爱伦坡诗歌主题解读论文

"The Black Cat" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. It was first published in the August 19, 1843, edition of The Saturday Evening Post. It is a study of the psychology of guilt, often paired in analysis with Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart".[1] In both, a murderer carefully conceals his crime and believes himself unassailable, but eventually breaks down and reveals himself, impelled by a nagging reminder of his guilt. The story is presented as a first-person narrative using an unreliable narrator. The narrator tells us that from an early age he has loved animals. He and his wife have many pets, including a large black cat named Pluto. This cat is especially fond of the narrator and vice versa. Their mutual friendship lasts for several years, until the narrator becomes an alcoholic. One night, after coming home intoxicated, he believes the cat is avoiding him. When he tries to seize it, the panicked cat bites the narrator, and in a fit of rage, he seizes the animal, pulls a pen-knife from his pocket, and deliberately gouges out the cat's eye.From that moment onward, the cat flees in terror at his master's approach. At first, the narrator is remorseful and regrets his cruelty. "But this feeling soon gave place to irritation. And then came, as if to my final and irrevocable overthrow, the spirit of PERVERSENESS." He takes the cat out in the garden one morning and hangs it from a tree, where it dies. That very night, his house mysteriously catches on fire forcing the narrator, his wife and their servant to flee.The next day, the narrator returns to the ruins of his home to find, imprinted on the single wall that survived the fire, the figure of a gigantic cat, hanging by its neck from a rope.At first, this image terrifies the narrator, but gradually he determines a logical explanation for it, that someone outside had thrown the dead cat into the bedroom to wake him up during the fire, and begins to miss Pluto. Some time later, he finds a similar cat in a tavern. It is the same size and color as the original and is even missing an eye. The only difference is a large white patch on the animal's chest. The narrator takes it home, but soon begins to loathe, even fear the creature. After a time, the white patch of fur begins to take shape and, to the narrator, forms the shape of the gallows.Then, one day when the narrator and his wife are visiting the cellar in their new home, the cat gets under its master's feet and nearly trips him down the stairs. In a fury, the man grabs an axe and tries to kill the cat but is stopped by his wife. Enraged, he kills her with the axe instead. To conceal her body he removes bricks from a protrusion in the wall, places her body there, and repairs the hole. When the police came to investigate, they find nothing and the narrator goes free. The cat, which he intended to kill as well, has gone missing.On the last day of the investigation, the narrator accompanies the police into the cellar. There, completely confident in his own safety, the narrator comments on the sturdiness of the building and raps upon the wall he had built around his wife's body. A wailing sound fills the room. The alarmed police tear down the wall and find the wife's corpse, and on her head, to the horror of the narrator, is the screeching black cat. As he words it: "I had walled the monster up within the tomb!" Like the narrator in Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart", the narrator of "The Black Cat" has questionable sanity. Near the beginning of the tale, the narrator says he would be "mad indeed" if he should expect a reader to believe the story, implying that he has already been accused of madness.[2]One of Poe's darkest tales, "The Black Cat" includes his strongest denouncement of alcohol. The narrator's perverse actions are brought on by his alcoholism, a "disease" and "fiend" which also destroys his personality.[3] The use of the black cat evokes various superstitions, including the idea voiced by the narrator's wife that they are all witches in disguise. The titular cat is named Pluto after the Roman god of the Underworld. Publication history"The Black Cat" was first published in the August 19, 1843 issue of The Saturday Evening Post. At the time, the publication was using the temporary title United States Saturday Post.[4] Readers immediately responded favorably to the story, spawning parodies including Thomas Dunn English's "The Ghost of the Grey Tadpole".[5][edit] Adaptations [edit] In film "The Black Cat" was adapted into a film starring Bela Lugosi and Boris Karloff in 1934 and another with Lugosi and Basil Rathbone in 1941, although neither version bears much resemblance to the original story.[5] Many other adaptations exist but the most faithful to the original is the middle segment of Roger Corman's trilogy film Tales of Terror in 1962.[5] Although the overall film was cast with Vincent Price as the lead, in this segment, he was in a supporting role with Peter Lorre as the main character. The 1934 film Maniac also loosely adapts the story. This version follows a former vaudeville actor who kills a doctor and takes the doctor's place to hide his crime. "The Black Cat" was also adapted into a film of the same name by Italian horror director Lucio Fulci in 1981. Film director Dario Argento presented his own loose adaptation of the story in the 1990 anthology film Two Evil Eyes.[edit] In television "The Black Cat" is the eleventh episode of the second season of Masters of Horror. The plot essentially retells the short story in a semi-autobiographical manner, with Poe himself undergoing a series of events involving a black cat which he used to inspire the story of the same name.[edit] Recordings In 1997, a compilation of Poe's work was released on a double CD entitled Closed on Account of Rabies, with various celebrities lending their voices to the tales. The Black Cat was read by avant-garde performer Diamanda Galás.[edit] References in literary works In 1970, Czech writer Ludvík Vaculík made many references to "A Descent into the Maelstr�0�2m" as well as "The Black Cat" in his novel The Guinea Pigs.[edit] References in art In 1910-11 Futurist artist Gino Severini painted "The Black Cat" in direct reference to Poe's short story. An illustration and description can be found at this site

嗯，可能需要改成 爱伦·坡作品的人文关怀？NOWIS同学……别人没说要写影视作品，你在干什么啊没搞错人吧。= =对了，提问者同学，怀疑你是不是看了这篇：里面才提到人文关怀。人文关怀这种词我似乎在 西方文论里少有见。不过中国人所言人文即西方所谓人本。人性、人之内心、人之内在，破除被集体和形式束缚的个性特征。你的意思是 坡的作品关注人的内心吧？（注意，在这里你不能单通过一篇作品分析坡本答的人文关怀，即使是加上他的生平、他的全部作品也是不容易分析的，因为暂时还没有能定论坡的全部创作目的，只一般只能看作品本身的表达，也就是说，你即然后面也提到是“坡的作品的人文关注”，标题在使用的时候也可用这种格式)。即使是关注内心、心理方面的，那就可以在标题里使用 心、心灵、灵魂这种词语。但正向经常 提到的人文关怀，更多的包容着 理解、包含、善意的意味。“人文的核心是‘人’，以人为本，关心人，爱护人，尊重人。这就是我们常常说的人类关怀、生命关怀。人是衡量一切的尺度，在人世间的各种权利，只有人权是天赋的，生来具有的，不可剥夺，也不可代替的。承认人的价值，尊重人的个人利益，包括物质的利益和精神的利益。”【袁正光】【首先, 无需否认, 在坡的看似荒诞的故事背后, 拥有着深刻的人文关怀。因为恐怖也是人类所拥有的共同经验。不幸的人生、对时代的感知, 都使坡体验到了这种恐惧, 意识到了人类精神存在着一种恐怖的极端状态。他之展示心灵的恐怖就是对人的孤独、绝望和无奈的生存困境的集中展现, 因而也是对人类的悲怜和关怀的表现。世纪之交的中国, 人们越来越多地品尝到了恐惧的心理体验。铁饭碗的打破, 生存压力的增大, 生态环境的恶化,未来的不可知等等, 无一不让人感到恐惧、紧张、焦虑和不安。这种体验一旦与爱伦·坡作品中所凸现的心灵恐怖相碰撞, 便会在不知不觉中受到强烈感染, 激发起他们对经验过的同类情绪的回想与咀嚼, 进而产生一种因似曾相识而来的亲切感, 这就形成了作品的一种内在魅力; 另一方面, 当下的中国又是一个“市场尘埃”侵入并污染人们情感生活的时代。信仰的缺失, 社会生活节奏的加快等所带来的空虚、疲惫, 甚至是颓废绝望, 又导致了不少人对强刺激的追求。在这种精神状态中, 脱开尘世, 走进爱伦·坡式的恐怖小说世界, 对一部分中国人而言就格外具有吸引力。再加上根据市场“卖点”所进行的商业炒作⋯⋯所有这一切, 都给爱伦·坡在中国的重新传播和迅速发生影响提供了绝佳的机会和良好的条件。】【爱伦·坡与世纪之交的中国当代恐怖小说 胡克俭】所以：直面心灵的恐怖之美如何？不过好像已经有人用过了如“心灵的恐怖——解读爱伦·坡的恐怖小说”“来自心灵的恐怖—评爱伦 坡的《厄舍古屋的倒塌》的创作效果”“心灵的恐怖与忏悔_论爱伦_坡的_黑猫”等等。那么如果再文艺一些呢，比如“重拾心灵之境”之类。我觉得最好还是你自己想一个，认真思考一下要表达的主题，结果肯定会比较满意吧！

Re 硝：是的，我把写论文的两个人完全搞混了，最近搜象棋手精神恍惚了，面壁……

想到写毕业论文就头疼，我为大家整理了文化毕业论文范文，希望能帮助大家缓解头疼!

摘要 ：<乌鸦>是美国诗人、文论家埃德加爱伦坡的代表诗作。<乌鸦>以优美的形式、韵律极强的音乐感来表现该诗的主题“美妇人之死”。主题、形式和语言的选择反映了诗人的创作哲学，而该诗的成功实践也证实了其相关理论。

关键词 ：爱伦坡;乌鸦;主题;形式;音乐性

埃德加爱伦坡被认为是唯美主义的先驱，他与惠特曼、狄更森一起被称为19世纪美国最有创造力的三位诗人。爱伦坡的“为诗而诗”的观点决定了他诗歌作品的唯美主义倾向，他的诗歌作品形式精美，音韵优美。爱伦坡在《诗歌原理》中写道：“我认为根本就不存在什么长诗，‘长诗’本身就是一个自相矛盾的词。诗之所以为诗，是因为它能够激动人心，使灵魂升华。而人们激动的短暂乃是心理的必然。”因此要创作出能给读者留下深刻印象的富于美感的诗，根据他的说法，长度在一百行上下的诗歌最为理想。

爱伦坡在他的著作《创作哲学》中，非常详细地阐述了他对文学创作的主张，也第一次明确地提出了“美女之死”这一主题。他在文中指出：“美是诗的唯一正统的领域”，同时“忧郁是所有诗的情调中最正宗的”，而“死亡”则是所有忧郁的题材中“最为忧郁的”，因此“当死亡与美紧密联系在一起的时候”最具诗意。爱伦坡由此得出结论“美妇人之死无疑地是最富有诗意的主题——而这主题如由悼念亡者的恋人口中说出是再恰当不过的了”。《乌鸦》就是以这一主题为基调的。

《乌鸦》是爱伦坡的代表诗作，坡关于诗歌主张的主题之美、形式之美、音乐之美在这首诗里得以充分体现。坡在《创作哲学》一文中分析了该诗的创作过程，他有意识地选择了乌鸦这个不详之鸟来寄托。最大限度的悲痛与绝望”，这首诗要表现的就是坡最热衷的主题即由“死亡”所带来的“忧郁美”，即主题之美。

《乌鸦》一诗的形式别具一格。爱伦坡为使诗歌达到整体的艺术效果，创作之前，诗人对该诗的长度进行了认真的考虑，认为一首诗不宜太长，太长则读者容易倦怠，或易受干扰，难以卒读;一首诗也不宜太短，太短则有点像格言警句，不能达到一定的效果。爱伦坡在《创作哲学》中说道：一部作品只有一口气读完，否则其美的统一感便会消失，因为尘世间的杂事会干扰。所谓长诗，如弥尔顿的《失乐园》，实际上是由诸多短诗构成的，即其整体效果是诸多短暂效果所形成的”坡在确定了诗的范围和长度后，运用数学计算和逻辑推理以及心理学方面的知识，设计了一次能读完的最佳长度——即《乌鸦》的108行;《乌鸦》全诗由18节构成，每节都有6行，前5行字数相近，音节相当(都是15至16个音节)，最后一行字数及音节仅为前5行的一半。就是18节这样的6行诗组构了全诗。因此，全诗从形式上看整齐划一。显然，作者对该诗的展开方式是平直、刻板的，也正是这种刻板与全诗的氛围高度一致，表现了述者已悲哀麻木到了无可复加的程度。

音乐美是《乌鸦》最突出的特点，其节奏感和旋律感非常强。在《诗歌原理》中，坡认为诗歌只有与音乐结合才可以找到诗歌发展的最广阔的领域，他还给诗下了一个简短的定义：“美之节奏创造”。坡在《创作哲学》中为《乌鸦》设计的韵律为扬抑格。每一行的第一个音节是重读音节而第二个音节是非重读音节。其一、三行的八音步与二、四行七个半音步交替出现，最后一行以三个半音步包含一个三重韵的迭旬结束。其节奏格式始终是ABCBBB。这种诗歌的创作技巧贯穿于整首诗，为全诗打造出一种神秘、恐怖的氛围，这恰恰与青年哀伤的情绪相应，忠实地表现了该诗低回哀怨、痛苦绝望的基调。这种韵律所营造出的生离死别、凄惨感伤以及最大限度的悲痛与绝望，让读者在体会“死亡之美”这一主题的同时深深为之震撼、为之动容。

坡在《乌鸦》中的独创性就在于将这种固定的韵律和格律设计进行各种巧妙组合，大量运用头韵、行内韵、尾韵以及重复，把诗连接成为一个整体，将青年愁苦的心境贯穿始终，表达了青年哽咽不能自抑的叹息和绵绵不绝的痛苦心情。

头韵。头韵是取得音韵和谐的基本形式之一，它蕴含了语言的音乐美和整齐美，使得语言声情交融、音义一体，具有很强的表现力和感染力。《乌鸦》的音乐美在一定程度上是取决于头韵的使用。头韵的使用既取得了音乐效果又增强了诗的意境。例如，第一节的第一行中，“weak and weary”，为全诗打下了忧郁、沉闷的基调，句句读来仿佛能感受得到主人公的疲惫、消沉之心境;第三行的“nodded.nearly napping”描述了青年在困倦至极之时听到的叩门声所产生的动感声音与死寂沉沉的黑夜以及青年心中的忧伤形成了强烈的.对应，产生一种恐怖的悬念。使读者切身体会到主人公在午夜时分、困倦梦幻之际突然听到门外响起的轻轻的“笃”、“笃”的叩门声，从而为全诗渲染出了神秘、恐怖的气氛。

行内韵。行内韵是指诗行中间的停顿或休止前的重读音节与该行的最后一个重读音节押韵。在《乌鸦》每一诗节的1、3行，诗人都运用了行内韵来强调诗歌的音乐性，取得了回响的效果。这里，仍先选取其第一个诗节为例加以分析：在这首诗里我们注意到爱伦坡精心地安排了“dreary”与“weary”，“napping”与“tapping”以及下一诗节的“uttered”与“fluttered”等词。连续的行内韵形成了诗歌高度的统一性，为全诗打下了忧郁神秘的基调。使得全诗节富有强烈的节奏感，吟诵时产生极强的音乐性。

尾韵。尾韵就是整首诗的韵，是行末词尾元、辅音的重复。尾韵是这首诗中最重要的音乐手段。正如坡在《创作哲学》中指出，他刻意选用最响亮的长元音“O”作为诗歌的韵脚，很显然诗人在刻意强调这种声音并用它作为全诗的基调。这个响亮、绵长且低沉并充满哀怨的声音使全诗充满了“深沉而阴森的音响”。在这首诗的每节六行诗中有四行押/)：/韵，即第二、四、五、六行，全诗/)：/韵，共72行，以nothingmore。evermore或nevermore结束o/)：/韵的不断复现加强了诗的内在联系，一环紧扣一环，反复回旋，撼人心灵。这种音韵好似一种因悲伤哽咽不能言表的情感。表现了该诗低回哀婉、痛苦绝望的语气，诗中每一个尾韵的使用都会唤起读者心中无限的哀伤，从而使读者和这个青年一起感受着这种悲凉，体味着这种伤痛，直至最后青年心碎，近乎疯狂。