英语作为一门学科,其本身即承载和蕴含有丰富的德育功能。但这些德育动能需要教师有意识的创设一定的教育情境。情景是道德教育中重要而有意义的组成部分。下面是我给大家推荐的英语教育类论文范文,希望大家喜欢!
《高中英语课堂教学中的德育教育与教学方法探索》
摘要:本文简要论述了英语语言和高中英语课程中所蕴含的德育功能,并进一步提出教师在利用教材和课堂所提供的虚拟道德情境帮助学生获得道德认知的基础上,还应该采用多种教学方法,有意识的为学生在课堂上提供人际交往的机会和场景。以创设真实的道德教育情境,在帮助学生有效完成英语学习的同时,引导他们达到道德知、情、意、行的统一。
关键词:道德;德育教育;高中英语;道德教育情境
中共中央国务院《关于进一步加强和改进未成年人思想道德建设的若干意见》要求:“学校……把德育工作摆在素质教育的首要位置,贯穿于教育教学的各个环节。”道德教育不是学校某一门课程的专有职能,也不是只在某一特定时候才开展的工作。“只有将道德教育与知识教学结合起来,通过学校开设的各种课程进行道德教育,才能为人的精神丰富与道德成长找到一条有效的途径”。
一、英语语言所蕴含的德育功能
早在上世纪20年代初,萨丕尔就指出,语言是描述人类经验与对世界认识的方式,同一语言社区的成员有着共同的、系统的信仰和理念,他们决定了社区的结构,并通过语言表达出来。因此,语言与文化不是互不相干的孤立的现象,他们紧密联系在一起。当代语言观认为,语言是文化的主要载体,也是习得文化的主要途径之一,而离开了文化,也不可能正确的习得与学习语言。何谓文化?英国人类学家泰勒(1871)指出,文化是指社会成员习得的知识、信仰,艺术、道德、法律与习俗的综合体。B.Tomolin等人则进一步将文化分成三大块:思想、产物、与行为,而其中思想起着决定性作用。3由此可见。英语语言本身就承载着思想道德的内容。学习英语语言的过程,同时也是从另一个角度接受德育教育的过程。
二、高中英语课程中的德育功能
要开发和实现高中英语课程中的德育功能,首先要澄清德育教育的内容是什么。道德是一个人对人、事、物及其关系的基本观点,态度,情感及行为表现。4在人与人(他人与群体)之间,主体我(I)与客体我(me)之间,人与动物、人与自然、人与工作、人与神之间都存在道德关系。5从1997年3月正式开始实施的“全球生活价值教育项目”(Living Values Educa-tional Project)所提出的核心德目对我们的德育教育应该具有启示和指导作用,它们是:合作、自由、幸福、诚实、谦卑、爱心、和平、尊重、责任、朴素、容忍、团结。
教育部干2003年颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准(试验)》对英语的课程性质作了如下规定:“英语课程的学习,既是学生通过英语学习和实践活动,逐步掌握英语知识和技能,提高语言实际运用能力的过程,又是他们磨练意志、陶冶情操、拓展事业、丰富生活经历,开发个性和提高人文素养的过程。”这其中显然包含了思想道德教育的内容。相应的,《课程标准》将“培养爱国主义精神,形成健康的人生观”等作为英语课程的任务之一。
我们现行高中英语教材是高中英语教学的媒介物,是经过筛选的学习资料,这些材料本身就蕴含有丰富的德育功能。以人教版全日制普通高级中学教科书(必修)英语第二册(上)为例:该书包括10个主题单元的内容,这10个主题分别涉及到了辩学、自然、文学、艺术、文化、生活、环保等领域,为学生提供了相关方面的一些知识,同时也为他们深入思考人类与这些事物之间的道德关系提供了很好的平台。比如第一单元的阅读文章No:Boundaries给学生简要介绍了Stephen Hawking,学生可以在学习掌握英语语言知识的同时,了解Hawking顽强的奋斗史,从而去追问顽强、信念、意志、责任之于生命的意义,去探求自由、幸福的哲学意义。
三、英语教学与道德教育情境的创设
如前所述,英语作为一门学科,其本身即承载和蕴含有丰富的德育功能。但这些德育动能需要教师有意识的创设一定的教育情境。情景是道德教育中重要而有意义的组成部分,情景不同,所产生的学习方式不同,其学习结果和效果也不同。
(一)课堂教学与虚拟道德情景
课堂教学就可以提供一种道德教育情境。以扎实高效的认知法(the cognitive approach)为例,其步骤一般是这样的:1、复习导入。讲解新词;2,讲解语法;3、语法练习;4、讲授新课,并展小组活动。逐句讨论课文内容与意义。教师总结;5、回到课文,听录音,学生就课文内容提问。如此,尤其是在开展第4和第5步骤的过程中,学生在老师有意识的引导下,在阅读材料和课堂所提供的虚拟情境中,即可获得一定的道德认知。但认知并非道德教育的全部,道德情感、道德意志和道德行动亦是道德教育非常重要的组成部分,毕竟,“人是做成的而并非生就的”。对于虚拟情境中的个体来讲,他的所作所为只是他的一种意象,并不能保证其在真实情最能够达到道德知、情、意、行的统一。
(二)课堂教学与真实道德情景
课堂教学中的真实情境最主要的是课堂人际交往中发生的各种场景,包括师生交往、生生交往等。这种情境因为过去一直没有受到教师教育意识的足够关注,教师和学生往往会在这种情境中展示出自己最自然本真的一面,因而它所体现的道德更多的是直觉性和习惯化的行为,因此也就更加利于师生之间进行更加有效的道德观察、道德评价和道德教育。当然,这要求教师在课堂教学中注意采用一些鼓励课堂人际交往的教学方法,如交际法,提示法、社区式语言学习法、整体教学法,任务型语言教学法、合作型学习等,并在教学开展的过程中有意识的关注自己和学生在课堂交往时的道德行为和表现,及时给予评价或鼓励。
需要说明的是,在道德教育的过程中——无论是虚拟情境抑或真实情境中,应鼓励学生在对话与协商中提升其道德判断和行为抉择的能力。为了保证师生、生生之间对话与协商的有效,在课堂交往中教师应注意有关言说与倾听有关的问题。在这里,哈贝马斯(Habermas.J)所界定的理想言说的四个条件或许会有帮助:言说内容的真实性;言说行动的适当性,言说者意向的真诚性,言说含义的可领会性。至于倾听,教师则应注意避免“不倾听”、“不健全倾听”、“虚假倾听”、“拒绝倾听”、“批发式倾听”和“同情式倾听”等几种情况和倾向。
当然,德育教育绝非仅由教师和课堂教育教学就能完成,它需要政府、社会、学校、社区,家长和受教育者本人的共同努力。本研究仅希望能够对广大同行在相关方面的课堂教学提供一些思考。
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Elementarynbsp;Englishnbsp;Languagenbsp;Artsnbsp;Methodsnbsp;-nbsp;Tenure-streamnbsp;ornbsp;Tenurednbsp;appointmentnbsp;-nbsp;UOIT07-61Elementarynbsp;Englishnbsp;Languagenbsp;Artsnbsp;Methodsnbsp;Competionnbsp;No:nbsp;nbsp;UOIT07-61Postingnbsp;Date:nbsp;nbsp;Augustnbsp;31,nbsp;2007Closingnbsp;Date:nbsp;nbsp;Novembernbsp;16,nbsp;2007Positionnbsp;Title:nbsp;nbsp;Tenure-streamnbsp;ornbsp;Tenurednbsp;tracknbsp;appointment;nbsp;ranknbsp;ofnbsp;Assistantnbsp;ornbsp;Associatenbsp;ProfessorFacultynbsp;ornbsp;Department:nbsp;nbsp;Facultynbsp;ofnbsp;EducationWenbsp;invitenbsp;younbsp;tonbsp;considernbsp;joiningnbsp;UOIT‘snbsp;globallynbsp;trainednbsp;facultynbsp;asnbsp;wenbsp;furthernbsp;ournbsp;reputationnbsp;asnbsp;anbsp;leading-edgenbsp;learningnbsp;environmentnbsp;andnbsp;deliveringnbsp;innovativenbsp;research.nbsp;UOITnbsp;hasnbsp;anbsp;21st-centurynbsp;visionnbsp;ofnbsp;teachingnbsp;andnbsp;learningnbsp;excellence.nbsp;Ournbsp;educationalnbsp;philosophynbsp;isnbsp;tonbsp;challenge,nbsp;tonbsp;encouragenbsp;innovation,nbsp;andnbsp;tonbsp;connectnbsp;ournbsp;faculty,nbsp;studentsnbsp;andnbsp;thenbsp;communitynbsp;whilenbsp;respectingnbsp;thenbsp;bestnbsp;practicenbsp;traditionsnbsp;ofnbsp;Canada‘snbsp;establishednbsp;universities.Thenbsp;Facultynbsp;ofnbsp;Educationnbsp;atnbsp;UOITnbsp;invitesnbsp;applicationsnbsp;fornbsp;anbsp;tenure-streamnbsp;ornbsp;tenurednbsp;appointment,nbsp;withnbsp;expertisenbsp;innbsp;Elementarynbsp;Englishnbsp;Languagenbsp;Artsnbsp;Methods,nbsp;atnbsp;thenbsp;ranknbsp;ofnbsp;Assistantnbsp;ornbsp;Associatenbsp;Professor,nbsp;effectivenbsp;Julynbsp;1,nbsp;2008.nbsp;Thenbsp;Facultynbsp;ofnbsp;Educationnbsp;atnbsp;UOITnbsp;innbsp;Oshawa,nbsp;Ontario,nbsp;seeksnbsp;innovativenbsp;tenurednbsp;andnbsp;tenure-streamnbsp;teachernbsp;educatorsnbsp;tonbsp;participatenbsp;innbsp;thenbsp;developmentnbsp;andnbsp;deliverynbsp;ofnbsp;itsnbsp;technology-enhancednbsp;programs.nbsp;Thenbsp;Faculty‘snbsp;B.Ed.nbsp;programsnbsp;servenbsp;tonbsp;preparenbsp;elementarynbsp;andnbsp;secondarynbsp;teachersnbsp;innbsp;thenbsp;physicalnbsp;andnbsp;biologicalnbsp;sciences,nbsp;mathematics,nbsp;computernbsp;science,nbsp;visualnbsp;arts,nbsp;geography,nbsp;dramanbsp;andnbsp;English.nbsp;Thenbsp;Facultynbsp;alsonbsp;offersnbsp;anbsp;rangenbsp;ofnbsp;professionalnbsp;developmentnbsp;andnbsp;additionalnbsp;qualificationnbsp;coursesnbsp;andnbsp;isnbsp;developingnbsp;anbsp;proposalnbsp;fornbsp;graduatenbsp;studies.nbsp;nbsp;UOITnbsp;isnbsp;committednbsp;tonbsp;anbsp;technology-enhancednbsp;Mobilenbsp;Learningnbsp;environmentnbsp;innbsp;whichnbsp;everynbsp;studentnbsp;usesnbsp;anbsp;laptopnbsp;computernbsp;andnbsp;allnbsp;facultynbsp;membersnbsp;teachnbsp;usingnbsp;anbsp;laptopnbsp;computer.nbsp;Applicationsnbsp;arenbsp;soughtnbsp;fr
Elementarynbsp;Englishnbsp;Languagenbsp;Artsnbsp;Methodsnbsp;-nbsp;Tenure-streamnbsp;ornbsp;Tenurednbsp;appointmentnbsp;-nbsp;UOIT07-61Elementarynbsp;Englishnbsp;Languagenbsp;Artsnbsp;Methodsnbsp;Competionnbsp;No:nbsp;nbsp;UOIT07-61Postingnbsp;Date:nbsp;nbsp;Augustnbsp;31,nbsp;2007Closingnbsp;Date:nbsp;nbsp;Novembernbsp;16,nbsp;2007Positionnbsp;Title:nbsp;nbsp;Tenure-streamnbsp;ornbsp;Tenurednbsp;tracknbsp;appointment;nbsp;ranknbsp;ofnbsp;Assistantnbsp;ornbsp;Associatenbsp;ProfessorFacultynbsp;ornbsp;Department:nbsp;nbsp;Facultynbsp;ofnbsp;EducationWenbsp;invitenbsp;younbsp;tonbsp;considernbsp;joiningnbsp;UOIT‘snbsp;globallynbsp;trainednbsp;facultynbsp;asnbsp;wenbsp;furthernbsp;ournbsp;reputationnbsp;asnbsp;anbsp;leading-edgenbsp;learningnbsp;environmentnbsp;andnbsp;deliveringnbsp;innovativenbsp;research.nbsp;UOITnbsp;hasnbsp;anbsp;21st-centurynbsp;visionnbsp;ofnbsp;teachingnbsp;andnbsp;learningnbsp;excellence.nbsp;Ournbsp;educationalnbsp;philosophynbsp;isnbsp;tonbsp;challenge,nbsp;tonbsp;encouragenbsp;innovation,nbsp;andnbsp;tonbsp;connectnbsp;ournbsp;faculty,nbsp;studentsnbsp;andnbsp;thenbsp;communitynbsp;whilenbsp;respectingnbsp;thenbsp;bestnbsp;practicenbsp;traditionsnbsp;ofnbsp;Canada‘snbsp;establishednbsp;universities.Thenbsp;Facultynbsp;ofnbsp;Educationnbsp;atnbsp;UOITnbsp;invitesnbsp;applicationsnbsp;fornbsp;anbsp;tenure-streamnbsp;ornbsp;tenurednbsp;appointment,nbsp;withnbsp;expertisenbsp;innbsp;Elementarynbsp;Englishnbsp;Languagenbsp;Artsnbsp;Methods,nbsp;atnbsp;thenbsp;ranknbsp;ofnbsp;Assistantnbsp;ornbsp;Associatenbsp;Professor,nbsp;effectivenbsp;Julynbsp;1,nbsp;2008.nbsp;Thenbsp;Facultynbsp;ofnbsp;Educationnbsp;atnbsp;UOITnbsp;innbsp;Oshawa,nbsp;Ontario,nbsp;seeksnbsp;innovativenbsp;tenurednbsp;andnbsp;tenure-streamnbsp;teachernbsp;educatorsnbsp;tonbsp;participatenbsp;innbsp;thenbsp;developmentnbsp;andnbsp;deliverynbsp;ofnbsp;itsnbsp;technology-enhancednbsp;programs.nbsp;Thenbsp;Faculty‘snbsp;B.Ed.nbsp;programsnbsp;servenbsp;tonbsp;preparenbsp;elementarynbsp;andnbsp;secondarynbsp;teachersnbsp;innbsp;thenbsp;physicalnbsp;andnbsp;biologicalnbsp;sciences,nbsp;mathematics,nbsp;computernbsp;science,nbsp;visualnbsp;arts,nbsp;geography,nbsp;dramanbsp;andnbsp;English.nbsp;Thenbsp;Facultynbsp;alsonbsp;offersnbsp;anbsp;rangenbsp;ofnbsp;professionalnbsp;developmentnbsp;andnbsp;additionalnbsp;qualificationnbsp;coursesnbsp;andnbsp;isnbsp;developingnbsp;anbsp;proposalnbsp;fornbsp;graduatenbsp;studies.nbsp;nbsp;UOITnbsp;isnbsp;committednbsp;tonbsp;anbsp;technology-enhancednbsp;Mobilenbsp;Learningnbsp;environmentnbsp;innbsp;whichnbsp;everynbsp;studentnbsp;usesnbsp;anbsp;laptopnbsp;computernbsp;andnbsp;allnbsp;facultynbsp;membersnbsp;teachnbsp;usingnbsp;anbsp;laptopnbsp;computer.nbsp;Applicationsnbsp;arenbsp;soughtnbsp;fr
EarthDay originally celebrated at Spring Equinox around March 20, is an annualday on which events are held worldwide to increase awareness and appreciationof the Earth’s natural environment. Now Earth Day is coordinatedglobally by the Earth Day Network,and is celebrated in more than 175countries every year.In 2009, the United Nations designated April22 International Mother Earth
最初,地球日是在每年的春分,也就是三月二十号,这一天世界各地都会进行各种活动,希望能够增强人们的环境意识。现金,在同名组织“地球日组织”的协调下,地球日每年都在超过175个国家进行。 2009年,联合国指定每年的四月二十二号为世界地球日。
People are more active doing something which isfriendly to the environment on Earth Day, like saving water, collectingrecyclable waste, reducing the uses of chemical materials which could pollutethe environment, etc..
世界地球日这一天,人们会更加主动地去做一些有益于环境的事情,例如,节约用水,回收可再回收利用的废物,减少可能造成环境污染的化学物质的使用等等。
Nowadays our world is highly developed with the improvementof technology. The wide use of technology helped us build factories,laboratories, mines, dams and all kinds of facilities which are supposed to dogood to the mankind. And of course they have brought and are still bringing usbenifits. But in the meanwhile they are causing and will be keeping causingserious environmental problems, such as all kinds of pollutions, the damage tothe ozonosphere and so on. And with the growing population of mankind, We areacctually ravaging the living condition of other species, which would cause theimbalance or even collapse of the ecosystem.
现今,科技的发展带来了整个世界的高度开发。在科技广泛应用的帮助下,我们建立了各种各样的工厂,实验室,矿场,水坝以及其他所有的能够给人类带来益处的设施。这些设施在带给我们利益的同时,也对环境产生了严重的影响,例如,各种形式的污染,对臭氧层的损伤等等。同时,人类人口的增长,我们也在不停地掠夺其他物种的生存环境。这很有可能造成生态圈的失衡甚至是崩溃。
Acctually we can treat everyday as the Earth Dayand be aware of environmental protection all the time. In which way, our motherearth could be protected and she would be able to support us much longer.
其实,我们可以把每一天都当做世界地球日,每天都有意识地保护环境。这样,我们才能够保护我们的地球,她也能够更长久地养育我们。
If the Dream is Big EnoughI used to watch her from mykitchenwindow, she seemed so small as she 1)muscled her way throughthecrowd of boys on the playground. The school was across thestreetfrom our home and I would often watch the kids as theyplayedduring recess. A sea of children, and yet to me, she stoodout fromthem all.I remr the first day I saw her playing basketball.Iwatched in wonder as she ran circles around the other kids.Shemanaged to shoot jump shots just over their heads and into thenet.The boys always tried to stop her but no one could.I begantonotice her at other times, basketball in hand, playing alone.Shewould practice 2)dribbling and shooting over and overagain,sometimes until dark. One day I asked her why she practicedsomuch. She looked directly in my eyes and without a momentofhesitation she said, “I want to go to college. The only way Icango is if I get a scholarship. I like basketball. I decided thatifI were good enough, I would get a scholarship. I am going toplaycollege basketball. I want to be the best. My Daddy told me ifthedream is big enough, the facts don’t count.” Then she smiledandran towards the court to 3)recap the routine I had seen overandover again.Well, I had to give it to her—she was determined.Iwatched her through those junior high years and into highschool.Every week, she led her 4)varsity team to victory.One day inhersenior year, I saw her sitting in the grass, head cradled inherarms. I walked across the street and sat down in the coolgrassbeside her. Quietly I asked what was wrong. “Oh, nothing,”came asoft reply. “I am just too short.” The coach told her that at5’5”she would probably never get to play for a top ranked team—muchless offered a scholarship—so she should stop dreamingaboutcollege.She was heartbroken and I felt my own throat tightenas Isensed her disappointment. I asked her if she had talked to herdadabout it yet.She lifted her head from her hands and told methather father said those coaches were wrong. They just didnotunderstand the power of a dream. He told her that if shereallywanted to play for a good college, if she truly wantedascholarship, that nothing could stop her except one thing — herownattitude. He told her again, “If the dream is big enough, thefactsdon’t count.”The next year, as she and her team went totheNorthern California Championship game, she was seen by acollege5)recruiter. She was indeed offered a scholarship, a fullride, toa Division I, 6)NCAA women’s basketball team. She was goingto getthe college education that she had dreamed of and workedtoward forall those years.It’s true: If the dream is big enough,the factsdon’t count.
我以前常常从厨房的窗户看到她穿梭于操场上的一群男孩子中间,她显得那么矮小。
学校在我家的街对面,我可以经常看到孩子们在下课时间打球。尽管有一大群的孩子,但我觉得她跟其他的孩子截然不同。
我记得第一天看到她打篮球的情景。看着她在其他孩子旁边兜来转去,我感到十分惊奇。她总是尽力地跳起投篮,球恰好越过那些孩子的头顶飞入篮筐。那些男孩总是拼命地阻止她,但没有人可以做得到。
我开始注意到她有时候一个人打球。她一遍遍地练习运球和投篮,有时直到天黑。有一天我问她为什么这么刻苦地练习。她直视着我的眼睛,不加思索地说:“我想上大学。只有获得奖学金我才能上大学。我喜欢打篮球,我想只要我打得好,我就能获得奖学金。我要到大学去打篮球。我想成为最棒的球员。我爸爸告诉我说,心中有目标,风雨不折腰。”说完她笑了笑,跑向篮球场,又开始我之前见过的一遍又一遍的练习。
嘿,我服了她了——她是下定了决心了。我看着她这些年从初中升到高中。每个星期,她带领的学校篮球代表队都能够获胜。
高中那会儿的某一天,我看见她坐在草地上,头埋在臂弯里。我穿过街道,坐到她旁边的清凉的草地上。我轻轻地问出什么事了。“哦,没什么,”她轻声回答,“只是我太矮了。”原来篮球教练告诉她,以五英尺五英寸的身材,她几乎是没有机会到一流的球队去打球的——更不用说会获得奖学金了——所以她应该放弃想上大学的梦想。
她很伤心,我也觉得自己的喉咙发紧,因为我感觉到了她的失望。我问她是否与她的爸爸谈过这件事。
她从臂弯里抬起头,告诉我,她爸爸说那些教练错了。他们根本不懂得梦想的力量。他告诉她,如果真的想到一个好的大学去打篮球,如果她真的想获得奖学金,任何东西也不能阻止她,除非她自己不愿意。他又一次跟她说:“心中有目标,风雨不折腰。”
第二年,当她和她的球队去参加北加利福尼亚州冠军赛时,她被一位大学的招生人员看中了。她真的获得了奖学金,一个全面资助的奖学金,并且进入美国全国大学体育协会其中一队女子甲组篮球队。她将接受她曾梦想并为之奋斗多年的大学教育。
是的,心中有目标,风雨不折腰。