英语语法毕业论文模板

Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition Strategies 二语词汇习得策略 [摘 要] 词汇是构成语言的基本单位，词汇习得在语言学习中占有重要地位。英国著名语言学家D.A. Wilkins (1972) 说过：“没有语法，人们不能表达很多东西；而没有词汇，人们则无法表达任何东西。”这就说明了词汇在学习中的重要性。本文旨在分析二语词汇习得策略并应用于不同水平的学习者。学习者根据自己的水平选择正确的习得方法和策略学习词汇，从而提高学习效率和习得效果。 关键字： 二语词汇习得 词汇习得策略 元认知策略 认知策略 Abstract Vocabulary is the basic unit of a language. Language acquisition plays an important role in language learning. Famous linguistics D. A. Wilkins said, “Without grammar, very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed (Lewis, 1993:16).” It speaks volumes for the importance of vocabulary in language learning. This paper aims to analysis the second language acquisition strategies and applies to different levels of learners. According to the different levels, the learners should choose the proper methods and strategies to promote learning efficiency and acquisition effect. Key words: Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition； Vocabulary Acquisition Strategies； Metacognitive strategy； Cognitive strategy Introduction With economic globalization and multi-polarization of the world, especially the population of the internet, English becomes more and more important, because it is considered as the tool for absorbing and communicating information. As we all known, vocabulary acquisition is one of the most noticed-question of the second language learners. “Vocabulary” appears in the area of linguists’ study. Nowadays, researchers still can not give a complete and reasonable definition of vocabulary. Since 1970s, the second language vocabulary acquisition research has gradually become the hot point and important subject in the second language vocabulary acquisition research area. These researches aim to discuss the efficiency vocabulary memory strategies to promote the memory skills and vocabulary levels. Then how to acquire vocabulary become popular among the researchers. Wenden &Rubin (1987), O’Malley& Chamot (1990) refer to the content of vocabulary acquisition strategies; Rubin (1987) and Oxford (1990) classify the memory strategy to the direct cognitive strategies. Especially, CohenAphek (1981), Porte (1988), O’Malley (1990), Vann (90), Cohen (1990), etc made a basic searching of vocabulary acquisition. In a word, there are various opinions in how to acquire vocabulary. Firstly, it talks about the importance of vocabulary. Secondly, what does it mean to “acquire” a word? This paper mainly aims to the detail analysis of the vocabulary acquisition from three aspects：Meta-cognitive Strategy; Cognitive Strategy and Social or Affective Strategy. Especially, it highlights the effect of the context and rending to vocabulary acquisition. This paper talks about the applications of the vocabulary acquisition strategies. And it puts forward some problems and difficulties of vocabulary acquisition. This paper also discusses the influencing factors to the acquisition. It includes the mother tongue, age, language contact, logical thinking ability, identity degree, and academic motivation . The purpose of this paper is to rise the awareness of English learners that the importance of vocabulary in language learning and the vocabulary acquisition strategies can not be neglected, and each strategies is deeply rooted in its language. Through the analysis of the theory of study, the paper tries to draw the learner’s attention to the strategies of the second language vocabulary acquisition and using the vocabulary in communication. In order to improve the acquisition efficiency, some strategies put into practice are introduced. The first presents the importance of vocabulary, some basic concepts of vocabulary and vocabulary learning, the second part tells what does it mean to know a word, the third part deals with the theory of vocabulary acquisition and presents the factors and differences influencing the vocabulary acquisition. The fourth part is detailed discussion of vocabulary acquisition strategies in different levels of learners. The last part is conclusion. Literature review 1. The importance of vocabulary As the first time, when we go to school and our English teacher will tell us that vocabulary is of great importance in learning English. After several years, we understand words gradually, especially when we study in high school. If we know a little about vocabulary, we may have poor English. That is because the listening, speaking, reading and writing show the necessary of learning vocabulary. Many researchers agree that lexis is at least as important as structure, because it is using wrong words and not wrong grammar that usually breaks down communication. Mistakes in lexis much more often lead to misunderstanding and may be less generously tolerated outside classroom than mistakes in syntax. (Carter, 1987). As Stephen Krashen remarked, “When students travel, they don’t carry grammar books, they carry dictionaries. A significant role of vocabulary in both teaching and learning processes was first stated by Stephen Krashen in The Natural Approach (1985): “Vocabulary is basic for communication. If acquirers do not recognize the meaning of the key words used by those who address them they will be unable to participate in the conversation.” Words are basic tools in human communication; therefore they determine the main part of people’s life-relationships between people and associations with the surrounding world that people live in. The larger one’s vocabulary, the easier it is to express one’s thoughts and feelings. In real communication, correctly and idiomatically used vocabulary can even decrease some structural inaccuracy and grammar errors. (Zhang Jiying, 2002). So learners should enrich and expand their knowledge of words as much as possible in order to communicate effectively in a foreign language. 2. What does it mean to “know” a word? Knowing a word is not a simple phenomenon. In fact, it is quite complex and goes far beyond the word’s meaning and pronunciation. (Zhang Jiying, 2002). Richards (1976) think knowing a word means also knowing the frequency of words and their likely collocates; being aware of the functional and situation limitations that apply; knowledge of the “syntactic behavior”; derivational forms and word class; associative and connotative knowledge; semantic value-breaking down words into minimal units as with componential analysis (see Katz&Fodor1963or Leech1974); knowing the other (possible) meaning associated. Nagy and Scott (2000) identify several dimensions that describe the complexity of what it means to know a word. First, word knowledge is incremental, which means that readers need to have many exposures to a word in different contexts before they “know” it. Second, word knowledge is multidimensional. This is because many words have multiple meanings and serve different functions in different function in different sentences, texts, and even conversations. Third, word knowledge is interrelated in that knowledge of one word connects knowledge of other words. What all of this means is that “knowing” a word is a matter of degree rather than an all-or-nothing proposition (Beck&Mckeown, 1991; Nagy&Scott, 2000). The degree of knowing a word are reflected in the precision with which we use a word, how quickly we understand a word, and how well we understand and use words in different modes and different purpose. The memory strategy, cognitive strategy, social strategy and metacognitve strategy are used more frequently than the affective strategy and compensative strategy. Conclusion This paper has attempted to provide some theories of second language vocabulary acquisition and some strategies. Such as metacognitive strategy, cognitive strategy, and social strategy. However, this paper also put forward some microcosmic strategy. As a matter of fact, vocabulary acquisition should combine the context. In addition, this paper hasn’t mentioned that culture is also an important factor in vocabulary acquisition. In the study of second language vocabulary acquisition, we should pay attention to the process and the acquiring results. This paper focuses on the study of the second language vocabulary acquisition strategies. Bibliography [1] A.U. Chamot. The Learning Strategies of ESL Students. In A. L. Wenden & J. Rubin, (eds), Learner Strategies in Language Learning, 1987. [2] Cater. R. and M. McCarthy. Vocabulary and Language Teaching. New York: Longman, 1987. [3] Nation, L. S. P. Teaching and Learning Vocabulary. New Newbury House Publishers, 1990. [4] O’Malley, J. & Chamot, A. U.. Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition [J]. Cambridge University Press, 1990:12-15. [5] 陈桦，张益芳.中国儿童英语词汇记忆策略探究[J].外语学刊,2001(4). [11] 戴曼纯. 论第二语言词汇习得研究[J]. 外语教学与研究，2002(2). [12] 徐德凯.大学英语词汇教学理论与实践[M].长春：吉林出版集团有限责任公司，2009. [6] 王文宇.观念、策略与英语词汇记忆[J].外语教学与研究，1998(1). [13] 文秋芳. 英语学习策略论.上海：上海外语教育出版社，1996. [7] 吴霞，王蔷.非英语专业本科生词汇水平研究. 外语教学与研究，1998(1). [15] 张纪英.英语词汇学教学与研究[M]. 武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2007. [16] 朱厚敏. 英语词汇学习策略研究[M] 长春：吉林大学出版社，2009.

在我读大二那年，由于是学生会的部长，在年旦晚会上，我们部要举行一个跨年晚会，所以社长便给我下达了一个任务，要我制作一个关于此次晚会的一个精美和动态的PPT。由于我平时只会做比较简单的PPT，对于这个难度有点高的PPT我就犯愁了，不知道该怎么制作。我便上网查找关于PPT的制作教程，无意间看到一个：（中国论文网）的网址，便点进去看一下，发现里面有好多关于PPT的资料和教程，还有专业的指导老师。于是，通过这个网址，我顺利的完成了这个PPT，晚会也完美的谢幕。

一、基本格式：论文只能打印在每页纸的一面上，不得打印在正反面上。论文纸的大小尺寸为a4纸打印。侧面装订。二、题名页：论文题名页上打印格式基本相近，中、英文对照，中文题目页在第一页，英文题目页在第二页。一般由顶部往下三分之一页处打印论文题目，论文题目都用大写字母，下隔八行打印论文调查者姓名、所属电大，再下隔八行视实际情况打上提交日期xx年xx月xx日以及课程名称：论文项目设计上述各项内容都应打印在论文题名页的中间部位。三、摘要及关键词页摘要及关键词页上打印格式同论文题名页，中、英文对照，中文题目页在上，英文题目页在下。一般根据提要的内容多少安排打印。中文题目摘要采用宋体一号，加粗，摘要正文部分采用宋体，小四号。关键字题目部分采用宋体三号，加粗，关键字短语部分采用宋体，小四号。英文题目摘要采用times new roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，摘要正文部分采用times new roman字体，字号为小四。四、致谢页学员可以自选致谢页，一般不要求写中文。英文大标题采用times new roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，正文部分采用times new roman字体，字号为小四。五、目录页英文大标题采用times new roman字体，字号为一号，加粗，小标题部分统一采用times new roman字体，字号为三号，加粗。注意在右方注明对应的页号，中间虚线连接。六、正文页论文的正文需隔行打印，正文采用times new roman字体，字号为小四。大标题为times new roman字体，字号为三号、加粗字。副标题为times new roman字体，字号为三号、加粗。七、尾注、参考文献页与附录页尾注、参考文献页与附录页(大标题采用times new roman字体，字号为一号，加粗)正文部分如尾注、参考文献目录与附录可不必隔行打印，字体为times new roman小四。参考文献按引用文献的顺序，列于论文末。1、M——专著格式：[序号]主要责任者(注：两个责任者之间用逗号隔开).文献题名[文献类型标识].出版地：出版者，出版年.起止页码.示例：[1]刘小龙.电视艺术美学[M].北京：中国广播电视出版社，1999.22-37.2、C——析出文献格式：[序号]析出文献主要责任者(注：两个责任者之间用逗号隔开).析出文献题名[A].原文献主要责任者.原文献题名[C].出版地：出版者，出版年.析出文献起止页码(如文内已列明，则省略).例如：[1][英]穆尔.电影理论的结构[A].瞿涛.电影学文集[C].北京：人民出版社，1993.34-35.3、N——报纸文章格式：[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[N].报纸名，出版日期(版次).例如：[1]周济.情系教育 办好教育[N].中国教育报,2004-1-29(1).4、J——期刊文章格式：[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[J].刊名，出版年，卷(期)：起址页码.例如：[9]李海.音乐传播的文化思考[J].当代传播，2004，(10)：26-28.5、D——学位论文格式：[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[D].保管地：保管单位，完成年.起止页码.例如：[1]邓友.论电视艺术的美学性[D].北京：北京广播学院，2004.17-19.6、R——报告格式：[序号] 报告作者.题名[R].保存地点.年份7、S——标准格式：[序号] 标准代号，标准名称[S].出版地：出版者，出版年.8、P——专利格式：[序号] 专利所有者.专利题名[P].专利国别：专利号，发布日期.9、Z——各种未定义文献格式：[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[Z].出版地：出版者，出版年.（资料来源：中国论文网http：//）

像语音学，音位学，以及形态学，句法都不好下手建议写社会语言学或是心理语言学方面的，可以深入对比一下中西方思维的差异之类的，应该是一个好的论点加油~~

英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板

所谓论文提纲，是指论文作者动笔行文前的必要准备，是论文构思谋篇的具体体现。构思谋篇是指组织设计毕业论文的篇章结构，以便论文作者可以根据论文提纲安排材料素材、对课题论文展开论证。下面我以英语教育专业毕业论文提纲为例，为大家介绍论文提纲的写法。

英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板一

摘要 2-3

Abstract 3

引言 6-13

一、研究的背景 6-7

二、文献综述 7-11

(一) 国外研究状况 7-9

(二) 国内研究状况 9-11

三、研究方法 11-12

四、创新之处 12-13

第一章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论思考 13-22

一、相关概念的界定 13

二、小学高年级实施英语语篇整体性教学的必要性 13-14

(一) 小学高年级学生心理发展的特点 13

(二) 小学高年级英语语篇的特点 13-14

三、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论基础 14-18

(一) 心理学中的整体性原则 14-15

(二) 心理学中的认知理论 15-16

(三) 三种阅读教学模式 16-18

四、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的主要类型 18-22

(一) 对话类语篇整体性教学要素 18-19

(二) 故事类语篇整体性教学要素 19-22

第二章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂模式实施的现状调研 22-38

一、调研设计 22-23

(一) 调研对象 22

(二) 调研方法 22

(三) 调研内容 22-23

二、对小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学推进情况的调研 23-38

(一) 对语篇整体性教学实施态度的调研 23-25

(二) 对语篇整体性教学实施过程的调研 25-27

(三) 对语篇整体性教学实施效果的调研 27-34

(四)对语篇整体性教学实施困惑的调研 34-38

第三章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学调研的问题及原因分析 38-46

一、在实施语篇整体性教学过程中存在的问题 38-41

(一) 过于重视“整体”，完全放弃了 “局部”知识点学习 38-39

(二)为了体现“学生主体”，大胆放弃“教师主导” 39-40

(三)误解“阅读语篇”的意义，变成“反复朗读语篇” 40

(四)为了“整体情境”，拘泥于“单一情境” 40

(五)为了“立足语篇”，拒绝“适当有效拓展” 40-41

二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学问题产生原因的分析 41-46

第四章 优化小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的途径 46-54

一、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂实施的原则 46-51

(一) 整体理解为主,细节理解为辅 46-48

(二) 语感训练为主,语法理解为辅 48-50

(三) 思维训练为主,知识技能掌握为辅 50-51

二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的策略研究 51-54

(一) 确立明确的教学目标 51

(二) 分配合理的预习任务 51-52

(三) 关注有效的情景创设 52

(四) 把握清晰的主线设置 52

(五) 关注丰富的拓展阅读 52-54

结语 54-55

参考文献 55-59

致谢 59-60

英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板二

Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures

Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX

Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-Chinese\Chinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)

Key Words: idioms; culture; translation

论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译

摘要 :著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，

因为词语只有在其作用的'文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说，翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱，专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来，习语翻译大多强调语际的交流，而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异，进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法，并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文，选择与原文风格，意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式，文化在变化，出现新的习语，习语翻译要与时俱进。

关键词： 习语;文化;翻译

1. Introduction

Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression

that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)

2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms

2.1 The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms 2.1.1 Geographical Conditions

The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.

Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of

Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)

For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会

Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进

A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)

On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......". Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)

2.1.2 History

2.2 The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms

2.2.1 Colours

2.2.2 Numbers

3. Methods of Idiom Translation

Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:

3.1 Literal Translation

3.2 Free Translation

3.3 Translation with Notes

3.4 Replacement with Similar Idioms

3.5 The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning

3.6 A Combination of Literal and Free Translation

4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation

5. Conclusion

One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others' feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)

References

[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地：)出版社，年份：参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地：)出版社，年份

[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008

[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xi'an: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007

[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982

[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993

[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987

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