英语论文范文1500

英语论文范文1500

有很多的同学在写英语作文的时候，也会写一些经典的议论文，我整理了相关范文，希望会对大家有所帮助！

英语作文范文带中文翻译

Many years ago, the movie about the youth became very popular, every year, we can see many hot movies about the protagonist’s passed youth. People like to recall their passed youth, which makes such movies sell good. But I find the common things about these movies, all the protagonists’ youth are about fighting, love and other negative things. I understand the directors’ intention, they want to tell people youth is not perfect and having pities. Of course movie is exaggerating, the real youth is about studying, at least, most people have worked so hard to get into their ideal colleges. What the movies describe make up some people’s youth, for which they don’t have the chance to experience. We should not be misled by these movies, for the teenagers, their job is to study, so that they can have a bright future.

【翻译】很多年以前，关于青春的电影很受欢迎，此后每年，我们都可以看到很多热门电影是关于主人公逝去的青春。人们喜欢回忆他们逝去的青春，这才是让这类电影好卖的原因。但是我发现了这些电影的共同点，那就是所有的主人公的青春都是关于大家，恋爱和其他消极的东西。我明白导演们的意图，他们想要告诉人们青春是不完美的，存在遗憾。当然电影是夸张化的，真正的青春是关于学习，至少，大部分人是如此努力的学习，为了进入理想的大学。电影所刻画的弥补了一些人的青春，对于他们没有机会去体验这些东西。我们不应该被电影误导，对于青少年来说，他们的工作是学习，这样他们才能有一个美好的未来。

高中英语作文范文80词

I like English. I think I can share my English learning method with you. First of all, develop interest on English. My way to make it is to watch movies from abroad. At first, I will watch the movie with subtitle. Then I will remove the subtitle, only English left. Gradually, show great interest in English. Secondly, recite vocabularies. Vocabulary is the necessary foundation to start learn English. This time you have to force yourself to remember words. Thirdly, understand basic grammar thoroughly. It is hard for me to understand the meaning of a sentence if I don’t know the basic grammar. Last but not least is to speak more. The basic purpose to learn a language is to communicate. So talk in English as much as you can. And don’t worry about losing face, because everyone makes mistakes. Those are my methods.

我喜欢英语。我觉得我可以和你分享一下我的英语学习方法。首先，培养对英语的兴趣。我的方法是看国外电影。一开始，我会留着字幕一起看。之后我就会不看字幕，只留英文。渐渐地，我对英语表现出极大的兴趣。其次，背诵词汇。词汇是学习英语的必要根基。这一点你只能强迫自己去背了。第三，完全理解基本语法。如果我不懂基本语法，我会很难理解一整个句子的意思。最后但并非最不重要的是要多说。学习语言的基本目的就是进行沟通。因此，尽可能多的用英语交谈。不要担心丢脸，因为每个人都会犯错误的。这些就是我的方法。

英语作文100词左右带翻译——珍惜时间

Chinese Spring Festival celebrating the end of winter and the warmth of spring. It began in the last day of the lunar year, end in the 15th day of lunar New Year, also is the Lantern Festival. During the Spring Festival, people use red lantern and Spring Festival couplets decorate a house, put on all kinds of colored clothes, often

An English proverb says that time is money. I consider it (this) wrong. Why? Because we all know that we can earn money be work but can not in any way get back time (in anyway). For this reason, we may (can) say that time is more valuable than money.

Many people do not know the value of time. It (this) is indeed a great pity. We must bear (keep) in mind that wasting time is equal to wasting your life.

【翻译】英国有句谚语说，时间就是金钱。我认为这是不对的。为什么？因为我们大家都知道我们能够用工作赚钱，但无论如何却无法把时间争取回来。基于此种理由，我们可以说时间比钱钱更宝贵。

许多人不知爱惜时光。这确实是可惜的。我们必须记住浪费时间等于浪费生命。

下面是我整理的高中英语 议论文 范文 ，欢迎大家阅读!

高中英语议论文范文：The Olympic Games

The Olympic Games, first held in 776BC, has a history of more than one thousand years. The modern Games is held every four years. Many countries try their best to bid for hosting the Olympic Games. And every country does its best to get more medals in the Games.

There are five rings on the Olympic flag, which are considered to symbolize the five continents: Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania and America. The Olympic motto is: "Swifter, higher, stronger." The Games can promote the understanding and friendship among different peoples and different nations.

高中英语议论文范文：Internet Changes Life

Internet Changes Life

Globally, we have moved from a culture centered on network television, cable, AM and FM radio and telephone into a digital society with mass media,streaming information, intelligent computer.To shift to a digital economy, best demonstrated by the explosive growth of the Internet, is transforming everyday products and practices.Ideas expressed in soft wares, chips, communication systems, financial institutions and mass media have enormous leverage worldwide.Beyond emails and online shopping, the Internet promises to change dramatically huge spectrum activities.Its benefits can be well illustrated in the following aspects.

在全球范围内，我们已经从一个 文化 中心为网络电视，有线电视，AM和FM收音机，电话的社会进入到以大众媒体，信息流，智能计算机的数字社会。转变 成数字经济，最明显体现在互联网的爆增，它正在改变日常产品和实践。思想体现在软件，芯片，通信系统，金融机构和大众媒体拥有巨大的全球影响力上。除了电 子邮件和网上购物，互联网还承诺大改光谱活动。它的好处可以在以下几个方面说明。

In the first place, it contributes to escape us from laborious work, save our time, facilitate our lives.Secondly, with computer’s extensive reach into every corner of the world, a perspective of human life can be shown only with a single keystroke.No matter where we are, in school, business workshops, operating rooms, labs, banks of halls of government, the Internet appears to reflect a perspective of human life.Furthermore, computer profits us by relaxation and entertainment it provides.

首先，它有助于我们摆脱费力的工作，节省时间，方便了我们的生活。其次，计算机的广泛延伸到世界的每个角落，只需一个单一的按键就可以透视人类生 活。不管我们在哪里，在学校，企业车间，手术室，实验室，银行政府大厅，因特网似乎都可以反映人类生活。此外，电脑不仅提供放松和娱乐还有利润。

But on the other hand, some people debate that it is also inconvenient, waste the time, isolated us from people, and make our lives more complicated.Some people repair the most sophisticated computer but can’t mend a pair of socks.Yet in fact, computer collapse the distances and demolishes all boundaries.Whether computer is a blessing or a curse, depends on

高中英语议论文范文：My View on Mistakes

Mistakes are something done, said, or believed, as a result of wrong thinking or understanding, lack of knowledge or skills. No one is perfect, and no one never makes any mistakes.

Because many people are afraid of making mistakes, they don't believe, say or do much. They behave like this just because they want to make no mistake. As I said, it's impossible, Being afraid of making mistakes is a mistake itself.Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress. Making mistakes for pursuing truth is much better than doing nothing. Failure is the mother of success. Many scientists may make a great number of mistakes before they make any discovery. If we humans didn't make mistakes, we would make no progress and still live a primitive life.

Mistakes are the best teachers who guide us through difficulties. Don't let mistakes scare you. Let's learn from mistakes.

高中英语议论文范文：自律不容易

When people are in the public, they have the sense that they should not speak loudly in the public place and they should not jump the line and so on, these are rules for them, though it is not the law makes it, but the power of morality. Self-behave seems easy to do, but when the great temptation comes, self-behave will be changed quickly.

当人们身处公共场所的时候，他们意识到不应该在公共场合大声说话和不应该插队等等，这些是规则，虽然法律没有规定，但是这是道德的力量。自律看起来很容易做到，但是面对巨大的诱惑时，自律很快就会被打破。

It has been reported that in Hong Kong, a police car which was loaded with crash attracted many people to grab the money when the crash slipped down from the police car. It was such crazy, the money should be handed to the band, while on its way to the bank, people grabbed some and then left quickly. Two days later, the police found back most of the money, some people who refused to return the money were caught into the prison.

据报道，在香港，一辆装载着钱的警车，当现金从警车上滑下来的时候，吸引了很多人去抢。这是多么疯狂啊，钱本应该上交到银行，然而在运去银行的途中，人们拿走了一些，然后快速离开。两天以后，警察找回了大部分的钱，一些拒绝还钱的人被抓到，并坐牢。

Self-behave is not easy, people are easy to obey the public rules on the small issues, while when the great temptation comes, these rules are easy to be broken. The one who can refuse to the great temptation can say he is totally self-behave.

自律不容易，人们很容易遵守关于小事的公共规则，然而当面临巨大诱惑的时候，这些规则很容易就会被打破。谁能拒绝大诱惑，谁就能说他是完全的自律。

高中英语议论文范文：

Nowadays, we can see some boys and girls who live in a small world of their own. They bury themselves among books and are proud of themselves. They think that it will make them lose their face if they do housework for they often think themselves very noble.

These young people are wrong. In my opinion every student should have a knowledge of housework. After all, they will have a family of their own, and they should do their part in keeping a good home. Boys should also learn to do housework, for what will they do if they remain single? Though not all boys remain single, yet they will be very helpful in the family if they know some housework. Anyhow they will not lose anything, but, on the contrary, they will gain something useful.

For what I said above, we can find some examples of our fellow-students studying abroad. All young men do housework as girls do. Someone would argue that we can employ servants. This is true. However, what shall we do if the servant leaves us and all things are left to ourselves? We just cannot leave our clothes as they are and let worms and ants eat them up. And what can we do it we go and study in a foreign country where servants are out our means to employ?

We must work for ourselves. Why not start to learn to do housework now or else it will be too late?Everyone should learn to do housework. What do you think about my idea?

英语论文1500字

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PRODUCTION PLANNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF SURVEYING AND MAPPING PROJECTKEY WORDS: GIS，Design，Analysis，Application，Management，ProductionABSTRACT:With the development of photogrammetry and spatial information sciences, we have found many new methods to solve the technical problem in surveying and mapping project. But there is a little research on the project management. Traditional management method is complex and time-consuming. Now, we need use new technique to improve the management method for enhancing management level. Taking “National Western Surveying and Mapping Project on 1:50000 Topological Maps Blank Area” as an example, this paper focus on production planning management. The project is remarkable, not only the task and extent is tremendous, but also the staff and stuff are excessive. The Blank Area has atrocious weather and extreme hypsography. All of the conditions increase the project management difficulty. For reasonable planning and logical budget, we designed and realized a production planning management system to give the decision support to the managers. This paper studies the system’s requirement analysis, system structure and function in detail.1. INTRODUCTIONNowadays, Geographical Information Systems(GIS) are powerful and useful as means of information, visualization and research tools(Quan Bao,2004). Most GIS software is more suited to providing limited types of output than as a tool to support, at anything other than a superficial level, tactical or strategic decision-making processes. To improve the usefulness of GIS as a decision support tool, two needs are apparent. First, decision-makers require methods that allow them to easily select alternatives across a number of relevant criteria. Second, it is necessary to explicitly recognize that most decision-making processes involve multiple participants. Since problem solving id often characterized by multiple and conflicting objectives, methods that contribute toward more a completely aiding decision system are required.

我这里有7篇研究生论文.都是很齐全的,我自己毕业就用的那个但是好象内容和你的不大符合你要是能自立题目的话，可以找我删节一下就能用

你好，我回答的是第三个题目，仅供参考，希望对你有帮助哦 What are the most important culture differences and elements of intercultural communication? As we all know, different countries have different cultures. 'Culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another.' (Hofstede, 1991)It is inevitable that the cultural difference has impact on business. For example, when a company having meeting, the word "table" in American English that means to put something on the agenda. But in British English it means to put something off the agenda. This example indicated how the culture affects the business.There are four cultural dimensions that were defined in Hofstede's research: Power distance, Uncertainty avoidance, Individualism, Masculinity, and recently Hofstede add one more: long-term-short-term orientation.What I think the most significant influence in cultural difference is the power distance. (Hoecklin,1995:28)"It would condition the extent to which employees accept that their boss has more power than they have and the extent to which they accept that their boss's opinions and decisions are right because he or she is the boss." I considered it as how much subordinates can consent or dissent with bosses or managers. It is the distance between a manager and subordinate. Among most oriental corporate cultures, there is hierarchism, greater centralization, sometimes called 'power-oriented culture', due to the historical reasons. That is a high power distance culture that mangers make the decision and superiors appeal to be entitled more privileges. Their decision always close supervision positively evaluated by subordinates. In this situation, it is not be regarded if a subordinates have a disagreement with their managers, especially in Malaysia, Japan, China, India. In the oriental, power distance is also associated with 'the family culture' (Trompernaars, 1993:139). In this kind of corporate culture the manager is like the "caring father" who knows better than his subordinates what should be done and what is suitable for them. The subordinates always esteem the managers. Because of the managers age and experience. That is usually how employees get their promotion. There are both positive and negative parts in the family cultures. I feel it is an easy managing system. But sometime it is hard to get young creative employees work well cause of the hierarchy. As Tropmenaars (1993: 142) told us "family culture at their least effective drain the energies and loyalties of subordinates to buoy up the leader." So in family culture, the power distance can be viewed as the subordinates respect the superiors.That is the corporate culture in orient. Let us take a look at the western way. It is not a whole converse phenomenon. There is 'the Eiffel Tower culture' (Trompernaars, 1997:166) in the international management. About the Eiffel tower Trompenaars (1993: 148) told us " Its hierarchy is very different from that of the family. Each higher level has a clear and demonstrable function of holding together the level beneath it." German, Austrian have the characteristic of the Eiffel Tower Culture, which is a low power distance. In the lower power dis tance, (Hoecklin, 1995:31) 'higher-educated employees hold much less authoritarian values than lower-educated ones.' The obedience showed from the subordinates to the superiors is not as much as the oriental way. The leadership can be called as hierarchy and consensus. Employee can have different opinion with his/her boss. And when he/she got different ideas, he/she can go all the way up to the boss and discuss the problem. This is a good thing usually company may explore all the potentials of its employees, because sometime the subordinates may have the better&nb sp;idea of the business.I think because of the different realization of power distance, people behave completely different in business. So conflict and misunderstanding must be emerged when two or more intercultures meet up. Under this situation, the international managers must pay attention to the clashes and be aware of. How to work the subordinates together efficiently and more cooperatively is important too.And then there is also a large discrepancy on the uncertainty avoidance. (Hoecklin, 1995:31) defined 'Uncertainty avoidance is the lack of tolerance for ambiguity and the need for formal rules.' That means people trying to setup rules to face to the uncertainty. There is high uncertainty avoidance in most oriental countries such as Japan, China. In these countries, people prefer a stable job. They feel safe and prideful when they keep working hard at the one place. Under this circumstance, an excellent manager should keep his employee away from unpredictable ;risk. And the employee would like to be worked within groups rather than independently cause of the less risk-taking. But in most western countries, there is low uncertainty avoidance showed, whereas high job mobility occurs in those countries such as USA, Denmark, Singapore. The western people think that when they change their jobs, they can get more experience cause they like challenge. I believe that the divergence of the uncertainty avoidance is from different basic social ideology. A competent manager should pay attention on the rules setting between different uncer tainty avoidance.

你应该给出具体的要求这样英国智酷才能更好地帮助你。

英语论文1500词

The term English literature refers to literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English by writers not necessarily from England; Joseph Conrad was Polish, Robert Burns was Scottish, James Joyce was Irish, Dylan Thomas was Welsh, Edgar Allan Poe was American, Salman Rushdie is Indian, V.S. Naipaul was born in Trinidad, Vladimir Nabokov was Russian. In other words, English literature is as diverse as the varieties and dialects of English spoken around the world. In academia, the term often labels departments and programmes practising English studies in secondary and tertiary educational systems. Despite the variety of authors of English literature, the works of William Shakespeare remain paramount throughout the English-speaking world.This article primarily deals with literature from Britain written in English. For literature from specific English-speaking regions, consult the see also section at the bottom of the page.Contents [hide]1 Old English 2 Renaissance literature 3 Early Modern period 3.1 Elizabethan Era 3.2 Jacobean literature 3.3 Caroline and Cromwellian literature 3.4 Restoration literature 3.5 Augustan literature 4 18th century 5 Romanticism 6 Victorian literature 7 Modernism 8 Post-modern literature 9 Views of English literature 10 See also 11 External links Old EnglishMain article: Anglo-Saxon literatureThe first works in English, written in Old English, appeared in the early Middle Ages (the oldest surviving text is Cædmon's Hymn). The oral tradition was very strong in early British culture and most literary works were written to be performed. Epic poems were thus very popular and many, including Beowulf, have survived to the present day in the rich corpus of Anglo-Saxon literature that closely resemble today's Norwegian or, better yet, Icelandic. Much Anglo-Saxon verse in the extant manuscripts is probably a "milder" adaptation of the earlier Viking and German war poems from the continent. When such poetry was brought to England it was still being handed down orally from one generation to another, and the constant presence of alliterative verse, or consonant rhyme (today's newspaper headlines and marketing abundantly use this technique such as in Big is Better) helped the Anglo-Saxon peoples remember it. Such rhyme is a feature of Germanic languages and is opposed to vocalic or end-rhyme of Romance languages. But the first written literature dates to the early Christian monasteries founded by St. Augustine of Canterbury and his disciples and it is reasonable to believe that it was somehow adapted to suit to needs of Christian readers. Even without their crudest lines, Viking war poems still smell of blood feuds and their consonant rhymes sound like the smashing of swords under the gloomy northern sky: there is always a sense of imminent danger in the narratives. Sooner or later, all things must come to an end, as Beowulf eventually dies at the hands of the monsters he spends the tale fighting. The feelings of Beowulf that nothing lasts, that youth and joy will turn to death and sorrow entered Christianity and were to dominate the future landscape of English fiction.Renaissance literatureMain article: English RenaissanceFollowing the introduction of a printing press into England by William Caxton in 1476, vernacular literature flourished. The Reformation inspired the production of vernacular liturgy which led to the Book of Common Prayer, a lasting influence on literary English language. The poetry, drama, and prose produced under both Queen Elizabeth I and King James I constitute what is today labelled as Early modern (or Renaissance).Early Modern periodFurther information: Early Modern English and Early Modern Britain Elizabethan EraMain article: Elizabethan literatureThe Elizabethan era saw a great flourishing of literature, especially in the field of drama. The Italian Renaissance had rediscovered the ancient Greek and Roman theatre, and this was instrumental in the development of the new drama, which was then beginning to evolve apart from the old mystery and miracle plays of the Middle Ages. The Italians were particularly inspired by Seneca (a major tragic playwright and philosopher, the tutor of Nero) and Plautus (its comic clichés, especially that of the boasting soldier had a powerful influence on the Renaissance and after). However, the Italian tragedies embraced a principle contrary to Seneca's ethics: showing blood and violence on the stage. In Seneca's plays such scenes were only acted by the characters. But the English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model: a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London and Giovanni Florio had brought much of the Italian language and culture to England. It is also true that the Elizabethan Era was a very violent age and that the high incidence of political assassinations in Renaissance Italy (embodied by Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince) did little to calm fears of popish plots. As a result, representing that kind of violence on the stage was probably more cathartic for the Elizabethan spectator. Following earlier Elizabethan plays such as Gorboduc by Sackville & Norton and The Spanish Tragedy by Kyd that was to provide much material for Hamlet, William Shakespeare stands out in this period as a poet and playwright as yet unsurpassed. Shakespeare was not a man of letters by profession, and probably had only some grammar school education. He was neither a lawyer, nor an aristocrat as the "university wits" that had monopolised the English stage when he started writing. But he was very gifted and incredibly versatile, and he surpassed "professionals" as Robert Greene who mocked this "shake-scene" of low origins. Though most dramas met with great success, it is in his later years (marked by the early reign of James I) that he wrote what have been considered his greatest plays: Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, and The Tempest, a tragicomedy that inscribes within the main drama a brilliant pageant to the new king. This 'play within a play' takes the form of a masque, an interlude with music and dance coloured by the novel special effects of the new indoor theatres. Critics have shown that this masterpiece, which can be considered a dramatic work in its own right, was written for James's court, if not for the monarch himself. The magic arts of Prospero, on which depend the outcome of the plot, hint at the fine relationship between art and nature in poetry. Significantly for those times (the arrival of the first colonists in America), The Tempest is (though not apparently) set on a Bermudan island, as research on the Bermuda Pamphlets (1609) has shown, linking Shakespeare to the Virginia Company itself. The "News from the New World", as Frank Kermode points out, were already out and Shakespeare's interest in this respect is remarkable. Shakespeare also popularized the English sonnet which made significant changes to Petrarch's model.The sonnet was introduced into English by Thomas Wyatt in the early 16th century. Poems intended to be set to music as songs, such as by Thomas Campion, became popular as printed literature was disseminated more widely in households. See English Madrigal School. Other important figures in Elizabethan theatre include Christopher Marlowe, Thomas Dekker, John Fletcher and Francis Beaumont. Had Marlowe (1564-1593) not been stabbed at twenty-nine in a tavern brawl, says Anthony Burgess, he might have rivalled, if not equalled Shakespeare himself for his poetic gifts. Remarkably, he was born only a few weeks before Shakespeare and must have known him well. Marlowe's subject matter, though, is different: it focuses more on the moral drama of the renaissance man than any other thing. Marlowe was fascinated and terrified by the new frontiers opened by modern science. Drawing on German lore, he introduced Dr. Faustus to England, a scientist and magician who is obsessed by the thirst of knowledge and the desire to push man's technological power to its limits. He acquires supernatural gifts that even allow him to go back in time and wed Helen of Troy, but at the end of his twenty-four years' covenant with the devil he has to surrender his soul to him. His dark heroes may have something of Marlowe himself, whose untimely death remains a mystery. He was known for being an atheist, leading a lawless life, keeping many mistresses, consorting with ruffians: living the 'high life' of London's underworld. But many suspect that this might have been a cover-up for his activities as a secret agent for Elizabeth I, hinting that the 'accidental stabbing' might have been a premeditated assassination by the enemies of The Crown. Beaumont and Fletcher are less-known, but it is almost sure that they helped Shakespeare write some of his best dramas, and were quite popular at the time. It is also at this time that the city comedy genre develops. In the later 16th century English poetry was characterised by elaboration of language and extensive allusion to classical myths. The most important poets of this era include Edmund Spenser and Sir Philip Sidney. Elizabeth herself, a product of Renaissance humanism, produced occasional poems such as On Monsieur’s Departure.Canons of Renaissance poetryJacobean literatureAfter Shakespeare's death, the poet and dramatist Ben Jonson was the leading literary figure of the Jacobean era (The reign of James I). However, Jonson's aesthetics hark back to the Middle Ages rather than to the Tudor Era: his characters embody the theory of humours. According to this contemporary medical theory, behavioral differences result from a prevalence of one of the body's four "humours" (blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile) over the other three; these humours correspond with the four elements of the universe: air, water, fire, and earth. This leads Jonson to exemplify such differences to the point of creating types, or clichés.Jonson is a master of style, and a brilliant satirist. His Volpone shows how a group of scammers are fooled by a top con-artist, vice being punished by vice, virtue meting out its reward.Others who followed Jonson's style include Beaumont and Fletcher, who wrote the brilliant comedy, The Knight of the Burning Pestle, a mockery of the rising middle class and especially of those nouveaux riches who pretend to dictate literary taste without knowing much literature at all. In the story, a couple of grocers wrangle with professional actors to have their illiterate son play a leading role in a drama. He becomes a knight-errant wearing, appropriately, a burning pestle on his shield. Seeking to win a princess' heart, the young man is ridiculed much in the way Don Quixote was. One of Beaumont and Fletcher's chief merits was that of realising how feudalism and chivalry had turned into snobbery and make-believe and that new social classes were on the rise.Another popular style of theatre during Jacobean times was the revenge play, popularized by John Webster and Thomas Kyd. George Chapman wrote a couple of subtle revenge tragedies, but must be remembered chiefly on account of his famous translation of Homer, one that had a profound influence on all future English literature, even inspiring John Keats to write one of his best sonnets.The King James Bible, one of the most massive translation projects in the history of English up to this time, was started in 1604 and completed in 1611. It represents the culmination of a tradition of Bible translation into English that began with the work of William Tyndale. It became the standard Bible of the Church of England, and some consider it one of the greatest literary works of all time. This project was headed by James I himself, who supervised the work of forty-seven scholars. Although many other translations into English have been made, some of which are widely considered more accurate, many aesthetically prefer the King James Bible, whose meter is made to mimic the original Hebrew verse.Besides Shakespeare, whose figure towers over the early 1600s, the major poets of the early 17th century included John Donne and the other Metaphysical poets. Influenced by continental Baroque, and taking as his subject matter both Christian mysticism and eroticism, metaphysical poetry uses unconventional or "unpoetic" figures, such as a compass or a mosquito, to reach surprise effects. For example, in "A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning", one of Donne's Songs and Sonnets, the points of a compass represent two lovers, the woman who is home, waiting, being the centre, the farther point being her lover sailing away from her. But the larger the distance, the more the hands of the compass lean to each other: separation makes love grow fonder. The paradox or the oxymoron is a constant in this poetry whose fears and anxieties also speak of a world of spiritual certainties shaken by the modern discoveries of geography and science, one that is no longer the centre of the universe. Apart from the metaphysical poetry of Donne, the 17th century is also celebrated for its Baroque poetry. Baroque poetry served the same ends as the art of the period; the Baroque style is lofty, sweeping, epic, and religious. Many of these poets have an overtly Catholic sensibility (namely Richard Crashaw) and wrote poetry for the Catholic counter-Reformation in order to establish a feeling of supremacy and mysticism that would ideally persuade newly emerging Protestant groups back toward Catholicism.Caroline and Cromwellian literatureThe turbulent years of the mid-17th century, during the reign of Charles I and the subsequent Commonwealth and Protectorate, saw a flourishing of political literature in English. Pamphlets written by sympathisers of every faction in the English civil war ran from vicious personal attacks and polemics, through many forms of propaganda, to high-minded schemes to reform the nation. Of the latter type, Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes would prove to be one of the most important works of British political philosophy. Hobbes's writings are some of the few political works from the era which are still regularly published while John Bramhall, who was Hobbes's chief critic, is largely forgotten. The period also saw a flourishing of news books, the precursors to the British newspaper, with journalists such as Henry Muddiman, Marchamont Needham, and John Birkenhead representing the views and activities of the contending parties. The frequent arrests of authors and the suppression of their works, with the consequence of foreign or underground printing, led to the proposal of a licensing system. The Areopagitica, a political pamphlet by John Milton, was written in opposition to licensing and is regarded as one of the most eloquent defenses of press freedom ever written.Specifically in the reign of Charles I (1625 – 42), English Renaissance theatre experienced its concluding efflorescence. The last works of Ben Jonson appeared on stage and in print, along with the final generation of major voices in the drama of the age: John Ford, Philip Massinger, James Shirley, and Richard Brome. With the closure of the theatres at the start of the English Civil War in 1642, drama was suppressed for a generation, to resume only in the altered society of the English Restoration in 1660.Other forms of literature written during this period are usually ascribed political subtexts, or their authors are grouped along political lines. The cavalier poets, active mainly before the civil war, owed much to the earlier school of metaphysical poets. The forced retirement of royalist officials after the execution of Charles I was a good thing in the case of Izaak Walton, as it gave him time to work on his book The Compleat Angler. Published in 1653, the book, ostensibly a guide to fishing, is much more: a meditation on life, leisure, and contentment. The two most important poets of Oliver Cromwell's England were Andrew Marvell and John Milton, with both producing works praising the new government; such as Marvell's An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland. Despite their republican beliefs they escaped punishment upon the Restoration of Charles II, after which Milton wrote some of his greatest poetical works (with any possible political message hidden under allegory). Thomas Browne was another writer of the period; a learned man with an extensive library, he wrote prolifically on science, religion, medicine and the esoteric.Restoration literatureMain article: Restoration LiteratureRestoration literature includes both Paradise Lost and the Earl of Rochester's Sodom, the high spirited sexual comedy of The Country Wife and the moral wisdom of Pilgrim's Progress. It saw Locke's Treatises on Government, the founding of the Royal Society, the experiments of Robert Boyle and the holy meditations of Boyle, the hysterical attacks on theatres from Jeremy Collier, the pioneering of literary criticism from Dryden, and the first newspapers. The official break in literary culture caused by censorship and radically moralist standards under Cromwell's Puritan regime created a gap in literary tradition, allowing a seemingly fresh start for all forms of literature after the Restoration. During the Interregnum, the royalist forces attached to the court of Charles I went into exile with the twenty-year old Charles II. The nobility who travelled with Charles II were therefore lodged for over a decade in the midst of the continent's literary scene. Charles spent his time attending plays in France, and he developed a taste for Spanish plays. Those nobles living in Holland began to learn about mercantile exchange as well as the tolerant, rationalist prose debates that circulated in that officially tolerant nation.The largest and most important poetic form of the era was satire. In general, publication of satire was done anonymously. There were great dangers in being associated with a satire. On the one hand, defamation law was a wide net, and it was difficult for a satirist to avoid prosecution if he were proven to have written a piece that seemed to criticize a noble. On the other hand, wealthy individuals would respond to satire as often as not by having the suspected poet physically attacked by ruffians. John Dryden was set upon for being merely suspected of having written the Satire on Mankind. A consequence of this anonymity is that a great many poems, some of them of merit, are unpublished and largely unknown.未完

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Some people think that we learn our most important lessons in school. Others think that the knowledge we acquire outside of school is the most important. Which view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.问题——现实情况——他人的观点——你的观点 Children all around the world are attending school. Education has become a core issue for every government on earth, and they are all striving hard to achieve higher quality and larger scale of education. This is by no means coincidence, but indicates the importance of education. In my point of view, we learn our most important lessons of our life in school, which is reflected by the emphasis of education by governments.理由一 In schools, students learn the essence of all human knowledge. The human knowledge is accumulated through all human history. Knowledge taught in lessons in school are selected and selected over thousands of years, composing the fundamental knowledge a person needed to survive and succeed in society. For example, the mathematics courses in school lay the basis for every student who is to understand numbers. If they know nothing about mathematics, they may well be fooled in the future by banks and other people.理由二 Also, the knowledge taught in school is often systematic and reasonable, rather than discrete pieces of knowledge. Through the process of learning systematically and solving academic problems by reasoning, students only learn the knowledge they are learning, but also learn the most efficient way to view and solve problems around us. For example, through learning physics and chemistry, students know more about what's happening around us, but more importantly, they grasp some idea of observation, assumption, experimentation and conclusion.理由三 And lessons in school often determine students' appetite of literature, art and music. In schools, student spend much more time learning famous piece of literary works, paintings, sculptures and great compositions, which is definitely different from what they hear and see outside the school. In this way, their appetites for beauty reach a higher level. And an appetite for fine arts and literature would bring tremendous benefits to the happiness of their life, considering the huge heritage of fine arts we have!理由四 To conclude, the knowledge taught in school is the true essence of all human knowledge, and school knowledge has a tremendous positive effect on individuals.总结理由，强化结论

帮你弄一篇吧我选的是第二个题目Information and communications technology to ChinaChina has experienced rapid growth within the information and communications technology (ICT) industry over the past decade, and now plays a leading role in China’s economic development. As a result of China’s ‘opening up’ policy and path of economic reform, China’s electronic communications industry has grown at three times the rate of GDP growth. In 2006, China’s electronic communications industry revenue reached RMB475 billion. The total value of foreign trade reached US$651.7 billion representing over 15 per cent of the global electronics trade, with the output of many electronic products ranked first worldwide. These electronics products include: • colour TVs • mobile phone handsets • computers • electronic watches • calculators • DVDsChina’s accession into the World Trade Organization (WTO) provided a transitional period for opening up its telecom sector which lasted until November 2007. Consequently, this has assisted China to develop one of the largest open telecom markets in the world. The Value Added Services (VAS) sector is expected to contribute to this growth, as one of the hottest market entry sectors for foreign ICT companies. Through the Ministry of Information Industry (MII), the Chinese Government administers foreign direct investment into the telecommunications sector. This includes basic infrastructure and value added services, however, with various restrictions on foreign ownership levels. From 1 December 2007, a new set of Categories of Foreign Investment Industry Guidance 2007 Amended Version has been implemented, superseding the previous version issued on 30 November 2004, and providing new levels of guidance on foreign direct investment in the various industry sectors. To ensure China’s telecommunications market operates in a fair, transparent and effective competitive environment, China’s first Telecommunications Law has been drafted and is currently undergoing a process of public consultation before being enacted. This should provide further guidance and protection to both investors and operators, in addition to the various regulations currently in place. With China entering its 11th Five Year Plan period, ICT has also moved from 'enabling and promoting' to 'strengthening industry integration and indigenous innovations'. The key focuses are to:• Continue increasing overall integrated ICT service levels • Increase and improve the development of ICT infrastructure • Strengthen the indigenous innovation in core industries • Focus on incubating strategic industry clusters • Proactively promote the integrated development of all ICT sectors • Strengthen the modernisation of post services • Strengthen the administration of radio communications • Increase the supportive capability of ICT infrastructure to the national economyBy 2010, the targeted penetration levels for fixed telecommunication in China is anticipated to reach 30 per cent of its population to one billion subscribers in operation (SIO), and 45 per cent penetration in mobile communications to 600 million SIOs. Internet users are anticipated to reach 200 million with 15 per cent penetration.TelecommunicationsSince the first wireless mobile phone base station was installed on 18 November 1987, China reached 531.4 million mobile SIOs at the end of October 2007. Therefore, China has the highest number of mobile phone subscribers in the world. The vast number of SIOs also generated 483.7 billion short message services (SMS). Due to China’s large population, mobile penetration in China is still considered low at 39.9 per cent when compared with most developed countries. This presents substantial growth opportunities for companies within the China market.Fixed communications grew slightly lower than mobile communications with a total of 370 million SIOs, representing a 28.3 per cent penetration rate. China has over 22,000 registered companies providing Value Added Services to the telecom sector. There are six major telecommunications operators in China:• China Telecom • China Mobile • China Satellite Company • China Unicom • China Netcom • China Railway CommunicationsSoftware and system integrationIn 2006, the size of China’s domestic software market reached RMB480 billion. The total number of registered software companies increased to 15,723 with over 1.29 million people employed in the software industry. There were over 35 companies with a turnover exceeding RMB1 billion, and 51 companies with turnover in the range of RMB0.5–1 billion. Furthermore, more than 80 software companies had over 1,000 employees. There are currently 38 companies with CMM5 (Capability Maturity Model For Software) certifications, the highest level of an internationally recognized certification program for software companies. In addition, 23 companies achieved CMM4 certifications and over 200 companies were awarded CMM3 certifications. The increasing number of Chinese software companies seeking and achieving CMM certification demonstrates their enhanced software development capabilities and overall product quality to compete in the global market. InternetSince China sent out the first email 'Across the Great Wall we can reach every corner in the world' on 20 September 1987, the diffusion of the Internet in China has grown in parallel with the development and expansion of the overall telecom infrastructure. China has become the world’s second largest Internet user country with an estimated 162 million users behind the US with 211 million users. In addition, at the end of June 2007, China had 67 million Internet connected computers and over 1.3 million websites. The total bandwidth to the world reached 312,346Mbps with annual growth rate of 45.8 per cent.Although China’s Internet industry has achieved significant growth, the penetration is still very low at 12.3 per cent, as compared with the global average of 17.6 per cent. There is clear 'unequitable' access to the Internet between urban and rural areas with 21.6 per cent as compared to 5.1 per cent respectively.ADSL, dial-Up and wireless (including mobile phone access) are the three key access methods of accessing the Internet in China. Broadband SIOs have grown very quickly. As at December 2007, broadband users reached 122 million, the largest user country in the world, with a penetration rate of 17.5 per cent. In 2007, 30 per cent of the new broadband users were from rural areas. In addition, there are also 20.2 million dial-Up users.The key applications for Internet users in China are searching for news, instant messaging, and entertainment (music, video and games). There has been a growing trend of e-commerce related activities including net-shopping, travel booking, online stock market trading and banking. It is expected e-commerce related applications and services will become one of the key growth areas in the future.Although there has been increasing trend of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Internet- related infrastructure, applications and services such as Internet Service Providers (ISPs), Application Service Provider (ASPs), and Internet Content Provider (ICPs) are yet to open up to foreign providers, and there are strict content management and approval processes in place to ensure that the Internet is used to enhance social responsibility and harmony. The challenges facing China’s Internet industry include:• Equitable access to the Internet between urban and rural areas to break the 'digital divide'. • Level of information and technology knowledge among small to medium enterprises. • Overall quality and applications of the Internet, to improve the productivity and be more competitive on the global market. • Integration of information and communication technologies within all industry sectors.OpportunitiesThe development of China’s ICT industry provides opportunities in a number of areas, which include the following:• Telecommunications infrastructure o 3G/4G wireless communications o IP based technologies o Rural telecommunications o Network integration and billing• Value Added Services o e-Learning o Entertainment o Mobile applications• E-Commerce o Online payment and mobile payment o e-Security o Integrated logistics application and management• Industry application o Telematics o Remote metering o Geo-spatial application o Environment and clean technology applications o Finance and banking o Security o Digital content• New Technologies and applications and materials o IPTV o New digital audio systems o Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) o Nanotechnologies o Energy efficiency materialsTariffs, regulations and customsTariffs for ICT products and services vary depending on the category classification and what level of Chinese indigenous component is included. Certain ICT products exported to China are subject to China Compulsory Certification, known as 3CCC certification. As a result of China's commitments for accession into the WTO, China has applied zero tariffs to 256 categories of ICT products. To determine the exact category and the level of tariffs applied, if any, it is recommended that experienced customs brokers specialised in ICT products are consulted. Marketing your products and servicesMarket entryDepending upon your company’s situation and strategic direction, there are various vehicles that can be utilised for entry into the Chinese ICT market. These include: • Wholly owned foreign enterprises (WOFEs) • Joint ventures (JVs) • Value added resellers (VARs) • DistributorsA new and emerging type of entry vehicle, Virtual Entry, has been utilised by many small and medium (SME) companies. A Chinese domain name is registered with all the content translated into the local language, however, operations are conducted offshore in the home country. Each vehicle requires a different set of requirements and investment strategies.The Chinese Government’s aim is to become more transparent in awarding large projects. A public tender is normally published via media inviting Expression of Interests from interested and suitable companies. In some circumstances, foreign companies find it useful to form a partnership with suitable local companies to promote awareness of their capabilities. Establishing good relationships with key stakeholders are vital so that a company can be in a better position to access information and prepare a submission. However, many other projects are done via local network. In these circumstances it is often necessary to work with a local partner with a similar industry capability and background. If your products or applications do not require local modification and are 'plug and play', you may sell your products and services via a local distributor. This can occur once customs import procedure is cleared and passes through relevant network-access tests if applicable. If your products and applications require localisation, translation, further development and local integration, then a local service integrator needs to be engaged. This can be done via a joint venture partner or a service contractor, prior to selling to the end users, especially in financial and other sensitive categories.In most of the cases, except games and English language learning applications, it is most likely that your products and applications will have to be 'localised' to suit the local market environment. This is especially important for accounting, intelligent transportation systems, finance and banking, and security applications.Registration of a company is relatively easy in China once you meet all the requirements. Different company structures require different start-up capital funding. There can be regional variations to company registration requirements. It is recommended that you research well and consult widely before making a final investment decision. 刚才算了一下，大概是1700多字

幼儿英语论文1500

小学英语 教育 教学有其特殊性，要以激发学生的学习兴趣为出发点，根据少年 儿童 的 兴趣 爱好 选择教学内容和 教学 方法 ，安排教学活动。下面是我给大家推荐的小学英语教育论文，希望大家喜欢!小学英语教育论文篇一 《论小学英语教学策略》 摘要：小学英语教学有其特殊性，要以激发学生的学习兴趣为出发点，根据少年儿童的兴趣爱好选择教学内容和教学方法，安排教学活动。要建立科学的教学评价体系，评价的主要目的是激发学生的学习兴趣，评价形式应以形成性为主。 关键词：英语教学;教学类型;教学途径;评价体系 英语是基础教育阶段的必修课程。根据教育部的要求，我国基础教育阶段从小学三年级开设英语课。随着小学英语课的逐步推广，关于小学英语教学方面的讨论和研究正在不断地深入。本文依据教育部新制订的英语课程标准，结合对当地小学英语教学现状的调查分析，就小学英语教学策略方面的有关问题作一探讨。 一、对小学英语教学类型的认识 一个时期以来，关于“小学英语课怎么开”的讨论，很多问题归结于英语教学在我国是外语教学(TEFL)还是二语教学(TESL)的分歧[1]。不弄清这两种教学类型的区别，将会给英语课程标准的制定、教学模式的选择、教师的培养等一系列工作带来混乱，使我们的英语教学走弯路。英语作为二语教学是指在有语言环境的条件下 学习英语 ，例如，中国人在英语国家 留学 、工作、生活，为了融入当地社会而学习英语。然而，我们的学生在国内学习英语，他们的语言环境是汉语而不是英语，所以，英语是作为外语来学习的。根据心理语言学的原理，儿童学母语可以自然习得，借鉴儿童学习母语的 经验 ，二语也能习得。 而我国学生把英语作为外语学习，缺少语言环境，这是事实。由于外语教学和二语教学类型的不同，必然导致教学模式和教学方法的不同。但是，由于教学的内容都是英语，所以，教学理念和教学方法又是相通的，这就要求我们既要搞清楚英语教学类型的区别，又要借鉴和吸收各种教法的长处，采取符合我国国情、适合不同教学对象的教学法。有人提出二语教学采用直接法，外语教学采用认知法，这种提法就存在片面性、简单化的问题。直接法的特点是把学习外语和儿童学习母语的过程等同起来，认为外语要在自然情境中习得，教学中要求在外语和客观事物之间建立直接联系，广泛利用实物、图画、动作、游戏等直观手段，用外语讲解，基本不用母语，少讲语法。 直接法从口语入手，听说领先，注重模仿、朗读和熟记等实践练习，有助于培养学生的语言习惯和听说能力。听说法、视听法、交际法都源于直接法，这些教法对我国中小学英语教学都有一定的影响。但是，以直接法为主的教学，要求有语言环境、高水平的师资和班额小等条件，由于目前我国多数小学还不具备这些条件，因此，影响了英语教学的成效。认知法从学生已知的知识出发，重视人的思维作用，强调在理解语言知识和语言规则的基础上操练外语，注重语法学习和利用母语，反对单纯依靠机械操练来培养语言习惯。 认知法认为，学生学习外语时，母语的知识、概念和规则必然会迁移到外语学习中去，从而促进外语学习，因此，教学中利用母语是理所当然的。认知法还认为口语和书面语同等重要，教学中不必听说领先，而是听说读写齐头并进，全面训练。教学中强调以学生为中心，重视培养学生的良好学习动机和 学习态度 ，充分调动他们学习的积极性，发展智力，掌握科学的 学习方法 ，形成可持续发展的语言能力。由于认知法有不少优点，加之我国的英语教学缺乏直接法教学的语言环境和教学条件，因此，认知法在我国中、小学英语教学中使用较为普遍。目前，我国的英语教学无论是在大学、中学，还是小学都属于外语教学类型，而不属于二语教学类型。但就教学法而言，却不能一概而论，同一类型的英语教学也会有各种不同的教学法，这要因不同的教学对象而异。 例如，在高中、大学阶段，学生的思维理解能力强，并且有一定的语言知识基础，采用以认知法为主的教学方法，可以收到较好的效果。如果忽视成年学生学习外语的特点，完全照搬儿童习得母语的方法，会给外语教学带来不必要的困难。而在小学阶段开设英语课，就有其特殊性，这一时期的学生还处在少年儿童时期，从生理和心理特征看，他们年龄小，好说好动，模仿能力强，口齿伶俐，发音器官可塑性较大，因此，在教学中，完全可以借鉴幼儿习得母语的经验，运用直接法。小学英语教师在教学中要尽量使用直观教具，尽量创造英语环境，激发学生的学习兴趣;要重视语音、语调和口语教学，注重模仿、朗读和熟记等实践练习，培养学生的语言习惯，为他们今后的学习打好基础。 二、对实施英语课程标准的认识 国家教育部于2001年制订了《全日制义务教育、普通高级中学英语课程标准》(以下简称《标准》)，该《标准》将中、小学英语课程目标设定为九个级别，其中规定从小学三年级起开设英语课，六年级结束时应达到二级要求。《标准》对语言知识、语言技能、情感态度、学习策略和 文化 意识五个方面都提出了具体标准[2](P9-27)。如何贯彻执行《标准》，保证教学质量，是广大小学英语教师面临的重要问题。下面遵照《标准》的要求，结合小学英语教学现状加以探讨。 (一)培养学习兴趣是小学英语教学的关键 《标准》中特别强调培养和激发学生学习英语的兴趣，使他们对 英语学习 有持续的兴趣和爱好。兴趣是最好的老师，对初学英语的小学生来说，对英语学习的好奇和兴趣是他们学习的欲望和动力。因此，小学英语教学要以激发学生学习兴趣为出发点，根据少年儿童的兴趣爱好选择教学内容和教学方法，安排教学活动，努力营造轻松愉快的教学氛围和学习环境，吸引学生积极主动地参与学习活动。《标准》倡导“任务型”的教学途径，以学生“能做某事”的方式设定教学目标要求，教师应避免单纯传授语言知识的教学方法，要结合教学内容，创造性设计贴近学生实际的教学活动。课堂教学要情景化、交际化，教师要尽可能利用各种直观手段，如实物、模型、图画、录音、录像、动作、手势、表情等进行教学，形象直观，生动活泼，有助于吸引学生的注意力，激发他们的兴趣，有助于帮助学生直接理解所学内容。要尽量多给学生提供参加语言交际的机会，只有交际化的教学才能使学生感到所学内容有趣。课堂活动既要适合学生的年龄、能力、兴趣，又要使他们感到一定的挑战，满足他们的竞争意识和成就感，维持学习的兴奋点。要尽量采用“玩、演、视、听、唱、画”等活动形式，让学生通过参与、感知、实践、体验和合作等方式，实现任务目标，感受成功，以形成积极的学习态度，促进语言运用能力的提高。课堂教学的组织者是教师，一堂英语课的成功取决于教师对教学活动的精心设计和组织，这对教师的专业基本功和教学技能提出了较高的要求。 (二)科学的评价体系是实现课程目标的重要保障 教学评价是英语课程的重要组成部分，科学的评价体系是实现课程目标的重要保障。但目前的评价体系往往把考试成绩作为衡量学生学习优劣的惟一依据，忽视对学生学习过程的评价[3](P7)。《标准》中注意小学英语教学评价的特殊性，提出小学英语教学评估的主要目的是激励学生学习的兴趣和积极性，评价形式应具有多样性和可选择性，评价应以形成性评价为主，以学生平时参与各种教学活动的表现和合作能力为主要依据[2](P39)。所谓形成性评价就是采用与平时教学活动相近的方式，通过对学生学习行为的观察以及与学生交流等方式，考查学生用英语做事情的能力。这样的评价是对学生的学习进行的持续评价，它伴随着学习过程进行，目的是向师生提供学习状态和过程的反馈信息，从而调节教与学的活动。形成性评价既关注结果，又关注过程，使对学习过程和对学习结果的评价达到和谐统一。它除了评价知识、技能等可以量化的方面外，还可以评价兴趣、态度、策略、合作精神等不可量化的品质，评价结果以等级加评语的形式来表达。这样的评价可以在一种开放的、宽松的、友好的、非正式的环境中进行，是一种低焦虑的评价方式，有益于学生认识自我，树立信心，有助于学生 反思 和调控自己的学习过程。那么上述评价形式如何操作实施呢?以下方式仅供参考。 1.建立学习档案。学习档案是展示每一个学生在学习过程中所做的努力，取得的进步，以及反映学习成果的一个集合体。在学习档案里， 收藏 着每个学生具有代表性的学习成果(作业、作品)和反思 报告 。让学生自主选出比较满意的作品，可以督促学生经常检查他们所完成的作业，反思他们的学习方法和学习成果，培养他们学习的自主性和自信心。学习档案里记录着学生平时学习行为表现，如课堂参与朗读、答问、会话表演、游戏、比赛等情况，以及平时测验的评分和评语。学习档案为教师、家长提供了学生进步的记录，成为观察学生学习情况的窗口。 2.问卷调查。形成性评价的目的是向师生提供反馈信息，以便调节教与学的活动，因此，在期中和期末，可以设计一些问卷调查表来了解学生的学习情况，如设计出学习兴趣、学习态度、学习策略等方面的问题。通过调查，教师可以改进自己的教学，提高教学效率，也可以促使学生认识到自己学习中存在的问题，从而端正学习态度，掌握学习策略。 3.自评、互评与教师评价。每个单元结束后，对学习成绩进行自评、互评和师评，并记入档案。对每个单元教学内容分项列表，如单词、会话、歌谣、做游戏等项目，采用等级制评价，先由学生自己逐项评价，然后在小组中进行评价，最后由教师评价。这种方式是学生和教师共同参与，实现了评价主体的多元化，有利于学生从被动接受评价转变为评价的主体和积极参与者。 参考文献： [1]宋晓梦.“是二语教学，还是外语教学?”[N].光明日报，2001-03-29. [2]教育部.全日制义务教育、普通高级中学英语课程标准(实验稿)[Z].北京：北京师范大学出版社，2001. [3]张伟琴.“小学英语教学形成性评价初探”[J].中小学英语教学与研究，2002，(8)《天中学刊》 小学英语教育论文篇二 《论小学英语教育》 【摘 要】英语教学由于受种种条件的限制，大多数学生只是在课堂上接触英语，那么怎样才能提高英语课堂教学效率呢?笔者根据自己的教学工作经验，认为应从教师自身业务水平的提高和师生课堂教学的灵活互动上下功夫，从而激发学生的学习兴趣。兴趣是最好的老师，只有激发学生学习英语的兴趣，才能调动其主观能动性，才能向学好英语迈进，提高英语教学的效果。 【关键词】教学效率;音标教学法;兴趣 教师自身业务水平的提高是搞好教学活动的基础。但要搞好教学光靠教师自身素质的提高不行，对于教学来说，发挥学生的能动作用非常重要，在课堂上师生的灵活互动，激发学生学习兴趣，才能有效的提高教学效率。那么如何使教学效率提高呢?结合我自身的教学实践，我认为要做到以下几点： 一、发音永远第一位! ――在课堂中巧妙运用音标教学和手势教学 (一)把音标涉入课堂能使英语课堂活跃起来，尤其做到避免枯燥的单词教学。课堂授课就生动，学生就肯学，愿学。因为每个音标都让人觉得生动有趣。如在教授音【i】时，我会给他取个好听的外号为“经典收小腹减肥短‘衣’音，既经常出现的短元音。”手势：手掌在空中，手背向外，手心向里，向自己的方向挥动。挥动的同时，小腹部向里收。【au】的外号为“‘鬼哭狼嚎’合口双元音”，手势：手臂向里画一个大圈。 (二)掌握先进的教学理论，努力学习教学法。明白英语的五大发音规则：1.长元音要长;2.短元音要短，急促有力;3.双元音要饱满;4.省略;5.咬舌头。它可以给教学带来无穷的力量。 二、优化师生关系 师生关系是以“传道、授业、解惑”为中介而形成的一种特殊的社会关系，良好、协调、一致的师生关系是有效进行教育活动、完成教育任务的必要条件。教师应一视同仁，做到严格要求优等生，提携中等生，倾斜学困生，帮他们学会学习，树立自信心。 三、通过开发学生的 创新思维 来激发学生学习兴趣 第一、营造氛围、激发创新思维及想象空间。培养学生的创新思维，要在课堂上创设一种平等、民主、和谐、宽松的氛围，要尊重学生、关心学生、赏识学生，要以积极的态度和发展的眼光去看待学生，相信每个学生都有巨大的发展潜能。 第二、在语言实践的情景中创新。教师应努力为学生创设语言实践的情景，抓住课文中的重点句型，精心设计练习，引发学生的求知欲望，激发学生的学习兴趣，让学生在运用语言的过程中及时把课文语言转化为自己的语言。 教师可以利用插图来创设情景，培养学生的创新精神。插图是语言的形象再现，语言是插图的理性表述。例如，在练习句型“What is it like?”时，教师可以出示一幅图，图中有两个小朋友在对话，其中一个手里拿着一支长的、蓝色的铅笔。请学生根据图画的内容编一段对话。学生会运用所学过的知识，编成各种对话。反之，也可以让学生根据一段对话或小短文来画画。 第三、在小组合作中创新。教师可以在教学中采取小组合作的方法，让学生在合作中动脑、动手、动口。通过小组学习，给爱动、爱玩的小学生提供了一个自主参与表现的机会，并且使学生拓展了思维，提高了创新能力。 四、运用现代化教学手段来激发学生学习兴趣 第一、利用各种教学媒体，激“活”教科书，让学生更易理解接受。利用电教器材如TV、VCD、电脑、录像等，让教科书“活”起来、动起来、形象起来、发出声来，让“活”的教科书震撼学生的心灵、开发学生的智力，培养学生的创新能力。 第二、重视学生的主体地位，发扬教学民主，创设和谐气氛，增强学生的参与意识，让学生在课堂中“活”起来。 一是诱发学习动机、激发学习兴趣。学生的学习活动总是由一定的学习动机引起的，只有当学生喜欢学、要求学，有迫切的学习愿望时，才能自觉积极地投入到学习活动中去。二是树立学生的自信心与勇气，增强学生的参与意识。英语的教学特色是充分发挥其语言功能，讲究对话的艺术，这就要求全体主动参与，克服羞于开口的毛病，积极开展语言交际活动。三是发扬民主，营造和谐气氛，让学生动起来。心理学家告诉我们，爱动是孩子的天性。将“动中学，学中动”有机结合，使学生动脑、动口、动眼、动耳、动手以及动表情，以最佳心理状态投入到学习中去。 五、培养学生良好学习习惯 (一)良好的听的习惯。要求认真听示范发音，听清后再模仿。学习英语是从"听"起步的。“听”是“说”的前提，没有“听”就无从模仿“说”。只有听得清，听得懂，才能说得准，说得好。 (二)良好的说的习惯。要求大胆开口说英语、音量适度、仪表大方。积极参加语言实践活动，大胆开口说英语，是英语学习所必需的。 (三)良好的写的习惯。要求书写姿势、方法正确，斜体行书规范书写，大小写、笔顺、标点符号和格式正确。教师要继续坚持不懈地抓好单词、 句子 、段、篇的书写及标点符号的正确使用，切实做到英文书写规范，使学生养成良好的写的习惯。 六、扮演角色，进行会话表演 把表演带进课堂或经常在课堂上把句型、对话、课文编成短剧，让学生表演，把讲台变成舞台，学生是演员，教师是导演，或师生共同表演。尽量让学生把所学内容，按设定的情景结构演出来，做到声情结合，使学生得到大量的听说机会。做好会话表演教师应注意四点：1.要让学生模仿原声带中的语音、语调。2.老师领读时声音、语调要有感情色彩，要把各个角色的性格、特点淋漓尽致地表现出来。3.随着情节的发展，要有逼真表情和贴切的动作，使学生有身临其境之感。4.要做些头饰之类的简单道具;尽量使学生在表演时更有真实感。 【参考文献】 [1]胡春洞，张思中.《教学法与交际法之差异》(上下).《中小学外语教学法》，1996年 [2]张正东.《外语教学技巧新论》.科学出版社，1999年 [3]贾冠杰.《外语教育心理学》.广西教育出版社，2003年 [4]李阳.《疯狂英语》.口语教学 [5]吴效锋.《新课程怎样教》.沈阳出版社，2002年 [6]提高农村小学英语教学质量的策略.基础教育研究.2006/02，中国期刊全文数据库 [7]农村小学英语教学的忧与思.湖南教育.2004/19，中国期刊全文数据库 [8]农村小学英语教学的几点做法.吉林教育.2005/04，中国期刊全文数据库 [9]克服困难，提高农村小学英语教学水平.天津教育.1999/10，中国期刊全文数据库 小学英语教育论文篇三 《英语游戏在小学英语教育中的运用》 一、小学英语游戏教学的特点 (一)游戏的竞争性 游戏教学一般具有竞争性，学生在游戏过程中可以相互竞争，相互学习，从而认识到自身学习上的不足，找到更科学的学习方法，以提升英语学习水平。教师在进行英语游戏时可以采用竞赛的方式，以提升学生参与游戏的积极性，在游戏中掌握更多英语知识，从而达到游戏课堂教学目标。比如教师可以采用英语词汇接龙的游戏来增加学生的单词储备量，让他们学习更多的英语词汇，并在游戏竞争中享受背单词的快乐，以满足不同小学生的英语学习需求。 (二)游戏的愉悦性 游戏可以给人带来快乐，因此具有一定的愉悦性。小学生他们一般对周围的事物充满好奇，喜欢在游戏中进行相关知识的学习，所以英语教师可以抓住孩子们的这一心理特点，制定出有效的游戏教学方法，以提升学生的英语学习兴趣。比如教师在为学生讲解如“pencil”、“ruler”、“pen”等单词时，就可以采用舞台表演的游戏方式，让学生分别扮演这些事物，然后进行相应的对话，让学生在游戏中提升 英语口语 表达能力，同时也能够使其感受到游戏带来的乐趣。在这样的教学中可以使小学英语课堂更加丰富，激发孩子们参与英语课堂游戏的热情，从而学习到更多英语知识，最终达到小学英语游戏教学目标。 (三)游戏的方法性 小学英语教师在进行游戏教学时应该要掌握一定的方法，这样才可以满足不同学生的英语学习需求，提高他们对英语知识的认识。教师。在教学过程中需要了解学生的心理，能够运用灵活的方法来实现相关教学，同时也要具备较高水平的语言技巧，可以在课堂上抓住孩子们的兴趣爱好，从学生角度出发，使其课堂内容更加丰富多样。学生在参与英语游戏时，也要掌握一定的方法，配合老师与其他同学来完成游戏，在游戏中享受英语带来的快乐。 二、英语游戏在小学英语教学中的应用方法 (一)做好英语游戏课前准备 教师在进行英语游戏教学时，首先应该要做好准备工作，这样才能使课堂效率更高，教师也可以及时应对游戏过程中的突发事件，从而达到课堂教学目标。游戏课堂设置时会涉及到比较多的内容，因此教师需要做好充分的准备工作，这样不仅能够保障课堂教学质量，也可以带动学生参与游戏的热情，帮助学生找到 英语学习方法 。在进行准备时，教师要及时了解小学生们的知识水平，还要来掌握他们知识接受能力，并有针对性的制定游戏教学策略，以满足不同学生的学习需求。在做游戏准备时，教师还要积极从生活中寻找素材，使英语更贴近学生的生活。 (二)制定更符合小学生的游戏方式 小学生接受新生事物的能力比较快，教师在进行英语教学时应该要制定出更符合其学习的游戏方式，这样可以提高他们对英语知识的认识，最终达到小学英语课堂教学目标。要想制定更符合小学生的游戏方式，首先需要教师从英语教材出发，结合教学内容来设计更合理的游戏，比如在讲解英语介词用法时，则可以采用归纳 总结 游戏方式进行，让每一位学生都去搜集一些介词的用法，然后大家相互交流、共同总结，从而加深介词使用的印象，提高英语课堂的教学效率。其次教师要结合英语课程特点进行游戏设计，可以将英语课程分为不同阶段，由简到难，逐渐推进，使得课堂知识更加条理，降低学生的英语学习难度。最后教师要做好与学生的交流工作，及时了解学生的英语学习状况，然后制定出更适合的游戏方式，以提高学生的英语知识水平，满足学生的实际学习需求。 (三)创设相应的游戏教学情景 在进行游戏教学时，教师应该要为学生创建相应的教学情景，学生通过情景从而可以更好地认识和学习英语知识，降低他们的英语学习难度。在为学生创建游戏情景时，教师可以结合实际状况来进行，比如在学习有关水果的单词时，教师就可以为学生展示一些实际的水果，然后可以让学生模拟商场的情景来询问价格、卖水果。 (四)丰富英语课外活动形式 小学英语教师要想保证游戏课堂教学质量，还需要不断丰富英语课外活动形式，引导学生认识到英语知识的重要性，并在课下积极练习，从而提升其英语学习效率。大多数小学生由于课下缺乏英语学习环境，使得他们英语应用能力较差，容易出现“哑巴英语”，在这样的状况下，教师应该要丰富学生的英语课外活动形式，让学生有更好的学习环境，以达到英语教学目标，满足学生的实际学习需求。 三、结语 综上所述，小学英语教师在进行教学时应该要将游戏融入其中，从而丰富英语课堂内容，让小学生感受到英语知识的魅力，从而提高学习英语的积极性。教师在游戏教学过程中需要掌握较为科学的方法，加强与学生的沟通交流，从小学生角度出发，让游戏更加生动富有情趣，同时也可以降低孩子们学习英语的难度。因此在今后的英语课堂上，教师应该要做好游戏教学准备，给予学生更多的学习空间，满足小学生实际学习需求。 参考文献： [1]谢小洁.浅析教育游戏在小学英语教学中的应用[J].学周刊,2013,02:161. [2]尤南.游戏在小学英语教学课堂实践中的应用研究[J].才智,2014,30:54~55.

幼儿教师论文

在学习和工作中，大家都不可避免地会接触到论文吧，论文写作的过程是人们获得直接经验的过程。相信许多人会觉得论文很难写吧，下面是我为大家收集的幼儿教师论文，欢迎阅读与收藏。

题目： 大班授课环境下对大学英语教师专业化发展的要求

摘 要： 大班授课是我国英语教学的主要方式，面对着多样化的学生和大的授课环境，对大学英语教师的专业化发展就需要有深刻和全面的要求。提升大学英语教师的专业文化水平对大堂英语授课起着关键作用。本文主要讨论在大堂授课环境下，大学英语教师的专业化发展。

关键词： 大班授课; 大学英语教师; 专业化发展

一、引言

大班教学不论是从基础教学开始还是到高级教学，是我国英语教学的主要“国情”之一。班级大，学生多，对教师是个极大的挑战。这种现象在大学英语授课中尤为突出，教师的教学对象存在种种差异: 学生二语认知能力的不同，语言习得能力的差异，学习动机，学习态度和学习兴趣的迥异等等。面对这些差异，对授课教师来说既是挑战，又是提高和锻炼教学能力的有力实练场。从学生角度，授课教师要善于与学生沟通，及时和学生进行交流; 从教学角度，要善于分析，勤于钻研，勇于交流，通过教学和情感渠道多方面发掘学生的潜能，全面开发，个个击破。

这就对大学英语教师的专业化发展有更深刻和更全面的要求。所以，教师必须把专业化发展和授课环境紧密联系起来，做到真真实实的教育为学生，教育为发展。

二、大学英语教师专业化发展

教师专业化是指教师在从事的教育事业中，通过专业训练和不断的学习，逐步获取教育专业的知识与技能，并且在教育实践中不断提高自身的教育素质，从而成为合格的专业教育工作者的过程。也就是说新教师通过岗前培训，从经验不足的新手逐渐成长为具有专业知识、专业技能和专业态度的专业的成熟的教师以及在整个教学生涯中持续专业发展的过程。它是国际教育发展的趋势，因此对于教授国际通用语言的大学英语教师而言，促进专业化发展就有更加深刻和持久的意义。

在社会发展如此迅猛，信息飞速多元化的社会环境中，面对着多样化的学生以及活跃的头脑，大学英语教师既要让学生掌握语言知识和技巧，让学生在学习过程中获取文化、社会和生活等等多方面的信息，又要在一个大的课堂环境中，掌握和了解所授学生的个性和共性，在重视整体，兼顾个人的教学过程中适应每个不同的班级的特点。因此就要求大学英语教师不仅有具有扎实优秀的专业知识，也要具备成熟合理的职业教学技能和本领，又要具备随时搜寻、学习和掌握新的专业知识，教学技能和教学理念的能力，这就使得大学教师在大班授课这样一个教学环境，必须不断发展自我，填充自我，更新自我以及开放自我。虽然这是一个长久而持续的任务，但对教学发展有着重要的促进作用。

三、大学英语大班授课环境的问题

1、教学对象的差异性大

由于学生数量众多，在语言基础，学习动机，学习兴趣，对知识的接受程度和自身的学习能力上都这诸多的不同，水平参差不齐，就造成了学生对新知识接受的程度也不同，使得大多数教师在备课和授课时难以把握授课内容的强度和进度以及授课的方式，使得课堂教学不能满足学生多样化的学习需求。

2、师生间的交流互动不强

在大班授课环境中，学生人数众多，教学过程中人均发言的机会自然相应减少，再加之大多数学生的被动性格，使得语言实践的机会也随之减少。课堂上偏向大量的知识输入的过程，对语言输出的机会和实践有着限制，这对学生的第二语言综合能力的培养和发展有不利的影响。

3、对学生个体的关注程度少

班级学生数量众多，在授课过程中教师不肯能给予学生同等的关注机会，导致有些学生在课堂上的学习压力减少，注意力不集中，学生容易走神，学习效果不明显，这就逐渐打消的学生学习的积极性和兴趣。其次，学生数量多使得教师在作业批改过程中感到力不从心，如果只选一部分改，有些学生从心里上会对老师产生失落感，觉得老师对他缺乏关注，也会使学生的学习积极性和兴趣减弱或丧失。

四、大班英语授课环境对英语教师专业化的要求

1、提高专业能力

对于大学英语教师来说，要在大堂授课环境下有质量的授课就必须提高自身的专业能力。这其中包括提高自身本专业知识和课堂教学知识，也就是说教师一方面要在所授专业上不断的充实，丰富自己; 另一方面也要教学理念上不断钻研和学习。

面对着众多思想活跃，头脑开放，对教师个方面都要求比较高的学生，大学英语教师首先有扎实的语言基本功，这是进行语言教学的基础，准确优美流畅的语音语调可以给学生创造学习动力，良好的听说读写技能和坚实的英语基础为学生的英语学习起了引导和指导的作用，让学生在正确的方式下进行语言习得。

此外，英语虽然是一门语言课程，但它承载了丰厚的文化，因此要把语言这门课程教的好教的精彩的话，就要提升自己本国和西方的文化修养。在教授语言知识的同时加入对文化的对比和理解，这对大班授课的学生来说，在扩展学生文化视野的同时也激发了学习语言的兴趣。作为高校的大学英语教师来言，应在内心树立起不断提高和改进自己的语言运用能力的水平以及对中西方文化的深入理解，从而在教学上有效的指导学生对语言知识的理解和运用。

2、掌握各个学科知识和多媒体教学能力

大班授课下的学生专业不同，知识背景也不同，为了更好的了解学生，与学生沟通，大学英语教师应适当的的了解一些所受专业学生学习的专业知识，以便进行更有效的课堂交际。一方面给可以提高教师在一些其他知识领域的扩展，另一方面也容易和学生形成和谐融洽的师生关系，为教师和学生间的沟通起到了桥梁的作用。

随着计算机技术广泛英语于教学领域，计算机多媒体辅助教学可以使英语课堂更加生动活泼，吸引学生的注意力，激发学生的学习兴趣，是教师专业化的体现。教师还可以根据授课内容和学生的需求对课堂运作进行灵活的调节，以适应学生的多种需求。信息技术在课堂上的作用已经得得到越来越多的教学肯定，教师在提高自身网络技术应用的能力的同时，也要把握好怎么才能制作出符合自己教学目的，教学要求以及学生能够接受理解的课件。毕竟多媒体只是辅助教学，不能纯粹的依靠它进行大量的知识灌输，而是采用它使得教师的教学更多样化和趣味化。

3、适时的角色转换

授课对象众多，授课时间有限，不能在课堂上给学生提供更多展现和表现自己的机会，是大班授课环境对学生的一大限制，这就导致授课教师在授课过程中对知识的输入过程占据了课堂的大部分时间，而给予每个学生展示的机会就相应减少，使得学生在课堂上丧失积极性，注意力分散，学习效果下降。为了创造有效的教学环境，教师要扮演好自己的角色，根据学生的特点，采用分组讨论，个人展示，分配任务等不同的课堂实施办法，对于积极的学生给予机会表现，对于害羞的学生给予鼓励、肯定和支持，发挥和发掘每个学生的特色。因此这就提高了教师的授课要求，教师在不断尝试，不断学习，积极总结中找到适合自身和学生的教学法，促进了教师专业化的发展。

4、积极的教学反思

反思教学是指在教学中，授课者凭借教学经验，对教学过程中得问题进行的回忆、思考和评价等一系列的反思，研究并找出解决问题的办法的一种过程。对教师来说，只有经过反思，经验增长到一定的高度，对后继行为才能产生影响。没有反思的经验是狭隘的`肤浅的，只能形成肤浅的知识。

反思教学有助于教师实践理论的形成，使教师拥有能适应教学变化，具有自身特色的知识体系。因此对于大班授课环境下的教师来说，反思就有更深刻的意义。它可以使教师重视解决教学中的实际问题。大班环境下，学生特点不一，对知识的接受程度也存在差异，就要求教师在教学过程中不断反思、学习、总结。教学反思在促进课堂授课质量，改进授课方法的同时，促进教学的创新和发现问题，研究问题，解决问题的能力，促进教师专业的发展。

五、总结

英语大班授课环境对英语教师来说既是对自我的挑战，又是提高自身学科专业和教学技术的有力平台。处于这个复杂条件下，英语教师就要从自身负责，从学生角度出发，促进在专业和教学上的不断持续发展。以授课环境促进教师专业化发展，又以教师专业化发展改进和提高教学质量，构建和谐的学习环境。

参考文献：

[1]教育部高等教育司. 大学英语课程教学要求[M]. 外语教学与研究出版社，2007.

[2]刘润清. 外语教学中的科研方法[M]. 外语教学与研究出版社，1999.

[3]束定芳. 外语教学改革问题与对策[M]. 上海外语教育出版社，2004.

[4]熊川武. 说反思性教学的理论与实践[J]. 上海教育科研，2002，( 05) .

[5]王黎明. 外语教师面临角色的挑战[J]. 教育探索，2006，( 03) .

[6]武尊民. 第二语言课堂的反思性教学导读[M]. 外语教学与研究出版社，2000.

【摘要】

社会的迅速发展推动了教育事业发展，特别是对音乐教学提出了新的要求，音乐不仅是人们日常生活中必不可少的情感活动而且是个体自然与生命的展现，也就是说音乐教学是生命教学不可或缺的部分，是实现生命教学的重要途径。音乐教学和生命教学的有效融合有促进促进个体追求与向往精神生命意识的培养与提升，特别是幼儿园音乐教学更需要融合生命教学，但在实际发展中还存在一定的问题，一些幼儿园音乐教学疏忽了音乐教学中的生命意蕴。所以，本文主要就幼儿园音乐教学中的生命意蕴进行了分析与探讨。

【关键词】

幼儿园；音乐教学；生命意蕴

前言

音乐不仅是人类生活不可或缺的部分，而且是人类不可或缺的情感活动；音乐性则不仅是人的本能，而且是人类的获取性遗传。而教学除了可以传承人类生活良好经验，还可以引导个体为了完成“完满地生长”，不断发掘自身潜力、超越现实与实现自我。从这个意义而言，教育基于对“可能生活”的创造，进而提升生命质量。幼儿园音乐教学除了是一种独特的艺术化生活模式，还是教育与引导幼儿生命发展的重要过程，所以创造充分活力的生命开展空间，促进幼儿生命成长的实现就是幼儿园音乐教学中生命意蕴的基础内涵。

一、幼儿园音乐教学中存在的问题

1、专业知识和技能教授对审美体会的挤占。音乐艺术意义深远，其具备自身独特性，也就是说在音律和数学体系基础上形成了音乐教学的知识技能体系传输和审美体系体验的功能。因此，音乐教学的有效开展离不开知识技能体系传输和审美体系体验的支持，基于此基础才可以更好地教育和指导幼儿的平衡和和谐统一。教学行政化对音乐教学有着直接影响，也就是说幼儿园音乐教学的理念中渗透了科学主义引导思想，过于强调对音乐知识与技能的讲解，轻视了音乐审美感受与体会的培养。

2、专业音乐教师审美引导能力不强。专业音乐教师不仅是音乐教学率领者而且是教学成果的有效保障。但是现阶段幼儿园中，一些专业音乐教师过于轻视音乐审美感受与体会的培养与提升，究其缘由，他们的审美引导能力不强，对音乐教学没有深刻了解，所以，幼儿的学习积极性不高。音乐教学理应具有共享与体验等元素，而并非死记硬背，归根结底，幼儿教学体系引进的具体化考核制度导致音乐教师的审美引导能力不被注重。

3、过于依赖多媒体。现阶段，网络技术发展较快，已广泛普及于人们生活中，多媒体教学逐渐成为未来教学的重要发展趋势，尽管多媒体教学获取了较好的教学成效，但归根结底它仅是辅助教育工具，难以满足音乐创作需求。但大部分教师没有深刻认识到这一点，他们往往过于依赖多媒体，这无疑影响了学生自主学习能力的提升。这些现象都说明：当前幼儿园教学背离了音乐教育本质，且过于重视音乐技能和音乐知识的讲解，轻视了人文精神和音乐教育本质的引导。

二、幼儿园音乐教学中的生命意蕴

首先，尊重幼儿个体参加音乐活动的生命感受及体验。音乐不仅是生命原发活动，而且是幼儿个体生命情感主要感受与体验方法，但情感体验则是所有幼儿个体特殊的生命合理运动过程，所以个体性理应得到幼儿园音乐教师的高度重视，并视为音乐教学的主要属性，这无疑要求音乐教学需要为幼儿个体创作生命表述的条件，注重基于相应方式鼓舞幼儿个体使用音乐方式表述情感，如即兴表演和噪音等方式，以更好地适应幼儿个体生命成长的实际需求。其次，发展幼儿主体间性。音乐其实属于一种文化创建活动，所以幼儿音乐教学需要适应幼儿个体的社会生命健康成长的实际需求，这无疑要求音乐教学需要将幼儿主体间性视作根本诉求，基于对幼儿个体和作品及他人之间多层次沟通平台的建立，促进幼儿不断打开自身生命世界，悦纳自我与他人，亲近社会和自然，达到内外生命的融洽。最后，培养幼儿热爱生活及向往自我超越的生命态度。音乐和生命同构，是幼儿生活不可或缺的部分，幼儿园音乐教学需要适应幼儿个体的精神生命健康成长的实际需求，所以培养幼儿追求超越自我的生命态度也是幼儿园音乐教学中的生命意蕴。幼儿园音乐教学需要打破技能练习的僵化格局，需要为幼儿提供敞开生命个体的各种通道，促使幼儿始终保持诗意道德与生命热情。

三、结论

总而言之，音乐是人们日常生活中不可或缺的部分，它紧密联系着生活，需要人们尽心感受与领悟，而不是单一的教化工具。有效融合幼儿园音乐教学和生命教学，有利于帮助幼儿树立正确的健康成长方向，也就是说幼儿园音乐教学中的生命意蕴至关重要，但一些幼儿园教师对音乐学习没有深刻的认识和了解，以及对音乐推动幼儿生命健康成长价值没有充分的把握和探索，进而影响了幼儿学习音乐的积极性。所以，改进与完善当前幼儿园教学中存在的问题、高度注重幼儿学习过程、创建高素质高技能幼儿音乐师资队伍尤为重要。

参考文献：

[1]崔红英.幼儿园音乐教育的生命意蕴[J].学前教育研究.2015(06).

[2]刘平.幼儿园音乐教学有效生成策略探析[J].科教文汇(中旬刊).2009(02).

摘要：

随着幼儿园规模的发展壮大，农村幼儿园的发展成为社会关注的热点问题，解决农村幼儿园发展中存在的问题成为现阶段农村幼儿园发展的重要内容。本文根据我国农村幼儿教育的发展现状提出了有关策略，希望对改善幼儿园的教学环境能够有所帮助。

关键词：

农村；幼儿教育；对策

一、我国农村幼儿教育的发展现状

1教学设备不健全农村经济较为落后，幼儿园经常会出现教学设备不健全等问题，不能为幼儿提供相应的运动场所，甚至有的幼儿园所有幼儿在一个教室中听课，教学效果可想而知。同时，处于幼儿阶段的幼儿需要通过动手的方式了解教师的教学内容，但是幼儿园没有相应的设备，导致教师不能有效开展教学活动。针对这种情况，幼儿园应该加大对幼儿园设备的资金投入，不断完善幼儿园的有关设备，为幼儿提供一个良好的学习环境。

2教育方法落后农村幼儿园在聘请教师的时候没有严格按照标准进行筛选，这就导致教师在教学过程中因个人专业素质较差不能有效掌握先进的教育教学方法，教师不能以良好的教学方法展开教学。针对这样的情况，幼儿园应该积极提高教师的个人素质，利用课余时间组织教师参加培训，提高教师的整体素质。

二、我国农村幼儿教育的发展对策

1、加大教学设备的资金投入，完善幼儿园的教学设备农村幼儿园存在的普遍问题就是教学设备不健全，教师不能依靠教学设备开展教学，这样就会导致教师的教学水平大大降低，幼儿不能积极参与。解决幼儿园的教学设备问题需要政府和幼儿园双方共同努力。

首先，政府应该加大对幼儿园的资金投入，完善农村幼儿园的补贴机制，这样就会有效避免幼儿园出现由于缺少资金而不能置办相应教学设备的问题，从而保证幼儿园的教学顺利实施。

其次，农村幼儿园应该申请政府补贴用于幼儿园的建设，同时在申请补贴之后确定专款专用制度，将这些钱用于幼儿园的基础设施建设上，避免出现幼儿园挪用政府资金补贴导致基础设施仍然十分落后的问题。幼儿园和政府通力合作能够有效提高幼儿园的基础设施建设水平，为幼儿营造一个良好的学习氛围。

2、完善培训机制，提高教师的教育教学水平幼儿园应该积极完善教师的培训机制，逐渐提高教师的教育教学水平，使教师的教育教学方法更加适应幼儿的发展特点。幼儿园完善有关的培训机制具体可以体现在以下几个方面。

一是幼儿园在教师入职之前就要对教师进行系统培训，这样不仅能够让教师掌握幼儿的发展特点，还能让教师对幼儿园的发展状况有所了解，最重要的是在入职之前对教师进行培训能够让教师掌握一定的教育教学方法，在教学的时候能够有效运用。

二是幼儿园应该经常组织教师参加定期培训，如可以将每周四定为教师的定期培训日，召集所有教师学习先进的教育教学方法；同时，教师可以将自己的教学心得进行交流。这样的培训方法能够有效提高教师的教学能力，还能让教师在交流过程中发现自己的错误，并在工作过程中及时改正自己的缺点，从而提高教师的教育教学水平。

三是幼儿园在全园范围内提倡赏识教育的教学理念，让教师在教育教学过程中充分使用赏识教育。组织教师参加专家讲座，使教师了解赏识教育的真正内涵，并将赏识教育充分运用到教育教学中。幼儿园通过组织教师参加入职培训、定期培训和赏识教育培训相结合的方式完善培训机制，提高教师的教育教学水平。

3、转变教师的教学方法，促进幼儿健康发展幼儿园教师在教学的时候存在的普遍问题就是没有按照幼儿的发展特点展开教学，只是从应试教育的角度教学有关内容，导致幼儿园逐渐演变成幼儿上小学之前的“小小学”，这样的状况不利于开发幼儿的智力和潜能。针对这样的情况，幼儿园应该积极转变教师的授课模式，让幼儿在游戏过程中了解知识，在游戏过程中提高自身的能力，这样更加符合幼儿的发展特点。同时这样的教学方法也满足了幼儿的情感需要。幼儿园教师在教学过程中实施游戏教学的方式，转变了传统的教学模式，促进幼儿健康发展。

三、结语

幼儿园可以通过加大对教学设备的资金投入，完善幼儿园的教学设备，完善培训机制，提高教师的教育教学水平，转变幼儿园教师的教学方法，促进幼儿健康发展等方式完善幼儿园的幼儿教育，为幼儿营造一个良好的发展环境。

大学英语论文1500字

【精品】大学英语作文集合9篇

在平时的学习、工作或生活中，大家最不陌生的就是作文了吧，作文是由文字组成，经过人的思想考虑，通过语言组织来表达一个主题意义的文体。那么一般作文是怎么写的呢？下面是我整理的大学英语作文9篇，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。

1. 描述漫画

As is vividly depicted in the cartoon given above, we can observe that… 或As is vividly shown in the picture, we can see that…… 或As we can see from the picture,…

2. 描述漫画本质/内涵

Apparently, the picture reflects/reveals that …… 或The cartoon informs us of the phenomenon that……

3. 出现的问题或现象的原因

We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. First,____. Second, ____. Third, _____. 或What contributed to these changes? I think the reasons are as follows. To start with, ④______. Secondly, ⑤______ . What’s more, ⑥ _______. Last but not least, ⑦________. Reasons for …… are in abundance.

或The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows. Firstly,____. Secondly, ____. Thirdly, _____.

或There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.

4. 提出措施/建议

Therefore, immediate measures should be taken to …. To begin with,…….. What’s more,……. Last but not least,……

或It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ...

或It is necessary that steps should be taken to ...

或To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ...

5. 收尾段

From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ... 或In conclusion, it is imperative that ...

或In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up. 或With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly. 或We might do more than identify the cause it is important to take actions to ... 或Taking all these into account, we ...

或Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...

或Given all the above factors, it is safe to reach the conclusion that …

或Taking into account all the above factors, it is reasonable to reach the conclusion that …

How to Lose Weight

A beautiful and healthy figure is everyone’s dream. However, not everyone can easily fulfill this dream. Overweight people often have to find precise ways to lose weight.

For normal healthy people, weight is gained by taking in more calories than the body needs. Therefore, if you want to lose weight, you either have to eat fewer calories or find ways to use up more calories you take in. Dieting is probably the most popular way of losing weight, because when on a diet, you are taking fewer calories.

However, the body needs many elements in order to stay healthy, and “fad” or starvation diets are bad because they are not nutritiously balanced. A better way of dieting is to keep track of everything you eat, either by your own careful choices or by buying, for a week at a time, the packaged meals sold by some diet companies. If you do not normally exercise, you should also begin sensible exercises for your age and lifestyle to help your body use up surplus calories.

In short, a combined effort of reducing the calories you eat and using up more calories than usual through exercises should help you shed off part of your body.

Sports are flourishing in china now. More and more people are willing to take part in sports of different kinds, such as table-tennis, football, volleyball, and so on. Every year there are many matches played on the city, provincial or national level. Sports are no longer limited to a few professional players. Early in the morning people may be seen doing exercise. Martial arts (like Chinese boxing or swordplay) which formerly were cultivated for self-defense, now have become a form of physical exercise and are practiced in parks, streets, gardens, or on campuses. In addition young and old people are also often seen running in order to build up their bodies. China promotes sports to enhance the physical condition of its people; she is formulating policies to provide encouragement of this activity. She awards prizes to the excellent players for the best records both in china and the world. In the world the Chinese have become a strong people instead of “the weaklings of East Asia”.

Students long to attend colleges or universities for various reasons. In my opinion, the most coMMon reasons are to prepare for a career, to have new experiences and learn to be independent.

Career preparation is becoming more and more important to young people. For many, this is the primary reason to go to college. They know that the job market is competitive and in order to be employed in the future they have to be well equipped with knowledge and skills.

Also, students go to colleges or universities to have experiences and learn to live on their own. Going to colleges often means having the opportunity to meet with different people from different parts of the country. They learn to communicate and co-operate with each other. For most students, we guess, it is the first time that they have been away from home. They are faced with many new situations and have to learn to solve them independently, making decisions on their own and dealing with various things themselves. So colleges and universities help them grow up.

Surely, colleges and universities become their first choice.

(185words）

As is known to all, dating is popular with college students. One opinion clarify that it is reasonable, but the other keep the opposite opinion. In my opinion, dating is acceptable in suitable case.

In colleges, the students are all adults. So, they have rights to built a romantic relationship in our country. College students have been strongly committed to studying hardly towards a successful carrer and therefore hesitant to date with their different sex or not. If the dating is supportive to their studies, it should be encouraged. In that case, they will do their best to finish the all aspects of their goals for the one they love, because they don’t want see that the other involved into frustration and disappointment. Of course, if the dating is only the burden, we should refuse to accept. When the dating take you up the most time and therefore you have no time to study, communication with your friends, take part in colorful activities and do other things, I think you will be deeply depraved and never gains during your college life.

In conclusion, the influence of dating between college students is versatile. Keep your eyes open between right and wrong, let’s make ourselves to be the masters of the future.

1) According to a recent study, 根据最近的一个研究

2) A recent survey indicates that . So some people take the view that . Others, however, don t think so. 最近一项调查表明 。所以有些人认为 ，而另一些人却不这样认为。

3) No one can deny the fact that , but 没有人能否认这一事实 ，但

4) A recent newspaper report on a survey among states that 最近一家报纸报道了在学生中间进行的一项调查，指出

5) One of the of is, and always has been, that 的乐趣之一，而且永远如此的，是

6) Somebody has offered a fascinating insight into the nature of 某人已对 的本质提出了有趣的深邃见解。

7) According to a major new study, conducted by , 根据 的一项新的研究，

8) One of the most striking things about sth. /sb. is that 关于某事/某人的最令人吃惊的事情之一是

9) Although the popular idea is that , a recent study shows that 虽然普遍的观点是 ， 但最近的一项研究显示

10) All scientific observations justify the view that 所有科学观察都证明 的`观点是正确的。

I have the same routine from Monday to Friday. I usually get up at five fifty. Then I have breakfast. At six thirty, I go to school. I don’t ride a bike. I go to school on foot. I have five lessons in the morning. I do morning exercises with my classmates after the second lesson. At eleven thirty, I go home for lunch. In the afternoon, I have three lessons. After class, we often have sports in the playground. At five, I go home. After supper, I do my homework. At about ten, I go to bed. I am happy every day.

what should children do in their spare time?

today children are often busier than adults, for they have to attend some classes such as dancing and art at weekends or in the holidays.

parents think that their children will benefit from such classes. firstly, with the development of today＇s society, competitionwill be more and more intense. so only the more versatile people will have bright prospects. secondly, children will not waste their time playing games. instead, they can gain some knowledge. moreover, such classes can broaden their horizons.

however, i do not agree with the parents. nowadays, many children have been deprived of their free time and become mechanical learners at the price of their own interest. i think children should have the rights to enjoy their childhood, and to play. in their spare time they can do what they want to do. gradually they will discover what they are interestedin and do their best in respective fields.

My dream college is the University of Arizona, which is a beautiful university located in a beautiful town, Tucson, Arizona. It is great place for sunlight. I love science. The optical science is ranked No.1 in the United States. And the communication major also is ranked No.1 in America. The campus is very beautiful and full with smiles on people's faces. They will say "Thank you" if you hold the door for them after you enter a building. The University of Arizona is a scenic spot for the traveller. There are lots of travellers, who are with their children, go the Student Union to taste fun of the college life and visit Main Library to feel the academic air. I also heard the Lunar Planetary Science College already had a cooperation with NASA and they will send an satellite to an asteroid, called 1999 RQ36. The mission is called OSIRIS-REx. Finally, BEAR DOWN, ARIZONA!

我梦想中的大学是亚利桑那大学，这是一所美丽的大学，位于Tucson亚利桑那州的一个美丽的小镇上。这是阳光的好地方。我爱科学。光学科学在美国排名第一。而通信专业也在美国排名第一。校园非常美丽，人们的脸上充满了笑容。进入大楼后，如果你为他们开门，他们会说“谢谢”。亚利桑那大学是旅行者的旅游景点。有许多旅行者和他们的孩子在一起，去学生会品尝大学生活的乐趣，参观图书馆，感受学术氛围。我还听说月球行星科学学院已经与美国航天局合作，他们将发送一个卫星，小行星1999 RQ36，称为。任务叫做奥西里斯雷克斯。最后，亚利桑那州！

【推荐】大学英语作文锦集10篇

在现实生活或工作学习中，大家都尝试过写作文吧，作文是由文字组成，经过人的思想考虑，通过语言组织来表达一个主题意义的文体。怎么写作文才能避免踩雷呢？以下是我精心整理的大学英语作文10篇，欢迎阅读与收藏。

Recently, I heard that one of my friends wanted to change his major after one-year learning because he found that he had no interest and motivation in learning this major. From my point of view, it is not wise to change major halfway.

最近，我听说我一个朋友说经过一年的学习后他想换专业，因为他发现他对现在这个专业没有任何的兴趣和动力。从我的角度来看，中途换专业是不明智的。

There are several disadvantages of changing major halfway. In the first place, changing major halfway means that we spend much time, energy and money in the last major but do not mastered the whole knowledge of that major yet. Second, changing major halfway needs a great resolution and we will face much pressure from others. Finally, changing major halfway may increase the burden of our family finance in that we need to spend another amount of money on another major. In addition, if we change our major halfway, we will lose a chance to find out our potential. Lack of persistence and willpower, we are difficult to be successful.

中途换专业有几点弊端。首先，中途换专业意味着我们要花更多的时间，精力和金钱在后面的专业上，却还不能全面的掌握该专业的知识。第二，中途换专业需要很大的决心而且我们要面临来自其他人的压力。最后，中途换专业可能会增加我们的家庭经济负担，因为我们需要花另外一大笔钱在另一个专业上。此外，如果我们中途换了专业，我们就会失去一个发现我们潜能的机会。缺乏毅力和意志力是很难成功的。

In short, it is not advocated that we change major halfway. Therefore, we had better take all aspects into consideration when we are choosing major so that we can avoid change major halfway. Once we choose a major, we should try our best to learn it better.

总之，不主张中途换专业。因此，在选择专业的时候我们最好全面考虑清楚，这样我们就可以避免中途换专业。一旦我们选择了一个专业，我们就应该尽最大努力把它学好。

4月15日，晴

多有趣啊!我去参加了一个英语角在我家附近的一个公园有很多学生这和公公婆婆正在客厅和外国友人在英语角。英语角成立三年前做出的。我认为,我们不仅可以练习说英语,而且还会使很多的外国朋友们我们谈论有趣的东西和交换了学习英语的经历,与对方。我提高了我的英语,因为我成了一名成员的英语角。

he Golden Week holidays in China has considerably promoted the development of the nations economy and touring industry and enriched peoples life. People around the country have spent more time and money traveling and relaxing themselves.

As every coin has two sides, the Golden Week holidays have also brought about piles of problems. For one thing, due to the fact that people across the country are spending their vacations during the same period of time, it is terribly crowded almost everywhere: trains, buses, hotels, scenic spots, etc., which have ruined peoples mood for vacations. For another, some businessmen take advantage of the weeklong holidays and raise the priced of commodities and services.

Personally, I believe that it is necessary for people to have long vacations, but there is no need for them to have the vacations during the same period of time. Instead, they should be allowed the freedom to arrange their own vacations. Only in this way can they really relax and refresh themselves for a new round of work.

As can be seen from the chart that money value of annual global electronic transactions id increasing gradually in the seven years. In 1997, the money value of global electronic commerce transactions is US$ 2.6 billion, while the number reaches US$1000 billion, 500 times that of 1997. why is electronic commerce booming nowadays?

从图表可以看出，在这七年内每年全球电子交易货币价值逐渐增加。1997年，全球电子商务交易货币价值是26亿美元，然而这个数字达到1万亿美元时是1997年的500倍。为什么现在电子商务如此的蓬勃发展?

Several factors contribute to this phenomenon. First, the availability of computer is the foremost cause. The rapid development of computer technology enables everybody to have access to computer and Internet. Internet now no more a stranger to common people. Second, the technology of Internet is becoming more and more mature. People, who at first do not trust business transactions on Internet, now become convinced that doing business on Internet is very convenient and effective. Thirdly, electronic commerce is the fastest way so far to make transactions across far distance. It makes it possible to do business at home and it saves time and unnecessary formalities as well. That is why electronic commerce is preferable to the prosperity of world economy and it also give birth to SOHO, a special group of people working at home. The trend towards a promising e-commerce is inevitable. Therefore let's get prepared to embrace this irretrievable trend.

有几个因素导致了这种现象。首先,计算机的可用性是最重要的原因。计算机技术的高速发展让大家都可以接触到计算机和因特网。对于普通人家，计算机现在已不再陌生。第二，网络技术也越来越成熟了。人们起初不相信在互联网上进行商业交易，而现在却开始相信在互联网上做生意是非常方便和有效的。第三,电子商务是迄今为止最快的方式来完成远距离的交易。它使人们可以在家里做生意、节省时间和不必要的手续。这就是为什么电子商务非常适合繁荣的世界经济，而且它还使SOHO诞生了，使得一群特殊的人在家里工作。一个有前途的电子商务的趋势是不可避免的。因此让我们准备接受这势不可挡的趋势。

one afternoon, a close friend of mine came up to me ecitedly:

julia, dont you know that theres a cherry tree in our school?

a cherry tree? really? where?

cherry trees were so scarce that i had only seen them in the film romantic cherry.

in i garden. hurry! lets go and see it!

i dropped my book and followed my friend out of the class

as soon as i stepped into i garden, i began seeking the precious pink eagerly. and ho, there it was! in the distance,several pink clouds were floating above a small pavilion. that was it! my cherry tree!

we quickened our steps. little by little, the gossamer like pink clouds grew bigger and bigger and at last seemed to occupy the blue sky when we were just standing under the cherry, on a small slope. beneath my feet, the soil was covered by fallen petals. what a wonderful eperience! stretching my arms widely, i felt as if flying in the air weightlessly in the world of pink.

when a gentle breeze passed by, hundreds of petals parachuted down. they danced and whirled beautifully in the air and blurred my vision. the petals were so light that it took them some time to fall down onto the ground or into the pool.

the petals lying on the ground joined their brothers and sisters to etend a pink carpet while those floating on the water were setting out on a mysterious journey.

i surely will be sorry when all of the petals have fallen down. my friend said woefully.

no. although they have left their home and have been separated from each other, they are still happy and composed and try to do their best where god place them. i said to myself,firmly and hopefully.

简 评

本文描写了樱桃树开花的美景和作者喜悦的心情。呈现在作者眼前的是一个粉红色的世界：头顶上漂浮着粉红色的“云彩”，脚下粉红色的花瓣覆盖着大地。作者对花瓣飘落的描写非常精彩：hundreds“petals parachuted down;they danced and whirled beautifully intheair，使读者仿佛身临其境。在作者笔下，这些花瓣都有了生命的灵气：落在地上的花瓣合力展开一块粉色的地毯，而落在水中的花瓣开始了它们的神秘之旅。

最后一段点明了作者对落花纷纷的理解：不管身处何地，都要力求做的最好。这一理解非常富有哲理，令人不禁想起了“落花不是无情物，化作春泥更护花”的诗句。

Today is New Year, I wish my wish, very not easy to get this joyful holiday to come. New Year's day, is our country folk ceremonious, the most lively a traditional holiday. I like the New Year, because you can get a red envelope, gather the family livelily, how happy things. Although our house is my mother and I and my sister, but I'm still happy.

Early in the morning, I was waken up by the "or" firecrackers, began my new plan. I happily to find mom, grinning ground to say: "mom, I wish you a happy New Year, more and more beautiful!" Mother to listen to and then said, "that also wish you academic progress, happy every day!" And then solemnly give red packets to me.

In the afternoon, we went to bought a lot of gun, what the tortoise cannons, parachutes, fireworks anyway. By six o 'clock, we according to the convention on the balcony of the rope to hang a big bunch of firecrackers, exciting moment arrived, sister gently walked over, picked up in the hands of sweet braved Mars, carefully lit firecrackers, ran quickly. The gunshot deafening, we had to put his hand over his ears, look at the bright sparks, is very colorful. Then we went to dinner.

The food is delicious, have dumplings, braise in soy sauce meat, green vegetables soup, etc., an appetite is big, I forgot drooling, picked up the chopsticks one breath a soup, with a full stomach I watch TV.

New Year's party was really wonderful ah, have a nice compendium of materia medica, and eye-catching "ring into egg", and "not bad money" zhao4 ben3 shan, is really an eye-opener to me.

The New Year is really makes me unforgettable, like the first the unforgettable tonight!

今天是新年，我盼呀盼，好不容易才把这个令人欢喜的节日盼来了。新年，是我国民间最隆重、最热闹的一个传统节日了。我最喜欢过新年了，因为可以拿红包，一家人热热闹闹地欢聚一堂，是多么欢喜的'事情啊。虽然我们家就我和妈妈还有姐姐，但我还是很高兴。

一大早，我就被“噼里啪啦”的鞭炮声给吵醒了，开始了我的拜年计划。我兴高采烈地去找妈妈，满脸堆笑地说：“妈妈，祝你新年快乐，越来越美丽！”妈妈听后紧接着说：“那也祝你学业进步，天天开心！”然后郑重地把红包交给我了。

下午，我们去买了一大堆炮，什么乌龟炮，降落伞，烟花炮竹反正是应有尽有。到了六点，我们按照惯例在阳台的绳子上挂了一大串鞭炮，激动人心的时刻到了，姐姐轻轻地走过去，拿起手中的冒着火星的香，小心翼翼地点燃了鞭炮，飞快地跑过来。便炮声震耳欲聋，我们只得用手捂住耳朵，看着灿烂的火花，真是五彩缤纷啊。接着我们就去吃饭了。

饭菜很丰盛，有饺子，红烧肉，青菜汤等，令人胃口大开，我顾不上流口水，拿起筷子一口气吃了个精光，带着我饱饱的肚子看电视去了。

新年晚会可真是精彩啊，有好听的《本草纲目》，还有吸引人眼球的“戒指进鸡蛋”，和赵本山的《不差钱》，真算是令我大开眼界了。

这个新年真是令我难忘，就像那首《难忘今宵》一样！

How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic

Nowadays, China‘s cities are getting increasingly crowded. The rapid increase in population is being made worse by the steady influx of people from the rural areas seeking employment. As a result, heavy traffic is a big headache, with all the roads packed with cars, bicycles and pedestrians.

In my opinion, there are two ways to solve the problem. One is to build more and wider roads to make the public highways less crowded and speed up the flow of traffic. The other is to expand the number of public bus routes, so that more people can be transported and fewer people will have to travel by car or bicycle.

However, each of these solutions brings problems with it. The former may occupy too much land that could be used for farms or houses; the latter may cause inconvenience for long periods in bus lines. I think the best answer to the problem of heavy traffic is a combination of the two: build more roads in places where land is less useful, and at the same time increase the number of public bus routes.

Personal credit cards are becoming more common in China. Banks and other financial institutions are encouraging their customers to change the way they buy things. Credit cards, otherwise known as “plastic money”, are being offered on very good terms to encourage the change. Consumers will be able to “buy now, pay later”, and many see this as an advantage.

But people need to be careful. There are dangers associated with credit cards. Some people find it very easy to exceed their budget. They are tempted to purchase goods that they do not really need, and can become quickly overburdened by debt. The credit cards often charge a high rate of interest, which exacerbates the problems for these people.

However, used wisely credit cards can improve the quality of people’s lives. They can give people access to money to meet sudden unplanned expenses. Properly handled, they can let people control their expenditure and the monthly statements provide a record of where their money has gone.

When asked about do you like live with roommates,the overwhelming majority of most students answer that they quite willing to live in the dormitory.But fewer people hold that they can not bear the hostel environment and it seems that the number is increasing. There are mainly three reasons responsible for this phenomenon. In the first place,as most students never stay away from parents , so they was not accustomed to live in the dormitory and they will try to move out and to get more private place.What’s more,the living conditions are generally not so good ,there are no modern equipments,and students have to obey many regulations when living in the dormitory.

At length,the roomates all are come from the different place,living habits are quite different. From my point of view,it would be better for college students to live in the dormitory .On the one hand,it is good for college students to communicate with each other,which is will help to develop social and professional skills.On the other hand,living in the outside is more expensive than in the dormitory.We can use the money saved from renting a house to do something meaningful.

Skippingclasses is quite common in college campus in that students have more freedom oncollege than ever before. But why do they want to skip classes? Differentstudents have different reasons concerning it.

在大学中逃课是很常见的，因为学生们在大学中得到的自由比以往都要多。但是为什么他们要逃课？对于这一问题不同的学生有不同的原因。

Thereare some reasons given by some students. First, some students skip theirclasses just because they don’t like the classes. They think that some classesare quite boring and time-wasting, as well as they can’t learn a lot from theclasses. Therefore, they skip this kind of classes to study individually. Thisis one of the reasons for high absence rate in some public courses. Second,many students skip their classes because they lack of self-discipline and areindulged in other things, such as playing online games. They cannot controlthemselves well and finally lost their aim and motivation to learn. Inaddition, oversleeping and being ill are also the reasons for class absence.They consider that their absence will not be noticed if they teachers don’tcall over.

一些学生说了很多理由。首先，一些学生逃课仅仅只是因为他们不喜欢那门课。他们觉得一些课程是非常乏味、浪费时间的，而且从课堂上他们也学不到什么东西。因此，他们就逃了那一类课，然后去自习。这是一些公共课程中高缺勤率的原因之一。第二，很多学生逃课是因为他们缺乏自律并沉迷于其他事情，如，玩在线游戏。他们自控能力不是很好，终于会丢失学习目标和学习动机。另外，睡过头，生病也是上课缺席的原因。他们觉得如果老师不点名的话他们不去上课也不会被发现。

Thereare various reasons for skipping classes, but as far as I am concerned,skipping classes should not be advocated because students always can learnsomething from each class, no matter how boring the class is. In addition,skipping classes is a kind of waste of money. What’s more, attending classes isalso a kind of respect for our teachers. Therefore, please attend each class asmuch as possible.

有各种各样的逃课理由，但我觉得不应该提倡不上课，因为每一门课学生都可以从中学到一些东西，不管那门课是有多么的无聊课。而且，逃课也是浪费钱的一种方式。更重要的是，去上课也是对老师的尊重。因此，请尽量地去上课吧。