In recent years, with the "people-oriented" design concept of the proposed residential comfort people have become increasingly demanding, building energy consumption also will increase. 据统计，目前我国建筑能耗约占国民经济总能耗的25%左右，且呈上升趋势。 According to statistics, China's national economy, building energy consumption accounts for about 25% of the total energy consumption, and on the rise. 另一方面，随着建筑能耗的增加和大量空调设备的安装，“城市热岛效应”日益严重，使环境日益恶化。 On the other hand, with the increase in building energy consumption and large air-conditioning installation, "urban heat island effect" is worsening, deteriorating the environment. 我国建筑节能的重点应为：建筑本体的节能、采暖系统节能、提高照明和其他电器的效率、大型公共建筑节能。 China's building energy efficiency should focus on are: ontology building energy-saving, energy-saving heating system, improve the efficiency of lighting and other electrical appliances, large public building energy efficiency. 随着科学技术的日新月异，能源短缺已不容忽视，节约能源已受到世界性的普遍关注，在我国亦不例外。 With the ever-changing science and technology, energy shortage has not be ignored, a worldwide energy conservation has been widespread concern in China is no exception. 目前，全世界有近30%的能源消耗在建筑物上，长此以往，将严重影响世界经济的可持续发展。 At present, nearly 30% of the world's energy consumption in buildings, the long run, it will seriously affect the world economy and sustainable development. 因此，能源问题将成为本世纪的热门话题。 Therefore, the energy issue will become a hot topic in this century. 本文着重讲的是现有建筑节能存在的问题、解决方法与未来的发展方向。 This article focuses on talking about the existing building energy problems, solutions and future direction of development.
Green Building is in the construction of the entire life cycle (of materials, construction planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance of dismantling process), the maximum conservation of resources (energy conservation, saving, water saving, Lin Festival), the protection of the environment and reduce Pollution, provide people with health, application and efficient use of space, in harmony with nature symbiotic construction.
Over the years, China's energy-saving green residential building in enhancing management ideas, and preventing and alleviating the construction of energy-saving construction costs and risks, enhance and ensure the quality of construction has done a lot of work, a more in-depth theoretical study, also conducted effective The practice and exploration, has made some useful theoretical achievements and successful experience in the practice.
Comprehensively promote energy conservation in building a good situation, building energy conservation work has made remarkable achievements, but its overall energy situation is worrying, for example, green construction - the construction phase of the energy situation and energy-saving materials texture options, energy-saving standard The definition, a cause for concern. Interpretation of this paper to green energy-saving building through the substance of the proposed confusion, reflection, to find a better development of green energy-saving building route.
In this paper, this innovation point of innovation is to use the analysis of the case, as well as charts, more intuitive to describe the problem. And star of the relevant theoretical knowledge of the event and organically integrated, elaborate.
建筑节能技术及其应用论文
无论是身处学校还是步入社会，大家对论文都再熟悉不过了吧，论文是进行各个学术领域研究和描述学术研究成果的一种说理文章。还是对论文一筹莫展吗？以下是我精心整理的建筑节能技术及其应用论文，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
摘要 ：
近些年来，随着人们生活水平的提高，人们的环保理念越来越高，而本世纪的能源消费与应用也遵循着可持续发展战略、节能优先战略与新能源技术替代战略相结合的原则，而建筑行业的发展同样遵循这样的原则，全面开展建筑节能，解决建筑节能技术问题是实现建筑可持续发展的必要前提。本文就针对建筑节能技术以及建筑节能技术的具体应用进行了详细的分析与探讨。
关键词 ：
建筑节能技术；围护结构；太阳能
近些年来，随着人们的刚需以及一些炒房者的推动，建筑行业蓬勃发展，高楼大厦如雨后春笋般陆续崛起，而建筑采暖技术、建筑空调技术以及建筑照明技术也得到了飞速的发展，这些技术为人们的生活带来更大的便利度与舒适度。国外一些发达国家应用建筑节能材料已然非常普遍，但是我国这方面还较为落后，能源浪费现象较为严重，能源损耗是发达国家的三到五倍之多。由此可见，建筑节能技术的发展与建筑节能材料的应用是国家所需，是我们发展绿色建筑的必由之路。
1建筑运用节能技术的重要性
1.1我国资源形势所迫
如果从能源总量方面统计，我国的能源占有量在世界中排列在前三名，但是同时我国也是人口大国，如果将能源平均计算下来，我国的能源人均占有量在世界上排名41名。而近些年来，我国的经济飞速发展，人们的生活质量越来越高，对于能源的需求量越来越大。在人们大量需求以及大范围开采的形势之下，我国不可再生资源例如石油等的储备量都严重下滑，而下滑的速度已经无法满足人们对于能源需求的上涨速度，人们对于煤炭的需求也日益强烈，每年的消耗量能够达到12亿吨。同时，我国的能源分配非常不协调，在天然气能源方面，东部的储备量要比西部的储备量少很多，而东西部的经济发展水平也存在一定的差距，致使天然气的开发面临各种各样的问题：东部发展迅速需要大量的天然气，而西部发展落后财力无法满足天然气开采需求。我国对于能源的利用率只有国外发达国家的三分之一。由此可见，我国的资源形势并不乐观，建筑节能技术的应用是形势所迫、时代所需，也是迫在眉睫。
1.2建筑节能是可持续发展的迫切需求
能源耗费一直都是可持续发展面临的重要问题，合理的应对能源耗费问题能够改善能源结构、改善生态环境，减少能源结构不合理而引发的人均能源不足等社会问题。而能源技术中的建筑节能技术就肩负着重要的使命，综合建筑特性与社会需求研发建筑节能技术是时代所需，降低能源损耗，追求能源的最大利用率，合理应用废弃能源，实现变废为宝，进而减少温室气体排放，延缓温室效应，降低环境负载。上个世纪末期的能源危机之后，国外一些发达国家就对建筑能耗给予了重视，这些国家的建筑能源损耗已经从危机爆发之前的300kWh/m2降低到100kWh/m2，这些只是与北京地区采暖水平相近的一类国家，而一些高于北京水平的国家的能源耗费更低。由于人们对于环保的重视，即使节能效率会对经济效益起到阻碍作用，但是在可持续发展战略的影响下，能源耗费还会降低。此外，绿色能源的利用也是有效防止能源消耗过度的重要举措，例如太阳能就在建筑节能中发挥了巨大作用，应用太阳能可以进行收集热水、发电等。
2建筑节能技术的应用
2.1墙体节能技术
墙体保温层是建筑的重要组成部分，而建筑墙体的节能技术是确保建筑节能的关键，一般采用抹灰以及干挂的方式，并结合合适的工艺来进行施工。在保温层的喷涂之前，要保证墙体基层的干燥性与清洁度，确保涂层均匀、厚度合适。干挂工艺也是重要的墙体节能技术，它主要应用在外保温中，保温能力与防水能力非常强，并且可以减少空间的利用，该技术节能效果较好，但是需要较高成本，一般应用在公共建筑中，在住宅建筑中较少。该技术综合考虑各种自然因素：雨水量、下雪量、温度值、风量等等，以确保体系的稳定性，墙体稳定性提升，能够增加墙体的使用寿命，能够减少建筑施工所需墙体材料及能源损耗。
2.2屋面节能技术
首先，是保温材料的选用。一般来讲，屋面节能在选用保温材料的时候往往考虑下面几个因素：导热性能、吸水能力、材料强度等，保温材料的类型很多，有细骨料混凝土板材质、有聚苯乙烯材质，以及一些散料与水泥共同浇筑的材质，例如炉渣等等。在屋面材料选用方面还应该考虑到设计需求与规范要求，综合各项因素之后，并要重视材料的防水性能，在施工过程中设置合理的配合比，以确保材料发挥出更好的保温性能；其次，则是房屋建筑的屋面形式。现今的房屋建筑的屋面大多采用倒置式，颠覆以往传统的保温层与防水层的排序，以确保无眠的保湿性能更加明显。传统的'屋面技术是在保温层上设置防水层，而现今应用的屋面节能技术则是在防水层上设置保温层，这是因为保温层大多采取水泥等材料，这些材料一旦出现湿润情况，他们的导热系数就会上升，造成屋内闷热，但是新型屋面节能技术却能够将两层调换，来延缓防水材料以及保温材料的老化，延长两层材料的使用寿命。
2.3门窗节能技术
门窗的密闭性以及导热性与外墙的节能性具有紧密的联系，因此在施工过程中选取合适的门窗，将取得更好的节能效果。门窗安装之前，需要选取符合需求的门窗材料，一般选择单框双层玻璃，在安装过程中，需要对窗框角度进行测量，如果出现窗框角度变形的情况，则不可以进行门窗安装，一旦在这样的情况下继续门窗安装，将会引起严重的事故。之后，选择合适密封条，保证透气与防水，如果出现缝隙较大的情况，则需要适当的采用密封剂加以封闭。同时在安装门窗之前一定要做好清洁工作，保证连接处的干燥性，这样才能够确保门窗发挥出更好的保温功效。门窗材料选择恰当，安装过程合理可靠，能够提升建筑外墙的节能性，延长建筑外墙的使用寿命，提升建筑的节能效益。
2.4太阳能节能技术
一直以来，太阳能备受环保界的推崇，它是一种清洁能源，并且储备量非常雄厚，因此在建筑领域也得到了广泛的应用。例如，在建筑房屋的时候，可以在房屋的屋顶安装太阳能发电系统，该系统能够将太阳能转换成电能，并将电能储备起来，这些电能能够满足一部分的供电需求，例如普通的动力系统等等。除此之外，建筑采暖中的供热采暖体系也会应用到太阳能技术，这些体系都是将太阳能转换成热能，并将热能储备起来，这些热能能够满足一部分的供热需求，也能够满足一部分的采光需求，大大提升了房屋建筑的节能效率。对于房屋建筑而言，太阳能技术具有天然无污染，取之不尽，用之不竭的特点，并且该技术简单易行，安全可靠，因此太阳能技术将成为建筑节能领域的重点研究对象。
3结束语
建筑节能技术是时代的发展所需，是可持续战略的重点，而要实现建筑节能，就需要考虑到建筑的方方面面，从各方面采取节能技术，才能够实现有效的节能。大力发展墙体节能技术、屋面节能技术、门窗节能技术等等，并且合理应用与研发太阳能技术，加大清洁能源在建筑领域中的应用。除此之外，在建筑施工过程中，合理的施工方案同样能够实现有效的节能，合理安排施工人员、调整施工程序、完善施工工艺，都能够减少建筑过程中的环境污染与资源损耗，以此确保建筑行业的稳定发展与持续进步。
参考文献：
[1]梁焰兴.绿色建筑节能技术在房地产开发的应用[J].住宅与房地产,2018(18):189.
[2]谢志旷,杨其军.建筑室内给排水的节能措施分析[J].工程技术研究,2018(2):55-56.
[3]刘彤.太阳能在建筑节能技术中的广泛应用[J].林产工业,2015,42(3):52-55.
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MECHANICAL PRELIMINARY DESIGN REPORT
STADIUM
1.给排水设计
饮用水和污水
1.Sanitary Design
Water and sewage water
.设计基础
- 甲方提供的设计任务书和市政管网综合图
- 建筑专业提供的条件图
- 国家现行的设计规范及有关规定设计简章
.Design bases
Design Brief and Municipal integrated network drawing offered by the client.
Condition drawings from architectural discipline.
Current national design codes and related stipulations
2. 给水系统
通过一根DN200的进水管将水引入.水表安装在进水管上,离红线1米处.供水管在红线内连成环路管网,并接到供应楼的消防水池和给排水水池.由环路管网向必需的室外消火栓和绿化带的喷淋器供水.
2. Water supply system
For water supply of this project, DN200 water intake pipes are led in. Water meters are installed on the intake pipes 1.0 m away from the red line. The water supply pipes are connected into loop networks in the red line and then led to the fire pool and sanitary water pool in the supply buildings respectively. Necessary number of outdoor hydrants and sprinklers for green area will be provided on the loop networks.
设计范围
包括红线内的饮用水,污水,雨水,建筑消防.
Design scope
Design scope of this project includes water, sewage water, rainwater, fire-protection in the building, and water and sewage water within the red line.
给排水水池与消防水池分开,容量为100m3 .体操馆供水管埋地敷设.
Sanitary water pool is separated from fire water pool, volume of sanitary water pool is 100m3. Water supply pipes for the stadium will be laid in the earth.
3.用水量标准
- 体育馆: 15升/顾客·日 K=2.0
- 宾馆: 150升/人·日 K=2.0
- 餐厅: 50升/顾客·日 K=2.0
- 工作人员: 25升/人·日 K=2.0
- 地面冲洗用水: 3升/m2日
- 冷却塔补水量:按用水量的2%计
- 未预见水量: 按日用水量20%计
- 消防用水:
消火栓:室内40升/秒,室外30升/秒,火灾延续时间为3小时;
自动喷洒按22升/秒,火灾延续时间为1小时
卷帘水幕用水0.5升/秒·米,火灾延续时间为3小时;
Water consumption standard
- Stadium: 15L/visitor·day K=2.0
- Hotel: 150L/visitor·day K=2.0
- Restaurant: 50L/customer·day K=2.0
- Staff 25L/person·day K=2.0
- Floor cleaning: 3L/m2·day
Make-up water for cooling tower: 2% of the
actual cold water consumption.
Unforeseen water consumption: 20% of the daily
water consumption.
Water for fire protection
Hydrant: 40L/s indoor, 30L/s outdoor, fire
duration time is 3h;
Sprinkler: 22L/s, fire duration time is 1h;
Drencher for rolling shutter: 0.5L/s·m, fire duration time is 3h;
在适当的位置设置饮用水机,在主进口为残障人设置两个饮用水机.为此饮用水系统安装循环泵.机房 设在地下室的水除了机房.当饮用水机不被使用时,应排空,以免水质腐败.
在客房和餐厅内设置电热水器,同时亦为热水供应设置循环泵.
在更衣间旁设置电热水器,为淋浴和洗盥供应热水.
为楼板清洁安装一定数量的水龙头.
Some suitable places are supplied with portable water drinking units, two drinking units for disable people are provided at main entrances, for this portable water system, circulating pumps are adopted, the equipment room is located in water treatment center in the basement. When there is no use, portable water will be drained completely to avoid deterioration.
Electric water heaters are installed in guest rooms and restaurant, also hot water circulating pumps will be provided for supplying hot water.
Electric water heaters are installed near the changing and clothing rooms for supplying hot water for shower and washing.
Certain number of water taps are installed for floor-cleaning.
4.用水量
最大日用水量:2.200m3/日
最大时用水量:220m3/时
Water consumption demand
Maximum daily water consumption: 2.200m3/day
Maximum hourly water consumption: 220m3/hour
却循环系统
冷却水循环系统采用机械循环系统.总冷却水用量为460m3/h.在供应楼顶设置三台超低噪音冷却塔(230 m3/h, 2x 115 m3/h).进水温度37Co,出水温度32Co .补充水量
9,6 m3/h.补充水由市政供水网直接提供.
Cooling water circulation system
There are cooling water circulation system in this project, cooling water for the refrigerators adopts mechanical circulation system. Total water consumption of cooling towers is 460m3/h. On roof of the supply building there are 3 ultra-low noise cooling towers (230 m3/h, 2x 115 m3/h), inlet temperature of 37Co, outlet temperature of 32Co, with make-up water of 9,6 m3/h. Make-up water of the cooling towers will be supplied directly by the municipal network.
在消防泵房内有消火栓泵(一个运行,一个备用),喷淋泵(一个运行,一个备用),卷帘雨淋泵(一个运行,一个备用).用于地下车库的泡沫喷淋设备,如报警阀,泡沫压缩罐,化学药剂泵安装在消防设备中心.30.0m3 消防水箱和消防稳压装置分别安装在车库的四面墙.
In the fire water pump room, there are hydrant pumps (one operation, one standby), sprinkler pumps (one operation, one standby) and rolling shutter drencher pumps (one operation, one standby).
Fire equipment, which are used for the foam sprinkler system in underground garage, such as fire alarm valves, foam concentrated tank and chemical dosing pump, etc. are provided in fire equipment centers. Four 30.0m3 fire water tanks and fire protection stabilized pressure devices are respectively located at four sides next to the garages.
消防用水
消火栓:室内按40升/秒,室外按30升/秒,火灾延续时间按3个小时计
自动喷洒按22升/秒,火灾延续时间按1小时计
卷帘水幕用水量 0.5升/秒·米,火灾延续时间按3个小时计
消火栓:室内,室外用水量皆为756m3;
自动喷洒用水量为79.2 m3;
卷帘水幕用水量为 270m3;
一次火灾用水量为1.861,2;
Water for fire protection
Water consumption standard for fire protection
Hydrant: 40L/s indoor, 30L/s outdoor, fire duration is 3h
Sprinkler: 22L/s, fire duration is 1h
Drencher for rolling shutter: 0.5L/s·m, fire duration is 3h
Water consumption for fire protection
Hydrant: indoor and outdoor water consumptions are 756m3 respectively
Sprinkler: 79.2 m3
Drencher for rolling shutter: 270m3
Water consumption for one fire: 1.105,2 m3
消火栓的布置
在整个建筑物内沿墙,沿柱,沿走廊,风塔上及楼梯附近设有必要数量的室内消火栓,消火栓间距小于30米.消火栓管网水平,竖向皆成环状布置,消火栓箱内配有DN65消火栓一支,25米衬胶水龙带一条,φ19毫米喷咀水枪一支,并配消防卷盘(DN25消火栓一支,30米胶管,φ9毫米喷咀水枪一支)且设有可直接启动消火栓泵的按钮;在室内消火栓箱下设有磷酸铵盐手提式灭火器箱.室内消火栓系统在室外设有三组水泵接合器.
Hydrant arrangement
Necessary number of hydrants are installed indoors along the wall, columns, corridors, and staircases, at intervals of less than 30m. Hydrant networks are connected as a loop both horizontally and vertically. Inside each hydrant box, a DN65 hydrant, a 25m long rubber lined hose, a water nozzle of φ19mm, hose reel (a DN25 hydrant, a 30m long rubber lined hose and a water nozzle ofφ9mm), and a direct starting button for the hydrant pump are provided.
Under each indoor hydrant box, a portable ammonium phosphate powder extinguisher box is installed. There are three sets of pump adopters being installed outdoors for the indoor hydrant system.
消防系统
防水泵房及消防水池
供水管DN200在红线内连成环路管网,管网上安装 一定数量的消火栓.两根DN200供水管分别引入供应楼内两个消防泵房内的消防水池.消防水池总容量不应小于4000m3, 每个为2.000m3.
Fire protection system
Water pump room and water pool for fire protection
The lead-in pipes (DN200) are connected as a loop inside the red line, on the loop, certain number of hydrants are installed.Two water supply pipes (DN200) are led into the fire water pools at each fire water pump room in supplybuilding. In consideration of the importance of the project, the volume of the fire water pools should be not less than 4000m3, each is 2.000m3.
自动喷淋系统
自动喷淋系统安装在全建筑范围,除了室外和高于10 米的房间.喷淋泵安装在地下的消防泵房内.报警阀设置在地下的消防泵房内和中间的消防设备中心内,水流显示器设在每个防火分区内.
Sprinkler system
Sprinkler systems will be provided inside the whole building except outside areas and roomshigher than 10m, with sprinkler pumps installed in the underground fire water pump rooms. Alarming valves installed in underground fire water pump rooms and four fire equipment centers in the middle, water flow indicators are installed by fire compartments.
除了安装一个封闭喷淋系统,将为地下车库设置一个泡沫喷淋系统.餐厅内安装93oC启动的自动喷淋头,但在其它房间,仅安装93oC启动的普通和快速反应自动喷淋头.三组泵接合器安装在室外.
Besides an enclosed sprinkler system, a foam sprinkler system composed of a proportioning mixer and a foam concentrated tank is provided for the underground garage. Sprinkler actuated at 93oC are provided in the restaurants, but in other rooms, only ordinary sprinklers and fast response sprinklers actuated at 68oC are provided.
Three sets of pump adaptors for this system will be installed outdoors.
排水系统
为排水系统设置污水主立管和特别垂直排气管.排气管与污水管在每层连接,污水排出体操馆.餐厅的污水首先在油脂分离池中处理,然后排入室外排水网.给排水污水将被在化粪池收集和处理,然后排入市政排水管网.化粪池在输送区旁.最大天排水量为870m3/天.
9. Drainage system
Main vertical sewage pipes and special vertical vent pipes are provided for the drainage system. The vent pipes are connected with sewage pipe at each floor; sewage water is drained out of stadium. Sewage water in the restaurants and garage are treated in the grease and oil separation tank, and then discharged into the outdoor drainage networks. Sanitary sewage water is collected and treated in the septic tank, then drained into the municipal drainage. The septic tanks are located besides the deliverycircle. Maximum daily drainage amount is 870m3/day.
卷帘水幕系统
地下车库设置有卷帘水幕系统.水幕泵安装在消防水泵房内,采用开式雨淋头,电动或手动控制.十组泵接合器安装在室外
Drencher system for rolling shutters
Rolling shutter protected by drenchers are provided for the underground garage, the drencher pumps are installed in the fire water pump rooms, open drencher heads are selected, and are controlled both by electrically and manually. Ten pump adapters will be installed outdoors for this system.
地下室内污水设有污水坑,废水设有废水坑,生活污水,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外排水管网,潜污泵的启停皆由磁性浮球控制器的控制.
地下汽车库废水设有废水坑,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外,经隔油池处理后排入室外雨水管网.
There are cesspits for sewage water and wastewater pits for wastewater in the basement, the sewage and wastewater is sucked up and drained to the outdoor drainage networks by submerged sewage pumps.
Operation of the pumps is controlled by the magnetic floating ball controllers.
Wastewater pits are provided for the underground garage, wastewater is sucked up and drained to outdoor oil separation tank by submerged sewage pumps, after treated, wastewater is drained to the outdoors rainwater networks.
在柴油发电机房,变配电房和通讯设备机房设低压二氧化碳气体灭火系统.
Low pressure CO2 extinguisher systems are provided in diesel generator rooms, transformer substations and telecommunication equipment rooms.
在本建筑内按"建筑灭火器配置设计规范"在每个消火栓箱下设手提式灭火器箱,箱内设有必要数量的磷酸铵盐手提式灭火器.
According to the Code for Design of Extinguisher Disposition in Buildings, portable fire extinguisher box, in which there are necessary number of portable ammonium phosphate powder extinguishers, will be installed under every hydrant box.
在每个消防电梯井底旁设有消防排水坑,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外.
Fire water drain pit is provided at side of bottom of each fire elevator well, waste water will be sucked up and drained out by the pumps.
雨水系统
雨水排水屋顶采用压力流排水.
雨水设计重现期按P=10年计算,降雨历时为5分钟,暴雨强度公式按Q=998.002(1+0.568lgP)/(t+1.983)0.465计算.
沿柱在屋面设置雨水沟.雨水通过雨水沟收集,然后进入雨水头和下排管,然后到室外雨水观察井.
10. Rainwater system
Pressurized drainage system is adopted for roof rainwater drainage system.
Here, return period P=10 years, rainfall duration is 5 minutes, stormwater amount is calculated by the following formula:
Q=998.002(1+0.568lgT)/(t+1.983)0.465
Rainwater gutters are provided on roof along columns, skylight. Rainwater is collected in the gutter, then to rainwater heads and downpipes, and to the outdoors rainwater inspection wells.
11.管材
- 生活给水管,冷却塔补水管采用铜管,氩弧焊接.
- 直饮水管采用不锈管.
- 消火栓管,冷却循环管,水幕管,水泵吸水管采用焊接钢管,焊接.
- 自动喷洒水管,雨淋水管采用热镀锌钢管,丝扣连接或卡压连接.
-二氧化碳管采用无缝钢管焊接.
- 地下车库泡沫喷淋水管采用不锈钢管,卡压连接.
Pipe material
Copper pipes connected by argon arc welding are adopted for the sanitary water pipes, make-up water pipes for cooling towers.
Stainless stell pipes are adopted for portable water pipes.
Welded steel pipes connected by welding are selected for hydrant pipes, cooling circulating pipes, drencher pipes, pump suction pipes.
Hot-galvanized steel pipes connected by threads or compression-seizing are selected for sprinkler and deluge sprinler pipes.
Seamless steel pipes connected by welding are selected for CO2 pipes.
Stainless steel pipes connected by pressed clamp is selected for the pipes of foam sprinklers in the underground garage.
当雨水两超出雨水沟设计量时,雨水可沿屋檐自由排放.雨水被收集,然后排入市政集水池.
When the amount of rainwater is more than the design value of the gutters, water is discharged naturally along the eaves. Rainwater is collected, and then drained to the municipal catch basins.
围绕体育馆的循环池将用于喷洒运动场和作为室外绿化带的储水池.
此池将作为一个循环过滤设施,可容水约7.500 m .
喷洒压力设备和其它必须的过滤设备安装在供应楼里.
The circular senic pool surround stadium will be used for spraying sportsfield and as reservoir for outdoor greening.
The pool will be used as a circular filtering facility and will be adopted with a water volume of about 7.500 m .
The spray water pressurizing equipment as well as further necessary filtering equipment will be adopted in the supply building.
2.0 制冷
2.0 Cooling
冷源:
空调冷负荷(估算):
本工程建筑面积共50.000平方米,包括观众区,休息室,更衣室,小会议室,餐厅,办公室和其它附属房.空调设计日峰值冷负荷为2.4MW,设计日总冷负荷为3 kW.
Refrigerating source
Cooling load of air conditioning system
Total floor area for this building is 50,000sqm, which includes spectator areas, lounges, Clothing and changing rooms small meeting rooms, restaurant, office and other auxiliary rooms. Designed dayly peak cooling load is 2,4MW, designed total dayly cooling load is 3kW.
每台1200kW制冷机配一台 流量为206m3/h离心泵.各配一台备用泵
一次泵采用压差旁路控制.
通过埋地敷管,向游泳体操馆供应冷冻水.
A centrifugal pump with a flow rate of 103m3/h is provided for each 1200kW chiller. One operation pump with a standby corresponds to one chiller.
Pressure difference branch control is adopted for primary pump
Via earth laid pipes from supply building to gymnasium chilled water supply will be deliverded.
冷源的选择:
根据建筑的实际情况,3台制冷机将安装在供应楼内的冷冻机房.设计容量为4800kW. 为了实现能量的效率化使用,设计方案为,1台制冷机的出力为总设计容量的50%.而另2 台.每台出力为总设计容量的25%.
冷冻水系统的主要设备包括3台电动制冷机,一级冷冻泵,二级冷冻泵,自动控制阀等等.冷冻水的供/回水温度为-7/ 12°C.
Selection of refrigerating source
According to the real condition of the building, 3 chillers are located in the refrigerating plant rooms in the supply building, designed capacity is 2400kW. For actuing in an energy efficient way one chiller about 50% of total capacity (1.200 kW) and two chillers with 25% of total (600 kW each)capacity each are adopted.
Main equipment of chilled water system includes 3 electrical chiller, primary cool water pump, secondary chilled water pump and automatic controlled valve, etc. supply/return temperature of the chiller is-7/ 12°C.
二次泵系统:根据使用功能,各制冷机房又分成不同的循环支路.
二次泵采用变频调速控制.根据负荷侧供回水管的压差,控制水泵的转速.
二次泵循环支路的管道采用异程式.
Secondary pump system:
Each refrigerating plant room is subdivided into different circulation branch loops according to use functions.
Variable-frequency speed-regulating control is adopted for secondary pumps. The rotating speed of a water pump is controlled according to the pressure difference between water supply and return pipes.
Direct return system is adopted for the pipes of circulating branch of secondary pumps
空调冷冻水系统
由于本工程占地面积大,功能复杂,有连续使用,也有间歇使用,为了达到运行灵活,节能的目的,空调冷冻水系统采用两管制二次泵系统.
Chilled water system
Due to the large occupied area of this project, the complicated functions and the combination of continuous utilization and intermittent utilization, in order to accomplish the purpose of flexible operation and energy saving, the chilled water system is of two-pipe secondary pump system.
管材:
水管采用焊接钢管及无缝钢管.
本工程的风管除土建风道外,均采用镀锌铁皮咬口制作.每节风管之间用法兰连接.
Pipe and duct materials
The water pipes adopt welded steel pipes and seamless steel pipes.
Air ducts for this project are made of galvanized sheet steel by seaming except ducts by civil construction. Air ducts are connected together by flanges.
一次泵系统:
供应楼冷冻机房
2400kW制冷机配一台离心泵, 流量为412m3/h.配一台备用泵.
Primary pump system:
Chiller room supply building
A centrifugal pump with a flow rate of 412m3/h is provided for 1200kW chiller. One operation pump with a standby corresponds to one chiller.
保温材料:
空调供,回水管,冷凝水管采用酚醛管壳保温.
空调送,回风管以及处理后的新风管采用外贴铝箔的离心玻璃棉板保温.
- 管道穿防火墙的空隙处采用岩棉材料等非燃材料填充.
Thermal materials
phenolic pipes are adopted for thermal insulation of water supply and return pipes for air conditioning, as well as air-conditioning condensate pipes.
Aluminum foil faced glass fiber boards are adopted for thermal insulation of air-conditioning air supply and return ducts as well as fresh air ducts after chillers.
Non-flammable material will be selected to fill the interspace in the fire protection wall where the ducts go through.
消声与隔振:
冷水机组,水泵等设备采用减振台座,弹簧减振器或橡胶减振垫减振降噪.
在空调机组,新风机组,通风机的进出口采用涂胶帆布软管连接.
- 水泵进出水管上采用可曲挠橡胶接头,使设备振动与配管隔离.
Noise reduction and vibration isolation
Shock absorption bases, spring shock absorbers on rubber shock absorption pads are adopted for equipment, such as water chiller units, pumps, etc to reduce vibration and lower noise.
Flexible rubber-coated canvas hoses are adopted far connections of inlets and outlets of air-conditioning units, fresh air handling units and ventilators.
Flexible rubber couplings are adopted for the water intake and delivery pipes of the pumps to isolate equipment vibration from their pipes.
3.0空调和通风系统
3.0 Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems
方案设计范围
Scope of schematic design
空调设计
Air Conditioning Design
在体育馆内,一些区域设置空调系统.这些区域划分为:
西侧地下二层的贵宾休息室
东侧地下二层酒店门廊
地下一层的输送区,技术机房,运动员更衣间,医务服务,热身区,裁判区,健身中心,酒店大堂,会议室,厨房,特许区和贵宾大堂混合区.
首层的酒店大堂,酒店区,贵宾门廊,急救
In the stadium, in some ranges air conditioning systems are used. These ranges subdivide themselves as follows:
VIP – Lobby in West of levelel -2
Hotel lobby in the east of level –2
Delivary Circle, technical Plantrooms, Changingrooms for the athletes, Medical Service and warm up area, Judges Area, Fitness Center, Hotel Lobby, Conferenz, Kitchen and Concession, Vip lobby- Mixed Zone in level -1
Hotel lobby, Hotel area, Vip lobby, Vip Area, First aid in 0
Yin Tong Technology Company Ltd.
1. Our policy and vision on environment
2. Brief introduction to the company
3. Product introduction
a. Combination among indoors or outdoors wall, our product and external paints, wallpapers or tiles
b. Breakdown on YT insulation products
c. Six excellent features
4. Product usage
5. Regions suitable for the use of our products
6. Complete sale service
7. Practical examples
1. Our policy is to let our products keep our buildings, houses, rooms etc. warm in winter and cool in summer. Our vision is to apply our policy to lessen global energy consumption from electricity for heaters and air conditioners; and to lower global warming to benefit the world and our next generations.
2. Yin Tong Technology Co Limited (e-mail address: and e letter box: ) manages and operates in accordance with the standard of our national strict company management of professional technology and ISO standard. We have obtained a lot of National Commendations and provincial Certificates including Commendation on National technology results extremely worthy of recommendation to use, National self-developed excellent insulation material, etc. The Company situates at a location convenient for transportation and communication. It has been established since 2000. Its factory occupies 38600 sq meters, with some 3000 employees, equipped with modern production equipment. It is expanding. It produces and sells environmentally friendly wall insulation material suitable for all kinds of weather conditions and climate, warm, hot, cold or coldest.
3. Our products are called Types YT-A, TY-B and YT-C series to be able to keep warm in winter and cool in summer. Different types fit different regions with different weather.
3.1 Functional reference
Legend on combination among wall, the product and paints or tiles
Figure 1 Figure 2
3.2 Our products are made mainly of light, heat-resistant and inorganic materials.
Product appearance Package mode
Breakdown on "YT" insulation products
Table A
Item Description Unit Type
TY-A TY-B TY-C
1 Thermal conductivity coefficient W/(M.K) 0.036-0.060 0.054-0.073 0.060-0.080
2 Thermal storage coefficient W/(M2.K) 1.35 1.65 1.66
3 Strength of adhesion Mpa ≥0.1 ≥0.1 ≥0.1
4 Regions suitable for the use N/A Cold Hot in summer,
cold in winter Hot in summer,
warm in winter
Table B
Item Description Unit National
standard Our standard Test result Remark
1 Density w/ water Kg/m3 - 680 611 Pass
2 Density w/o water Kg/m3 - 560 453 Pass
3 Thermal storage coefficient W/(M2.K) - 1.35 1.65
Pass
4 Strength of anti pressure kpa ≥200 ≥300 355 Pass
5 Strength of adhesion kpa ≥100 ≥150 629 Pass
6 Thermal conductivity coefficient W/(M.K) ≤0.06 ≤0.059 0.054 Pass
7 Rate of linear contraction % ≤0.3 ≤0.3 0.1 Pass
8 Softness coefficient - ≥0.5 ≥0.5 0.55 Pass
9 Classification of fire resistance - General
fire resistance Non-
flammability High
nonflammabiltiy Pass
10 Scopes of resistance to change of weather a). 80 times recycles of heating up to high temperature and watering.
b). 25 times recycles of heating up and cool down. No separation between wall and the products, no bubbles, no peel-off, no in-between hollow, no cracks, anti crash up to 10J and strength of adhesion up to 0.61Mpa Pass
4 The company’s contribution to energy saving in building is by means of our advanced technology with safety and being environmental friendly. Our company is responsible for research, production and sale of the series. We use international and our own technology for the adhesion and compatibility of our product with wall, tiles and wallpapers. We produce the series by own self. Such technology results in our products’ keeping warm, excellent heat insulation, fire resistance, vibration resistance, light weight, sound proof, crack resistance, peeling-off resistance and no separation between wall and the products. The mixture of all these features can reduce 50% to 65 % of energy consumption of indoors heaters or air conditioners (For calculation of real energy reduction figures, please ask our company), satisfying or even exceeding our national requirement. In comparison with outdoors temperature, our products are, in winter, capable of raising room temperature by 6 - 10 degree Celsius. In summer, it can lower room temperature by 6 – 8 degree Celsius. Additionally, lower prices as well as easy and simple operation flow related to own products is also our superiority in the market. Due to the above-stated advantage, our products are always receiving true and high commendation.
4 Why are our products better than others?
4.1 Better heat resistance
It is because our products are of high density, strong strength but small figure of heat transmission coefficient. With these features, our products have surely better effect of keeping warm in winter and cool in summer as well as saving energy and money.
4.2 Safety, fire prevention and resistance to change of weather and climate
Our products are classified as Grade A fire-resistant material, excellently able to withstand heat attack at more than 1000 degree Celsius. Floor, ceiling and walls of corridors glued thickly with our products can stop fire from rooms to some extent for a period of long time. The coefficient of our products’ cubical expansion is nearly the same as that of wall materials, for example: concrete. Therefore, the products on wall form flexibility, non-cracks because of weather change, strong adhesiveness, no in-between hollow, firm bonding, the enduring of continuous clash, no separation between wall and our products and countering peeling-off.
4.3 Comfortable living environment
We produces with the raw materials without poison, odor and non-harmful to environment. Our products, i.e. the insulation coating on wall, roof, room screen, etc. have an ability to breathe through numerous pores on the coating, making persons in room healthy and feeling comfortable and bright.
4.4 Simple handling and easy gluing
Our products can be used to directly coat on walls, after our products are mixed with nothing other than fresh water. The coating needs to be flattened and smoothen only once. It does not require further to be watered on the coating. Our products are naturally white, which facilitates decoration with paints, tiles or even wallpapers (if indoors)
4.5 Excellent quality and lower prices
Our target is to make our products achieve the integration concept on building design and building technology by means of reducing giant construction cost under construction, maintenance cost and building energy consumption at the rear of building completion. Our goodwill is to apply our company ‘s advanced equipment, technology and complicated production flow to generate the products which our end users handle easily, quickly and convenient. Besides, our product series is much cheaper by 10% to 20% than other similar products in the market while our products’ quality is much better than them, which is proved by many construction reports and famous structural engineers.
5 Norm of product functions
All the function of our products is set in accordance with our own strict stipulation Q/YTQ 004-2006. It satisfies or even exceeds our national requirements of construction insulation mud, GB/T 20473-2006 and GB50411-2007.
6 Suitable geographical regions
We understand that the fitness is the best. The different types of our product suit different regions with walls of different bricks and different weather as well as climate. Our products can be laid on old and new roofs, walls, brick, sandy bricks, etc. in warm, hot, cold and coldest climate.
7 Complete sale service
7.1 Before sale
We provide to potential customers the detailed information on our products, business formalities and technology on how to deal with the products. We may guide potential customers to watch our products already pasted on existing buildings anywhere.
7.2 Support service
According to individual customers’ request, we provide solutions to their design and technology problem. As for operation, our company is absolutely willing to train and even appoint our technicians to instruct end users, unskilled workers to apply the products. Further to logistics, we can convey customer-ordered products from our factory to customers’ site under customer’s instruction.
7.3 After-sale service
We will regularly visit customer’s sites under operation and at the completion of construction, and listen to their opinion. By the consolidation of the information above, we shall improve our products and service continuously, if any.
