1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
1.1 White Is Associated With the Pure and Lucky
1.2 White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty
2. Negative Connotations and Reflections in Idioms
2.1 White Is Associated With Death and Poor
2.2 White Is Associated With Worthless and Timid
C. Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms
1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
1.1 Red Is Associated With Honor and Love
2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
2.1 Red is Associated with the Obscenity
2.2 Red Is Associated With Revolution and Socialism.
2.3 Red Is Associated With Danger and Loss
D. Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Reflections in Idioms
1.Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
1.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Noble
1.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Joy and Missing
2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
2.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Vulgar and Exaggerative
2.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Coward and Disease
Research Objectives:
I write this thesis in order to make English learners have a better understanding of the cultural meaning of color words and enhance communication skills, avoid conflict in Western culture.
四、预计的研究难点 (课题研究过程中可能遇到的理论难题或技术难点)
With the changing society, people have a view of things may have diametrically opposite point of view, how is the color of the word has become more authoritative to be a problem; how to get people to attach importance to the implied meaning of color words which may lead to cultural conflict is also a problem. As the color words in real life, the widely used, it is difficult in a paper summarizing, so how to form the color words of the formation of an effective system is a difficult. Possible problems also contain: (1) Limited availability of helpful data, especially the books or articles written by the native scholars; (2) Difficulty in the presentation of insightful ideas and the attainment in originality due to lack of the knowledge related.
五、创新点 (选题、观点、理论、材料、方法等创新点)
The English language is developing constantly, keeping absorbing more color words. What is new in my thesis is that I try to focus my study on color words in modern English, making the research keep pace with the times, with the latest development in loanwords.
六、进度计划 (根据研究内容及研究目标所预计的进度安排)
1. Nov.16th - Nov.22nd , 2008 Subject selecting & topic narrowing
2. Nov.23rd - Dec.20th , 2008 Data gathering
3. Dec.21st - Jan.10th , 2009 Opening report & detailed outline
4. Jan.11th - Feb.8th, 2009 Literature review
5. Feb.9th - Mar.14th, 2009 First draft
6. Mar.15th - Apr.10th, 2009 Second draft
7. Apr.11th - Apr.20th, 2009 Final version
8. Apr.27th - May 14th, 2009 Printing
9. May 17th - May 25th, 2009 Thesis debate
七、资料来源 (指能够支持“课题背景”、“课题研究现状及发展趋势”所论述内容的主要文献资料)
[1] Baugh, A.C. & Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language [M]. Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.
[2] Eckersley, C.E. Brighter English [M]. London: Longman, 1979.
[3] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Mac Millan Education, 1985.
[4] Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English [Z]. London: Oxford University, 1974.
[5] Knowles, G. A Cultural History of the English Language [M]. U.S.A.: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 1997.
[6] Lott, B. A Course in English Language and Literature [M]. U.S.A.: Edward Arnold, 1989.
[7] Lyons, J. Language and Linguistics [M]. London: Longman, 1981.
[8] Wales, K. Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
[9] Wu Weizen. History and Anthology of English Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.
[10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan. Modern English Lexicology [M]. Peking: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007.
[11] 陈永烨.“英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异” [J].《辽宁工程技术大学学报》，2005，(7).
[12] 戴炜栋,何兆熊.《新编简明英语语言学教程》[A].上海:上海外语出版社,2002.
[13] 邓炎昌，刘润清.《语言与文化》[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社，1991.
[14] 蒋栋元.“论颜色及颜色词的文化差异” [J]. 《四川外语学院学报》，2002，(3).
[15] 唐振华.“英汉颜色词的翻译” [J].《中国科技翻译》，1997，(2).
指导教师意见:(对课题的认可意见)
指导教师
年 月 日
系(教研室)审查意见:
系(教研室)主任:
年 月 日
论文开题报告答辩做PPT内容主要就是论文讲了什么，研究背景，过程，结论。大概20-30页左右就可以了。看你学校要求，依报告时间要求来做ppt，一般准备个3，5分钟报告陈述就行了，答辩之前写好陈述稿，自己掐点试一遍。如果学校要求不少于十分钟之类的，最好做两手准备吧，因为实际答辩的时候通常因为时间原因老师就会让你说个三分钟就行了，十分钟的话ppt大概二十页左右。
论文答辩：
