历史文化英语小论文模板怎么写

The information revolution, the development of mass media and the achievements in science and technology have doubtlessly ushered us in a rapidly progressing society, where we may have no time to talk about our traditional culture. In the city, no one can escape from the fast pace. We eat the popularized fast food and enjoy the popularized "fast food" culture. Since we get so used to such fast things that many traditional things have been neglected, some people believe that the traditional culture will gradually be lost, but I think it will never be lost. Although entertainments are in abundance nowadays, traditional cultures still continue to dominate. We still regard going to a concert as a luxury. Many classic books touch a string from generation to generation in spite of time and space. And we are still moved by the inspirational spirits of our great ancestors.Traditional festivals remind us of our disposition to the traditional culture. Our relief in traditional culture gets ready to revive at any time. To some traditional cultures that are on decline, we have taken active measures to conserve them. Experts have e up with proper advice on protecting such cultures. Many volunteers have dedicated themselves to studying them. First and foremost,more and more people have discerned the importance of the traditional culture. Therefore, we are sure that our efforts will lead to a brilliant future. If a culture wants to gain an eternal life, it should change itself to cater to the people in its age. So does our traditional culture. Traditional cultures adhering to modern means appear rigorous. For example, we make CDs for classic music so that it can not only meet modern needs but also spread further and more successfully in the modern world. The appearance of traditional culture changes, but the essence will never change and will be well accepted. There is no need to worry about whether our traditional culture will be lost. It is an important heritage of the whole human race. No culture, no mankind. We cherish the traditional culture as we cherish our blood in our body. The traditional culture lies in life, forever continuing.。

Culture of China The Culture of China is home to one of the world's oldest and most plex civilizations. China boasts a history rich in over 5,000 years of artistic, philosophical, political, and scientific advancement. Though regional differences provide a sense of diversity, monalities in language and religion connect a culture distinguished by such significant contributions such as Confuciani *** and Taoi *** . Confuciani *** was the official philosophy throughout most of Imperial China's history and strongly influenced other countries in East Asia. Mastery of Confucian texts provided the primary criterion for entry into the imperial bureaucracy.With the rise of Western economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, Western systems of social and political anization gained adherents in China. Some of these would-be reformers rejected China's cultural legacy, while others sought to bine the strengths of Chinese and Western cultures.China is a unified nation consisting of many different ethnic groups. Fifty-six different ethnic groups make up the great Chinese national family. Because the Han people accounts for more than niy percent of China's population, the remaining fifty-five groups are generally referred to as "ethnic minorities." Next to the majority Han, the Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, and Uygur peoples prise the largest ethnic groups. Although China's ethnic minorities do not account for a large portion of the population, they are distributed over a vast area, residing in every corner of China.Particularly since the implementation of China's opening and reform policy, the central government has increased investment in minority areas and accelerated their opening to the outside world. This has resulted in an upsurge of economic development in these areas. Each of China's ethnic minority groups possesses a distinctive culture. The Chinese government respects minority customs, and works to preserve, study, and collate the cultural artifacts of China's ethnic minority groups. The government vigorously supports the development of minority culture and the training of minority cultural workers, and fosters the development of traditional minority medicine.The relation among China's ethnic groups can be described as "overall integration, local concentration, mutual interaction." Concentrations of ethnic minorities reside within predominantly Han areas, and the Han people also reside in minority areas, indicating that there has been extensive exchanges among China's ethnic groups since ancient times. With the development of the market economy, interaction among ethnic groups has bee even more active in the areas of government, economics, culture, daily life, and marriage. Linked by interdependence, mutual assistance, and joint development, their mon goals and interests creating a deep sense of solidarity, China's ethnic groups resemble a great national family, together building Chinese civilization.。

这些东西都可以再网上查到！关于长城的传说 In the north of China, there lies a 6,700-kilometer-long (4,161-mile-long) ancient wall. Now well-known as the Great Wall of China, it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the east. As one of the Eight Wonders in the world, the Great Wall of China has bee the symbol of the Chinese nation and its culture. Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place following along the construction, and since that time these stories have spread around the country. Those that happened during construction are abundant, such as Meng Jiangnu's story and the legend of the Jiayuguan Pass. Meng Jiangnu's story is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the Great Wall. The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC). It tells of how Meng Jiangnu's bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall collapse. Meng Jiangnu's hu *** and Fan Qiliang was caught by federal officials and sent to build the Great Wall. Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure, so she set out to look for him. Unfortunately, by the time she reached the great wall, she discovered that her hu *** and had already died. Hearing the bad news, she cried her heart out. Her howl caused the collapse of a part of the Great Wall. This story indicates that the Great Wall is the production of tens of thousands of Chinese moners. Another legend about the Jiayuguan Pass tells of a workman named Yi Kaizhan in the Ming Dynasty (1368BC-1644BC) who was proficient in arithmetic. He calculated that it would need 99,999 bricks to build the Jiayuguan Pass. The supervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even one brick, then all the workmen would be punished to do hard work for three years. After the pletion of the project, one brick was left behind the Xiwong city gate. The supervisor was happy at the sight of the brick and ready to punish them. However Yi Kaizhan said with deliberation that the brick was put there by a supernatural being to fix the wall. A tiny move would cause the collapse of the wall. Therefore the brick was kept there and never moved. It can still be found there today on the tower of the Jiayuguan Pass. In addition to the above-mentioned stories about the construction of the Great Wall, there are also plenty of stories about current scenic spots. A famous one is the legend of the Beacon Tower. This story happened during the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC-711 BC). King You had a queen named Bao Si, who was very pretty. King You liked her very much, however Bao Si never *** iled. An official gave a suggestion that setting the beacon tower on fire would frighten the King's subjects, and might make the queen *** ile. King You liked the idea. The subjects were fooled and Bao Si *** iled at the sight of the chaos. Later enemies invaded Western Zhou, King You set the beacon tower on fire to ask for help. No subjects came to help because they had been fooled once before. Thus, King Zhou was killed by the enemy and Western Zhou came to an end. Beautiful stories and legends about the Great Wall help to keep alive Chinese history and culture. In each dynasty after the building of the Great Wall, many more stories were created and spread. 历史 No one can tell precisely when the building of the Great Wall was started but it is popularly believed that it originated as a military fortification against intrusion by tribes on the borders during the earlier Zhou Dynasty. Late in the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC), the ducal states extended the defence work and built "great" structures to prevent the attacks from other states. It was not until the Qin Dynasty that the separate walls, constructed by the states of Qin, Yan and Zhao kingdoms, were connected to form a defensive system on the northern border of the country by Emperor Qin Shi Huang (also called Qin Shi Huangdi by westerners or the First Emperor). After the emperor unified the country in 214 BC, he ordered the construction of the wall. It took about ten years to finish and the wall stretched from Linzhao (in the eastern part of today's Gansu Province) in the west to Liaodong (in today's Jilin Province) in the east. The wall not only served as a defence in the north but also symbolized the power of the emperor. From the Qin Dynasty onwards, Xiongnu, an ancient tribe that lived in North China, frequently harassed the northern border of the country. During the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu (Han Wu Di), sent three expeditions to fight against the 。

关于长城的传说

In the north of China, there lies a 6,700-kilometer-long (4,161-mile-long) ancient wall. Now well-known as the Great Wall of China, it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the east. As one of the Eight Wonders in the world, the Great Wall of China has bee the symbol of the Chinese nation and its culture.

Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place following along the construction, and since that time these stories have spread around the country. Those that happened during construction are abundant, such as Meng Jiangnu's story and the legend of the Jiayuguan Pass. Meng Jiangnu's story is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the Great Wall. The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC). It tells of how Meng Jiangnu's bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall collapse. Meng Jiangnu's hu *** and Fan Qiliang was caught by federal officials and sent to build the Great Wall. Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure, so she set out to look for him. Unfortunately, by the time she reached the great wall, she discovered that her hu *** and had already died. Hearing the bad news, she cried her heart out. Her howl caused the collapse of a part of the Great Wall. This story indicates that the Great Wall is the production of tens of thousands of Chinese moners.

Another legend about the Jiayuguan Pass tells of a workman named Yi Kaizhan in the Ming Dynasty (1368BC-1644BC) who was proficient in arithmetic. He calculated that it would need 99,999 bricks to build the Jiayuguan Pass. The supervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even one brick, then all the workmen would be punished to do hard wo

Culture of China The Culture of China is home to one of the world's oldest and most plex civilizations. China boasts a history rich in over 5,000 years of artistic, philosophical, political, and scientific advancement. Though regional differences provide a sense of diversity, monalities in language and religion connect a culture distinguished by such significant contributions such as Confuciani *** and Taoi *** . Confuciani *** was the official philosophy throughout most of Imperial China's history and strongly influenced other countries in East Asia. Mastery of Confucian texts provided the primary criterion for entry into the imperial bureaucracy. With the rise of Western economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, Western systems of social and political anization gained adherents in China. Some of these would-be reformers rejected China's cultural legacy, while others sought to bine the strengths of Chinese and Western cultures。

Our country is an old country with about five thousand years history so it has been attracting so many foreign tourists or students to e here to explore our history. Unlike other countries, China has experienced many dynasties and its culture has spread home and abroad . In terms of character, it has developed so much that we can hardly grasp every one of them though we are Chinese, let alone foreigners. So this has made so many foreigners much interested in it . Chinese Kun-fu is also impressive in the world .。

Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world. This is true even as popular culture that has traditionally been considered Western begins to spread throughout China. Kung Fu, especially, has had a great impact on the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that, they may e to China and learn about other aspects of this culture, such as traditional operas like the Beijing and Sichuan ones. Asian nations have long known about the greatness of ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are a mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted ideas such as Confuciani *** is something that continues today even as it is challenged by Pop Culture. This strength es from the ideas given in the Four Books of Confuciani *** (The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius, and The Book of Mencius). These books built upon the ideas of an even more ancient period codified in the Five Classics. From them, the West learns such things as Fengshui and other concepts that are uniquely Chinese. China has taken steps to further this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe.

中国传统文化正在吸引全世界的注意，尽管在传统意义上被看成是西方文化的流行文化开始在中国广泛传播。尤其是中国功夫，对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的成千上万的人来讲，有着非常大的影响。由于功夫，他们可能来到中国，学习了解中国文化的其他方面，比如京剧和川剧这样的传统戏剧。亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的博大。他们自己的文化混合了本民族的文化和中国文化的特色。韩国和日本很早就把儒教等观念引进了他们的社会当中。甚至在被流行文化冲击的今天，儒教的影响也一直在延续。这种力量来自“四书”（《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》和《孟子》）中的思想。这些书是依照“五经”之中所体现的更为早期的思想而著成的。西方人从中了解到了诸如风水等中国所特有的文化概念。中国已经通过向其他国家派遣文化使者并在美国、欧洲等地建立中国文化中心来进一步推广中国文化。

Chinese Knot or Chinese traditional decorating Knot is a kind of characteristic folk decorations of handicraft art. Appeared in ancient time, developed in Tang and Song Dynasty (960-1229A.D.)and popularized in Ming and Qing Dynasty (1368-1911A.D.) Chinese Knot has now bee a kind of elegant and colorful arts and crafts from its original practical use.

The characteristic of Chinese Knot is that every knot is made of a single rope and named by its specific form and meaning. By bining different knots or other auspicious adornments（吉祥的装饰品） skillfully, an unique auspicious ornament which represents beauty, idea and wishes is formed. For example, "Full of joy". "Happiness & Longevity", "Double Happiness". "Luck and Auspiciousness as one wishes" and "Wish you a fair wind" are Chinese traditional pleasant phrases expressing warmest regards, best wishes and finest ideal.

To fit in with the needs of modern life, Chinese Knot has various products. The o main series are auspicious hanging and knitting clothing adornment. Auspicious hanging includes large tapestry, big room hanging, automobile hanging etc. Knitting clothing adornment includes ring, eardrop, hand chain, necklace and other woman's special adornments.

Today, people are fond of Chinese Knot for its characteristic form, colorfulness and profound meaning.

语言不仅是思维和交际的工具,同时也是社会 文化 的反应,并制约人们的思维。下文是我为大家整理的关于英语语言文化论文 范文 的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!关于英语语言文化论文范文篇1 浅探习语语言在英语中文化要素 1 历史发展的文化要素 在历史发展的长河中，由于受民族迁徙、异域民族入侵、民族内部战争等因素的影响，语言被烙上了清晰的印痕。作为富含深层文化内涵的英语习语，更是深受这些因素的影响。在英国历史上，英法两个国家战争不断，其中以英法七年战争和英法百年战争最为著名，法国文化对英国文化影响很大，成为现代英语的三大来源之一。 例如习语French leav(e不辞而别)、French frie(s炸薯条)、stew in one’s own juic(e自作自受)等。其中Frenchleave 指在 18 世纪的法国流行一种参加宴会的客人不向主人告辞而自行离去的习俗。而在法语中，也有“英国式告辞(不辞而别)”之说。这也是两国人相互调侃的方式之一。历史上罗马人曾经统治英国达四百年之久，古罗马文化对英国文化的影响烙印深刻。英语中受古罗马文化影响的习语俯拾皆是，像Do in Rome as the Romans do(入乡随俗)、Rome was not built in a da(y冰冻三尺，非一日之寒)等。历史上英国和荷兰为争夺海上的霸主地位，两个国家在短短 26 年(1652 年至 1678 年)中就进行了2 次战争，双方胜负各半。 为了发泄对战争失败的不满，英国人喜欢把交战国的名称赋予某种贬义加以丑化。诸如习语I’m a Dutchman， if..(.如果我……，我就不是人)、beat the Dutc(h了不起)、Dutch uncl(e严厉训斥者)等都是英国人讽刺荷兰人粗鲁、莽撞无礼的最好例证。到近代，两次世界大战和一些地区的局部冲突，都对英语产生了影响。习语the fifth colum(n第五纵队)就产生于这一时期。1936 年 10 月，西班牙首都马德里受到德国法西斯军队和西班牙叛军的联合进攻，在进攻前的动员大会上，西班牙叛军将领Emilio Mola公开宣称，叛军和德国联军的四个纵队正在向马德里展开猛攻，并且他的第五纵队也已经在马德里城内展开活动。后来英语习语the fifthcolumn 专门用来指代被别国收买了而颠覆自己国家的叛徒或别国派入的间谍。 2 岛国地理环境中“海的文化”要素 自然环境对文化的形成也有直接的影响。“特定文化的表达方式是由特定的地理环境造就的”。(王葆华，2010)英国岛国四面环海，英语习语的形成深受这种特殊的“海的文化”影响。大多数英国人以 捕鱼 为生，因此鱼是日常生活中的主要食品。和鱼相关的习语在英语中俯拾皆是，像nEither fish nor fow(不伦不类)、The best fish swimnear the bottom(好货难求)、cool fis(h怪人)、fish in the air(缘木求鱼)、There are plenty more fish in the se(a天涯何处无芳草)等。 长期海上生活中积累的 经验 也反映在习语语言中，如know the rope(s掌握窍门)、cut and ru(n三十六计走为上)、take the wind out of someone’s sai(l先发制人)、sail under false colour(s假冒伪劣)等。其中 sail under falsecolours 指中世纪海盗猖獗期间，海盗船上常常悬挂假旗号，以便于接近其他船只而不引起对方的警惕。后来人们就用此习语指代“假装”或“冒充”的东西。此外，习语carry coals to Newcastl(e多此一举、画蛇添足)来历是指煤都纽卡斯尔的煤矿储量丰富，如果生意人想运送煤碳到这个城市的话，那肯定会血本无归。由于岛国上的可耕土地很少，所以英国人特别注重畜牧业的发展，畜牧业中也留下了很多与之相关的习语。 比如lose one’swoo(l大发雷霆)，因为羊毛能给牧羊人带来客观经济效益，如果没有了羊毛，也就断了财路，人当然平静不了。再比如Much cry and little woo(l雷声大，雨点小)，指的是羊叫起来声音很大，但产出的羊毛却很少。 3 风俗习惯的文化要素 作为一种特定的社会现象，风俗习惯是“一个群体的习惯和准则的总和，群体人员的创造和遵循是其存在的前提基础”。(Worsley， 2008)身处在特定的社会风气和传统习惯的氛围之中，人们的日常生活不但受到影响，语言也必然会体现出这些影响。例如习语let one’s hair down(身心轻松)就是英国早期习俗的体现。 古时英国的妇女不论地位高低，在任何场合都把自己的头发梳洗得整整齐齐，但是当她们回到家中独自一人时，为了身心的放松，就把头发披散下来，习语“身心放松”的含义由此产生。另一个例子是来源于中世纪的英国生活习俗，在餐桌中间往往放置的是盐器，宾主落座时，盐器上首坐的是贵宾，而下首坐的是一般客人或随从，习语above the sa(lt德高望重的地位)和below the sa(lt无足轻重的地位)由此产生。 面包、牛奶、黄油和奶酪是英国人日常食物的主要组成部分，习语中也体现出了这些食品的重要地位，如bread and butter(生计之需)、bread and chees(e日常食品)、take the bread outof someone’s mou(th抢某人的饭碗)、like a hot knife throughbutte(r易如反掌)、cry over spilt mil(k覆水难收)、half a loaf isbetter than no brea(d聊胜于无)等。 4 宗教信仰的要素影响 文化的一个不可或缺的组成部分就是宗教信仰，它渗透到人类的精神生活、社会生活和语言交际体系中。早在公元 3 世纪初，英国就设立了__教会，因此大多数英国人信仰基督__信上帝。祈求上帝保佑时，英国人会用手指在胸前划十字，口中说God bless me ;骂人时说God damn you ;不愿意某事发生时说God forbid ;人死了说depart to God。在信徒的眼中，上帝无所不能，一切万物、包括人类在上帝面前都微不足道。 习语Manproposes， God dispose(s谋事在人，成事在天)充分体现了这种思想。直接来自《圣经》中的 故事 和比喻的习语也有很多，如来自《旧约·但以理书》第五章的习语handwriting on the wal(l不祥之兆)说的是巴比伦王伯沙撒(Belshazzar)继承了父亲的王位后穷奢极欲、荒淫无度。一日，他邀大臣一千多人在宫中狂饮，许多金银器皿被拿出来待客，席间宫墙上突然有一手伸出来并写下三个神秘的词，大家看后无人能解，于是赶紧把先知但以请来来解字。但以解释说 ：你的统治地位已结束，你的国度将倾裂。果然，当夜伯沙撒就遇刺身亡。类似来自《圣经》的习语还有很多，如make bricks without straw(巧妇难为无米之炊)、at the eleventh hou(r关键时刻)、theparting of the way(s紧要关头)、in sackcloth and ashe(s悲痛忏悔)等。 5 神话寓言的要素影响 世界 文化不仅相通，而且相互影响。“ 英语的 发展史是外来词汇的变异积累过程，也是受民族的 文学作品逐渐浸润、融合、变异的进化过程。”(Herrnst Ein， 2009)民族神话、 传说 和 寓言故事 在 语言的发展变化过程中都留下了深深的烙印。希腊罗马神话和伊索寓言是影响英语习语的两大主要文化要素。 古希腊是西方文明的发源地，希腊神话的最大特点是“兼具人之外形和情感的神令自然人悟其之渺小”。(Turner，2009)古罗马神话是由古希腊神话发展变化而来，到公元前的最后 3 个世纪，罗马诗人维吉尔(Virgil)、奥维德(Ovid)把希腊神话的内容移植到罗马神话中，把希腊神话里的人物名称换成罗马使用的拉丁文名称，创作出希腊—罗马神话的结合体。 英语习语中有许多就是直接来自这种结合体。例如under theros(e严守秘密)这个习语指的是一天，爱与美之女神维纳斯(Venus)在不惑之年还背着丈夫、儿子与情人偷偷幽会，不料刚好被沉默之神哈坡克拉提斯(Harpocrates)无意中撞见。维纳斯的儿子丘比特(Cupid)知道这件事后非常气愤，但又怕此事传出去后对父亲和自己不利，苦思良久后心生一计，他摘下一朵美丽的玫瑰花送给哈坡克拉提斯，肯求他不要把这件事声张出去，沉默之神对丘比特发誓会严守秘密。还有类似的习语如the web ofPenelop(e永远完不成的任务)、sword of Damocle(s随时到来的危险)、Pandora’s Bo(x万恶之源)、apple of discor(d争斗起因)、Achilles’hee(l致命弱点)等都来自希腊罗马神话。 寓言是习语的另一个主要来源，“寓言在流传的过程中被浓缩并升华为习语”。英语习语的重要来源是《伊索寓言》，如习语dog in the mange(r损人不利己)讲的是有一只愚笨之极狗，由于它自己不能吃马槽里的干草，便向正在津津有味吃草的马嚎叫，也不让马吃草的故事。类似的习语还有sour grape(s酸葡萄)、cry wol(f虚张声势)、a wolf in sheep’s clothin(g伪装友善的敌人)、nourish a viperin one’s bosom(养奸护恶)等。 6 文学作品的文化要素 出自文学巨匠笔下精彩的故事情节、富有教益的哲理和涵义深刻的词句常常成为习语的另一个重要的素材来源。文学语言对习语的来源贡献在于以下四个方面“精彩词句、故事情节、鲜明人物和历史习语”。 (徐振忠，2010)莎士比亚的作品是公认的对英语习语贡献最多的来源之一。莎士比亚作品的习语大体可分为两类 ：一种来自剧作的故事情节 ;一种来自作品的词句。莎士比亚剧作中的人物性格鲜明，情节生动，剧中内容常常被引申成为习语。如hoist by one’s own petar(d害人反害己，搬起石头砸自己的脚)出自《哈姆雷特》[3 幕、4 场 ]，早期的炸药箱被称作petard，战争是用于炸开敌人坚固的城池。但由于当时的爆破技术还很不成熟，引爆人点燃炸药后还没等自己撤离，炸药就爆炸了，结果当然是引爆人与敌人同归于尽了。 类似的习语还有one’s pound offles(h合法但不合理的要求)、a horse of a different colou(r另外一回事 ;截然不同)等。莎士比亚作品语言简洁优美、寓意深刻，许多习语就是直接来自作品的词句。如bay atthe moo(n空嚷、徒劳)在《裘里斯 · 凯撒》第四幕第三场里的原文是 ：I had rather be a dog， and bay the moon。原文中bay 被用作及物动词，而现代英语倾向于用作不及物动词，因此加了介词at。类似的习语还有flutter the dovecotes(闹得鸡犬不宁)《[柯里奥拉纳斯》]、paint the lil(y多此一举)《[约翰王》]、the world is someone’s oyste(r随心所欲)《[温莎的娘儿们》]、thereby hangs a tal(e说来话长)《[驯悍记》]等。 英国文坛还有其他许多对世界文学有较大影响的文学巨匠，如乔叟、米尔顿、柯勒律治、拜伦、狄更斯等。他们的作品也对英语习语产生了很大的影响。如习语albatross round soneone’s nec(k提醒某人不犯错误之物)出自柯勒律治的长诗《老水手之歌》。 信天翁是一种海鸟，可以在睡觉时翅膀不煽动并浮在空中，据说随便杀死信天翁会招致厄运。柯勒律治的诗歌中讲述了一位水手由于自己的大意，射杀了一只信天翁，结果在航行途中他麻烦不断，还差点丧命。后来他才悟出个中的缘由，上岸后他把那只信天翁的尸体挂在脖子上，以表达自己示忏悔的心情。来自文学作品的习语还有all hell breaks loose(闹翻天)(米尔顿，《失乐园》)、at sixs and seven(s杂乱无章)(乔叟，《特洛莱斯和克丽西德》)、mind one’s ey(e小心谨慎()狄更斯，《巴纳比·拉奇》)等。 结语 语言学家Hudson指出 ：“语言特征和文化特征常常难分彼此”。(Hudson， 2011)习语的形成与其语言所属的民族文化更是密不可分，“文化是孕育培植习语的温床”(McMordie， 2006)，如果对习语的文化背景没有认真的研究，就难以理解它们其中的深刻含义。本文只从六个方面粗略讨论了影响习语形成的文化要素，以期希望对英语习语 爱好 者在今后的学习过程中正确理解习语的文化内涵和恰如其分地运用习语方面有所启迪和帮助。 关于英语语言文化论文范文篇2 浅析中学生英语语言文化意识的培养 摘要：语言意识的培养，在大学英语教学中较为广泛，但是在中学英语教学中较少提及。我国小学已普遍开设英语课程，中学生已具备一定的英语基础，培养学生的语言意识是有可行的。良好的语言意识有利于学生将来的 英语学习 ，学习者能更好地运用英语，减少交际中的障碍，并进行成功交际，培养学生语言意识是有必要的。本文主要从建构理论，认知的过程出发，并结合我国中学英语教学的实际，说明在中学英语教学中培养语言文化意识的重要性，以及如何培养学生的语言文化意识。 关键词：英语教学;文化知识;语言意识培养 1.引言 传统的中学英语教学，侧重于单词和语法等语言知识点的教学，它培养的是学生某一方面的技能。但是语言的学习是为了运用，交际，从这一角度来看，传统英语教学的弊端突显出来。 根据认知语言学，语言意识指语言的固有能力来处理信息，是洞察语言本质和功能的语言能力。本文中的语言意识，在中学英语教学过程中，将表现为是由文化、政治、社会和习俗等方面组成的。 语言是文化的载体，学习一种语言，不仅仅要掌握语言点知识，培养听、说、读、写、译的基本技能，更重要的是学习蕴含于语言之中的文化现象和文化背景知识，包括政治，经济，文化等多方面，从而培养英语思维。语言意识的培养正是这一要求的体现。语言是交流的工具，有一定的语言意识，了解目的语的文化背景知识， 思维方式 ，交际也就更能达到理想效果。 2.文化与语言的关系 文化通常被定义为在一定的社会或者社会一部分范围内流行的一套价值观念和信仰，是一个社会的整个生活方式，一个民族的全部活动方式。语言是人类生活的重要组成部分。(王建坤，2008)徐行言在《中西文化比较》(2004)中，对文化的理解与概括分为一下几个方面： 把文化看作是一个包含多层次、多方面内容的综合体，用它来概括人类创造和积累起来的全部物质与精神财富以及人们的生活方式。把文化理解人类精神现象或观念形态的总和;强调文化作为人的社会行为与习俗的意义;把文化视作人类的艺术活动及富有仪式性的民俗活动的概括;把文化理解为一个社会的传统行为形式或全部社会遗产。 根据裴文的表述，语言与文化的关系分为以下几种(参见王建坤，2008)：(1)语言是一种文化;(2)语言是文化的工具;(3)语言是文化传播的载体;(4)语言是文化的形式;(5)语言与文化相互作用。由此可见离开了内容，离开了语言的内涵，就谈不上语言。语言学习需要和文化学习结合起来，语言教学的同时也必须了解文化，这样才能真正地更好地运用语言。 3.从建构主义看语言中的文化教学 建构主义是认知理论的一个分支，是学习理论的一个分支，是学习理论中行为主义发展到认知主义以后的进一步发展。最早由瑞士著名心理学家皮亚杰(J. Piaget)于20世纪60年代提出。(范琳，2003)一般认为，建构主义学习理论源于皮亚杰，后经布鲁纳、维果茨基等教学 教育 心理学家不断发展和完善。 建构主义是源自 儿童 认知发展的理论，由于个体的认知发展和学习过程密切相关，因此利用建构主义可以较清楚地说明学习过程的认知规律。建构主义认为，学习不是信息简单地从外到内的单项输入，而是通过新信息与学习者原有的知识经验双向的相互作用而实现的。 我们所说的语言文化意识的培养，正是基于此，培养学生的文化意识，在教学中进行一定的文化导入。文化导入是一种通过引导的方式让学生主动建构语言与文化知识的一种 方法 ，促进学生的英语综合运用能力的提高。该方法主张教师在一定的教学环境中，对学生进行引导，激发学生的思考，促进学生主动进行新信息和原有知识的建构，从而培养学生对文化的敏感性，以及处理文化信息的灵活性，最后获得综合运用英语能力的提高。 4.培养语言文化意识是跨文化交际能力的需要 由于技术的发展，旅游的兴旺，经济和政治体系变化，移民方式的改变，人口增长等原因，人们与来自不同文化背景的人的交流日益增多;人们日益认识到文化会对交流产生微妙和深刻的影响。我们学习语言就不可避免地接触到所学语言国家的交际文化。在不同民族和国家的文化中，既有共性也存在差异，而这些差异是由于历史文化背景、地理环境、传统习惯和思维方式的不同，在语言表达上表现为差异，这些差异的存在可能妨碍文化和语际的正常交流。 英语的学习最终的目的是交流和交际，是为了更好的跨文化交流，将中国博大精深的文化传播出去，吸收外国文化的精华。在教学中渗透文化意识，了解英语国家文化，有助于提高学生的交流能力和跨文化交流能力，克服与不同文化背景中的人们相互理解过程中的障碍，促进交际的成功。 5.交际教学法的弊端 巴克斯(2004，参见孙鸣，2007)认为，业内人士大都默认为：交际法不仅是先进的方法，而是唯一正确的学习语言的方法。根据语言学家威多森(Widdowso ，H. G. 1991,参见孙鸣，2007)对交际教学法的分析与评价，交际教学法注重让学习者用语言做事，表达观念和完成各种交际行为。 它强调“做”、“自然学习”和“自然语言使用”，在学习如何得体地使用语言的过程中，学习者会不经意地学习语言，通过“做”而“知”。交际教学法所关注的是给学习者创造使用该语言的条件和情景，而不是我国现阶段英语教学的词句和语法。 从认知角度来看，外语学习的认知过程始于陈述性知识。陈述性知识是有关某物是事实的知识，是人有意识掌握的、可以陈述的、以命题方式储存在大脑中的事实、概念、或观念构成的信息。(孙鸣，2007)心理语言学研究表明，语言的使用是以认知为基础的(桂诗春，2002，参见孙鸣，2007)语言的认知设计陈述性知识，而语言的使用则涉及程序性知识。 近几年，交际教学法盛行于我国英语教学中。结合我国英语教学的实际，交际教学法的不足之处日益显现出来。交际教学法所主张的由“做”而“知”， 忽视了外语学习认知过程中陈述性知识的作用，不符合外语学习认知过程及其规律，并不适合我国英语教学环境。 而提倡在教学中进行文化渗透，培养学生语言文化意识，更符合外语学习认知的过程及规律，语言的认知过程和认知结构需要有文化的参与。