注塑模具英文论文文献综述

注塑模具毕业设计开题报告

一、选题的目的与意义

塑料相对金属，密度小，但强度比较高，绝缘性能优良，具有非常好的抗化学腐蚀性，在机械、化工、汽车、航空航天等领域，塑料已经大规模的取代了金属。目前塑料制件在工业、日常生活各领域几乎无处不在。所以掌握模具设计这一门技巧，对于未来从事相关行业的我们极其重要。在本课题的制做过程中，我们还锻炼使用UG 、AUTOCAD等CAD，CAE绘图软件的技巧。使我们在塑件结构设计、塑料成型工艺分析、塑料模具数字化设计、塑料模具零件的选材、热处理、塑料模具零件的制造，以及资料检索、英文翻译等方面获得综合训练，为未来工作适应期奠定坚实的基础。

二、我国模具工业的研究现状及发展趋势

80年代以来，在国家产业政策和与之配套的一系列国家经济政策的支持和引导下，我国模具工业发展迅速，年均增速均为13%，1999年我国模具工业产值为 245亿，至2002年我国模具总产值约为360亿元，其中塑料模约30%左右。在未来的模具市场中，塑料模在模具总量中的比例还将逐步提高。

我国塑料模工业从起步到现在，历经半个多世纪，有了很大发展，模具水平有了较大提高。成型工艺方面，多材质塑料成型模、高效多色注射模、镶件互换结构和抽芯脱模机构的创新方面也取得较大进展。

在制造技术方面，CAD/CAM/CAE技术的应用水平上了一个新台阶，以生产家用电器的企业为代表，陆续引进了相当数量的CAD/CAM系统，如美国EDS的UGⅡ、美国Parametric Technology公司的Pro/Emgineer、美国CV公司的CADS5、英国Deltacam公司的`DOCT5、日本HZS公司的CRADE、以色列公司的Cimatron、美国AC—

Tech公司的C—Mold及澳大利亚Moldflow公司的MPA塑模分析软件等等。这些系统和软件的引进，虽花费了大量资金，但在我国模具行业中，实现了CAD/CAM的集成，并能支持CAE技术对成型过程，取得了一定的技术经济效益，促进和推动了我国模具CAD/CAM技术的发展。

目前，国内市场对中高档模具的需求量很大，但要求国产模具必须在质量、交货期等方面满足用户的需求。另外，随着近年来工业发达国家的人工费用增加，其模具生产正向发展中国家特别是东南亚国家转移。因此，只要国产模具的质量能够有提高，交货期能够保证，模具出口的前景是十分乐观的。

未来我国的模具将呈现十大发展趋势：一是模具日趋大型化。二是模具的精度越来越高。三是多功能复合模具将进一步发展。新型多功能复合模具除了冲压成型零件外，还担负叠压、攻丝、铆接和锁紧等组装任务，对钢材的性能要求也越来越高。四、是热流道模具在塑料模具中的比重逐渐提高。五、是随着塑料成型工艺的不断改进与发展，气辅模具及适应高压注射成型等工艺的模具将随之发展。六、是标准件的应用将日渐广泛。七、是快速经济模具的前景十分广阔。八、是随着车辆和电机等产品向轻量化发展，压铸模的比例将不断提高，同时对压铸模的寿命和复杂程度也将提出越来越高的要求。九、是以塑代钢、以塑代木的进程进一步加快，塑料模具的比例将不断增大。十、是模具技术含量将不断提高，中、高档模具比例将不断增大，这也是产品结构调整所导致模具市场走势的变化。

三、课题关键问题及难点

1． 明确塑件设计要求

仔细阅读塑件制品零件图，从制品的塑料品种，塑件形状，尺寸精度，表面

粗糙度等各方面考虑注塑成型工艺的可行性和经济性，必要时，要与产品设计者探讨塑件的材料种类与结构修改的可能性。

2、运用UG及CAD软件完成模具设计。

分型面应选在塑件外形最大轮廓处。满足塑件的外观质量要求：注塑时分型面处不可避免地要在塑件上留下溢料或拼合缝的痕迹，因此分型面最好不要选在塑件光亮的外表面或带圆弧的转角处。其中分模是最重要的一环。

3、模具结构设计

1）． 塑件成型位置及分型面选择；

2）． 模具型腔数的确定，型腔的排列和流道布局以及浇口位置设置；

3）． 模具工作零件的结构设计；

4）． 顶出机构设计；

5）． 拉料杆的形式选择；

6）． 排气方式设计。

4、 模具总体尺寸的确定，选购模架

模架已逐渐标准化，根据生产厂家提供的模架图册，选定模架，在以上模具零部件设计基础上初步绘出模具的完整结构图。

5、 模具结构总装图和零件工作图的绘制

模具总图绘制必须符合机械制图国家标准，其画法与一般机械图画法原则上没有区别，只是为了更清楚地表达模具中成型制品的形状，浇口位置的设置，在模具总图的俯视图上，可将定模拿掉，而只画动模部分的俯视图。

模具总装图应该包括必要尺寸，如模具闭合尺寸，外形尺寸，特征尺寸（与注塑机配合的定位环尺寸），装配尺寸，极限尺寸（活动零件移动起止点）及技术条件，编写零件明细表等。

通常主要工作零件加工周期较长，加工精度较高，因此应首先认真绘制，而其余零部件应尽量采用标准件。

四、课题研究进程规划

1、支座三维模型的设计：根据盒盖零件的尺寸，设计出它的三维模型，并分析模型的具体特征，确定注塑模的基本结构。

2、分型面的设计：根据盒盖零件的结构进行拆模，设计型芯、模及定模的分型面。

3、创建塑模模具元件：生成型芯、动模、定模等模具的成型零件。

4、模具的充模、开模仿真：通过充模仿真，检查该模具注塑出的具有单一实体特征的塑件是否符合设计要求;通过开模仿真，检查开模是否能够顺利进行，

开模是否发生干涉，从而确定模具设计的合理性。

五、参考文献：

1。张维合编著，注塑模具设计实用教程[M]，化学工业出版社，2007。9

2。屈华昌主编，塑料成型工艺与模具设计[M]， 机械工业出版社，2000。4

3。屈华昌。塑料成型工艺与模具设计。北京：机械工业出版社，1996，  1—3

4。刘际泽。塑料制品内与模具设计提案。北京：中国轻工业出版社，2001， 4

5。李得群。国外注射模CAD/CAM/CAE发展概况。模具工业，1994，  （9 ） ： 47—53

6。刘跃军，翟金平。聚合物注射成型的过程控制[[J]。工程塑料应用，2001，29 （9）： 41—42

7。益小苏。高分子材料的制备与加工。杭州：浙江大学出版社，1997， 4—8

8。刑海涛。精品模具申城展风采高水平设备荟萃上海[[J]。机械工人/冷加工，2002，（4）：1

9。杨洪旗。模具设计与CAD技术[[J]。 CAD/CAM计算机辅助设计与制造，2000，（4）：16

The Graduation Project Manual describes the packaging of Ding Yi face cream to cover the whole process of mold design. The first is the physical measurement of face cream covered package size, use of the current mainstream CAD software Pro / E three-dimensional modeling of products, re-use Pro / E Mold Design module of the product sub-module design. Plastic parts and then by analyzing the quality and appearance of the appearance of the structural characteristics of the die structure design. The use of the mold gate feed points, the use of column-oriented direct introduction, putting the completion of release, and molds to choose the materials. The structure of such a design work to ensure that reliable operation die. Finally, the structure of the mold injection machine with a matching check, and a set of AutoCAD drawing die assembly drawings and parts diagram. 选我

Mold or die are the common terms used to describe the tooling used to produce plastic parts in molding.Traditionally, molds have been expensive to manufacture. They were usually only used in mass production where thousands of parts were being produced. Molds are typically constructed from hardened steel, pre-hardened steel, aluminium, and/or beryllium-copper alloy. The choice of material to build a mold from is primarily one of economics, steel molds generally cost more to construct, but their longer lifespan will offset the higher initial cost over a higher number of parts made before wearing out. Pre-hardened steel molds are less wear resistant and are used for lower volume requirements or larger components. The steel hardness is typically 38-45 on the Rockwell-C scale. Hardened steel molds are heat treated after machining. These are by far the superior in terms of wear resistance and lifespan. Typical hardness ranges between 50 and 60 Rockwell-C (HRC). Aluminium molds can cost substantially less, and when designed and machined with modern computerized equipment, can be economical for molding tens or even hundreds of thousands of parts. Beryllium copper is used in areas of the mold which require fast heat removal or areas that see the most shear heat generated.[12] The molds can be manufactured by either CNC machining or by using Electrical Discharge Machining processesThe mold consists of two primary components, the injection mold (A plate) and the ejector mold (B plate). Plastic resin enters the mold through a sprue in the injection mold, the sprue bushing is to seal tightly against the nozzle of the injection barrel of the molding machine and to allow molten plastic to flow from the barrel into the mold, also known as cavity[13] The sprue bushing directs the molten plastic to the cavity images through channels that are machined into the faces of the A and B plates. These channels allow plastic to run along them, so they are referred to as runners.[14] The molten plastic flows through the runner and enters one or more specialized gates and into the cavity[15] geometry to form the desired part.The amount of resin required to fill the sprue, runner and cavities of a mold is a shot. Trapped air in the mold can escape through air vents that are ground into the parting line of the mold. If the trapped air is not allowed to escape, it is compressed by the pressure of the incoming material and is squeezed into the corners of the cavity, where it prevents filling and causes other defects as well. The air can become so compressed that it ignites and burns the surrounding plastic material.[16] To allow for removal of the molded part from the mold, the mold features must not overhang one another in the direction that the mold opens, unless parts of the mold are designed to move from between such overhangs when the mold opens (utilizing components called Lifters).Sides of the part that appear parallel with the direction of draw (The axis of the cored position (hole) or insert is parallel to the up and down movement of the mold as it opens and closes)[17] are typically angled slightly with (draft) to ease release of the part from the mold. Insufficient draft can cause deformation or damage. The draft required for mold release is primarily dependent on the depth of the cavity: the deeper the cavity, the more draft necessary. Shrinkage must also be taken into account when determining the draft required.[18] If the skin is too thin, then the molded part will tend to shrink onto the cores that form them while cooling, and cling to those cores or part may warp, twist, blister or crack when the cavity is pulled away.[19] The mold is usually designed so that the molded part reliably remains on the ejector (B) side of the mold when it opens, and draws the runner and the sprue out of the (A) side along with the parts. The part then falls freely when ejected from the (B) side. Tunnel gates, also known as submarine or mold gate, is located below the parting line or mold surface. The opening is machined into the surface of the mold on the parting line. The molded part is cut (by the mold) from the runner system on ejection from the mold.[20] Ejector pins, also known as knockout pin, is a circular pin placed in either half of the mold (usually the ejector half) which pushes the finished molded product, or runner system out of a mold.[21]The standard method of cooling is passing a coolant (usually water) through a series of holes drilled through the mold plates and connected by hoses to form a continueous pathway. The coolant absorbs heat from the mold (which has absorbed heat from the hot plastic) and keeps the mold at a proper temperature to solidify the plastic at the most efficient rate.[22]To ease maintenance and venting, cavities and cores are divided into pieces, called inserts, and sub-assemblies, also called inserts, blocks, or chase blocks. By substituting interchangeable inserts, one mold may make several variations of the same part.More complex parts are formed using more complex molds. These may have sections called slides, that move into a cavity perpendicular to the draw direction, to form overhanging part features. When the mold is opened, the slides are pulled away from the plastic part by using stationary “angle pins” on the stationary mold half. These pins enter a slot in the slides and cause the slides to move backward when the moving half of the mold opens. The part is then ejected and the mold closes. The closing action of the mold causes the slides to move forward along the angle pins.[23]Some molds allow previously molded parts to be reinserted to allow a new plastic layer to form around the first part. This is often referred to as overmolding. This system can allow for production of one-piece tires and wheels.2-shot or multi-shot molds are designed to "overmold" within a single molding cycle and must be processed on specialized injection molding machines with two or more injection units. This process is actually an injection molding process performed twice. In the first step, the base color material is molded into a basic shape. Then the second material is injection-molded into the remaining open spaces. That space is then filled during the second injection step with a material of a different color.[24]A mold can produce several copies of the same parts in a single "shot". The number of "impressions" in the mold of that part is often incorrectly referred to as cavitation. A tool with one impression will often be called a single impression(cavity) mold.[25] A mold with 2 or more cavities of the same parts will likely be referred to as multiple impression (cavity) mold.[26] Some extremely high production volume molds (like those for bottle caps) can have over 128 cavities.In some cases multiple cavity tooling will mold a series of different parts in the same tool. Some toolmakers call these molds family molds as all the parts are related.[27]来自维基百科，仅为一部分

The Graduation Project Manual describes the packaging of Ding Yi face cream to cover the whole process of mold design. The first is the physical measurement of face cream covered package size, use of the current mainstream CAD software Pro / E three-dimensional modeling of products, re-use Pro / E Mold Design module of the product sub-module design. Plastic parts and then by analyzing the quality and appearance of the appearance of the structural characteristics of the die structure design. The use of the mold gate feed points, the use of column-oriented direct introduction, putting the completion of release, and molds to choose the materials. The structure of such a design work to ensure that reliable operation die. Finally, the structure of the mold injection machine with a matching check, and a set of AutoCAD drawing die assembly drawings and parts diagram.