Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large.The same problem,on a smaller scale,faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs.There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange. By doing so they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institution, both at home and overseas.When the saver needs his money back,he does not have to go to the company wiht whom he originally placed it.Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker(证券经纪人)to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.
Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function.All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The government,local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently needed to borrow money to finance major capital spending,and they,too,come to The Stock Exchange.
There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her emplorers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.
我是一个高考的过来人，高考成绩129分，平时大考碰狗屎运也考过130+的分数。首先我想请阁下明白一个道理冰冻三尺非一日之寒，所以坚持很重要，英语是一门很看重积累的科目。
虽然我高考已经好多年了，而且今年即将大学毕业，踏入社会。但英语一直没有丢，英语一直是我的排头兵！我对英语的自信还有，我觉得学好英语不难，重要的是你要有恒心，急躁冒进，三天打渔两天晒网都是不行的。在这里我就毛遂自荐一下我的学习方法吧：
首先先你要端正心态，不要急躁，，你做你自己的事，这样才能静下心来学习。要成为英语高手就必须比别人走更多的路，做更多的事。你应该明白一个事实，英语是单词和语法的综合，所以单词和语法都要拿下。
其次，对于单词，有如下几种方法，第一个，是加强记忆的频度，也就是说，早上记了几个，隔几个小时又看一次，总之一天之内，记忆的间隔不要太长，否则你辛苦积累的记忆会随着时间的延长而淡化，第二个，是可以根据自己的理解编顺口溜，比如good morning是狗摸你…（见笑了）…，第三个，最重要的是，记单词的时候，不要忘了阅读，一边记单词，一边看文章，这样可以把孤立的单词串联起来，记忆的效果会加倍，第四个。我建议你记单词要分门别类记忆，要形成一个意群，比如，重要性用magnitude magnificence，表示非常，大大地有exceedingly，tremendously，extremely……这样做在你写作时，是十分有好处的，写作时不要尽写一些低级词汇，你要写高级词汇，比如重要性写magnitude，许多写a multitude of或者handsome。
再次，是语法。学习语法，首先要明白什么是主谓宾定状补，什么是系动词，什么是直接宾语，间接宾语，这些是学习语法的基础，语法是房子，主谓宾定状补等是沙石砖瓦。然后就要多做一些语法专项练习，并在此过程中不断总结，并时时回顾那些了解，那些依然不理解，需要注意的是，那些不理解的一定要花时间弄清楚，否则对自己的不负责将会导致英语语法一知半解的结局！这对于想成为英语高手的人来说，是十分不利的！（注：本人从开始时不知主谓宾，到熟练掌握语法，把语法书看了不下二十遍，书都翻烂了！莫笑本人愚笨……）
此外，对于完形填空以及阅读理解，那就只能靠平时的练习了，在这个过程中，你要时时总结，纵深对比，千万不要陷入题海战术只做题，不总结的误区当中。在做题的过程中，你把各种体型都总结了一遍，积累了丰富的经验，而且你还提升了自己的阅读速度，一举两得，所以做题是很重要的！其实，完形填空无非就是单项选择加语境分析，也就是说，做完形填空你的语法要好，而且你要积累比较多的固定搭配，短语，特殊用法等，完形填空的语法还是很重要的！对于阅读，我个人感觉是，纯粹是个人经验积累多少的问题，只有保证一定的练习量，你才能用质的提高！
最后，我建议你，平时读报，或者做题的时候，发现有好的句子好的词汇，你要抄下来，长期下来，你的作文会有提高的，需要说明的是，这个提高过程可能很缓慢，但是最后能收到很好的效果，以前25分的作文我都能保证在21-23这个级别，靠的就是对语法的熟练掌握和积累了许多较高级的词汇，句型，句子。我个人的理解是，在你的语法达到基本不会出错的程度上，作文便应该以词汇取胜，因为在这个层次上，大家的语法都差不多，没什么变化，唯一有变化的就是你的词汇！给你打个比方吧，很多想到“许多”就用many，但是你别忘了many a；handsome；massive，innumerable；很多人想到“专家”就写expert，但很少人会想到specialist，很多人在想到“擅长”这词，就写be good at，却不知还有更高级的表达法：be expert at或者excel in ……高手和庸才，就体现在这些细微的差别上！！
Outline
Thesis Statement: Difference in eastern western culture causes a thing different in value orientation, Translation of a work of a movie gets a way of direct translation, and, it's possible to admit for an audience. It’s need to changed the Culture in the movie.
Ⅰ. Introduction: China's movie translation enterprise has passed through more than 50 year magnificent course, Movie translator offered many outstanding translated movies to the mass audiences. Through these outstanding translated movies, the audience while understood foreign land local conditions and social customs also to feel the language infinite charm, many splendid dialogues have become the beautiful line which struggled is on everybody's lips. If "there will be bread. All would have. " (the former Soviet Union film "Lenin in 1918") has inspired generations of adversity live audience in China . Evidently, the film as the mass media, its social effects are incalculable. However, in academic fields, Because of the impact of secular bias, the film is certainly very cold : Translation Studies, Translation Studies seem to completely ignore this area for the. To this end, China's famous scholars Television translation Professor Qian Shao wrote that Television translation of the translation is far less atte
nti
on to literary translation. This translation of the Television disproportionate role in the community. This phenomenon frequently This should arouse the attention of the translation industry.
Ⅱ. Language and culture
The language is a country culture carrier, reflects this country's the political economy, the material culture, the religious belief, the manners and customs and so on. The language is different, the thinking mode, the behavior way as well as the language expression way is also different.
This shows that the translation is not as simple as it is not only doing language, in which it stresses culture in the story.
Ⅲ.Cultural reconstruction
The movie translation namely has the general character with other literary work translation also to have its own particularity. Same is all is expresses in the thought with the language art, different is the movie translation needs simultaneously to achieve manifests in the writing, forms in the sound, expresses in the audience.
Ⅳ. The culture touches up
Strictly speaking, the translation of a film like filling a word, thinking the contents can not be altered. Each expression has the "style Melody" has also been strictly limited. If translator neglected "I type" of the law, regardless of the words "priorities", said the mayor short, "meaning the right can be," Well, the voice-over : guns, then there will be the following
Ⅴ. Conclusion : The choice of film translation modes largely contributes to the reception of a source language film in a target culture. The influences of culture factor are leading.
the influences of objective factors on film translations
Abstract: Difference in eastern western culture causes a thing different in value orientation,Translation of a work of a movie gets a way of direct translation, and, it's possible to admit for an audience. It’s need to changed the Culture in the movie.
Key word: Translation of a movie Culture gap
China's movie translation enterprise has passed through more than 50 year magnificent course, Movie translator offered many outstanding translated movies to the mass audiences. Through these outstanding translated movies, the audience while understood foreign land local conditions and social customs also to feel the language infinite charm, many splendid dialogues have become the beautiful line which struggled is on everybody's lips. If "there will be bread. All would have. " (the former Soviet Union film "Lenin in 1918") has inspired generations of adversity live audience in China . Evidently, the film as the mass media, its social effects are incalculable. However, in academic fields, Because of the impact of secular bias, the film is certainly very cold : Translation Studies, Translation Studies seem to completely ignore this area for the. To this end, China's famous scholars Television translation Professor Qian Shao wrote that Television translation of the translation is far less attention to literary
tr
anslation. This translation of the Television disproportionate role in the community. This phenomenon frequently This should arouse the attention of the translation industry.
1、Language and culture
The language is a country culture carrier, reflects this country's the political economy, the material culture, the religious belief, the manners and customs and so on. The language is different, the thinking mode, the behavior way as well as the language expression way is also different. The language in the sound film is the essential constituent, in the movie work the splendid dialogue, the fragment makes one be worth hearing a hundred times, cannot dismiss from mind for a very long time. The culture in the society on like the memory in the individual, was the people all feasible thing precipitation gets down in the past life, turned the language slowly, turns the writing, turns music, turns the custom, turns the construction, turns the clothing, even turned not the obvious thinking mode, did not affect the future thought, the experience and the motion.
Language and cultural interdependent. Language is the crystallization of culture, culture is transmitted through language. Pragmatic exchanges as a medium for the inevitable translation different language deal can not but be with their respective culture communication. Translation understanding of the basic links and expression is subject to the original language and translated phrase structure rules, and their rules for the use of double requirement. Understand the results of the original language is the meaning and bearing the cultural information, It familiar with the original language of the rules and structure of the use of rules of the community, which can not be divorced from the original language of social and cultural factors; expression with the purpose of understanding found in the information with the target language in its social and cultural context for the effective exchange, It consistent with the structure of language translation rules and the rules for the use of the conditions, So in kee
pin
g with the target language the social and cultural factors collide, the integration phase, therefore, the mission of the translation, in the final analysis, is a social and cultural context to get out and then enter a social and cultural context, and its appearance and the language is the language of communication, and the essence of culture and cultural exchanges. Therefore, the cultural translation by the point of view of language is the carrier of culture, culture is the language of the regulation, translation is culture and culture of dialogue, cross-cultural transmission. As such, the translator must be familiar with the two cultures.
Translation cross-cultural communication is the intermediary links, culture and communication with the dual nature. And the dissemination of culture and integration, is like a "wave-particle duality" -- its "tablets" is a cultural, The "wave" is spread. (15) In other words, Culture and Communication each other for the survival of that culture is the spread of content, is culturally. cultural context of communications. Therefore, we can say this is the process of translating culture and the culture of dialogue, the dissemination of culture, translation itself is a culture, is spread occurs in the language exchanges in the process of cross-cultural communication.
This shows that the translation is not as simple as it is not only doing language, in which it stresses culture in the story; We should not only understand one language, one culture, but also links the two languages, two cultures -- This is the minimum condition For this one, everyone is very difficult to do. Cultural Images "a cultural symbol, it has a relatively fixed unique cultural meaning, and some are still rich with meaning Lenovo far-reaching, as long as the people I mentioned them, a tacit understanding between each other immediately, very easy to communicate ideas. "phenomena and the implication of the two images is an important component. Phenomena is the significance of the information carrier, which was formed image of the objective facts; implies is phenomena in a certain language and the cultural environment of the extended meaning. Imagery that is the function in a variety of contexts, with concrete to the abstract performance, known or easy to know the unknown or enlightenment is difficult
to
know. If the Song Dynasty poet Su Shi, in his famous "Ode of Chibi before," using such Ephemeroptera Chaoshengmusi small insects to describe life is short, people are very insignificant : "Ephemeroptera sent to earth, there has been a drop in the proverbial bucket. "English Proverb It is the last straw that breaks th e camel 's back. meaning "camel overloading, with a straw it will be crushed. "Proverbs imagery words the last straw" Finally a rice grass, "and vividly symbolize" of a people or something intolerable to the pole. "
2、Cultural reconstruction
The movie translation namely has the general character with other literary work translation also to have its own particularity. Same is all is expresses in the thought with the language art, different is the movie translation needs simultaneously to achieve manifests in the writing, forms in the sound, expresses in the audience.
But Chinese, English belong the entirely different two big language families, Chinese are the glyph English are the alphabetic scripts. Movie translator must carry on the successful cut between these two kind of entirely different language families is not an easy matter. The cultural reconstruction finds at everywhere in the movie translation.
The English movie 《Red Shoes》 , mainly narrated an England ballerina cannot make the correct choice facing love and the enterprise, finally moves towards the cliff the chilly wan story. At first when domestic showing, the movie is translated “the red dance shoes”, although the literal translation is faithful to English original intention, also threads up the plot, but appears after all writes in a straightforward manner, arouses audience's any association with difficulty. Later period, the identical movie film title is translated on a foreign outstanding movie exhibition tour “the red water chestnut to be colorful”, thin savors thin, although the movie flipped the translator to compare with that double delicate red dance shoes the red water chestnut which the Chinese audience women and children all knew, the implication red water chestnut grew in the muddy water sludge, actually tender and beautiful enchanting, curved red water, justed like China ancient times female's woman's bound feet, the woman's bound
