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论文英文参考文献格式
在社会的各个领域，大家对论文都再熟悉不过了吧，通过论文写作可以培养我们的科学研究能力。如何写一篇有思想、有文采的论文呢？下面是我收集整理的论文英文参考文献格式，希望能够帮助到大家。
英文文献采用“APA格式”：
单一作者著作的书籍：
姓，名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市：出版社.
Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego: Halstead.
两位作者以上合著的书籍：
姓，名字首字母., & 姓，名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市：出版社.
Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992). Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University Press.
文集中的文章：
Mcdonalds, A. (1993). Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained containment of supernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies in application (pp. 42–64). London: OtherWorld Books.
期刊中的文章(非连续页码)：
Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God's long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change? Canadian Change, 64(7), 34–37.
期刊中的文章(连续页码)：
姓，名字首字母.(年). 题目. 期刊名(斜体). 第几期，页码.
Rottweiler, F. T., & Beauchemin, J. L. (1987). Detroit and Narnia: Two foes on the brink of destruction. Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66–146.
月刊杂志中的文章：
Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.
php论文英文参考文献
[1]冯国良.基于Web及VRML网络教学平台的设计与实现[D].西安电子科技大学，2010.
[2]赵胜.基于B/S架构的Moodle网络教学平台的设计与实现[D].河北科技大学，2012.
[3]晏榆洋.基于web的在线网络教学平台的设计与实现[D].电子科技大学，2013.
[4]王逾西.动态网页的数据库连接技术[J].天津市财贸管理干部学院学报，2010，12（1）：41-43.
[5]徐一菲，陈光柱，沈春丰等.基于PHP网站的远程控制系统研究[J].微计算机信息，2010，26（15）：135-136，115.
[6]丁鲁南，康梅娟.基于WAMP的红色文化动态网站的设计[J].科技资讯，2012，（26）：20-20.
[7]滕文.基于MVC模式的PHP程序开发[J].科技视界，2012，（28）：262.
[8]郭雪清，肖飞，黄正东，王光华，宋莉莉，张伟.医院绩效管理信息系统的设计与实现[J].中国数字医学，2014，13（15）03：12-14+17.
[9]袁永革.试析医院管理信息系统的设计思想及其实施[J].计算机与信息技术，2014，16（18），03：91-94.
财务论文英文参考文献
[1]Adams, M. and Hardwick, P. An Analysis of Corporate Donations: UnitedKingdom Evidence [J], Journal of Management Studies, 1998,35 （5）： 641-654.
[2]Aronoff,C.,and J Ward. Family-owned Businesses: A Thing of the Past or Model of the Future. [J]. Family Business Review, 1995,8（2）； 121-130.
[3]Beckhard,R“Dyer Jr.,W.G. Managing continuity in the family owned business [J]. Organizational Dynamics, 1983,12 （1）： 5-12.
[4Casson, M. The economics of family firms [J]. Scandinavian Economic History Review, 1999' 47（1）：10 - 23.
[5]Alchian,A.,Demsetz, H. Production, information costs, and economic organization. American Economic Review [J]. 1972,62（5）： 777-795.
[6]Allen, F,J, Qian and M, J. Qian. Law,Finance and Economic Growth in China [J], Journal of Financial Economics, 2005,77: pp.57-116.
[7]Amato,L. H.,& Amato,C. H. The effects of firm size and industry on corporate giving [J]. Journal of Business Ethics,2007,72（3）： 229-241.
[8]Chrisman, J.J., Chua,J.H., and Steier, L. P. An introduction to theories of family business [J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2003b, 18（4）： 441-448
动画论文英文参考文献范例多则
[1]程曼丽、王维佳：《对外传播及其效果研究》[M],北京大学出版社，2011年，36页.
[2]冯捃、何春耕：《《功夫熊猫》的跨文化传播分层解读》[J],《电影评介》，2014年第5期37-40页.
[3]范文杰、戴雪梅：《无意识一内隐认知理论的演变历程回顾及展望》[J],《重庆工商大学学报》，2009年第6期，596-601页.
[4]管文虎等：《国家形象论》[M],电子科技大学出版社，1999年，23页.
[5]郭秀艳、崔光成：《内隐学习本质特征的实验研究》[J],《心理科学》，2002年第1期，43-46页.
[6]陈晓云：《动画电影：叙事与意识形态》[J],《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》，2010年第5期，54-60页.
[7]黄国文、徐裙：《语篇分析与话语分析》[J],《外语与外语教学》，2006年第10期，2-6页.
[8]李德顺：《普遍价值与其可观基她》[J],《中国社会科学》，1998年第6期，5-14 页.
[9]刘丽英：《国家形象研究文献述评及营销视角分析一基于CSSCI（2001-2011）的研究》卬，《学术探索》，2014年第2期，120-123页.
学术论文英文参考文献注入格式
一、学术论文英文参考文献标注格式。
按照现行规定，学术期刊中论文参考文献的.标注采用顺序编码制，即在文内的引文处按引用文献在论文中出现的先后顺序以阿拉伯数字连续编码，序号置于方括号内。同一文献在一文中被反复引用者，用同一序号标示。这一规定使得所列文献简洁明了，应该引起论文作者注意。英文参考文献和中文参考文献一样，按在文中出现的先后顺序与中文文献混合连续编码着录;英文文献用印刷体;英文书名、期刊名和报纸名等用斜体;所列项目及次序与中文文献相同，但文献类型可不标出;忌用中文叙述英文。其格式为：
专着、论文集、学位论文、报告-[序号]主要责任者。文献题名。出版地：出版者，出版年。起止页码(任选)。
示例：[1]Day,C.,Veen,D.van,& Walraven,G. Children and youth at risk and urban education. Research,policy and prac-tice. Leuven/Apeldoorn:Garant. 1997.
期刊文章-[序号]主要责任者。文献题名。刊名，年，卷(期)：起止页码。
示例：[2] Driessen,G.,& Van der Grinten,M. Home language proficiency in the Netherland:The evaluation of Turkish andMoroccan bilingual programmes- A critical review,Studies in Educational Evaluation,1994,20(3)：365- 386.
论文集中的析出文献-[序号]析出文献主要责任者。析出文献题名。原文献主要责任者(任选)。原文献题名。出版地：出版者，出版年。析出文献起止页码。
示例：[3] Driessen,G.,Mulder,L.,& Jungbluth,P. Structural and cultural determinants of educational opportunities in theNetherlands. In S.Weil(Ed.)，Root and migration in global perspective. Jerusalem:Magnes Press.1999. pp.83- 104.[5]
报纸文章-[序号]主要责任者。文献题名。报纸名，出版日期(版次)。
示例：[4] Lgnatieff,M. Keeping an old flame burning brightly. The Guardian,1998- 12- 20(12)。
电子文献-[序号]主要责任者。电子文献题名。电子文献的出处或可获得的地址，发表或更新日期。
示例：[5] Baboescu,F. Algorithms for fast packet classification. lib.global.umi.com/dissertations/preview/3076340,2003.
二、关于英文人名的标注。
现行编排规范对英文人名如何标注未作明确要求，英文人名的标注较为混乱，有标注全名的，有标注时将名缩写、姓不缩写、保持原来顺序的，还有在姓、名之间加圆点的，后者是我国翻译作品中，中文书写外国人名经常采用的一种方式。其实，标注英文人名是有章可循的，在国外学术着作的参考文献中，关于人名的标注已约定俗成为一种统一的格式，即英文参考文献标注作者姓名时，要求姓在前、名在后，姓与名之间用逗号隔开，姓的词首字母大写，其余字母不大写;名用词首大写字母表示，后加缩写符号圆点，缩写符号不可省略。由于欧美国家人的姓名排列一般是名在前、姓在后，在标注时必须加以调整。如Georg Paghet Thomson,前面两个词是名，最后一个词是姓，应标注为Thomson,G. P为什么要如此标注呢?笔者认为有以下原因。
1.在应用计算机等信息工具进行英文文献检索时，以英文作者姓名中的姓作为依据之一，即以姓作为检索目标之一。
2.在欧美人姓名表达含义里，姓比名的重要性更强、更正式。用姓而不是名来代表作者，还有尊重、礼貌的意味。名缩写后加缩写符号圆点，也含有正式、尊重和礼貌的意味，缩写符号不可省略。
3.表示与平常书写姓名的不同，体现学术论文重要性、简约性和准确性的要求，符合科研论文文体风格。这种标注在英文学术着作、科技文献中已广泛采用，也容易被广大读者、作者理解、接受。
对于复姓情况，如Jory Albores-Saavedra等，在引用标注时，应将复姓全部写出，即Albores-Saavedra, J对于姓前带有冠词或介词的情况，如带有Mac,Le,Von,Van den等，标注时不能省略，应同姓一起提到前面标注，如Mac Donald,La Fontaina,Von Eschenbach,Van den Bery等。这里有个有趣的现象，对于北欧人常见的姓Van den Bery,如Van的词首字母大写，表示它是姓的一部分，标注时应与姓一起前置;如果作者姓名书写为Graham van den Bery,其中van的词首字母v没有大写，则表示它不是姓的一部分，姓Bery前置时，van den仍留在原来的位置，并且不可缩写或省略，标注为Bery,G. van den.另外，对于“姓名+学位”的情况，标注时一般把“学位”删去，不要将其误认为姓或姓的一部分.
一个参考文献有两位或两位以上作者时，标注时除按上述要求将每位作者的姓提前书写外，作者与作者之间用逗号分开，最后一位作者前加&符号，如示例[1],也可仅保留前三位作者，之后加etc.表示。
三、关于英文参考文献发表(出版)时间标注到年的问题。
发表(出版)时间是参考文献的一项重要内容，标示引用文献发表的历史时间位置，是判断引用文献新旧的一个根据，不可遗漏。国外学术论着中参考文献的发表(出版)时间标注到年，这与我国学术论着中参考文献的标注规定相同。国外学术论着中参考文献的发表(出版)时间的标注位置有标注在作者后的情况，并加圆括号，这是因为采用了“着者-出版年”制。我国学术期刊编排规范参考文献的标注采用“顺序编码”制,发表(出版)时间标注靠后，如示例[1]、[3],应按此要求标注为是。
四、英文析出文献名和原文献名的标注。
由于现行编排规范对英文析出文献和原文献的标注书写要求不够明确，目前有把析出文献名排成斜体，而把原文献名(论文集名或期刊名等)排成正体的情况。这种标注方式是不对的，混淆了析出文献名和原文献名的效力，正确的编排要求与此相反，国外的普遍作法与我国学者的论述[4]要求一致，因此这一现象值得编辑同行注意。
英文书名在英文文章中出现有排成斜体的习惯，论文集名、期刊名或报纸名与书名效力相同，故排成斜体，析出文献名相当于书中的章节标题，不具有书名的分量，故不可排成斜体。
在标注原文献名及作者时，原文献多指论文集或与之类似的著作，英文标注习惯上在编着者名前加词首字母大写的介词In,作者姓名前后次序不作调整，名缩写为词首大写字母，后加缩写符号圆点，姓完整标出，不缩写。作者后加编者一词的缩写形式及缩写符号圆点，词首字母大写，外加圆括号，如标注为In S. Weil(Ed.)，如示例[3].然后斜体标注原文献题名，后加注出版年，起至页码的缩写形式pp.和析出文献的起至页码。当原文献有两位或两位以上作者时，作者姓名同上述情况一样，前后次序不作调整，分别标出，编者一词缩写用复数形式Eds.,如In L. Eedering,& P. Leseman(Eds.)。
文献类型不宜标出。文献类型是我国编排规范制定的标注要求，国外并未采用。在中文中标注醒目、自然，在英文中此一项目的标注容易产生误解和干扰。如果是为方便计算机在检索或统计时辨识，是技术上的要求，那么就应当统一要求标注，从“可不标出”来看，尚未有技术上的要求。因而，文献类型在英文参考文献中不作标注为妥。
五、出版地和出版社(商)的标注。
出版地和出版社(商)是参考文献的重要内容，标示版权信息，不可遗漏或省略。我国一部着作一般由一家出版社负责出版发行，出版地一般也就比较明确为出版社所在的城市。国外情况就比较复杂了，由于市场经济高度成熟，语言通用程度高，着作权被普遍保护等原因，一部着作可能由不止一家出版社(商)合作出版发行，出版地也可能在不同国家的不同城市。当出版地有两处或两处以上、出版社(商)有两个或两个以上时，应当一一标出，中间用斜杠分开。如Amsterdam/Philadephia:Ben-jamins,又如Den Haag:Sdu/DOP出版地一般是出版社(商)所在的城市，标注城市名，不可标注为国家名。
参考文献补充了文章的重要信息，涉及范围十分广泛。因而，希望在修订现行编排规范时，对英文参考文献的标注作明确规定，以便作者写作和编者编辑时皆有章可循，亦使这项工作更加规范。
java论文英文的参考文献
参考文献：
[1]王庆智.王喜富.基于供应链管理的物流信息平台设计研究[A].第五届中国工业企业物流论坛论文集[C].2007(8)
[2]张翔.基于XML与Java技术构建电子政务系统的方法研究[D].西北大学.2008(5)
[3]符强.基于Java动态编程技术的软件自愈合构架研究[D].西北工业大学.2007(3)
[4]徐伟.赵嵩正.蒋维杨，基于功能的区域物流信息平台体系结构研究[J].情报杂志.2008(27)
[5]白磊，李芙玲.基于工作过程导向的JAVA程序设计课程教学研究[J].华北科技学院学报，2013，（04）：92-95.
[6]赖小平.基于工作过程导向的《Java程序设计》课程开发与实践[J].福建电脑，2015，（05）：52-53.
[7]孙晓奇，李胜，张文娇.基于工作过程的教学模式在java课程中的应用[J].电脑知识与技术，2014，（02）：338-339.
参考文献：
[1]李舒，陈丽君.高校学生成绩管理系统的设计与实现[J].辽宁大学学报：自然科学版，2006，3（3）：283-285.
[2]徐亮.高校智能排课系统的研究[J].电子设计工程，2013，21（7）：24-27.
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[4]苏贞，陈海关.高校智能排课系统中蚁群算法的应用探讨[J].兰州教育学院学报，2013，29（7）：120-121.
[5]叶波霞浅谈大学生兼职在大学生活的重要性[J].中小企业管理与科技，2014，（33）
[6]王丽晖.关于大学生兼职现象的几点思考*高校一线思政工作者视角下的大学生兼职现象[J].2009，10（04）
参考文献：
[1]常征.功能测试中自动化测试框架的分析与应用[D].北京：北京林业大学，2007.
[2]徐骋.Android应用软件自动化测试框架的研究[D].大连：大连海事大学，2015.
[3]路静，王琪.一种基于功能测试的自动化测试框架[J].内蒙古科技与经济，2005（23）：25-26.
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[5]步倩倩.面向GUI软件的自动化测试框架的研究与应用[D].成都：电子科技大学，2010.
[6]郝义鹏.基于关键字驱动自动化测试平台的设计与实现[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学，2007.
[7]侯菊敏.基于Android的关键字驱动自动化测试框架研究[D].广州：中山大学，2012.
[8]区立斌.基于层次关键字驱动的自动化测试框架设计与应用[D].广州：中山大学，2012.
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英文论文写作参考文献
参考文献是文章或著作等写作过程中参考过的文献，文后参考文献是指为撰写或编辑论文和著作而引用的有关文献信息资源。
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〔提要〕随着社会的进步和人类对工作、生活环境要求的提高,人们对给排水工程的设计已除了要求有合理、先进的工艺流程,能生产出高质量的水,还需要整个厂区有一个整洁优美的环境和赏心悦目的建筑形态。这就必须对给排水工程的原有设计方法和程序思路有一个较大的改变,应把设计的全过程看成是一个持续发展的、不断开放的、经常变化的动态体系,以确保设计出一个优秀工程来。一、问题的由来随着社会的进步和人类对工作环境、生活质量,特别是对美的追求的不断提高,人们已不再满足于原有的一套设计习惯。并且随着我国市场经济的确立,为了在竞争激烈的市场中求得生存和发展,更要求对以前不受建筑设计重视的给排水工程的设计来一个较大的改革,以适应日趋变化的业主市场。长期以来,给排水工程设计采用的是一种封闭静止的方法,就工艺而工艺,就生产而生产,仅仅只是为了满足单一的一种功能,没有综合地考虑各种要素,因此工程的最终结果必然不能全方位地满足业主的各方面要求,更不能满足日趋重要的环境要求。近年来给排水工程设计的经验教训告诉人们必须在设计的观念上要有一个较大的革新,或者说必须有一个新的认识才能真正确保给排水工程的设计质量的提高,即良好的功能和良好的建筑形象的高度统一。良好的功能可为生产和管理人员创造舒适安全和整洁优美的环境,从而提高劳动生产率;而良好的建筑形象也是一种功能,这种功能不光是物质上的还有精神上的。水厂建筑的特点:一是工业建筑范畴,但不能忽略其美观;二是建筑物匍伏于地,尺度不大,并且形式单调均一分散、变化不大;三是构筑物所占比重特大,表现在体量闷沉、笨重,而且一般布置在厂区平面显眼的中心位置;四是污水处理厂气味重而难闻;五是为使水厂的环境更加接近自然,需有大面积的绿化。因此,水厂的建筑设计的意义倒并不完全在于如何做好工艺(这是很重要的),如何画出一张美丽的图画,而在于其理想的目标能得以实现,完美的构思能得以表达,合理的功能能得以兑现,以及优雅的环境能得以体现。为了达到这个目的,水厂的建筑设计首先应该在确实掌握丰富的信息、详实的资料的条件下,在加强内部工种联系的前提下,在正确的设计原则指导下和正确的方式组织下,有步骤、有计划地应用现代化的科学方法和先进的技术手段去加以制订(其中还要特别重视国外的各种先进经验)。我们不能把设计的全过程看成是一个封闭———自立门户的模式;单一———就事论事的模式,稳定———一成不变的模式;而应该看成是一个持续发展的、不断开放的、经常变化的动态体系,才能确保设计出一个完美的优秀工程。二、要注意的几个因素1 工艺流程的要求给水处理厂即一般常称的自来水厂。由于原水水质不同,工艺流程有各种组合,但它的基本工艺为混合、絮凝、沉淀、过滤和消毒。在城市水厂中,基本流程为原水→一级泵房→加药→絮凝池→沉淀或澄清池→滤池→消毒清水池→二级泵房→用户。水厂内的主体处理构筑物中沉淀池、滤池基本上都高出地面,只有清水池可以埋入地下,而当沉淀采用平流式沉淀时,其池长达100余m,在水厂中会形成单调冗长的池体,都需加以仔细设计。大多数的城市污水处理厂的流程一般为提升后的污水重力经格栅→沉砂→初沉→曝气→二沉→消毒→出流。如果排入的水体是感潮水体,有时亦会在处理水排入前有提升泵站,以解决高潮时污水厂的出水问题。对于地下水位高的地区兴建的污水厂,为了解决构筑物的空池抗浮,往往以出水末端构筑物的高度为控制,而将进水泵站以后的构筑物以高出地面3～4m布置,这样就必须对这种沉闷不堪的大体量砼面作建筑处理,同时也必须对池间联系的狭小的通道走廊作恰当的建筑处理,否则作为一个整体环境来讲是极不理想的,往往也不易被人们所接受。2 总体规划的要求总体规划非常重要,它是设计的灵魂。在规划时首先要有一个总体布局的构思,其中应包括:工艺布局的合理、道路走向的清晰、广场的适宜、地域的平衡、人流的互不交叉和公建用房(即生活区,其中包括办公、科研、试验、管理、会议室、食堂、厨房等内容)的最佳布置,然后按照①功能分区合理、简捷、便利、经济的原则;②风向、日照、地形有利的原则;③构图优美、对比均衡、空间流通的原则等,根据工艺流程的要求,结合厂址的自然条件及环境条件(包括地形以至地质条件、厂外道路系统、绿化条件、朝向、原有建筑物等)来进行总体规划。在总体规划中必须注意要创造良好的日照、空气和通风条件,还要尽量避免噪声的干扰,合理安排和大量利用绿化,把生态环境放在首位统一规划(特别是厂前区),然后将建筑物(或构筑物)布置在经过深思熟虑的绿化等环境中。在绿化设施中须充分考虑到生态绿化和景观绿化的有机结合,并多种植些可以释放有益气体和减少尘埃的树种,以改善厂区环境,减少空气污染,提高厂区的明洁度。同时,建筑物(构筑物)的设计原则还必须在立足于“环境、空间、形式”三者统一的原则基础上,使群体形象和个体形象都能表现出一种内在的含蓄和谐调,并通过曲直、高低、虚实、明暗、黑白、凹凸、方圆、上下等造型元素和设计手法的运用充分体现出工艺工程设计的新境界。3 传统观念的改革传统是指技术上、文化上历史的凝聚、沉淀和积累,它是人们长期经验和教训的总结,是固有的客观存在。它之所以能长期继承,经久不衰,并在某些方面形成一种固有的心理态势,就是因为它具有一定的吸引力和耐人寻味的余韵,因此它往往极易被人们长久地、习惯地循套,自然地袭用,即使有时会出现一些问题和不足,但对成功来说总往往可加以原谅,或者最后说总的还是成功的。我们如果辩证地看,则可以这样说,在继承传统之余必须要有充分的创新,即从“现实的需要出发对传统作转变的工作”。如果工艺总是老一套形式,形式总是老面孔,色彩总是陈调重弹,即使在功能上还可以过得去,能满足业主的一般要求,但从社会发展来看,从两个文明来看,无论如何在组织形式上、在事先指导上、在各专业的协调、在通气上都应该重新思考,不能一味循旧。在工艺上必须要创新、要提高、要有些新东西。在选型、色彩上必须要美观、要有所升华,否则就不能使业主感到非常满意,不能心情舒畅。为此可以说挑战创新是必须的,是绝对的,没有创新就会暮气沉沉没有生气,就不能前进。4 防止专业之间的各行其是长期以来,给排水工程的习惯做法是工艺一马当先,先提出设想,后再递交给其它各工种,尽管各工种可以回提条件给工艺,但由于已成习惯,且因为各专业对工程总的概念认识不足而未能充分进行必要的商榷了解,互相质疑,因此就提不出内在的、关键的问题,致使矛盾隐蔽得不到圆满的解决,有时还会引起返工,最后造成木已成舟的尴尬局面,导致项目得不到最佳的方案,达不到最理想的质量。从管理科学上来说事先指导,预先协商,不把问题的解决拖到最后,这是最科学也是最有效的工作方法。如果一个专业的设计,一味地关在工作室里,并且总是闭门苦思(即没有和其它有关专业认真商量研究),就只会把这些设计(即使是本专业中最优秀的设想)从一个社会现象变成了一个孤零零的个体,并且将这个专业完全裹入到“绝对正确”之中而一丝也动弹不得,其结果必然是感觉迟钝且视感平平,最后远不能满足业主的总要求。因此,在整体设计中要非常重视事先的协调,重视事先的各有关专业的参与协商,并且必须认识到这不光是一个单一的项目也是一项系统工程,其优劣的关键必然是组成这个组织内的各有关要素的综合,而决不是一个主导专业的所为(当然,它是很重要的)。所以决不能允许各专业各行其是,或者说是过分地突出自己,而缺少必要的整体相融性。只有通过组织有序的精心的全面的设计安排,我们才能把一个初看好像支离破碎、意见分岐、没有完整性的模糊、凌乱的印象,变成一幅诗意盎然、变化有序、排列恰当、构图完美的图画。5 建筑设计的重要性不可忽视长期以来,由于历史的原因,建筑设计(特别是工业建筑)在思想上趋于封闭狭隘,在形式上趋于呆板一律,在色彩上趋于灰暗、单调,总之建筑在如何体现满足人类的舒适和精神要求这方面考虑得太少了,更谈不上在美观的构思上多下功夫,而只片面单纯地理解为单一的功能性构筑物,仅为满足生产而已,别无它求,诸如环境、空间、选型、尺度、色彩等方面都无关紧要也无须多考虑。因此在工业建筑中,建筑的地位一直不高,也没有什么发言权,最后造成厂区建筑不美观,品味不高,大家不满意。随着社会经济的发展,人民生活水平的提高,人们已不仅仅满足于需要有一流的先进的工艺、能生产出较好的社会需要的产品,人们的追求向更高层次发展,更需要有一个包括优美的环境,良好的工作条件在内的赏心悦目的舒适的氛围,更需要防止和减少工业建筑常有的废水废气对周边环境的污染。这就需要进行全方位的综合的建筑设计,对污染进行充分有效的处理,保证有清晰的水质和洁净的空气。建筑设计虽然不像工艺设计那样直接产生经济效益,但从全局、长远的效应来看,其对提高生产效率、保障职工的身体健康、社会的文明都能起到很好的、积极的能动作用。因此,我们有必要对给排水工程中建筑设计这个概念有一个新的认识,它必须是全面的、综合的、整体效应的结果并必须在整个设计过程中贯彻始终。设计实践告诉我们应该有一个懂总图的设计师来进行总的牵头、控制和协调,平衡各专业,取其所长限其所短来达到最佳的视觉效果,我们暂且称此设计师为总协调建筑师吧。在建筑设计全过程中,总协调建筑师要始终以能形成最佳环境景观的观念为依据,充分考虑到工艺流程的最先进、最便捷,结构布局的最经济、最合理,不断地向各有关专业的负责人就当地环境景观的形成进行有方向性的引导,并不时向他们提供大家能接受的各种状态建议或者能取得平衡的一些构想,以达到最广泛的共识,统一的行动。为了对全局进行有效的控制,总协调师还要根据其对环境景观形成的基本观念预先策划制定各项设计细则,它将作为整体设计的原则引导各个单体在循序渐进中得以贯彻、实现、完善,起到启发创新的作用。在此前提下,又要避免造成对各单体专业自由构想的束缚,以细则为依据进行整个设计运作的协调,在各专业之间按照具体的变化情况就整体和单体衔接部分之间进行柔和的调整,使之达到统一。此外,总协调师还要在尊重各专业特点的前提下,为实现全局的一种“缓和宽松的秩序”而进行工作,也就是说总的协调是指制约的开放性,或者说是在整体观上充分保持单体设计(专业设计)者的自立性,充分发挥其个性特点,把所谓的束缚性因素限制在最小的范围内,最后达到辩证的统一,即互相限制了各自的不足,又保留了各自长处,而且彼此心情愉快,形成最佳的综合效应。建筑物的设计处理大体有以下的一些手法:1公共建筑(1)总平面要结合地形地貌,因地制宜,构图优美,比例匀称,并注意韵律。(2)功能相近者尽量合并,减少地面分散的构筑群,要做到大中见小、见透。(3)要处理好内外部空间,做到宽松、明亮、空透、轻灵。(4)立面和平面都力求避免过于平直、呆板,可适当组织上下、左右、高低参差,和配以局部的弧形以示流畅、舒适。(5)色彩上可区别于厂区建筑,但又不能太过于突出,必须符合统一中求变化的大原则,即在和谐中求局部的突变和醒目。(6)屋顶的处理可以在平屋顶的基础上适当配以小斜顶,或局部注以建筑符号起到全区的点缀、装饰之用。2生产性建筑(1)合并同类型相近功能的设施,多占天,少占地。(2)平面要简朴,要注意构图均衡,立面处理不宜运用过细的线条,要突出块形,要有厚实感。要注意虚实对比,高低有序,前后层次,交错合理。窗子形式可作为一种图案,多求变化。(3)要注意细部设计,任何一种粗心大意、不拘小节都会给整个建筑带来败笔。特别要注意室内的线路,管道、孔洞都要精心设计,合理安排,一般不暴露在外。(4)色彩处理宜平淡整洁为主,另配局部点缀,其鲜明程度要次于厂前区建筑的色彩处理。(5)要考虑到建筑物的连接体处理,可以理解为是一种过渡,进行超常规的处理,并顾及相互的空间和环境。(6)屋顶的处理可略同厂前区建筑。结束语综上所述,给排水工程的建筑设计是一门多学科又“色、香、味”俱全的特殊工程,牵涉到的因素方方面面,千头万绪。本文因涉及到的面较广,工艺流程也较复杂,目前还存在着不少亟待解决的理论与实践的关系问题,由于这方面的理论较缺乏,实践不够,因此肯定会有许多不足,但不管怎样只是想通过本文能对水厂(污水厂)的建筑设计全过程引起重视,作为提高水厂(污水厂)整体设计质量的一种尝试、探讨。回答的字数有限制的 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Modern architecture, not to be confused with 'contemporary architecture', is a term given to a number of building styles with similar characteristics, primarily the simplification of form and the elimination of ornament. While the style was conceived early in the 20th century and heavily promoted by a few architects, architectural educators and exhibits, very few Modern buildings were built in the first half of the century. For three decades after the Second World War, however, it became the dominant architectural style for institutional and corporate building. 1. Origins Some historians see the evolution of Modern architecture as a social matter, closely tied to the project of Modernity and hence to the Enlightenment, a result of social and political revolutions. Others see Modern architecture as primarily driven by technological and engineering developments, and it is true that the availability of new building materials such as iron, steel, concrete and glass drove the invention of new building techniques as part of the Industrial Revolution. In 1796, Shrewsbury mill owner Charles Bage first used his ‘fireproof’ design, which relied on cast iron and brick with flag stone floors. Such construction greatly strengthened the structure of mills, which enabled them to accommodate much bigger machines. Due to poor knowledge of iron's properties as a construction material, a number of early mills collapsed. It was not until the early 1830s that Eaton Hodgkinson introduced the section beam, leading to widespread use of iron construction, this kind of austere industrial architecture utterly transformed the landscape of northern Britain, leading to the description, "Dark satanic mills" of places like Manchester and parts of West Yorkshire. The Crystal Palace by Joseph Paxton at the Great Exhibition of 1851 was an early example of iron and glass construction; possibly the best example is the development of the tall steel skyscraper in Chicago around 1890 by William Le Baron Jenney and Louis Sullivan. Early structures to employ concrete as the chief means of architectural expression (rather than for purely utilitarian structure) include Frank Lloyd Wright's Unity Temple, built in 1906 near Chicago, and Rudolf Steiner's Second Goetheanum, built from 1926 near Basel, Switzerland. Other historians regard Modernism as a matter of taste, a reaction against eclecticism and the lavish stylistic excesses of Victorian Era and Edwardian Art Nouveau. Whatever the cause, around 1900 a number of architects around the world began developing new architectural solutions to integrate traditional precedents (Gothic, for instance) with new technological possibilities. The work of Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright in Chicago, Victor Horta in Brussels, Antoni Gaudi in Barcelona, Otto Wagner in Vienna and Charles Rennie Mackintosh in Glasgow, among many others, can be seen as a common struggle between old and new. 2. Modernism as Dominant Style By the 1920s the most important figures in Modern architecture had established their reputations. The big three are commonly recognized as Le Corbusier in France, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius in Germany. Mies van der Rohe and Gropius were both directors of the Bauhaus, one of a number of European schools and associations concerned with reconciling craft tradition and industrial technology. Frank Lloyd Wright's career parallels and influences the work of the European modernists, particularly via the Wasmuth Portfolio, but he refused to be categorized with them. Wright was a major influence on both Gropius and van der Rohe, however, as well as on the whole of organic architecture. In 1932 came the important MOMA exhibition, the International Exhibition of Modern Architecture, curated by Philip Johnson. Johnson and collaborator Henry-Russell Hitchcock drew together many distinct threads and trends, identified them as stylistically similar and having a common purpose, and consolidated them into the International Style. This was an important turning point. With World War II the important figures of the Bauhaus fled to the United States, to Chicago, to the Harvard Graduate School of Design, and to Black Mountain College. While Modern architectural design never became a dominant style in single-dwelling residential buildings, in institutional and commercial architecture Modernism became the pre-eminent, and in the schools (for leaders of the profession) the only acceptable, design solution from about 1932 to about 1984. Architects who worked in the international style wanted to break with architectural tradition and design simple, unornamented buildings. The most commonly used materials are glass for the facade, steel for exterior support, and concrete for the floors and interior supports; floor plans were functional and logical. The style became most evident in the design of skyscrapers. Perhaps its most famous manifestations include the United Nations headquarters (Le Corbusier, Oscar Niemeyer, Sir Howard Robertson), the Seagram Building (Ludwig Mies van der Rohe), and Lever House (Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill), all in New York. A prominent residential example is the Lovell House (Richard Neutra) in Los Angeles. Detractors of the international style claim that its stark, uncompromisingly rectangular geometry is dehumanising. Le Corbusier once described buildings as "machines for living", but people are not machines and it was suggested that they do not want to live in machines. Even Philip Johnson admitted he was "bored with the box." Since the early 1980s many architects have deliberately sought to move away from rectilinear designs, towards more eclectic styles. During the middle of the century, some architects began experimenting in organic forms that they felt were more human and accessible. Mid-century modernism, or organic modernism, was very popular, due to its democratic and playful nature. Alvar Aalto and Eero Saarinen were two of the most prolific architects and designers in this movement, which has influenced contemporary modernism. Although there is debate as to when and why the decline of the modern movement occurred, criticism of Modern architecture began in the 1960s on the grounds that it was universal, sterile, elitist and lacked meaning. Its approach had become ossified in a "style" that threatened to degenerate into a set of mannerisms. Siegfried Giedion in the 1961 introduction to his evolving text, Space, Time and Architecture (first written in 1941), could begin "At the moment a certain confusion exists in contemporary architecture, as in painting; a kind of pause, even a kind of exhaustion." At the Metropolitan Museum of Art, a 1961 symposium discussed the question "Modern Architecture: Death or Metamorphosis?" In New York, the coup d'état appeared to materialize in controversy around the Pan Am Building that loomed over Grand Central Station, taking advantage of the modernist real estate concept of "air rights",[1] In criticism by Ada Louise Huxtable and Douglas Haskell it was seen to "sever" the Park Avenue streetscape and "tarnish" the reputations of its consortium of architects: Walter Gropius, Pietro Belluschi and the builders Emery Roth & Sons. The rise of postmodernism was attributed to disenchantment with Modern architecture. By the 1980s, postmodern architecture appeared triumphant over modernism, including the temple of the Light of the World, a futuristic design for its time Guadalajara Jalisco La Luz del Mundo Sede International; however, postmodern aesthetics lacked traction and by the mid-1990s, a neo-modern (or hypermodern) architecture had once again established international pre-eminence. As part of this revival, much of the criticism of the modernists has been revisited, refuted, and re-evaluated; and a modernistic idiom once again dominates in institutional and commercial contemporary practice, but must now compete with the revival of traditional architectural design in commercial and institutional architecture; residential design continues to be dominated by a traditional aesthetic. 选我的谢谢
。Hartog,A.H.,1983年“分布式温度传感器基于Liquid-Core光纤国立LT-1:498-509光波1995,16(2)。2。Barnoski M.K.和詹森,丁镛,1976年,“Fiber-Waveguides调查:设计了一种新颖的技术,李波。衰减特性”Opt.,15:2112-2115。3。论文Dakin苏达权等,1985,“温”斯托曼派发陈鹰。第三个智力。在选择之。光纤传感器,post-deadline圣地牙哥,2月(纸)4。Hartog等,A.H.高庆宇,1985年,“分布式温度传感在实芯纤维”电子。21:1061-3(1)。5。Farries,M。C和罗杰斯,一个。J,刺激、分布式传感使用984路光纤拉曼相互作用,陈鹰。第二智力。在光纤传感器数值,pp121-32斯图加特,纸4.5。6。Dakin欢欣,1987年,“分布式光纤温度传感器使用光学克尔效应”,陈鹰。变动,纤维光学传感器的798艺术,pp149-156 II。7。Hartog,A.H.,1995,“分布式光纤温度传感器技术和应用的电力工业”,电力工程,杂志6月刊上。8。1995年,A.H. Hartog光纤温度传感器监测Wakamatsu”,“现代电力系统,pp25-28 2月刊上。
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清北医学翻译的翻译老师对这方面在行，请教下他们，这些对他们来说一点难度都没有。
外文文献是与论文内容相关的一片外文文章，内容只要与你的中文论文相关就行，字数大概3000字，再按照外文内容翻译成中文就行
Clothes Material Clothing Fabrics a wide range of the material science and fiber science aspects of the technology including: *electrically active polymeric materials and the applications of nonionic polymer gel and elastomers for artificial muscles *thermally sensitive fibres and fabrics *cross-linked polyol fibrous substrates stimuli-responsive interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel *permeation control through stimuli-responsive polymer membranes *optical fibre sensors, hollow fibre membranes for gas separation *integrating fibre-formed components into textile structures *wearable electronic and photonic technologies *adaptive and responsive textile structures (ARTS) *and biomedical applications including the applications of scaffolds in tissue engineering This book provides a guide to the fundamentals and latest developments in smart technology for textiles and clothing. The contributors represent a distinguished international panel of experts and the book covers many aspects of cutting edge research and development. It gives you insight into technological developments in the field valuable and fascinating.SMART FIBRES, FABRICS AND CLOTHING starts with a review of the background to smart technology and goes on to cover a wide range of the material science and fiber science aspects of the technology including: * electrically active polymeric materials and the applications of nonionic polymer gel and elastomers for artificial muscles * thermally sensitive fibres and fabrics * cross-linked polyol fibrous substrates stimuli-responsive interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel * permeation control through stimuli-responsive polymer membranes * optical fibre sensors, hollow fibre membranes for gas separation * integrating fibre-formed components into textile structures * wearable electronic and photonic technologies * adaptive and responsive textile structures (ARTS) * and biomedical applications including the applications of scaffolds in tissue engineering This book provides a guide to the fundamentals and latest developments in smart technology for textiles and clothing. The contributors represent a distinguished international panel of experts and the book covers many aspects of cutting edge research and development. It gives you insight into technological developments in the field valuable and fascinating.Smart Fibres, Fabrics and Clothingedited by Xiaoming TaoReviews background to smart technology and goes on to cover a wide range of the material science and fiber science aspects of the technology Provides insight into the latest technological developments such as thermally sensitive fibers and fabrics, wearable electronic and photonic technologies, adaptive and responsive textile structures, biomedical applications, and more Contains contributions from a distinguished international panel of experts Covers many aspects of cutting edge research and developmentSmart Fibres, Fabrics and Clothing starts with a review of the background to smart technology and goes on to cover a wide range of the material science and fiber science aspects of the technology including:Electrically active polymeric materials and the applications of nonionic polymer gel and elastomers for artificial muscles Thermally sensitive fibres and fabrics Cross-linked polyol fibrous substrates Stimuli-responsive interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel Permeation control through stimuli-responsive polymer membranes Optical fibre sensors, hollow fibre membranes for gas separation Integrating fibre-formed components into textile structures Wearable electronic and photonic technologies Adaptive and responsive textile structures (ARTS) And biomedical applications including the applications of scaffolds in tissue engineeringSmart Fibres, Fabrics and Clothing provides a guide to the fundamentals and latest developments in smart technology for textiles and clothing. The contributors represent a distinguished international panel of experts and the book covers many aspects of cutting edge research and development. It gives you insight into technological developments in the field valuable and fascinating.ContentsSmart technology for textiles and clothing - An overview and review Introduction Development of smart technology for textiles and clothing Outline of the book Electrically active polymer materials: application of non-ionic polymer gel and elastomers for artificial muscles Introduction Polymer materials as actuators or artificial muscle Peculiarity of polymer gel actuator Triggers for actuating polymer gels Electro-active polymer gels as artificial muscles From electro-active polymer gel to electro-active elastomer with large deformation Heat storage and thermo-regulated textiles and clothing Development introduction Basics of heat-storage materials Manufacture of heat-storage and thermo-regulated textiles and clothing Properties of heat-storage and thermo-regulated textiles and clothing application Development trends Thermally sensitive materials Introduction Thermal storage and thermal insulating fibres Thermal insulation through polymeric coatings Design of fabric assemblies Cross-linked polyol fibrous substrates as multifunctional and multi-use intelligent materials Introduction Fibrous intelligent materials Experimental Results and discussion Stimuli-responsive interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid) Introduction Experimental Results and discussion Permeation control through stimuli-responsive polymer membrane prepared by plasma and radiation grafting techniques Introduction Experimental Results and discussion Mechanical properties of fibre Bragg gratings Introduction Fabric techniques Mechanisms of FBG sensor fabrication Mechanical properties Influence of the UV irradiation on mechanical properties Polymeric fibre Optical responses of FBG sensors under deformations Introduction Optical methodology for FBG sensors Optical responses under tension Optical responses under torsion Optical responses under lateral compression Optical responses under bending Smart textile composites integrated with fibre optic sensors Introduction Optical fibres and fibre optic sensors Principal analysis of embedded fibre Bragg grating sensors Simultaneous measurements of strain and temperature Measurement effectiveness Reliability of FBGs Error of strain measurement due to deviation of position and direction Distributed measurement systems Hollow fibre membranes for gas separation Historical overview of membranes for gas separation Developments of membranes for industrial gas separation Theories of permeation processes Phase inversion and hollow fibre membrane Future hollow fibre membranes and industrial gas separation Embroidery and smart textiles Introduction Basics of embroidery technology Embroidery for technical applications - tailored fibre placement Embroidery technology used for medical textiles Embroidered stamp - gag or innovation? Adaptive and responsive textile structures (ARTS) Introduction Textiles in computing: the symbiotic relationship The Georgia Tech Wearable MotherboardTM GTWM: contributions and potential applications Emergence of a new paradigm: harnessing the opportunity Wearable technology for snow clothing Introduction Key issues and performance requirements The prototype Bio-processing for smart textiles and clothing Introduction Treatment of wool with enzymes Treatment of of cotton with enzymes Enzymatic modification of synthetic fibres Spider silk 'Intelligent fibres' Tailor-made intelligent polymers for biomedical applications Introduction Fundamental aspects of shape memory materials Concept of biodegradable shape memory polymers Degradable thermoplastic elastomers having shape memory properties Degradable polymer networks having shape memory properties Textile scaffolds in tissue engineering Introduction Ideal scaffold system Scaffold materials Textile scaffolds
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文献翻译有点花时间呢你需要几篇呢？
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自己再润色一下吧With the expansion of international investment and international trade development, internationalization and acceleration of economic globalization, enterprises for the international market is becoming more competitive. Both developed and developing countries in achieving national economic growth and development, have exposure to international markets. Many multinational companies have set up offices overseas, and commercial activities worldwide, sales activity has also embarked on an international road. Purpose of marketing is through consumer demand and the desire to profit, international marketing is actually a cross-cultural communication. Compared to domestic marketing, international market environment with greater complexity, diversity, in addition to the economic environment, political environment, natural environment, population, environment, science and technology environment, but also by the cultural environment. So cultural issues has begun to attract attention. Had an international magazine, "What is the global marketing of the biggest obstacles," this issue in international marketing personnel worldwide to ask, results, listed eight obstacles, cultural differences are classified as top. As the nations of the world in their specific historical and geographical circumstances gradually formed its own unique culture, when people from different cultural backgrounds interact, they will have differences, cultural differences also brought consumer attitudes and consumer behavior of different . These cultural differences affect consumer demand, also affect the consumer response before and after purchase. User to accept or reject a product or service depends largely on the cognitive, emotional, behavioral and cultural factors, so companies must understand the market value of the consumer orientation, mastered the consumer's purchase psychology, the culture of the target market characteristics and thus the formation of consumer preferences, appropriate arrangements for the marketing mix, before being designated an effective marketing strategy. International Business in the literature, misjudgment or ignore the cultural environment will cause a lot of mistakes and losses, those who attach importance to cultural differences, it will achieve marketing success. Therefore, research and analysis of cultural differences on the impact of international marketing to help companies successfully enter foreign markets, and even the ability to promote their own culture to the world. In this paper, starting from the concept of culture, analysis of the marketing of cultural factors have an impact; the use of actual cases illustrate how the role of culture; through a case study to understand cultural differences on the important impact of international marketing; finally shows how to overcome cultural differences negative impact in the international market to improve the success rate of marketing.
RESUME SEARCH :: MARKETING & SALES RESUME BANK Results 1 - 20 of 1004 1. - Senior Management Am looking for a Senior Management or Marketing position. Have 13 years work experience (6 years in China). Fluent in English, Malay, Mandarin, Cantonese. Know Asia-Pacific markets well. Location: Abroad - Shanghai Resume reference: liulJoq8 Date: 7 May 2009 2. - Sales I am now looking to build on my selling skills as well as progress into a management position to achieve further professional development. I am therefore keen to find a new and suitably challenging role within a market-leading organisation. Location: Kuala Lumpur - Cheras Resume reference: skG4kgjt Date: 7 May 2009 3. - Marketing Executive I am now waiting my diploma results and I wanted to look for a full time job. I have worked before as promoter in fashion apparel, female supplies, and food & beverage relevance. I have confident that I can manage well in sales and marketing area. Location: Kuala Lumpur - Bandar Sri Damansara,Kepong Resume reference: sza721mY Date: 7 May 2009 4. - Petroleum Employee I am looking for any petroleum / oil company jobs that may fit my credentials. I am a computer literate individual with knowledge in SAP R3 application, know how to operate forklifts and drive. I was previously employed at Shell Philippines from Jan 1994 to May 2005 and TWA Inc - Flying V Petroleum an independent New Oil Player in the Phils as Supervisor Field Officer from July 2006 to February 2008. Location: Abroad - Davao City, Philippines Resume reference: jsOVbLZd Date: 7 May 2009 5. - Maketing Manager / Senior Exec Looking for Senior / Mananager position for Marketing. Specilize in FMCG industry with 3 years experience. Identify, execute and manage marketing strategies and initiatives for consumer products. Speaks English, Malay and Canotonese Location: Selangor - Petaling Jaya Resume reference: roWDQtRY Date: 6 May 2009 6. - MBA with 4 year Experience in Sales looking for either markrting jobs in banking , fmcg,Beverages or automobile industry languages known English, Hindi,Malayalam, Tamil Location: Abroad - India Resume reference: ba18a2ra Date: 6 May 2009 7. - NGO Executive, Project Formulation, GIS, Disaster Risk Mgt Program Coordinator,NGO Consultant, Microcredit Advancement Planning, Socio-economic data analyst,Disaster Preparedness in Agriculture Sector, Spatial data analyst, GIS Maping expert,Computer Training Coordinator, Housing and Settlement Expert, Voluntary Organizer, Adapation to Climate Change in the Agriculture Sector, Agricultural Extension Specialist Languages: English (RWS), French(RWS) , Arabic (Read only,Write)and Bangla (mother language)Typing Speed: 35 wpm (Eng) and familiar to Arabic, French typing ..... (continued) Location: Abroad - Dhaka, Bangladesh Resume reference: sisqwUsD Date: 6 May 2009 8. - Sales Manager Management Searching for a Sales and Marketing Job. Effective communication, able to Motivate and extract the market share. Location: Abroad - India Resume reference: se0hNJAC Date: 6 May 2009 9. - Management Trainee I am graduated in degree of Urban and Regional Planning from International Islamic University Malaysia. My career objective is to achieve highest ranking position in any Real Estate Company or Multinational Company. I have a very strong interest in Business, Marketing, Sales and Management. I have high determination on improving myself towards becoming highly potential business minded person. I have participated in many self-empowerment seminars, leadership training and sales training, namely; -"Unleash ..... (continued) Location: Selangor - Subang Jaya Resume reference: crhsiWJq Date: 6 May 2009 10. - Training Manager I have obtained experience in the field of education, and then to Training and Development as I have a great passion for training. In my previous company, as a Principle Lecturer I have handled a group of lectures, planning, managing and developing course syllabus for each programme in the foundation level. And now in my current company where I am given the task to plan, coordinate and train the sales force team nationwide and internal staffs in terms of product knowledge and soft skills such as greeting, ..... (continued) Location: Selangor - Klang Resume reference: naBcfoVE Date: 6 May 2009 11. - Marketing i am looking for a job, which enable me to establish my knowledge to the job.i am fluent in English, Bahasa Malaysia, and chinese. i am self independent and fast learner,motivated and hardworking. ,good interpersonal skills in dealing with others. Location: Sarawak - Kuching Resume reference: gltYJWVF Date: 6 May 2009 12. - Web 3.0 Strategist I am looking for a position to complement my corporate experience, management skills in IT and the education industry, further to my prolific research and understanding of Web 2.0 and beyond. I have worked in Malaysia (3 years) and in Australia (10 years), in which I have gained authority and network within the online domain, especially Virtual Worlds. My publication, media interviews and international awards are a testament to my proficiency in spoken languages and presentation skills. Following are ..... (continued) Location: Abroad - Australia Resume reference: ssR3za4p Date: 6 May 2009 13. - Business Developemt Manager - Sales or Marketing job - Strength in Sales,Marketing and Business Developemet - English. Mandarin, Cantonese, Malay, spoken and writen Location: Kuala Lumpur - Kepong Resume reference: keQXgHZX Date: 5 May 2009 14. - Talent Hunt I have visited many of national and multinational companies including Engro Vopak, Fauji Fertilizer, IFFCO, PICT, SIEMENS, AREVA T&D and also served to several industries in the ITIF Asia and Textile Asia Exhibitions at Expo Centre Karachi. Apart from this I did internship in AREVA T&D (Formerly ALSTOM) and worked on the project of Automation of the PAINT SHOP CONVENTIONAL CONTROL SYSTEM, for a year. All the manufacturing depends on this sub-department of Production under the head of CNC machines in AREVA T ..... (continued) Location: Abroad - Pakistan Resume reference: enPrAXxC Date: 5 May 2009 15. - Retail Assistant Saya cari kerja yang sesuai dengan saya dan pengalaman yang saya ada sebelum ni.saya berjanji akan membuat kerja dengan baik tanpa menimbul sebarang masalah.saya boleh mengendalikan komputer dan mesin duit(casheir).saya boleh bertutur bahasa inglish sederhana dan melayu.saya bersedia kerja lebih masa.dan saya berminat kerja di adidas dan nike. Location: Sabah - kudat Resume reference: awN3QaSa Date: 5 May 2009 16. - A&P, PR, Banking,Purchasing Public Speaking, Customer services, Thinking technique, Adobe illustrator, Brand Management, Media Planning. Location: Johor - Muar, JB Resume reference: cos01NR0 Date: 5 May 2009 17. - Manager Im looking for a job of managerial cadre,i have 14 years of sales & marketing experience.im fluent in english. apart from sales job,i can do management level job too. Location: Abroad - india Resume reference: maq9eNtR Date: 5 May 2009 18. - Marketing Manager I'm looking for a Marketing Manager position as I'm relocating back to Malaysia from Dubai. My soft skills include Strategic Planning, Market Intelligence, Business Development, Customer Relationship Management, Market Analysis Forecasting, Profit & Loss Management, Negotiation, Six-Sigma Mythology, Industrial Sales, and Retail Management. Language spoken is English, Malay, Mandarin, Hokkien and Cantonese. Experience in MNC and international dealings. Friendly yet aggressive in terms of achieving objectives ..... (continued) Location: Kuala Lumpur - Kepong Resume reference: peUp96J9 Date: 5 May 2009 19. - Sales & Marketing Manager - Technical I am searching for a vacancy in Sales & Marketing. I am a Sales Manager with more than 10 years experience in Techical / Engineering Sales. I bring with me, a wealth of experience in dealing with people, customers to ensure sales objectives are met, creating a win-win environment between customers and company. As a Sales Manager, my responsibilties in my previous company ranges from being a mentor to my staff, as well as being a motivator to assist staffs in achieving the company set targets & goals. To ..... (continued) Location: Pulau Pinang - Sg. Dua Resume reference: lkOm1q7v Date: 4 May 2009 20. - Sales, export, marketing, manager Marketing % sales, managing, export department, english, german, turkish Location: Kuala Lumpur - KL Resume reference: rimvySmn Date: 4 May 2009
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中国东盟加速降低关税的进程,中国与10个成员国的东南亚国家联盟(东盟) 加速降低关税的进程,以促进建立自由贸易区(FTA), 说一位高级外贸官员10月10日在北京举行. 中国的关税平均对东盟国家的货物被削减从9.9%降至8.1%,去年虽然比例将下降到6.6%,明年说尹zonghua, 副主任与该部的国际贸易和经济事务的商务部. 平均关税水平将继续下降至2.4%,在2009年,终于在2010年 所排定的时间,为建立中国-东盟自由贸易区, 93%的产品,从东盟国家将可免关税,根据尹. 尹透露削减关税的计划,在第三次中国-东盟自由贸易区研讨会这是由东盟北京委员会与中国-东盟商务理事会. 东盟国家也作出类似的安排,尹说,举了泰国的例子. 泰国削减其平均关税为中国产品从12.9%到10.7%,去年 同时计划进一步降低到2.8%,在2009年,根据银. "实践表明,关税减让已明显增强了中国与东盟经贸发展,"尹说. 官方统计数字显示,中国的贸易与东盟总额130.4亿美元,去年进口额为75亿美元,出口为55.4亿美元. 在今年头8个月以来, 中国进口56亿美元的产品从东盟出口44.9亿美元. 而总的贸易与东盟国家今年预计将超过150亿美元,而据殷. 中国和东盟从降低关税的做法,他们会达到双赢的结果,从自由贸易区 他指出. 中国当时的国务院总理朱镕基提出建立中国-东盟自由贸易区2000年11月,经领袖 明年. 2002年11月,两国元首在北京签署了框架协议,在中国-东盟全面经济合作 并把球滚动的自由贸易区. 到2010年,中国将建立自由贸易区,与汶莱,印尼,马来西亚,菲律宾,新加坡和泰国,越南,寮国, 柬埔寨和缅甸能享受多5年的过渡期. 除了大力推动货物贸易方面, 中国和东盟还将加快谈判,关于服务贸易和投资,以建构自由贸易区,在 全面展开,据殷. bambangkhaeroni,重视贸易与印尼驻华使馆 说的合作,中国与东盟之间的"一直工作动态" 印尼长期以来一直参与区域合作的倡议,如东盟和APEC(亚太经济合作组织),khaeroni说.