Design is a particular human beings in order to achieve the purposes of the creative activities, which includes all man-made goods in the formation process.
Industrial design concepts: the current widely used definition of the international Federation of Associations of Industrial Design (ICSID) in 1980 for the annual meeting of the Paris industrial design under the amended definition: "the mass production of industrial products, by virtue of training, technical know-how , Experience and feelings and give visual materials, structure, shape, color, surface processing and decoration to a new quality and qualifications, called industrial design. "
1. Traditional industrial design
Industrial design for the people truly understand and play a role in the outbreak of the industrial revolution, to the industrialized mass production conditions to develop. At that time, a large number of industrial products ugly, has seriously affected people's daily life, industrial design as a change in the situation at the time the inevitable means boarded the historical stage. The traditional industrial design refers to the means of production of industrial products conducted by the planning and design, so that with the use of achieving the best possible match between the creative activities. From this concept of the nature of industrial design: first, industrial design aims to obtain a product with the best match between people. This match, not only to meet the demand for use, but also with the physical, psychological and other areas to demand the right match, which precisely reflects the people-oriented design ideas. Second, the industrial design is a must? Quot; creative activities. "Industrial design of nature that it is a very broad coverage of the cross-integrate the science, get involved in the many areas of research disciplines, like the industrial society of the adhesive, so that the original Isolated disciplines such as: physics, chemistry, biology, marketing, aesthetics, ergonomics, sociology, psychology, philosophy, etc., mutual contact and mutual exchanges, the form of organic unity. Realization of the objective to reveal the natural The laws of science and subjective, dynamic and creative activities for the arts once again joined hands.
2. Modern Industrial Design
Traditional industrial design is the core product design. Accompanied by a history of the development, design content also tends to the development of more extensive and in-depth. Now, the development of human society has entered a modern industrial society, brought about by the design of the material achievements of human existence and its status and way of life is affected by the past can not compare any era, modern industrial design, the concept of this came into being . Modern industrial design can be divided into two levels: general industrial design and narrow industrial design.
General Industrial Design (Generalized Industrial Design)
Means to achieve a particular purpose, from conception to the establishment of a practical implementation plan, with clear and that by means of a series of acts. It contains all the use of modern means of production and services in the design process.
Narrow industrial design (Narrow lndustrial Design)
Referring only to product design, that is, against man and nature in the relevance of the tools and equipment made by the response to the demand. In order to survive, including life and to maintain and develop the necessary such as tools, equipment and products, and other material and equipment carried out by design. Product design is the core of products on the user's body, the heart has a good affinity with the match.
Narrow the definition of industrial design and industrial design of the traditional definition is the same. As industrial design since have always been based on product design, product design often referred to as industrial design.
Industrial Design Category
As the field of industrial design increasingly expanding, and in different areas but also has their own characteristics, we can from different angles on the field of industrial design division:
1. The existence of art as a form of classification:
One-dimensional design, refers only to the design time for the variable; two-dimensional design, also known as graphic design, is targeted at the plane change the subject, such as graphics, text, trademarks, advertising design. Three-dimensional design, also known as three-dimensional design, such as product, packaging, construction and the environment; four-dimensional design, is accompanied by one-dimensional three-dimensional space time (that is, in the form of 3 +1) the design, such as stage design.
2. From the human, natural and social correspondence between starting, in accordance with the disciplines form the essence of the meaning of Category:
Human, natural, social composition of the most basic relations between the circles and classification of the relationship generally is:
◆ product design: the equivalent narrow industrial design, 3D design is based;
◆ environmental design: including all types of building design, urban and regional planning, construction plans, environmental engineering, etc.;
◆ spread to the design of the language, text or graphics as the media and achieve the transfer activities carried out by design. According to the different media Kegui Wei two categories: the text and graphics as the medium of visual communication; language and. Audio media for dissemination of the hearing.
3. In accordance with the concept of industrial design and to define Category:
With the development of technology and the use of modern technology, industrial design and process design of the boundaries are becoming blurred mouth benefits, some of the original Arts and Crafts design of the design activities of both the industrial design features, such as furniture design and fashion design . Industrial design as a connecting bridge between technology and the market, the rapid expansion of commercial areas in all its aspects:
◆ advertising design: including newspapers, magazines, posters, brochures, trademarks, etc.;
◆ display design: including the pavement, Showcase, Showcase, signs, exhibitions, advertising tower;
◆ packaging design: including wrapping paper, packaging, labelling and packaging of goods;
◆ binding design: including magazines, books, artwork, cartoons and layout design.
Even in Zichengtiji in the field of construction, industrial design also play an increasingly important role.
The content of Industrial Design
Industrial design in the enterprise has broad application of space. Therefore, enterprises in the industrial design from the level of demand for industrial design point of view of the contents of the enterprises make better use of industrial design, to create greater value, will provide great convenience.
1. Product Design
Product Design industrial design is the core of enterprise application design is the key link, it will achieve a change in the form of raw materials for a more valuable form. Industrial designers of the people through the physical, psychological, living habits, and so on all the natural attributes of the cognitive and social attributes, product features, performance, form, price, location of the use of the environment, with materials, technology, structure, technology , Shape, color, surface treatment and decoration, cost and other factors, from the social, economic and technical point of view of creative design, production and management in enterprises in achieving design quality assurance, under the premise that the product is a product enterprises, market Of goods, but also the ordinary people of supplies to customer needs and business benefits of perfect unity.
2. Corporate image design (Corporate ldenlti-fication System, referred to CIS)
Enterprise recognition system from a unified corporate philosophy, standardize enterprise behavior and consistent posed by the visual image. Through the CIS design, so that enterprises have the visual impact can be clearly shows that corporate personality, strength and confidence in enterprises is a manifestation. A successful business must be a cohesive internal and external consumers can trust and identity, thereby enhancing corporate reputation, and corporate management objectives and development goals.
3. Environmental Design (and the interface between the hardware design)
Industrial design as a communication and the environment (construction, transportation, room, shopping malls, streets……) between the interface language to intervene in environmental design. Through the different acts, objectives and the needs of awareness, to object to the design - kind of language, people and the environment for the financial - physical, to give a cordial and convenient, comfortable feeling. Focus on solving urban environmental design of human interface between the building and all the problems, such as: information, signal systems, environmental protection programmes, so as to also participate in solving the social life of the major issues.
4. Design Management (Des; 8n Mana8ement, referred to DM)
Design activities soon as the operation of enterprises in important part in project management, interface management, design management systems, such as the development of product line management, be good at using design tools, and implementing design-oriented thinking and behavior, and with the strategy or technological achievements Into a product or service process. Design management into the enterprise is an indispensable element for the success of enterprises to follow the design principles and strategies in the development of enterprises in production and business activities of various departments for guidance, to achieve the design objective, value-added products. Successful use of design management, will enable enterprises in the strategic planning stage to contain the operating strategy, strategic advantages for products and enterprises in the competition-set a good foundation.
The ultimate aim of industrial design is to meet the physical and psychological needs of many of the largest. Industrial products, arts and crafts people is to meet production and daily needs, no doubt for the industrial design is modern services, to meet the demands of modern people. Therefore, it is first necessary to meet people's physical needs - product features. 1 cup must be able to drink water, a pen must be able to write, a bike must be able to travel, a truck must be able to load and so on. The first industrial design is aimed through the rational planning of products due to people more easily use them to better play its effectiveness. In research on the basis of product performance, industrial design also adopted a reasonable shape means so that products can have very spirit of the times, in line with performance, and coordination of environmental products form so that people can have the enjoyment of the United States.
Industrial design and industrial modernization is the inevitable product of market competition, designed to target the mass production methods of industrialized products, industrial design of modern human life has a huge impact, but also constrained by the realities of production and living standards.
Industrial design companies in the position and role:
• Design is a bridge between enterprises and the market: On the one hand, production and technology into the market demand for products, on the one hand the market feedback to promote the development of enterprises enterprises.
• • design is a means of value-added products: the biggest role in the enterprise is to raise the value-added products. The value of this additional material is not visible presence, more of the performance of the invisible. Appearance, product image
• • Design is an important enterprise resources: good design enterprises will have a better reputation, making enterprises more dynamic, a company's development tools
• • design integrity of the enterprise is to establish a means of visual images: the visual image of business is to establish the appearance of the best brand image, which is the company a unique style.
Industrial design creativity is a good product design the most important prerequisite for simplicity is an important indicator of good design, product design is a measure of applicability of another important criterion, a reasonable man-machine relations, human-computer interface harmony, their own language products should be good at self - Notes, and carefully handle every detail, emphasis on regional ethnic characteristics, contains cultural identity, attention to ecological balance, beneficial to the protection of the environment, product design of the eternal.
Industrial design should pay attention to follow the following principles: the principle of creativity; principles of market demand; principle of giving priority to the user; business goals principle easy to grasp the principle of aesthetic principles, protection of ecological environment principles.
Industrial design related to psychology, sociology, aesthetics, ergonomics, mechanical construction, photography, color science, methodology and design of the three constitute a basis for
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Into the United States, Europe, Japan and other developed countries for industrial design and industrial design definition of the development process
U.S. industrial design information age
The United States is the first country to enter the information age, information technology is the most developed countries. Whether in the computer hardware and software, or in the application of computer technology in all aspects of the world's leading status. In particular, the popularity of the Internet, so that the United States more fully into society by the information industry as a leader of the new era. In the new economic, cultural background, the United States of industrial design from the beginning of the end of the 20th Century 80, great changes have taken place.
At the same time, to Rowe as the representative of the U.S. pioneer in the design has passed away, despite their name to the design of some companies still exist, but these masters of the location of a number of new independent replaced by a design firm. The new design firm in terms of knowledge structure, services or design with the traditional means in the clear very different firms, because they firmly grasp the pulse of the information age, design and rapid expansion of business, established in the industrial sector Good reputation, the U.S. business magazine called American industry a new generation of heroes. The new design consulting company no longer well-known designer for the signs, but in a "design" the name of the word named, stressed that the design is a team event rather than individual work, such as the New York Smart Design, Chicago Design Logic, such as California's Lunar Design. In many cases, the person in charge of these companies are the first generation or second generation of European immigrants, and the famous Forgdesign is originally a German company, the new generation of designers to more European concept to the United States, which will U.S. advanced technology and the European deep historical and cultural traditions closer together so that the design of the United States in the information age has made a great leap forward. This is in California, particularly Silicon Valley, particularly conspicuous in this regard because there are many Europeans settled here, on the other hand is also here because of the emerging high-tech industry and the United States earlier in the design of machines predecessors did not have much contact. Here, the design of many new companies have been for Apple, and other high-tech companies.
With the traditional industrial design firms to provide industrial products mainly different designs, the new design companies to be able to provide more comprehensive services, they can not only provide product design and engineering design of appearance, can also provide market research, consumer Investigation, human-computer research, public relations and corporate planning site design and maintenance, and other aspects of the services, and global activities. In fact, some new design company has established a global network of services to meet the increasing globalization of world economic trends. Industrial design such a change reflects the changes in the management of enterprises, more and more enterprises in the future in-house research organizations to reduce, instead of social cooperation, not only to reduce expenditure, but also the wider community to seek professional Resources cooperation. In addition, many enterprises to upgrade design as a business quality and to stimulate creative strategic management tool, not only confined to a single product design development activities, thereby greatly expanded the scope of application of industrial design. Given the design of a greater range of needs, design company personnel are not limited to design, but more professional cooperation. In addition, the design company's design also means a lot because of a computer-aided design and revolutionary changes have taken place, SGI (Silicon Graphic) graphics workstations and Alias, Pro-Designer, such as industrial design software to design more flexible, fast, industrial design itself so And the high-tech.
U.S. industrial design in the 1990s Another major change is the high-tech products, including computers, modern office equipment, medical equipment, communications equipment, and so became the main areas of industrial design. Industrial design in the high-tech humanity, in the process of commercialization has played an important role as a bridge. It is the efforts of designers, the previously daunting become high-tech day-to-day work and life indispensable partners.
Headquartered in Portland, Oregon, the Ziba (ZIBA) design companies is considered the best international design companies. Ziba's design philosophy is simple to win, and stressed that the products of the plane, the company's product design is the attention to detail, the "God in the details of." At the same time, Ziba also designed the pursuit of fun and harmony through color, shape, details and graphic design products so that a cordial and pleasant and cute humor to Yasugongshang. Ziba companies in recent years with Microsoft, HP, Fujitsu, Intel and other companies to design a number of excellent products, the company developed for Microsoft's "natural" keyboard of its ease of use, human-computer interface comfortable, unique and novel shape Users are welcome. Ziba also designed a large number of high-tech medical equipment, the design of such products by more concise and bright pieces of modeling to facilitate the operation and cleaning, and trying to make previously complex and daunting process of becoming a medical simple and easy. Ziba Design of the hemodialysis machines with clear, concise touch screen has replaced the previous complex controls and switches, automatic control and install the software, so that medical personnel can easily facilitate the operation, addition, since the use of a modular design, can also Easy entry, to provide on-site services.
工业设计 Industrial Design
帮楼主找了些很全面的资料哦，
英文版本
华文版本
Industrial design
Industrial design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of products may be improved for marketability and production. The role of an Industrial Designer is to create and execute design solutions towards problems of engineering, usability, marketing, brand development and sales.
Definition of industrial design
General
Industrial Designers are a cross between a mechanical engineer and an artist. They study both function and form, and the connection between product and the user. They do not design the gears or motors that make machines move, or the circuits that control the movement. And usually, they partner with engineers and marketers, to identify and fulfill needs, wants and expectations.
In Depth
"Industrial Design (ID) is the professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function, value and appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer." According to the IDSA (Industrial Design Society of America)
Design, itself, is often difficult to define to non-designers because the meaning accepted by the design community is not one made of words. Instead, the definition is created as a result of acquiring a critical framework for the analysis and creation of artifacts. One of the many accepted (but intentionally unspecific) definitions of design originates from Carnegie Mellon's School of Design, "Design is the process of taking something from its existing state and moving it to a preferred state". This applies to new artifacts, whose existing state is undefined and previously created artifacts, whose state stands to be improved.
According to the (Chartered Society of Designers) design is a force that delivers innovation that in turn has exploited creativity. Their design framework known as the Design Genetic Matrix (TM) determines a set of competences in 4 key genes that are identified to define the make up of designers and communicate to a wide audience what they do. Within these genes the designer demonstrates the core competences of a designer and specific competences determine the designer as an 'industrial designer'. This is normally within the context of delivering innovation in the form of a three dimensional product that is produced in quantity. However the definition also extends to products that have been produced using an industrial process. Industrial design is rapidly becoming an obsolete term as 'products' can now be industrially produced as 'one-offs' by the use of Rapid Prototyping Machines. In a post-industrial era and with the emergence of strategic design definitions such as this are incumbering designers and the advancement of design practice.
According to the ICSID, (International Council of Societies of Industrial Design) "Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects, processes, services and their systems in whole life-cycles. Therefore, design is the central factor of innovative humanization of technologies and the crucial factor of cultural and economic exchange.
Process of design
Although the process of design may be considered 'creative', many analytical processes also take place. In fact, many industrial designers often use various design methodologies in their creative process. Some of the processes that are commonly used are user research, sketching, comparative product research, model making, prototyping and testing. These processes can be chronological, or as best defined by the designers and/or other team members. Industrial Designers often utilize 3D software, Computer-aided industrial design and CAD programs to move from concept to production. Product characteristics specified by the industrial designer may include the overall form of the object, the location of details with respect to one another, colors, texture, sounds, and aspects concerning the use of the product ergonomics. Additionally the industrial designer may specify aspects concerning the production process, choice of materials and the way the product is presented to the consumer at the point of sale. The use of industrial designers in a product development process may lead to added values by improved usability, lowered production costs and more appealing products. However, some classic industrial designs are considered as much works of art as works of engineering: the iPod, Coke bottle, and VW Beetle are frequently-cited examples.
Industrial design has no focus on technical concepts, products and processes. In addition to considering aesthetics, usability, and ergonomics, it can also encompass the engineering of objects, usefulness as well as usability, market placement, and other concerns such as seduction, psychology, desire, and the sexual or affectionate attachment of the user to the object. These values and accompanying aspects on which industrial design is based can vary, both between different schools of thought and among practicing designers.
Product design and industrial design can overlap into the fields of user interface design, information design and interaction design. Various schools of industrial design and/or product design may specialize in one of these aspects, ranging from pure art colleges (product styling) to mixed programs of engineering and design, to related disciplines like exhibit design and interior design.
Also used to describe a technically competent product designer or industrial designer is the term Industrial Design Engineer. The Cyclone vacuum cleaner inventor James Dyson for example could be considered to be in this category (see his autobiography Against The Odds, Pub Thomson 2002).
Industrial design rights
Industrial design rights are intellectual property rights that make exclusive the visual design of objects that are not purely utilitarian. An industrial design consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or composition of pattern or color, or combination of pattern and color in three dimensional form containing aesthetic value. An industrial design can be a two- or three-dimensional pattern used to produce a product, industrial commodity or handicraft. Under the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs, a WIPO-administered treaty, a procedure for an international registration exists. An applicant can file for a single international deposit with WIPO or with the national office in a country party to the treaty. The design will then be protected in as many member countries of the treaty as desired.
OVERVIEW
Today’s industries cannot survive worldwide competition unless they introduce new products with better quality（quality，Q），at lower cost（cost，C），and with shorter lead time（delivery，D）．Accordingly，they have tried to use the computer’s huge memory capacity，fast processing speed，and user-friendly interactive graphics capabilities to automate and tie together otherwise cumbersome and separate engineering or production tasks，thus reducing the time and cost of product development and production[1]．Computer-aided design（CAD），computer-aided manufacturing（CAM），and computer-aided engineering（CAE）are the technologies used for this purpose during the product cycle．Thus，to understand the role of CAD，CAM，and CAE，we need to examine the various activities and functions that must be accomplished in the design and manufacture of a product．These activities and functions are referred to as the product cycle．The product cycle described by Zeid（1991）is presented here with minor modifications，as shown in Fig. 10-1．
As indicated by the boxes bounded by solid lines in Fig. 10-1，the product cycle is composed of two main processes：the design process and the manufacturing process．The design process starts from customers’demands that are identified by marketing personnel and ends with a complete description of the product，usually in the form of a drawing．The manufacturing process starts from the design specifications and ends with shipping of the actual products．
The activities involved in the design process can be classified largely as two types：synthesis and analysis．As illustrated in Fig. 10-1，the initial design activities（such as identification of the design need，formulation of design specifications，feasibility study with collecting relevant design information，and design conceptualization）are part of the synthesis subprocess．That is，the result of the synthesis subprocess is a conceptual design of the prospective product in the form of a sketch or a layout drawing that shows the relationships among the various product components[2]．The major financial commitments needed to realize the product idea are made and the functionality of the product is determined during this phase of the cycle．Most of the information generated and handled in the synthesis subprocess is qualitative and consequently is hard to capture in a computer system．
Once the conceptual design has been developed，the analysis subprocess begins with analysis and optimization of the design．An analysis model is derived first because the analysis subprocess is applied to the model rather than the design itself．Despite the rapid growth in the power and availability of computers in engineering，the abstraction of analysis model will still be with us for the foreseeable future．The analysis model is obtained by removing from the design unnecessary details，reducing dimensions，and recognizing and employing symmetry．Dimensional reduction，for example，implies that a thin sheet of material is represented by an equivalent surface with a thickness attribute or that a long slender region is represented by a line having cross-sectional properties．Bodies with symmetries in their geometry and loading are usually analyzed by considering a portion of the model．In fact，you have already practiced this abstraction process naturally when you analyzed a structure in an elementary mechanics class．
Once a design has been completed，after optimization or some tradeoff decisions，the design evaluation phase begins．Prototypes may be built for this purpose．The new technology called rapid prototyping is becoming popular for constructing prototypes．This technology enables the construction of a prototype by deposition layers from the bottom to the top．Thus it enables the construction of the prototype directly from its design because it requires basically the cross-sectional data of the product．If the design evaluation on the prototype indicates that the design is unsatisfactory，the process described is repeated with a new design．
When the outcome of the design evaluation is satisfactory，the design documentation is prepared．This includes the preparation of drawings，reports，and bills of materials．Conventionally，blueprints are made from the drawings and passed on to manufacturing．
As illustrated in Fig. 10-1，the manufacturing process begins with process planning，using the drawings from the design process，and it ends with the actual products．The outcome of process planning is a production plan，a materials order，and machine programming．Other special requirements，such as design of jigs and fixtures，are also handled at this stage．The relationship of process planning to the manufacturing process is analogous to that of synthesis to the design process：It involves considerable human experience and qualitative decisions．This description implies that it would be difficult to computerize process planning．Once process planning has been completed，the actual product is produced and inspected against quality requirements．Parts that
pass the quality control inspection are assembled，functionally tested，packaged，labeled，and shipped to customers．
NOTES：
[1]本句主要结构是They have tried to use... to automate... and tie...，其中to use有3个并列宾语；separate此处为形容词，义“分开的”、“独立的”等。
[2]in the form of a sketch or a layout drawing以草图或布局图的形式；that shows...定语从句，修饰 sketch or a layout drawing。
KEYWORDS
CAD（computer-aided design） 计算机辅助设计
CAM（computer-aided manufacturing） 计算机辅助制造
CAE（computer-aided engineering） 计算机辅助工程
product cycle 产品周期
prototype 原型
feasibility 可行性
qualitative 定性的
symmetry 对称，匀称
cross-sectional property 截面性质
翻译：
除非能以较低的价格提供更好的质量及更短的交货时间提供新产品，否则任何企业都无法在当今的国际竞争中立足。因此，他们都试图用计算机的巨大存储能力、快速处理速度及用户友好的交互图形能力，来自动完成并紧密联系其他繁重的和单独的工程或生产任务，从而减少产品开发和生产的时间和成本。计算机辅助设计（CAD）、计算机辅助制造（CAM）和计算机辅助工程（CAE）正是生产周期中为此目的而采用的技术。因此，为了了解CAD、CAM和CAE所扮演的角色，需要了解在一个产品设计和生产过程中必须完成的各项活动和功能。这些活动和功能被称之为产品周期。对Zeid（1991）所描述的产品周期稍加改动后如图10-l所示。
正如图10-1的实线框所示，产品周期由两个主要过程组成：设计过程和制造过程。设计过程始于由市场人员认定的用户需求，止于对产品的完整描述，通常用图形来表现。制造过程则始于设计的规格说明，止于产品发运。
设计过程所涉及的活动大体上分为两类综合和分析。如图10-1所示，原始设计活动，如设计需求的认定，设计规格说明的规划，根据收集的相关设计信息进行可行性研究以及设计概念化等，都属综合子过程部分；即综合子过程的结果是各个产品部件间的关系以草图或布局图的形式来表示的所期望产品的概念设计。用于实现该产品理念的主要财政承诺和产品功能都在产品周期的这一阶段确定。在综合子过程中产生和处理的大多数信息是定性的，因此在计算机系统中很难得到。
一旦概念设计形成，分析子过程就开始对设计进行分析和优化。首先要导出一个分析模型，因为分析子过程适用于该模型而非设计本身。尽管在工程上，计算机的能力和可用性迅速提高，但对分析模型的抽象依然会在可预见的未来仍有待人去完成。分析模型可从设计中去除不必要的细节，缩小尺寸和识别并使用对称性。例如：尺寸缩小表示一张薄的材料由具有厚度属性的等效曲面来代表，或一个细长区域由具有截面特性的线段来表示。在几何和负荷上具有对称性的物体通常用模型的某一部分进行分析。实际上，在初等机械课程上对一个结构进行分析时，早就实践过这种自然的抽象过程。
一旦设计完成，在经过优化或一些权衡制定之后，就开始了设计评价阶段。为此目的可进行原型制作。一种用于构建原型称之为原型速成的新技术现已非常普及。这种技术可通过从底到顶层层地构建原型，由于它可以根据设计直接构建原型，因此它只需要产品的截面数据即可。如果在原型上的设计评价表明这种设计不尽人意，那么，就以新的设计重复进行上述过程。
当设计评价结果令人满意时，就准备设计文档。设计文档包括图纸、报告和材料清单的准备。按常规，应将设计图纸制成蓝图交送制造部门。
如图10-1所示，制造过程根据设计过程的图纸始于工艺计划，止于实际的产品。工艺计划的结果就是生产计划、材料订单和加工程序。其他诸如设计钻模和夹具这样的特殊要求都在这一阶段进行处理。工艺计划与制造过程的关系就如同综合与设计过程的关系：它涉及到许多经验和定性的判断，这表示很难对工艺计划进行计算机化。一旦工艺计划结束，便开始生产实际产品并根据质量要求进行检查。对通过质量检查的零件进行组装、功能测试、包装、贴标签并发运给客户。
你好！
该是";Abstract"。
我的论文摘要就是用的这个词
如果对你有帮助，望采纳。
Design concepts and conceptual design
The concept of people or things on behalf of some of the characteristics of the development process and significance of the conclusions formed by thinking. Design concept is generated by the designer for the design thinking of the many emotional and refined into the thinking generated by summing up, so early in the design phase the designer must design the program to make thorough investigation and planning, analysis of a customer's specific program requirements and intent, and purpose of the intention of the program as a whole, geographical features, coupled with cultural content, such as the quality of designers have a unique way of thinking the idea of a series of design can in many thoughts and ideas on refining the design of the concept of the most accurate.
A short conceptual design is the use of the design concept and its main line running through all of the design method of the design process.
Conceptual design is a complete and comprehensive design process, it will be the designers of the concept through the design of complex and emotional moments of thinking up to a unified rational thinking in order to complete the design. If the concept of design is an article, then the design concept is the theme of this article. Conceptual design and to start focusing on the design concept and the design concept is related to all aspects of conceptual design.
Second, the concept of design thinking process
The key lies in the concept of design concept and application of two aspects, specifically, it includes the design of pre-planning preparation; technical and feasibility appraisal; thinking cultural significance; geographical characteristics of the study; customers and market research; space forms understanding; design concept and discussion; the expansion of the design concept; the concept of expression; conceptual design evaluation, and many other steps. This shows the overall conceptual design is a wide range of design, the objective is to design constraints, market demand and the subjective initiative of the designer to a design theme of a unified approach.
Design concept
First of all, to carry out program analysis. Program analysis, including analysis of the specific construction sites; building structure analysis; environment and illumination analysis; space several parts, such as functional analysis. For the design of commercial space for the analysis and conclusions of the location it is still important, such as McDonald's, KFC and other fast-food restaurants are the location of the larger flow in the city center commercial area, opened the door, windows and the direction of flow line will be is designed to focus when. And such as bars, tearooms, such as the relative need of the environment with the cultural atmosphere, as far as possible will have a quiet, elegant environment for the introduction of the indoor outdoor.
Analysis followed by the customer. Customer analysis is aimed at understanding the customer's design requirements, for different customers different designs in order to reflect the design of targeting people-oriented ideas. Specific in terms of interior design at home, the number of family members, all ages, the owner of the occupation and habits, interests and hobbies are the analysis should be investigated. Body height and owners, state of health is guided in all aspects of ergonomic design, the analysis of customer design concept is an important aspect of positioning.
Followed by market research. Similar to the existing design of the analysis often can be further profound thinking designers, which put forward the concept of a unique design of the space to create a unique image and decorative effect. Cases which should have the analysis, the development of the market to forecast the spatial distribution of different designs and so on, in-depth market research will help designers to adjust the design thinking, deepen their understanding of the special understanding of the space limit.
After data collection. Designed to gather relevant data for analysis helps the designer to design to today's understanding, as well as the special space ergonomic grasp the scale, so that the functionality of the design perfect.
Finally, the positioning of the design concept and to make. After a few points in front of after-depth analysis, design, who must have some idea on the whole design and ideas, and these ideas are derived from the design of the perceptual object of thinking, then we would be able to follow an integrated, abstract, summary, summing up the way of thinking of these ideas to identify the inherent classification related to the positioning of the design, creating design concepts.
As a result of our ideas are based on the program and thus to start on, so its design attributes must have a relative concept and uniqueness, it is designed to ensure that our innovative designs and unique significance.
Into the design and application of the concept of
The design process is the use of the concept of rational design concepts will be given to the design process, which includes the design concept of the deductive, reasoning, divergent thinking process, etc., thus rendering the concept of an effective program in the design above. If the concept of design is the designer's sensibility come to the conclusion of thinking, then you need to use the concept of the concept of rational designers will design the divergence to a small part of each. From design concept inherent in the use of the general model should have the following aspects:
First, the space forms of thinking. Space form and the initial phase of research in the conceptual design for the section in its division, is designed to consider the concept of use of part of the primary. First of all, all space should be considered an integral part of the function of rationality, to be used in the list of analysis, comparison Legend analysis of space to think about the relationship between space, human traffic the size of the status of primary and secondary space, privacy of comparison, the relative movement of space research, etc. This will help us in the layout of more effective and rational use of existing space to make room for the practicality of full play. Space followed by the conceptualization of flow lines, such as the design is the creation of a marine or underwater world to the concept of the feeling of its space will streamline the use of curves, arc, wave form of the main line. It is the expression of plant, machinery, application of the concept should be more than a straight line, broken line for the space division. In the spatial arrangement of this step, every effort should be made to the design and spatial expression of the concept of the rationality of the arrangements combine the space to find the best forms of expression.
