傲慢与偏见婚姻观论文模板

The Use of Marriage in Pride and Prejudice to Present the Nature of an Ideal Relationship With a social and cultural context where marriage was assumed to be of great importance, Jane Austen uses a number of marriages to expose and satirize societal values of the age, and to explore the nature of the ideal marriage. Austen portrays a true and ideal marriage to be one where economic and social compatibility is encompassed with love and the union of minds. In the novel, all marriages, except Elizabeth and Darcy’s, appear to be deficient in the values necessary for an ideal marriage. The marriage of the Bennets is an imprudent one, a union of a reasonably intelligent man with an inane wife. The suggestion that the initial attraction was purely physical elucidates that the relationship is based on superficial grounds. Mr. Bennet’s lack of satisfaction in his marriage leads him to shut himself from reality, failing to procure the masculine control that Austen regards as central in a successful relationship. Austen thus portrays marriage as a patriarchal institution, elucidating a perfect marriage to be one where the male takes control and the female allows for the “meeting of minds”. Like the Bennets, the marriage between Lydia and Wickham is also flawed. Their relationship is one where physical desire outweighs reason, decency and good sense, with “their passions stronger than their virtue.” Lydia’s infatuation with the “uniform” and desire for social standing, and Wickham’s desire for financial inducements leads them to marry for entirely wrong reasons. By stepping outside the social norms of her society, Lydia makes herself vulnerable to ostracism, and by breaking the rules of society (that Austen herself supports), their marriage is doomed to fail. In the novel, Charlotte Lucas presents a pragmatic view on marriage, declaring that “happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance”. Her marriage to Mr. Collins is to gain in establishment and acquire social standing and economic stability. It is through Charlotte Lucas that Austen illustrates the dire economic and social plight faced by unmarried women in the eighteenth century. The superficial nature of Collins’ love is made abundantly clear by Austen through his earnest desire to appease his patroness, by the ease with which he is able to transfer from one marriage object to another and the absurdity of his emotions. While the Collins’ relationship has social standing and economic security, it is entirely deficient in the affection and intellectual union that Austen regards as quintessential in a true marriage. The marriage of the Gardiners is superior to that of the Collins in terms of affection, intelligence integrity as well as economic stability. However, Austen’s realistic appraisal of eighteenth century society finds their relationship inferior due to its lack of rank and status. Similarly, Jane and Bingley [at the end of the novel] come to enjoy affection, position and economic security. However, their relationship is delineated to be lacking in depth of feeling and intelligence, and is a union of less intelligent minds, less self-awareness and Bingley’s weak irresolution. By comparison with all other marriages in the novel, Elizabeth and Darcy’s is the ideal by Austen’s standards - meeting the highest criteria of love, character and fortune. Theirs is a relationship of mutual respect and love, based on moral integrity and an understanding of each other as well as themselves, while possessing economic wealth and status. The marriages in Pride and Prejudice thus portray and advocate patriarchy within the economic system, social standing and society as a whole. Jane Austen therefore portrays marriage as a patriarchal institution where economic, social and intellectual compatibility as well as love must be present for the relationship to succeed.  Marriage in Pride and Prejudice "It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife." Jane Austen provides subsequent argument with the first line of her novel, Pride and Prejudice. A statement that remains true to this very day. Austen's' first statement sets up the beginning of the novel. She states that a man, financially well off, but with no mate to accompany him to share in his wealth, is undoubtedly in search of a wife. In Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Bingley and Mr. Darcy play the role of the rich men. Mr. and Mrs. Bennet are the parents of five unwed daughters. Mr. And Mrs. Bennet have conflicting thoughts about the arrival of the rich neighbors. Mr. Bennet thinks nothing of it. He has no new thoughts about the arrival of Bingley and Darcy. Mrs. Bennet sees flashing lights. She views it as the perfect chance to automatically place a few of her five daughters into the rich community. Marrying off her daughters serves as the main purpose in Mrs. Bennet's life. Mrs. Bennet wants her husband to go and make a greeting to the new crowd. Her plans are to get in contact with them and make aware her five unmarried daughters. Mrs. Bennet encourages her daughter, Jane, to set her sights on Mr. Bingley. Mr. Bennet's' sarcastic comments prove his disconcert on the whole topic. When Jane is invited to meet with Mr. Bingley and his sister, Mrs. Bennet suggests that she go by horseback in hopes that she could probably get ill and extend her stay. Mrs. Bennet's' mind is always thinking of ways to marry off her daughters. Her idea works to perfection and Jane ends up staying longer. Mrs. Bennet goes to work again at the arrival of Mr. Collins, Mr. Bennet's' cousin. Mr. Collins stays at the Bennet's house for a short time. He will inherit Longbourn when Mr. Bennet dies since he will be the only, close male relative. Mr. Collins first intentions are toward Jane, but Ms. Bennet informs him of Bingley. Collins then changes his target to Elizabeth. Mrs. Bennet is astounded at the rejection from Elizabeth. She does everything in her power to try to persuade her to marry Collins. Mrs. Bennet views Collins as a successful Reverend with a prosperous future who would be a good choice for Elizabeth. Elizabeth will have no such thing, and denies Collin. Her father also supports Elizabeth's decision not to accept the proposal. Marriage serves as the main element in Austen's' novel Pride and Prejudice. Mrs. Bennet's' preconception with her daughters and their mates leads her to be almost a social misfit. Behaving irregularly at public ball and events, she constantly sets a bad name for her family. On the other side, Mr. Bennet's' traditional ways of thinking of not trying to force marriage, but let it come naturally, contrast greatly with his wife.

—浅议简·奥斯丁《傲慢与偏见》中宾利和简的婚姻 The combination based on love and similar interests results in a happy marriage —The marriage of Bingley and Jane in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice Abstract This article generally analyses the marriage of Bingley and Jane. The author thinks that Bingley and Jane have many similarities in their characters, which lead them to a successful marriage although they all lack strength in their marriage. The author also points out that Bingley and Jane married for love, not for the money, status or good looks. So the combination of them is really a blessed and happy marriage. Key words Marriage Love Interests happy Content Jane Austen (1775-1817), who was born at Steventon on December 16, 1775, was one of the greatest novelists in England. She was the youngest of seven children in her family. She received most of her education at home. Her family are all fond of reading books, which influenced her very much. Her reading extended little beyond the literature of the eighteenth century, and within that period she admired Dr. Johnson particularly. And later she was delighted with both the poetry and prose of Scott. She died on July 18, 1817, and was buried in the cathedral in Winchester. She totally wrote six novels in her life. Among the six novels, Pride and Prejudice has been valued as the most successful and popular masterpiece. In this novel, Jane Austen mainly described the ordinary life of the Bennets . She told us four different marriages to show the readers that different people have different attitudes towards love. And also she expressed her own viewpoints on marriage that a combination based on love and similar interests is a happy and perfect marriage. In her opinion, the money-oriented marriage and sex-oriented marriage are not successful although the people can live together. The theme is narrow, but she showed us a beautiful tableau of the England people’s life of her own time. It seems that she had a talent to describe the ordinary life of people. “Read again, and for the third time at least, Miss Austen's very finely written novel of Pride and Prejudice. That young lady has a talent for describing the involvements and feelings and characters of ordinary life which is to me the most wonderful I ever met with.”1 Because of the lack of her experiences and knowledge, the characters in Pride and Prejudice are all of her own social class: The ladies and gentlemen of the landed gentry. And also, in every conversation, there was at least one lady. “The conversations of ladies with ladies, or of ladies and gentlemen together, are given, but no instance occurs of a scene in which men only are present.”2 Most parts of the story are the intricacies of courtships and marriages between the members of her class, which are great attraction to many readers. Among all the marriages in this novel, the combination of pleasant Bingley and mild Jane is the most blessed and happy one. The couple has similar interests and they insisted on pursuing their true love, which lead them to a happy and perfect marriage. Mr. Bingley was a good looking and gentlemanlike person whose revenues were about 5,000 pounds a year. As a young man who had good breeding, he was cordial and simple with easily-led disposition. With this character, he never appeared dissatisfied. He was easy to approach and constant in love although he was very rich. However, he lacked strength and independence in his marriage, which was a grievous defect of him. In the novel, Bingley was popular with almost everybody in everywhere. He had a pleasant countenance and easy unaffected manners. It is easy to find that he was agreeable both in appearance and character. The first appearance of Bingley was the time when he “returned Mr. Benner’s visit, and sat about ten minutes with him in his library.”3But the exact time when the readers began to know him was some days later. At the first ball at Netherfield, he was shown to everybody and the readers began to make acquaintance of his personality through his behavior. “ Mr. Bingley had soon made himself acquainted with all the principal people in the room; he was lively and unreserved, danced every dance, was angry that the ball closed so early, and talked of giving one himself at Netherfield. Such amiable qualities must speak for themselves.”4 Of course these personal strength won Jane’s admiration. She thought that he was just what a young man ought to be. In her eyes, Mr. Bingley was a sensible, good-humored, lively young man. And she had never seen anyone who had so many advantages with perfect good breeding! He was just her Mr. Right! At that ball, “Bingley’s attentions to Jane had given rise to a general expectation of their marriage. He spoke of it as a certain event, of which the time alone could be undecided.”5 Mr. Bingley also noticed Jane at that night. He fell in love with Jane at their first ball and their romance flourished quietly and steadily. His affection towards Jane was obviously sincere andunaffected. It was obvious that when Jane suffered a trifling cold, he was worried about her. His anxiety and attention to her was evident. For example, when Elizabeth said that she couldn’t leave her sister because Jane’s illness was worse, “Bingley urged Mr. Jones’s being sent for immediately.”6 and “Bingley was quite uncomfortable.”7 The following sentences also are the evidences: “ but diffuseness and warmth remained for Bingley’s salutation. He was full of joy and attention. The first half hour was spent in piling up the fire, lest she should suffer from the change of room; and she removed at his desire to the other side of the fire-place, that she might be farther from the door. He then sat down by her, and talked scarcely to anyone else.”8 It is not difficult for the readers to find Bingley’s real concern and affection towards Jane from these details. He was cordial and constant in his love. As a pleasant and modest person, Mr. Bingley was far from the man who was strong and determined. This is his merit but also his demerit. His cordial and simple character leads to his quiet romance with Jane. But his weak and easily-led character leads to his parting with Jane. So when their romance went smoothly, he suddenly departed from Jane, which nearly ends his happy love and marriage. Generally speaking, his departure from Jane was caused by the relationship between him and Darcy. They were good friends although they were different in character. Between them there was a very steady and constant friendship. Bingley was endeared to Darcy by the easiness, openness and ductility of his temper. It is no doubt for Darcy that Bingley had the firmest reliance. For Darcy, he wanted to help his friend. In his opinion, it is impossible for Jane to love Bingley. So he persuaded Bingley not to take Jane in marriage. This point can be found from his letter to Elizabeth: “Her (Jane) look and manners were open, cheerful, and engaging as ever, but without any symptom of peculiar regard, and I remained convinced from the evening’s scrutiny, that though she received his attentions with pleasure, she did not invite them by any participation of sentiment.” 9 For Bingley, he had an easily-led temper. He was so modest and pliable that he had no opinion about his own marriage. No matter how obvious his attachment to Jane was, he believed Darcy’s representation of Jane’s indifference was true. Because Mr. Bingley’s two sisters didn’t like Jane, they thought Mr. Bingley should choose Georgiana(Darcy’s sister) as his wife. So they also disagree with Bingley about his marriage with Jane. Under the influences of his sisters and Mr. Darcy, Bingley began to doubt Jane’s affection to him. Finally, he thought Jane didn’t love him, so he left her without saying good-bye. Later, when all the misunderstandings clarified, he came back to Jane at Darcy’s assistance. Bingley’s indecisive character determines his happiness and results that his life was controlled by others. Jane was the first children in her family. She was a kind and mild girl who was the most beautiful one among her sisters. As an introverted girl, she is constant in her love but lacks strength and self-confidence. She didn’t want others to know her love to Mr. Bingley, so she pretended that she had nothing to do with him. Compared with other girls, she was the most mild, kind, modest and almost perfect girl in this novel. Sometimes she was a little innocent. In her eyes, everybody is perfect. She never saw the ugly fact of life even she was deceived. Her character is vividly showed in many parts of the novel. “Compliments always take you (Jane) by surprise, and me (Elizabeth) never”10 and “Oh, You (Jane) are a great deal too apt you know, to like people in general, you never see a fault in anybody, all the world are too good and agreeable in your eyes. I (Elizabeth) never heard you speak ill of a human being in my life.” 11 According to this, readers can find that how kind and innocent Jane was. And also it is quite natural for Jane to fall in love with the pleasant and simple Bingley. She met him at the ball, and after then, she adored Bingley very much. But with her introverted and tranquil disposition, Jane controlled her passion too much, which nearly consumed her felicity. Although she loved Mr. Bingley after the ball, she had no courage to express it. She cherished her feelings towards him, but she chose to conceal it. She didn’t display her true feelings. On the contrary, she controlled her passion to the best of her ability, lest anyone find it. She only showed genteel pleasure and politeness although her heart was fluttering with romantic passion. In a sense, her attitude towards love was passive. According to the above, Darcy thought that though Jane was pleased with Bingley, she didn’t love him. He thought Jane’s “countenance and air was such as might have given the most acute observer a conviction that, however amiable her temper, her heart was not likely to be easily touched.”12 In his eyes, Bingley was involved in an unavailable love. So after then, he made great efforts to separate Bingley from Jane. After Bingley’s departure, Jane suffered great distress. She was very depressed. But because of the defect of her character, she pretended to be all right and said nothing about her sadness. Here, readers can find that her weakness and obedience had been thoroughly exposed. In the novel, Bingley and Jane never stopped pursuing their true love although there were so many obstacles between them. Fortunately, with the help of Darcy and Elizabeth, they finally got married and had a happy life. Bingley and Jane had many similarities in their characters, which is the main reason to the success of their marriage. They possessed personal attractiveness and dignity, social graces, and a measure of good sense. They all had good breeding, but lacked insight, strength, and self-confidence. They didn’t show their insides easily to the publics because they cared the social criticism too much. For Jane, she always concealed her true feelings, which gave others a illusion that she didn’t love Bingley. For Bingley, he yielded easily to criticism of Jane’s social position and easily accepted the suggestions of his sisters and Darcy, which almost consumed the felicity between Jane and him. In manner of speaking, the outside forces facilitated their marriage. According to the relationship between Bingley and Jane, love and similar interests are the basic factors of a successful and happy marriage. With many similarities in character, people can understand each other easily. Most important of all, the couple with similar interests can live together with a happy life, because there are understandings, helps and supporting between them. They don’t care the defects of their partners and even they don’t see any faults in each other. Just as the old saying going, “Birds of a feather flock together, people of a mind fill into the same group.”

摘 要】本文从作品中青年男女婚恋观和人性两方面入手，思考《傲慢与偏见》中不同人物的婚姻选择及人物行为动机与结果相背离的原因。由此揭示出个人不同婚姻选 择的最直接原因在于其需要层次的差异，人性中的自欺和欺人是导致行为动机和结果背离的原因。【关键词】婚姻观 人性 《傲慢与偏见》《傲慢与偏见》是奥斯汀的代表作。这部反映婚姻问题的小说为读者生动的展现了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活 和世态人情。时至今日，这部小说仍然吸引着众多读者，引发人们对人性本质的观察和无限思考。奥斯汀的小说主题大都是描写绅士淑女间的婚姻和爱情风波。讨论 “理智”与“情感”的对立，女主人公大多是年轻的小姐，故事情节一般是她们怎样生活，怎样从情感向理智过渡，最终找到自己的如意郎君，其小说的结局都是完 美的，所以总是会让人感到满意。因为奥斯汀的自传很少，人们便不自觉地将奥斯汀的生活和她的艺术世界相混淆了，这两个世界似乎是同样轻快的喜剧世界。通过作品，奥斯汀 向我们展示了她周围社会圈子的婚姻标准和道德生活，在描写爱情故事的同时，揭露了资产阶级婚姻制度的本质。本文试从不同青年男女的婚姻观和人性两个方面入 手，思考《傲慢与偏见》中不同人物的婚姻选择及人物行为动机与意愿相背离的原因。一奥斯汀在这 部小说中反映了各种各样人物的婚姻观。通过班纳特五个女儿对待终身大事的不同处理，表现了乡镇中产阶级家庭出身的少女对婚姻、爱情问题的不同态度。在小说 中作者提出了新的婚姻观：为了财产、金钱和地位而结婚是错误的；而结婚不考虑上述因素也是愚蠢的。因此，她既反对为金钱而结婚，也反对把婚姻当儿戏。她强 调理想婚姻的重要性，并把男女双方感情作为缔结理想婚姻的基石。这种新的婚姻观更接近当时的社会生活，这使得《傲慢与偏见》一书的思想成就超越了同时代的 爱情故事。伊丽莎白和达西的结合是小说中最幸福、理想的婚姻了。他们的婚恋过程是爱情与尊重的有机结合，体现了“自我实现的需要”。我并不 想就他们的婚姻发表什么看法，因为无论谁都觉得他们是对的。我想说的是书中的另外两对——夏洛特和柯林斯之间以及丽迪雅和韦翰之间的婚姻。作为陪衬，奥斯 汀写了伊丽莎白女友的婚事，用来与女主人公理想的婚姻相对照。夏洛特一个二十七岁的女孩相貌平平，与一位收入不错的乡村牧师的结合算得上是一桩“成功”的 婚姻了。但我们发现，夏洛特选择她的客厅时，有意避开她的丈夫。夏洛特和柯林斯尽管婚后过着舒适的物质生活，但他们之间没有爱情，这种婚姻实际上是掩盖在 华丽外衣下的社会悲剧。奥斯汀对夏洛特的婚姻观给出了极具讽刺意味的评价，结婚只是为了寻找一个归宿、一个不愁吃穿的“储藏室”，这样的婚姻根本没有感情 可言。爱情是理想婚姻的基石，没有爱情的婚姻是草率的、实际上是不理智的表现。柯林斯这种人根本不懂得爱情，他结婚好像只是为了要完成任务。这种婚姻只是 出于对“生理需要”与“安全需要”的满足，在这样的夫妻之间剩下的只有责任和无尽的互相责备。应该说丽迪雅对韦翰是怀着爱情的，但这是一见 钟情的爱情，没有深思熟虑、一时冲动的爱情。算起来丽迪雅爱上韦翰的时间，竟然还不足两个礼拜。她根本不了解韦翰的为人，就草率地决定了自己的婚姻大事， 还以为自己深爱着对方而对方也一样。这样的婚姻当然是不“理智”的，是不能长久的。丽迪亚的婚姻，象在她之前的，她的父亲的婚姻一样：轻率、缺乏判断、不 明智，听从冲动和情感的驱使。丽迪雅与韦翰的结合纯属“生理需要”层次的冲动。奥斯汀的作品给我们一个很重要的启示，那就是理智的问题。从 她的作品中，我们很容易得到结论——理智是人的美德。真正的幸福只有通过理智才能获得；而理智是对个体需要全面认识的结果。作者通过丽迪雅和韦翰、夏洛特 和柯林斯婚后生活的描写，向读者展示他们婚姻的失败，与伊丽莎白的“理智”形成鲜明的对比。二个人行为动机和意愿的背离，是人性自欺和欺人的结果。《傲慢与偏见》不仅提出了新的婚姻观，同时通过小说中人物的塑造，对 人性的复杂也进行了深入地剖析。由此揭示出人性中的自欺和欺人，是导致人们行为动机和结果背离的原因。在小说中，各种人物受外表迷惑，伪装 自己，愚弄他人，欺自己。美丽温柔的吉英与彬格莱先生彼此相爱。但她却刻意掩饰着自己热切的爱，结果使彬格莱误会吉英不爱自己，而听从了其朋友达西的劝 导，与吉英疏远。韦翰巧妙地利用了自己的奉承能力，以及一幅”讨人喜欢”的仪表，迷住了伊丽莎白，不停地为自己洗刷冤情，中伤达西。他的话里充满破绽，而 聪明过人的伊丽莎白虽能与彬格莱小姐辩驳，与咖苔琳夫人顶撞，却还是被韦翰牵着鼻子走。达西先生傲慢、无礼的样子早已进入伊丽莎白的头脑，受外表迷惑的伊 丽莎白，听信韦翰而对达西先生心存偏见。事情往往和表面看起来的不一样，当她被达西的真诚感动以后，才发现自己原来深爱着他。真相总是带着假面具让人做出 错误的评判。人们总是产生错觉，因为他们的行为出发点就是错误的。作者通过使人物错误行为的结果达到高潮，来揭露出导致这些错觉的原因是人性中虚伪的一 面，伪装的结果。因为被自己的判断所迷惑，伊丽莎白错看了韦翰和达西。事情和她想象的正相反。更具讽刺意味的是伊丽莎白是以自己的智慧和洞 察力引以为荣的。凯瑟琳夫人以她的社会地位高贵为荣，而头脑简单和缺乏教养一再表明这种骄傲是毫无基础的。咖苔琳小姐暗示她优越于班纳特家人，但她对达西 露骨的追求暴露出她自称教养的脆弱和虚伪。人们的行为表现常常用来掩盖真正的意图。夏洛特对柯林斯的关注，表面是帮伊丽莎白摆脱柯林斯求婚 的困扰，似乎应是伊丽莎白该感恩才对，但实际上夏洛特是在偷偷的为自己“套”老公。由于人们总是从错误的前提出发，欺自己或被欺，致使他们的行动总是 事与愿违。凯瑟琳夫人本是去阻止一个婚姻，却恰恰成为了它的起因。咖苔琳意图激起达西反对伊丽莎白的行为，却使他想起与伊丽莎白分享过的亲热。伊丽莎白受 到达西外表的误导，认为达西厌恶她，偏见使伊丽莎白无法看到真相，而用言语谴责他，但这样做实际上更吸引了达西的注意。透过这些人物，我们看到了现实的虚 伪以及行为结果对傲慢与虚荣的惩罚。虽然从19 世纪早期至今社会发生了巨大的变化，但我们发现理解《傲慢与偏见》的社会环境并不困难。一方面我们的知识使我们能意识到190多年前的社会本质，更主要是 因为社会分别从未消失。社会在继续，人们仍然展示着他们的势利、傲慢、贪婪、偏见。奥斯汀对人类本性的观察是如此之真实，她作品中的人物和困扰她们的问题 在我们的现实生活中清晰可见。参考文献：[1]William J Fitzpatrick，Jane Austin’s PRIDE AND PREJUDICE，Simon & Schuster，1964.[2]Nark Schorer. Pride and Prejudice，Riverside Edition—B1，Boston，1956.[3]R. W.. Chapman，Jane Austen:A Critical Bibliography，2�nd Edition，London，Annotated，1955.[4]David Daiches，Introduction to Pride and Prejudice. Modern Library，New York，1950.[5]Ian Watt，ed..Jane Austen (“Twentieth Century Views”). Englewood Cliffs，N. J.，1963.