英文毕业论文范文下载

英美文学经典作品是英语语言学习中的一个非常重要的组成部分,一个良好的英语语言水平离不开英美文学作品阅读的训练。下文是我为大家整理的关于英美文学 毕业 论文优秀 范文 的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!英美文学毕业论文优秀范文篇1 试析英美文学中的 文化 问题 摘要：语言与文学作品能够准确地反映出一个民族文化环境中的习俗、信仰和普遍价值取向，在学习英美文学的过程中，也必然会接触到作品中所含有的各种文化知识，学校开设英美文学课程的主要目的在于培养学生的阅读欣赏能力以及在英美文学阅读中的理解能力，高等学校对英美文学课程的重视对于学生提高自身的英语水平起到了很大的作用。 关键词：英美文学文化问题历史文化背景 随着经济全球化趋势的不断加快，英美文学逐渐成为高等院校非常重视的一门专业必修课程，学校开设英美文学课程的主要目的在于培养学生的阅读欣赏能力以及在英美文学阅读中的理解能力，高等学校对英美文学课程的重视对于学生提高自身的英语水平起到了很大的作用，但是随之而来产生了一些文化问题，很多学生由于对英美文学缺乏深层含义的了解而逐渐丧失英美文学阅读的兴趣，这就要求我们在阅读英美文学的过程中要将语言学知识掌握扎实，广泛了解英美文化知识，从而不断增强英美文学课程开设的积极意义。 一、文化因素在英美文学中的重要性 随着我国与世界各国之间的联系越来越密切，跨文化能力逐渐成为英语教学过程中的重要组成部分，在英美文学的教学中也逐渐显示出其强大的生命力，语言本身就是一种文化，而语言与文学作品又能够准确地反映出一个民族文化环境中的习俗、信仰和普遍价值取向，我们在学习英美文学的过程中，也必然会接触到作品中所含有的各种文化知识，在英美文学的学习过程当中，学习者的个人情感因素非常重要，而其所掌握的文化知识也是不可或缺的。 在传统的英美文学教学中，我国的大部分高校文学教师都过分注重对文本阅读的重视和对英美文学作品的研究，忽视了指导学生对英美文学创作背景的认识，这样的教学方式使得大部分学生在学习的过程中缺乏基本的文化理解能力，对于英美文学中的文化因素不能做到深入的了解，对所阅读的英美文学作品中的文化内涵缺乏认知能力，使得学生在阅读英美文学作品时只能浮于表面，无法准确揭示文学作品当中的深层文化意义。 任何一门文学课程的学习都需要学习着具备较强的文化思想，并且具备一定的理解能力，而要想不断提高自身在学习文学作品当中的理解能力，就需要学习者首先对这门文学所产生的背景文化知识有一个深入的了解，一个优秀的文学学习者在文化 经验 、认知能力、语言学知识等各个方面都应当有较强的造诣，在英美文学的学习过程当中，学习者掌握一定的语言文化知识固然很重要，但是仅仅掌握语言文化知识也远远不够的，要想真正将英美文学的内容了解透彻。 我们还应当不断加强对英美文化背景知识的认识，只有借助于英美文化背景知识的帮助，学习者才能真正深入了解英美文学中的文化内涵，对于英美文学中所展现出的生活方式、宗教习俗、思维模式、价值取向、历史发展状况等有一个基本的把握，真正理解作品中所具有的思想感情，这种对于文学作品的理解能力的培养不是一朝一夕的过程，在这一过程中，学生必须坚持不懈，文学教师也应当指导学生掌握正确的 学习 方法 ，养成科学阅读英美文学作品的良好习惯，使学生在学习中不断提高阅读英美文学作品的能力，提高自身的文学素养。 二、英美文学学习中所出现的文化问题 1、英美文学学习中的社会文化问题。 任何一种语言实际上本身就是一种文化，而且在语言的发展过程中，社会文化也能够对其产生一定的影响，语言是文学作品组成的重要元素，在不同的社会环境中所形成的语言文化是不同的，这就使得文学作品在创作过程中不可避免地要受到社会文化的影响，例如，我们现在常常说“艳照门”、“捐款门”中的这个“门”字实际上代表的是一种“丑闻”的意思，那么“门”字的这层意思是如何而来的呢，这就要联系到一定的社会背景，自此以后，人们在遇到一些社会丑闻问题时便常常联想起这一事件，“门”字也就逐渐由了另一层的文化意义，由此看来，了解一个民族的社会文化背景对于学生理解英美文学的深层含义是具有重要意义的。 2、英美文学学习中的地区文化问题。 我们所说的地区文化实际上就是一种在特定的地区环境中所逐渐产生的带有地区文化特色的文化，学生在学习英美文学的过程中如果对这些地区文化不了解，就有可能造成文学时的障碍，例如，在学习诗人雪莱的《西风颂》的时候，如果学生对于英国的气候有一个准确的了解，就有可能理解不了作者为什么会把“西风”写成一种像打着春天脚步的风的形象，因为在我国，一提到西风，大家一般会联想到“西风凛冽”这个词，在文学作品中，西风不仅代表气候的不适宜，也常常在作品中衬托一种压抑、苦闷的心情，而在地处高纬度的英国，西风具有非常温暖舒适的特点，这种地区间的文化差异，也容易造成学生在学习英美文学作品时的困惑。 3、英美文学学习中的历史文化问题。 历史文化因素在任何一种文学作品中都是非常具有影响力的，文学作品本身就是对民族历史文化的反映，是在社会历史发展的过程中逐渐产生的，如果学生在学习英美文学作品的时候对英美国家的历史文化不了解，在理解作品含义时也就不可避免的会出现一些文化障碍问题，我国在历史发展的过程中与西方历史存在着很大的不同，如果对这种历史发展进程中的差异性不能做到准确的把握，就极容易产生一些阅读障碍。 4、英美文学学习中的宗教文化问题。 世界上的很多文学作品都涉及到伊斯兰教、__、佛教等宗教文化因素，各个国家和地区所信仰的宗教文化也是不同的，宗教文化的分布不同，使得各国文化在发展的过程中也相应地受到了一些影响，并且不同国家在宗教方面的信仰能够体现这一地区的一定的文化禁忌，如果对这种文化禁忌不够了解，就很有可能造成文学作品理解中出现障碍，像我们国家，信仰较多的宗教就是佛教、道教和儒教，这些宗教对文学创作者的思想产生着极为深刻的影响，也极大的影响了我国文学作品中的文化内涵，而对于英美文学作品，它们的内在涵义自然也会受到所在地区宗教文化的影响，欧洲大多数人都信仰基督__我国的宗教文化信仰存在着很大的不同，而这些不同常常会使得中国学生在学习英美文学时存在很大的理解困难。 例如，“an after life”根据__的宗教文化就是指人死之后的时光，而如果不了解西方的宗教文化，学生是不可能将这个词语联系到“死后”的，再如，一个犹太人穿着黑袍在路上走，如果有其他的犹太人让他脱下黑袍，就说明这个人是背弃了自己的犹太信仰而被大家多唾弃的，因为黑袍在犹太心目中就是犹太教的象征，因此，我们可以看出，加强对宗教信仰差异性的认识对于理解英美文化是非常重要的。 总结 针对我国英美文学 教育 中的文化问题，文学教师在教学中一定要全面掌握文学作品创作中的历史文化知识和背景材料进行准确的阐释，引导学生加强对英美文学中的文化问题的重视，增强学生吸收英美文学作品文化知识的敏感度，使学生在学习英美文学的过程中能够掌握科学的学习方法，养成阅读英美文学作品的良好习惯，全面提高学生的文学素养。 参考文献： [1] 付美艳.英美文学教学在高校教育中的重要性[J] [2] 罗绮伦.论在英美文学教学中加强文学文本的学习[J] [3] 张辉.建构主义的英美文学教学模式探索[J] [4] 范晓红.英美文学教学与大学生和谐人格塑造[J] [5] 刘可,王永蘅.新时期网络环境下的英美文学教学思考[J] 英美文学毕业论文优秀范文篇2 论英美文学中的《圣经》现象 摘 要:英美文学深受《圣经》影响,没有一部《圣经》,英美文学史就要改写。英美文学与《圣经》有着千丝万缕的联系,本文拟从两个方面来探讨英美文学中的《圣经》现象:一是《圣经》的观念和精神深刻地影响着英美文学;二是《圣经》乃英美文学创作素材的主要来源。 关键词:英美文学 《圣经》 观念和精神 素材 作为世界文学的一个重要组成部分的英美文学有两大传统根基:古希腊、古罗马神话与《圣经》。如果离开了这两大根基,英美文学就无从谈起。自中世纪以来,《圣经》有“唯一的书”和“书中之书”的称号,作为英美社会流传最广,影响最深,发行量最大,读者最多的一本书,《圣经》的观念和精神已经深深地渗透到英美人的意识之中。英美几乎所有重要的诗人、作家都与《圣经》中的思想和意象紧密相关。这使得客观、中肯地探寻《圣经》对英美作家作品的各种影响,对于全面、准确地把握英美文学发展的脉络和规律,具有极其重要的理论意义和实践意义。 一、英美文学中体现《圣经》观念和精神 《圣经》自始至终鲜明地贯穿着仁慈、宽恕和博爱的基督精神,《圣经》中关于仁慈、宽恕和博爱的箴言和训诫比比皆是。这些箴言和训诫告诉世人,有了爱,一切过错和仇恨皆可化解,爱是把一切真,善,美和谐地联系一起的纽带。《加拉太书》(Galatians)云:“要通过爱心彼此服侍,因为全部的法律合成一句话,那就是爱人如己。”(For all the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’―Chapter 5,Galatians,New Testament)许多英美作家深受这一精神的影响,其作品中更是无时不刻不透露和表达着这一中心思想。 在莎士比亚的许多作品,博爱是其主题思想。如:《罗密欧与朱丽叶》,它被世人誉为一曲永世不衰的“爱”与“美”的颂歌。通过蒙太古和凯普莱特两大家族的世仇纷争与两家儿女之间的生死恋,反映出原本美好的爱被邪恶的仇恨激起的械斗所破坏,而该剧的结局中却吐露出“和谐”的光芒,表达了向前看的积极乐观朝气昂扬的精神。 这里体现出了强烈的基督精神,即用“爱”去化解一切罪恶。而剧中的男女主人公罗密欧与朱丽叶,从这个意义上说,恰是一对年轻的殉道者,他们用自己的行动和“爱”化解了两大家族之间的刻骨仇恨。 再如:十九世纪俄国伟大的小说家――列夫•托尔斯泰,他也是一位虔诚的__徒。他一生的追求和所有著作,都与基督__仰有着千丝万缕的联系。他在代表作《复活》这部小说中宣扬宽恕和博爱,勿以暴力抗恶,提倡人性自我完善。 托尔斯泰认为男女主人公,聂赫留朵夫公爵和妓女玛丝洛娃精神上的“复活”,正是__精神的“复活”和人性的复归。聂赫留朵夫公公爵作为一个陪审官,当他在法庭上发现被告妓女玛丝洛娃正是年轻时代被他诱奸过的少女卡秋莎时,他良心发现了,并开始了一系列的忏悔赎罪活动,最后得到玛丝洛娃的宽恕,感受到爱与善的力量。这表明了《复活》这部长篇小说所宣扬的正是《圣经》所倡导的博爱精神。 英美文学中,贯穿《圣经》仁慈、宽恕和博爱__精神的作品比比皆是,英美文学对《圣经》观念的继承主要体现在:人性原罪、上帝审判、神性救赎、道德完善、神圣之爱……要更全面地理解英美文学的艺术魅力,必须要对英美文学中的《圣经》的观念有深刻的认识。 二、英美文学以《圣经》为创作素材 “《圣经》虽不是文学书,但具有很高的文学价值。”“《圣经》的意义对于每一代人都有不同的新启示”。圣经是文学作品永恒的母题,也是英美作家取之不尽、用之不竭的素材宝库。由于《圣经》在英美享有广泛的读者,可以说,《圣经》中的 故事 和人物在英美国家是家喻户晓,作家引用或化用《圣经》 典故 叙事说理,更易为读者所接受,还可以丰富作品的涵义,深化主题。因此,英美作家在文学创作中总是自觉或不自觉地以这种或那种方式引或化用《圣经》典故。 1.直接引用。 最易辨认的是作家直接引用《圣经》的词句或人名作为自己作品的标题或人物名称,以便引起作品与《圣经》相对应的联系;或者直接引用《圣经》故事,作为创作素材。如:怀特的《乘马车的人》小说题目即:出自《圣经•旧约》的《以西结书》,暗示了小说精神折磨和赎罪的主题;斯坦贝克的《伊甸园之乐》等标题取自《旧约•传道书》第一章;美国南方文学的代表作家威廉•福克纳的名著《押沙龙,押沙龙!》,从书名到故事情节都借用《圣经》中大卫王与逆子押沙龙的故事;戈尔丁的《塔顶》中的主人公牧师约塞林综合了亚当、该隐和撒当等三个圣经人物。 美国作家海明威的成名作《太阳照样升起》,其题目便是摘引《旧约全书•传道书》第一章第五节中的一句话。这表明二十世纪英美文学和《圣经》文本之间存在着明确的对应关系,在作品主题、人物等方面具有同一结构。 在二十世纪英美文学的重要作家中,自称“英国国教式的天主教徒”的T•S•艾略特较早提倡用“神话手法”来创作。而他的神话主要来源于《圣经》。艾略特在他的诗歌创作中成功的运用了“死亡与再生” 、“寻找圣杯”、“火与水”、“赎罪与救难”等《圣经》典故,挖掘现代人的内心世界,将古代与现代连接起来,使作品具有厚重的历史感,并且极大地增强了作品的象征意义,使其作品具有永恒的艺术魅力。 2.采用特殊手法化用。 有些英美作家并不直接引用《圣经》的典故,没有走完全蹈袭的道路,而是根据自己思想的表达,对《圣经》典故原型进行变形处理。英国文学史上有着最古老的作品之一美誉的长诗《贝奥武夫》中就已谈到上帝,并说妖怪格兰代尔是该隐的后裔。该隐是《旧约全书•创世记》中的人物。他是上帝造出的第一个男人亚当和第一个女人夏娃的儿子。他出于嫉妒把弟弟亚伯诱杀了,因而成为世间第一个罪人。虽然《贝奥武夫》对《创世纪》的故事进行了变形处理,但说嗜血成性的格兰代尔是该隐的胄裔是合乎《圣经》精神的。 拜伦的神秘剧《该隐》,主题也是《圣经》故事。不过同情革命的拜伦在《圣经》故事的运用方面采用了偷梁换柱的手法。按照《圣经》的传统说法,该隐出于嫉妒,杀死弟弟亚伯,因而上帝罚他到处流浪,成了丧家之犬。然而在拜伦的笔下,该隐的形象却迥然不同。该隐对上帝的善表示怀疑,对父母和弟弟卑躬屈膝地趋奉上帝的态度和做法非常鄙夷。拜伦把魔鬼撒旦作为不畏强暴、渴求自由的化身,并加以着意刻画,让他开导和激励该隐去反抗贪得无厌、暴戾恣睢的上帝。 英美作家化用《圣经》典故的另一种方法是:通过比喻、隐喻或象征等手法,作家把《圣经》故事的寓意融汇到作品的情节或人物的性格里,使这些故事发挥有力的陪衬和烘托作用。 不了解《圣经》故事背景的人,在理解这类文学作品时,便难免流于表面和肤浅。《威尼斯商人》第四幕第一场里,女扮男装的鲍西娅在法庭上以律师的身份出现,佯装驳斥巴萨尼奥提出变通法律的要求,让残忍的夏洛克在一片敌视的气氛中感到欣慰异常。 他情不自禁地欢呼道:“一个但尼尔来做法官了!真的是但尼尔再世!聪明的青年法官啊,我真佩服你!”这里莎士比亚就化用了一个《圣经》典故,《旧约全书•但尼尔记》说,但尼尔才智过人,判案如神。在法庭上孤立无援的夏洛克,在绝望中突然听到同情的声音,欣喜中称年轻的律师为但尼尔是很自然的。如果不理解莎士比亚的化用《圣经》的手法,对这一幕戏就很难理解通透。 总结 圣经》不仅是一部宗教典籍,它更是一种思维、情感方式,它的观念和精神深远地影响了英美人对历史社会、人类命运、个体生命等问题的看法,使罪与罚、道德与上帝、生命与永恒、仁慈、自由、博爱、平等、良心……成为了英美文学创作最基本的思想内容。浮在海洋上的冰山,露出水面的尖端只是整个冰山的一小部分而已。恰似《圣经》之于英美文学,就是冰山的基础同山巅的关系,英美文学作品中有时一行诗,一句话,甚至一个语词,后面都有丰富的《圣经》故事做支撑。 参考文献: [1] Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ronald Gotlesmanet. al (ed.), New York, 1979. [2] The Student Bible, New International Version. Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapid, Michigan, 1996. [3]Boss Murfin & Supryia M. ray(ed.)The Bedford Gl-ossary of Critical and Literary Terns. Bedford Books, New York, 1998. [4]钱 青等:《美国文学名著精选》,商务印书馆,1994。 [5]朱维之:《__文化》,上海书店,1992。 [6]郭海博、李 山:《圣经语典与妙用》,江西人民出版社,1995。 [7]叶舒宪:《神话――原型批评》,西安:陕西师范大学出版社,1987。 [8]艾略特:《__与文化》,四川人民出版社,1989。 [9]王佐良、何其莘:《英国文艺复兴时期的文学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,1996.9。 [10]张中载:《当代英国文学论文集》,外语教学与研究出版社,1996.6.

英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）

一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。

Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.

With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.

Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.

With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.

Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.

For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.

In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.

Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.

Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.

Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.

I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems

Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.

Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.

Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.

Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style

in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!

I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.the way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.so when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.next, it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five parts.part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.ok! that is all. thank you!

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.Angela Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.With the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist matriarchy.And her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.OK! That is all. Thank you!

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. Li.With his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.

Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.

Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.

The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

That’s all. Thank you.