前言以PD-1/PD- L1单抗为代表的免疫检查点抑制剂在肿瘤免疫治疗中取得突破性进展,成为继手术、放化疗、靶向治疗后的重要治疗方式。近年来,国内已有8种PD-1/PD-L1单抗相继获批上市,肿瘤治疗进入免疫治疗新时代。国产PD-1单抗卡瑞利珠单抗(艾瑞卡®)于2019年5月29日获得国家药品监督管理局(NMPA)批准上市,在血液肿瘤和实体瘤中陆续获得4项适应症(经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤、肝癌、非鳞非小细胞肺癌、食管鳞癌,图1)。那么,今天咱们就来聊聊“主角儿”——卡瑞利珠单抗成长和纳入医保的故事。图1 卡瑞利珠单抗适应症获批进程走近卡瑞利珠单抗独特结构卡瑞利珠单抗是全人源化的IgG4-κPD-1单克隆抗体,其分子结合位点有别于其它PD-1单抗,主要与CC′环和FG 环结合,Kd值为3.31 nmol/L1,在同类药物中Kd值较低,亲和力高,有效阻断PD-1与PD-L1通路,发挥持久阻断作用。“强效型抗体”卡瑞利珠单抗的IC50、EC50值在同类药物中属于低水平(IC50:0.7 nM,EC50:0.38 nM),一般而言,IC50、EC50值越低,PD-1单抗与配体亲和力就越高,药效也越强,因此卡瑞利珠单抗具有较强的抗肿瘤活性。受体占有率高而半衰期短卡瑞利珠单抗在人体内的受体占有率高,单次注射后的第22天PD-1受体占有率可保持在95%以上,发挥持续抗肿瘤效果。此外,卡瑞利珠单抗半衰期较短(仅5.5天),可实现药物的快速清除,用药安全性和耐受性更好2,17。从药效学的角度,卡瑞利珠单抗可发挥持久阻断PD-1/PD-L1通路作用,亲和力高,有较强的抗肿瘤活性。同时,受体占有率高而半衰期短,可提高安全性和耐受性。卡瑞利珠单抗疗效获得肯定2015年以来,卡瑞利珠单抗在国内外开展一系列临床研究及真实世界研究,于2019年5月上市后,已获得4个适应症,是目前获批适应症最多的国产PD-1单抗。在经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤、肝癌、肺癌、食管癌、结直肠癌、鼻咽癌等多种恶性肿瘤领域取得了突破性成果(表1)。表1 卡瑞利珠单抗重要研究数据卡瑞利珠单抗总体安全性良好卡瑞利珠单抗总体安全性良好,免疫相关不良反应(irAEs)通常有反应性皮肤毛细血管增生症(RCCEP)、内分泌毒性(甲状腺疾病、垂体炎等)、肝炎、肺炎等,其发生率分别为RCCEP(77.4%)、免疫相关性的肺炎(4.1%)、心肌炎(0.2%)、腹泻及结肠炎(0.9%)、肝炎(10.5%)、肾炎(1.0%)、内分泌疾病(32.9%)、血小板减少症(1.5%)、皮肤不良反应(6.7%)等2。有研究表明18,卡瑞利珠单抗联合阿帕替尼(抗血管生成药物)或化疗方案,可以显著减低RCCEP的发生,达到减毒增效的作用。卡瑞利珠单抗4项适应症全部纳入医保3月1日起生效2020年12月28日,《国家基本医疗保险、工伤保险和生育保险药品目录(2020年)》正式公布。恒瑞医药自主原研PD-1抑制剂卡瑞利珠单抗成功进入医保目录,用于晚期肺癌、肝癌、食管癌和霍奇金淋巴瘤的治疗。这意味着,自2021年3月1日起,卡瑞利珠单抗目前已有的4大适应症(肺癌、肝癌、食管癌和淋巴瘤)医保报销正式执行。希望卡瑞利珠单抗能为更多肿瘤患者带来希望,造福人类健康。参考文献1. 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