Abstract: In the next five years, China will not change take the coal as the foundation energy's heavy chemical patternOur country energy distribution serious is not balanced, the coal habitat mainly distributes in the mid-west, but east of the market demand south primarily, the cartage expense has the material effect to the habitat coal price. Realizes the coal transportation rationalization, to controls the coal price to have the vital significance.At present, China's coal transport, including railways, highways and waterways, due to large capacity, long-distance shipping of coal because of Sinotrans in the inland areas will not work, road transport is not suitable for long-distance transport, it is expected that the future will continue to domestic coal transport railway The main mode of transport. Despite China's railway transportation in the production efficiency indicators are in a leading position in the network size, level of technology and equipment, transport services quality, there are still large gaps.This article focuses on China's existing coal transport network analysis, the combination of rail, sea and road transport modes, such as the advantages and disadvantages, the existing coal transport network on the basis of a planning and added.Keyword: coal, transport, railways, transport rationalization