小学英语减负论文开题报告怎么写

开题报告大概就这样写的，其实开题报告都是通用的，开题报告的综述部分应首先提出选题，并简明扼要地说明该选题的目的、相关课题研究情况、理论适用、研究方法。开题报告的内容大致如下：课题名称、承担单位、课题负责人、起止年限、报告提纲。报告提纲包括：(1)课题的目的、意义、国内外研究概况和有关文献资料的主要观点与结论；(2)研究对象、研究内容、各项有关指标、主要研究方法(包括是否已进行试验性研究)；(3)大致的进度安排；(4)准备工作的情况和已具备的条件(包括人员、仪器、设备等)；(5)尚需增添的主要设备和仪器(用途、名称、规格、型号、数量、价格等)；(6)经费概算；(7)预期研究结果；(8)承担单位和主要协作单位、及人员分工等。同行评议，着重是从选题的依据、意义和技术可行性上做出判断。即从科学技术本身为决策提供必要的依据。综述由于开题报告是用文字体现的论文总构想，因而篇幅不必过大，但要把计划研究的课题、如何研究、理论适用等主要问题说清楚，应包含两个部分：总述、提纲。总述开题报告的总述部分应首先提出选题，并简明扼要地说明该选题的目的、相关课题研究情况、理论适用、研究方法、必要的数据等等。提纲开题报告包含的论文提纲可以是粗线条的，是一个研究构想的基本框架。可采用整句式或整段式提纲形式。在开题阶段，提纲的目的是让人清楚论文的基本框架，没有必要像论文目录那样详细。参考开题报告中应包括相关参考文献的目录开题报告的写作注意事项开题报告应包含两个部分：总述、提纲。参考文献：开题报告中应包括相关参考文献的目录要求，开题报告应有封面页，总页数应不少于4页。要求开题报告应有封面页，总页数应不少于4页。版面格式应符合以下规定。重要性开题报告是指开题者对科研课题的一种文字说明材料。这是一种新的应用写作文体，这种文字体裁是随着现代科学研究活动计划性的增强和科研选题程序化管理的需要应运而生的。开题报告是由选题者把自己所选的课题的概况(即"开题报告内容")，向有关专家、学者、科技人员进行陈述。然后由他们对科研课题进行评议。开题报告在论文指导中的主导作用毕业论文指导模式必须从传统束缚中解脱出来，构建新的论文指导模式。针对以往毕业论文指导中存在的问题，年初开始对毕业论文实施开题报告制度，正式启动论文指导模式的改革。开题报告的六个栏目依次为：选题的目的、意义和必要性；国内外研究现状；研究的重点与主要研究方法、研究计划；研究思路（写作提纲或研究思路）；参考文献；指导教师审定意见。工商管理专业按照开题报告的内容要求，开展毕业论文指导，经过两学期的摸索，取得了初步经验和成果。

英语论文开题报告范文参考

下面是一篇由我为您整理的英语论文的开题报告范文，虽然不是特别好，但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法，有一定的.借鉴价值。

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies

1 Introduction

The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).

DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.

In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.

2 Outline

2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS

In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.

2.2 Methodolgy

I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories

A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.

2.4 Case study

In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.

2.5 Conclusion

Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.

(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)

附录1- 引文范例

“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)

“噢，这就是恐水病吧?你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦?真够呛的!费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧!”’(张南峰，1990：59-60)

附录2- 参考文献范例

Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation – Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.

Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.

Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.

论文开题报告基本要素

各部分撰写内容

论文标题应该简洁，且能让读者对论文所研究的主题一目了然。

摘要是对论文提纲的总结，通常不超过1或2页，摘要包含以下内容：

目录应该列出所有带有页码的标题和副标题， 副标题应缩进。

这部分应该从宏观的角度来解释研究背景，缩小研究问题的范围，适当列出相关的参考文献。

这一部分不只是你已经阅读过的相关文献的总结摘要，而是必须对其进行批判性评论，并能够将这些文献与你提出的研究联系起来。

这部分应该告诉读者你想在研究中发现什么。在这部分明确地陈述你的研究问题和假设。在大多数情况下，主要研究问题应该足够广泛，而次要研究问题和假设则更具体，每个问题都应该侧重于研究的某个方面。