syndrome论文范文

从材料选取的2003年山东申论范文,与各位分享申论2003年山东申论试题范文：要求这道题是在阅读全部材料的基础上，自拟题目写一篇议论文。字数不超过1200字。题干中规定的非常明确，是“在阅读全部材料的基础上”。因此，这篇议论文绝对不可以是针对材料中四个层面中的一点进行论述，必须是就整篇材料的中心主旨进行论证，既就非典对我们产生的各种影响进行论证。论非典时期的典型启示一场突如其来的灾难，一场没有硝烟的战斗，人类的共同敌人非典给我们带来了痛苦，打破了我们以往的生活的节奏。非典对中国、对世界，虽然是一个突如其来、前所未有的灾难。但是，非典给人们提供了一些有益的启示。第一，政务公开应进一步改革。党和国家领导人的一举一动，政府有所作为的果断举措，对“非典”疫情及时准确地向民众通报，并提出了可行的解决措施，政府和民众形成了合力，政府已经疏通了和民众的沟通渠道。特别是政府对非典这一突如其来的灾难的处理，已经朝透明化的方向发展，这是对民众负责任的态度和表现。这种趋势如果是持久地发展下去，很有利于加快推进体制改革的进程。有可能成为推进改革的最大动力。第二，在应对各种危机的管理体制上，应有通盘考虑。在这次应对非典的行动中，国务院成立了由副总理吴仪牵头，包括多个部委一把手的指挥部，成为协同式最高危机管理部门。在危机结束之后，应当考虑如何将危机管理日常化。作为一个幅员辽阔的大国，如果没有一个相对独立的危机处理常设体系，就无法在日常状态下，建立各种预警机制，及时捕捉各种信息，把危机消灭于萌芽之中，同时总结积累各种危机管理经验，将其溶于我们日常工作的管理中。第三，我们每一个个人和整个社会，应从与非典的战斗中欲火重生。首先，每个人都应该具备一定的风险意识。长期的和平年代已使我们的风险和危机意识淡漠，应付突发性危机事件的心理准备不足，以至于在面对突发事件时容易产生心理紧张，甚至是群体性的恐慌，从而使个人和整个社会在认知和行为上的应对能力降低。因此，我们在平时应该有风险意识，增强知识和手段的储备。当遇到危机时，则应该注意保持健康的心态，客观、理性和积极地应对我们所面临的困境。其次，从更深的层次看，这次事件应该使我们更多地反思个人的各种行为。其中包括如何培养健康的生活方式和卫生习惯，如何处理人与动物、人与环境之间的关系等方面。人们对自身行为的主动约束不仅对个人健康有益，而且对整个社会的风险防范和可持续发展都具有至关重要的意义。最后，这次事件使我们更进一步看到危机时，靠社会集体的力量是最有效的方式。在过去技术力量低下的情况下是如此，在技术已高度发达的今天仍然是如此。因此，我们应该在平时就注重培养公共道德、集体意识、奉献和牺牲精神，以及政府与民众之间的相互信任，而这一切有依赖于我们有一个公开、整和充满信任的社会。抗击非典的斗争虽然取得了胜利，但我们还需要冷静，防控措施不能丝毫放松。我们坚信，一个民族在灾难中失去的，必将在未来社会的进步中得到补偿。祖国的明天更加灿烂、更加美好。

在平平淡淡的日常中，说到作文，大家肯定都不陌生吧，作文可分为小学作文、中学作文、大学作文（论文）。那要怎么写好作文呢？以下是我帮大家整理的英语话题作文10篇，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。

A good book is like a cup of green tea, long fragrance gladdening the heart and refreshing the mind. In my bookcase, "Andersen fairy tale" although the appearance of rotten old, but it is my favorite book. A little story I love most in the "Andersen fairy tale" in the "beauty" is mainly about: in the woods there lived a beautiful sister, sister looks as though, but my sister has a perfect soul, and her sister was finally egoistic, Xinfu life.

Tell us from this story: we should not only be a person who looks beautiful, but also a person with spiritual beauty. Only the person with beautiful mind is the true beauty. It's the same thing in life. Once, I went shopping with my mum, just on the bus, he saw a look very beautiful aunt sitting on the side of her right hand, and stood a more than 80 year old grandmother, she didn't give grandma a seat, from time to time looking out of the window, but also filled with as it is people feel shame. In life, there are many things like this...... We should not only pay attention to the appearance of the beautiful, but also pay attention to the heart, to be a kind-hearted and helpful people, so as to make our home construction more beautiful and beautiful.

好书如同一杯清茶，沁人心脾，留香久远。在我们的书柜里，《安徒生童话》虽然外表烂旧，但却是我们最喜欢的一本书。在《安徒生童话》中我们最喜欢的一个小故事是《美》主要讲了：在树林里住着一对美丽漂亮的姐妹，姐妹的外表虽然一样，但妹妹有一个完美的灵魂，而姐姐自私自利，最后妹妹过上了辛福的生活。

从这个故事告诉我们们：我们们不光要做一位外表美的人，还要做一位心灵美的人，只有心灵美的人才是正真的美。在生活中也是一样的。有一次，我们和妈妈去逛街，刚上公交车，便看见一位外表十分漂亮的阿姨坐在一旁，她的右边而站着一位八十多岁的老奶奶，她竟然不给老奶奶让座，不时望着窗外，还装着如其事的样子，正让人觉得可耻。在生活中这样的事还有很多很多……我们们做人不要光注重外表美丽，更要注重内心，做一位心地善良、乐于助人的人，这样才能使我们们的家园建设的更加美丽、美好。

例1：你班李明和王英同学在高三阶段有不同的学习方法。请描述下列各图，适当增加细节使文章连贯，并谈谈你的看法。

Li Ming and Wang Ying are two students of Senior Three. They both work hard and but they have different learning methods。

Li Ming often sleeps in class instead of listening to the teacher. As a result, he misses lots of points that the teacher makes and it usually takes him more time to finish his homework. So he has to stay up late and doesnt get enough sleep。

However, Wang Ying has quite a different way of learning. She listens attentively and tries to catch everything that the teacher says in class. Because of this, she spends less time doing her homework, which makes it possible for her to go to bed early。

In my opinion, Wang Ying learns more effectively in class and has more free time to enjoy herself, so I prefer her learning method。

例2：假设你叫李华，你将作为高三毕业生代表，根据以下要点在毕业晚会上用

英文作一简短的告别演讲：

1、对三年高中生活的怀念；

2、对老师的感谢；

3、对母校的祝福。

My teachers and fellow students,

In a couple of weeks, well say goodbye to our mother school. How time flies! Now Its really hard for me to put my feelings into words. The past three years has been really a wonderful journey with you guys, full of laughter and tears。

该类别主要包括：教育、上网成瘾、上网交友、青少年犯罪、 个人隐私、出国留学、 知识学术欺诈、 望子成龙， 拔苗助长、 应试教育素质教育 、考试作弊 、相互攀比、 名牌、 浪费、 课业负担、 恋爱 、兼职 、占座、 8090后 、富二代、 校园旅游 、教育平等 、独生子女、 农民工子女、 创新 、迷信、 溺爱(spoiled)。

1、To concentrate limited resources on creative talents, or elite;

2、Enable students to possess better job skill;

3、prepare students for future employment;

4、to enhance the quality of population;

5、to promote scientific and technological level;

6、 to prepare one for a better and more meaningful life rather than a job;

7、one-child policy

8、migrant workers(农民工);

9、impartial education opportunities

10、overwhelming homework;

11、quality education(素质教育)

12、a comprehensive renovation

I love eating ice-lolly, no matter in the hot summer or the cold winter. The feelings are so different eating ice-lolly in the two seasons. In summer, the weather is so hot that I don't want to eat anything, except for the ice-lolly. I often buy a lot of ice-lollies in the refrigerater and I usually eat ten bars a day. When the ice water flow into the throat, I feel my whole world is icy and I feel that I am rescured from the hot day. However, in the cold winter, it's so different. Eating ice-lolly in the cold winter will make you feel colder. When you eating, you would shake because of the coldness. It seems that you are frozen. But it's the exciting feeling I like.

不管冬天夏天，我都喜欢吃冰棒，这两个季节吃感觉很不一样。夏天的时候，天气非常热，除了冰棒，我没胃口吃其他东西。我经常买很多放在冰箱里，一天吃十根。当冰水从喉咙流过，我感觉整个世界都冰凉了，我从大热天里解放出来了。而在冬天时，感觉就不同了，大冬天吃冰棒让你感觉更冷了，好像整个人都冰冻了，但这种刺激的感觉正是我喜欢的。

“我不喜欢弟弟或妹妹，因为那样爸爸妈妈就不会再爱我...”最近上网总能看到类似于二胎这样的话题。这个政策是去年新颁布的，瞬间引起了社会各界的更关注，这里的各界当然包括考研界，它已成为我们备考考研作文的话题之一。所以，今天，考研名师高老师想和大家来聊一聊有关二胎的话题词汇。

此政策在网络和微信上引发了热议(become a sensation on the Internet and WeChat)。不少网友认为"00后"(children born after 20xx)太自私，即使是同意父母生二胎的孩子，在有了弟弟妹妹后脾气也会变坏。但也有不少人认为，这仅仅是教育方式的问题而已(the problem lies in education)。如青岛一所小学的一群四年级学生日前成立了"反弟弟妹妹联盟"，说服父母不要生二胎。(A group of fourth-graders at an elementary school in Qingdao formed an "anti-siblings alliance" in an effort to persuade their parents not to have a second child.)该校一名老师最近发现，班里有八个孩子常聚在一起窃窃私语，讨论这件事(hold secret meetings to discuss the issue)。这些学生担心弟弟妹妹会分走自己独享的父母宠爱(steal their parents' exclusive love)。

有话题就会有相关词汇，这就要求大家在平常的学习中多多积累，这样到用的时候心中自然就有丘壑。如本篇总结词汇如下："00后"(children born after 20xx);反兄弟姐妹联盟"anti-siblings alliance";分走自己独享的父母宠爱(steal their parents' exclusive love)。同时也可以扩充相关词汇，如：生育登记服务制度?birth registration service system;流动人口 mobile population;独生子女家庭 only child family;生育时间表 birth time schedule;备孕 plan for pregnancy;母婴用品 baby, kids & maternity products;研究生妈妈 post-graduate mother。

二胎政策实施的过程中，也给社会带来了一定的影响。这一部分探讨也可以作为作文的写作素材。如全面二孩政策(universal two-child policy)出台后，中国内地主要城市三居室或四居室的大户型房子(large three or four-bedroom homes)销量攀升。北京和上海等城市的很多夫妇正在搜寻居住环境更佳的.大房子(hunt for larger homes with a better environment)，为家里添丁加口早做准备。据估计，新的生育政策将使未来5年内多增加1700万新生儿(extra 17m babies being born within the next five years)。

第一段：Asis depicted by the picture, sb is doing sth/sth is happening, showing the importanceof environment. This picture shows the common phenomenon that environmentprotection is becoming increasingly urgent, suggesting the destructive effectshuman beings made on the ecological balance, which is very thought-provoking. (注意，第一段图画描述一定要短，如果只要你以“谈论某某事情”开头，那就在简单描述图画后立即谈论)

第二段：currently，with industry and economy developing rapidly, anincreasing number of people are paying little or no attention to therelationship between human beings and nature. A typical example is waterpollution. There is no denying in saying that, in order to develop industry,the number of various factories and plants is dramatically increasing, which,directly or indirectly, causes serious water waste and water pollution. (本段在分析污染的原因。大家务必学会举例，举例一定要举简单典型的例子，不可以详细描述，以免陷入太深而犯语法错误。)

第三段：It is high time that we took effective andefficient measures to solve the problem reflected by the picture. First andforemost, the administration should make legislations to punish those whopollute environment. Secondly, it is very critical to carry out thoselegislations. It is easier said than done. So carrying out is, to a largedegree, more important then thinking out. Last but not the least, to strengthenthe public awareness of environment protection is necessary. Only by doing so canwe find the way out for the problem of pollution. (本段在谈论解决措施。这一段有些长，大家可以摘抄其中的句子默写背诵)

框架总结(类型：现象+原因+措施)：(非常重要)

第一段：Asis depicted by the picture, sb is doing sth/sth is happening, showing theimportance of ( ). This picture shows the common phenomenon that ( ) is becoming increasingly urgent, suggesting thedestructive effects of A on B, which is very thought-provoking.

第二段：currently，with industry and economy developing rapidly, anincreasing number of people are paying little or no attention to( ). A typical example is ( ). There is no denying in saying that, inorder to ( ), the number of ( ) is dramatically increasing, which,directly or indirectly, causes serious ( ).

第三段：It is high time that we took effective andefficient measures to solve the problem reflected by the picture. First andforemost, the

I think healthy habits are very important for us.All of us want to be healthy. First, we should get enough sleep during the night. We can go to bed early and get up early. Staying up late is bad for our health. Second, we must have the right kinds of food. We should eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat. We should drink a lot of water. We should have healthy eating habits. Third, we should do more exercise to build up our bodies.Finally, we should wash hands before meals and brush our teeth twice a day. If we don’t feel well, we should go to see the doctor at once.

题目：

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay entitled Post-holidaySyndrome Among Students. You should write atleast 150 words following the outline given below.

1. 很多学生在开学伊始都会出现假期综合症

2. 出现这一现象的原因

3. 我的建议

范文：

Post-holiday Syndrome Among Students

With the gloomy prospect of returning toschool, many students could suffer from post-holiday syndrome, which refers to a general feelingof depression before returning to campus life, which is caused by irregular lifestyles duringthe holiday. Symptoms include fatigue, lack of appetite and concentration, irritability and afeeling of helplessness.

Various reasons can account for it. But most important of all, a large number of studentstend to overindulge themselves in eating, merrymaking and playing around during the holidays,which makes it difficult to adjust to their routine study schedule and life pace on the campus.

My suggestions to deal with this syndrome are as follows. First，exercising and sticking toa normal schedule over the holidays will make a difference and nip post-holiday syndrome inthe bud. Besides, it pays to return a few days earlier before the semester starts. The earlyreturn seems to have kept the holiday blues at bay.

1、诚信

（安徽蚌埠）目前，学生考试作弊现象严重，请围绕以下要点谈谈其中原因以及个人建议。

原因：1.考试太滥 2.自身勤奋不够 3.把大量时间用在上网和玩游戏上 4.为了取家长和老师高兴

看法与建议：1、作弊有害；2、要做人诚实，学习发奋；3、学校应减少考试。

要求：1、字数80-100；2、围绕要点可适当发挥；3、文章开头已给出，不计入总字数。

At present, a number of middle school students have picked up a bad habit--cheating in examinations.

参考作文：

At present, a number of middle school students have picked up a bad habit - cheating in examinations.

There are three main reasons. First, schools have given students too many exams, some of which are too difficult. Second, some students are not hard-working and they don't work hard at their lessons. Third, they waste a lot of time playing games or surfing the Internet. So they haven't enough time to prepare for the exams. Finally, students have to do so to make their teachers and parents happy.

In my opinion, cheating in exams does great harm to our study. We students should be honest and diligent, and only in this way can we improve our study and make progress. Besides, our teachers should offer us fewer exams and more time to study for ourselves.

2、留守儿童

如今，在我们身边，父母均在外打工的留守儿童比比皆是。关注留守儿童，事构建和谐社会的重要内容。关注留守儿童，要*全社会的共同努力。你认为留守儿童面临的主要问题有那些？为了解决留守儿童的问题，请你向当地政府提建议

提示：1.缺乏父母的关爱，性格孤僻，学习压力大、自卑。

2.缺乏安全保障（家庭照官不力，容易犯错误甚至犯罪）。

建议：1.学校建立留守儿童心里咨询室，老师应该把爱播撒到每一个留守儿童的心田。

2.政府利用节假日建立留守儿童家长学校。

3.社会各界开展与留守儿童一帮一结对子的活动。

4.父母尽可能回到孩子身边，给孩子生活上和学习上的帮助和关爱。

Dear Mayor:

I'm a middle school student. I'm writing to tell you something aroud us. Nowadays, there are many left-behind children whose parents work away from their hometowns. Most of them are from the coutryside, you know, they have many problem. They are always lonely and stressed out because they are short of their parents' love. At the same time, they are easy to make mistakes even do some thing against the laws, because they're short of their families' care.

How to solve their problems? In my eyes, the government can set up a parents school for these children on holidays, you can organize" hand-in-hand" activity to call on more people to help them. You can also raise money to donate to these children. As the song says:"If everyone gives their love, the world will be better." It's very important for us to pay more attention to these children if we want to build a harmonious society.

Best wishes to you!

Sincerely,

Li Hua

Welcome to my home. Here are some of my family rules.

Let me tell you. I can’t eat in the bedroom but I can eat in the dining hall. I can’t go out on school nights. I can’t play computer games for a long time. I must clean my room every weekend. I must do my homework before dinner. I can’t play games on shool games. I must get up at 6:00. It includes the parents of my love.So I'm willing to abide by it.

These are my family rules!What about yours? Please tell me!

【参考译文】

欢迎来到我的家。这是我的一些家庭规则。

让我来告诉你。我在卧室里不能吃但我可以在食堂吃饭。我在有课的晚上不能出去。我不能玩电脑游戏很长时间了。每个周末我必须打扫我的房间。我必须在晚饭前做作业。我不能在学校玩游戏游戏。我必须6点起床。它包含了父母对我的爱。所以我很愿意遵守。

这些是我的家庭规则!你的呢?请告诉我!

非典型性肺炎 （Atypical pneumonias）是指由支原体、衣原体、军团菌、立克次体、腺病毒以及其他一些不明微生物引起的肺炎。而典型肺炎是指由肺炎链球菌等常见细菌引起的大叶性肺炎或支气管肺炎。 其实在医学界，人们对03年发生的这场传染病的名称存在争议，因为已经查明，这种病其实并不是医学上通常所说的“非典型肺炎”，而是“传染性冠状病毒肺炎”。 对于这种型传染病，人们的认识有一个逐步深入的过程，概念也渐趋正确。起初人们认为，致病原因是衣原体病毒，直到03年3月份才弄清其病原体是“冠状病毒”。我国广东医生在与病魔的搏斗中，根据其临床上有发烧、咳嗽、肺部有阴影等肺炎共性症状，但与由肺炎链球菌等细菌引起的肺炎相比，症状不够典型，病原体尚未完全明确，而且有传染性强、使用抗菌药物治疗无效等特征，于1月22日首次使用“非典型肺炎”来命名它，世界卫生组织也确认了其医学名称Atypical pneumonia，简称ATP。2月底，世界卫生组织的意大利籍传染病专家卡洛·厄巴尼（Carlo Urbani）大夫根据当时已经掌握的情况将其命名为severe acute respiratory syndrome (简称SARS)，3月15日世界卫生组织正式以此取代了ATP。 事实上， severe acute respiratory syndrome这一命名也没有充分反映该病症的本质特征，早有人建议应该将其命名为“传染性冠状病毒肺炎”（果真如此，可缩略为“冠肺”）。这种建议虽然尚未被社会和医学界接受，但足以佐证了SARS和非典一样，都是反映人们一定阶段对事物区别性特征的认识。 目前已经找到治疗方法，中国和欧盟科学家联手，成功找到了15种能有效杀灭非典病毒的化合物，为合成非典治疗药物提供了新方法。中欧科学家2005/6/9日在杭州结束的“中国—欧盟非典诊断及病毒研究”项目学术年会上公布了这一成果。 香港大学的新近研究表明，蝙蝠可能是SARS病毒野生宿主 计算机汉字输入专家周钢曾于2003年建议“非典型性肺炎”可以称为“肺痶”。 不过，仍然建议应该按世界卫生组织（WHO）的命名原则，在医学界称之为SARS（音“萨斯”）。香港医学界在第一时间与WHO一样，改称为SARS，中国大陆地区，因为民间一直以简称“非典”来称之，故在词条本身，不建议更改。