发布时间：
颜色词除表示其具体实际的色彩外，还会由于不同国家的不同文化而具有不 同的涵义。例如a white day可 译为"白色的日子"，但在英国，白色往往表 示"纯真"、"崇高"、"吉祥"、"幸福"之意。a white da y意为"吉日" 或"喜庆的日字"。此外，英语中与颜色词在一起组成的复合词或带有颜色词的 词组往往有其特 殊意义或习惯用法，这些都是在翻译颜色词时不可忽略之处。 下面就各种颜色词分别举例略作说明。1. RED:(1)The president was treated to the redcarpet in Rome. 总统在罗马 受到了隆重的接待。 (2)It was a red-letter day in the history of Chinese revolution. 这 是中国历史上值得纪念的日 子。(3)A thief was caught red-handed in the act of breaking open alock. 一个窃贼在砸开锁时被当 场抓获。(4)You said that l am very good. ls my face red? 你说我很好，真使 我难为情了。 (5)When he started criticizing my work,l really saw red. 当他批评 我的工作时，我就冒火、发脾 气。 (6)There is too much red-tape in obtaining an identity card. 领身 份证的手续实在太繁琐了。(7)They had to sell the firm because for years they had operated it in the red. 因为经营这 家公司几年来一直亏损，所以他们只好把它卖掉。(8)We'll soon be out of the red. 我们很快就会扭亏为盈。(9)Every time he comes to New York,he wants to paint the town red. 每次来纽约，他都要痛饮一 番。2. GREEN: (10)He is still green to his job. 他对其工作尚无经验。(11)Do you see any green in my eye? 你认为我幼稚可欺吗？(12)lf you want to be a successful gardener,of course you've gotto have green fingers. 假如 你想当个称职的园工，那你就得有园艺技能。(13)She is a green hand in teaching English. 在英语教学中，他还是 个生手。(14)Mother gave us the green light to go on the camping trip this summer. 妈妈准许我们今年 夏天去野营一次。(15)He has a green wound in the left breast. 他左胸上有一新伤口。3. BLUE: (16)He is proud of his blue blood. 他因出身名门贵族而骄傲。(17)Things are looking extremely blue. 情况极其不妙。(18)True blue will never stain. 真金不怕火炼。(19)She ran and ran until she was blue in the face. 她跑啊跑啊，累 得脸色发青精疲力竭。(20)lt's once in a blue moon that you get a chance like that. 你得 到的是个千载难逢的机会。(21)He can read like a blue streak. 他看书极快。(22)The bad news came like a bolt out of the blue. 这消息来得如青 天霹雳。(23)John arrived out of the blue. 约翰突然来了。(24)A rainy day always gives me the blues. 下雨天总是使我心情抑郁。4. BROWN:(25)The leaves browned slowly. 树叶渐渐枯了。(26)We are all of us done brown. 我们都上当了。(27)When she gives a dinner party,she always does it up brown.她举 行宴会，总是办得很出色。(28)l'm browned off,sitting here all day with nothing to do. 我整 天坐在这儿没事干，感到抑郁 无聊。 (29)Aim at one bird, don't blaze into the brown. 瞄准一只打，不要 射击鸟群。 (30)l tried to attract his attention,but he was in a brown study. 我 企图吸引他的注意力，可是 他仍在沉思默想。5. BLACK:(31)The black dog is over him. 他意气消沉。(32)Tom is the black sheep of his family. 汤姆是个败家子。(33)Next time l see him, l'll give him a black eye. 下次我见到他一 定打他一顿。 (34)She gives me a black look. 她对我怒目而视。(35)He blacked out the words he didn't want. 他涂掉不想要的词。(36)He came out of the fight black and blue. 打架之后，他遍体鳞伤。(37)He gave me assurance in black and white. 他给我作出了书面保证。6. WHITE: (38)They treated us white. 他们公正地对待我们。(39)My children have bled me white. 我的一切都为孩子花光了。(40)He said he didn't want to have a white-collar job and sit in an office all day. 他说他 不愿意做文职工作，整天坐在办公室里。(41)Although they got a lot of nice wedding presents,they alsogot one or two white elephants . 虽然他们收到许多很好的结婚礼品，但也得到几件 昂贵而无用的东西。 (42)Don't show the white-feather fight for your beliefs. 不要怯懦， 要为你的信念而战。(43)He is the white-headed boy of the new generation. 他是新一代中 的宠儿。(44)Sometimes we are forced to tell white lies. 有时，我们被迫要讲 些无恶意的谎言。 (45)Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes. 等他们非常 靠近时再射击。 (46)ln his youth he was treated as the white hope of theAmerican theater. 他在青年时期就被认 为是能为美国戏剧界带来荣誉的人。7. YELLOW:(47)He is too yellow to stand up and fight. 他太胆怯，不敢奋起战斗。(48)He has a yellow streak in him. 他胆小。(49)We can't afford to have anyone in this enterprise who islikely to turn yellow when the testing-time comes. 我们的企业不能雇用在考验关 头可能畏缩不前的人。(50)l dislike Tom for he is a yellow dog. 我讨厌汤姆，他是个卑鄙小 人。
看你是文学方面的、语言学方面的还是教法方面的。文学的可以写某某作品分析语言学可以写语音语素的发展及其变化教法的可以写论英语教学中音标教学与单词记忆的关系。
一、标题一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./Prof.C.Prager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为0.6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。二、提纲英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。三、摘要1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。3、英文字体与行间距： 统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”，1.5倍行间距。4、英文题目： 使用三号字加粗。5、英文摘要： “Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。6、英文关键词： “Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。四、正文有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约1.5cm。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。五、文中引述正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 （即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。六、文献目录论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点:目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为2.5cm,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为0.6cm；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为0.6cm,不必留出更多空白。各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等；各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。英语论文摘要又称文摘，是论文的重要组成部分，它是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。摘要应具有独立性和自明性，并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息，即不需阅读全文，就可获得重要的信息。摘要通常置于文题之后，文章之首。在论文发表后，论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词，并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。学术堂提供更多论文知识。
一般来说，英语专业的毕业论文可以分为英美文学、英语教育、商务英语、英语翻译、语言与文化几个大方向写。语言与文化建议本科阶段的学生不要写。选题的时候要注意新颖：英美文学方面，不要写已经老掉牙的《简爱》《傲慢与偏见》之类的作品，因为这些作品因为太过经典，已经有很多人研究过了，建议写《哈利波特》或《暮光之城》这一系列新的文学。英语教育方面的，可以根据所学的教育理论的一种，比如说“交际法”结合实际的工作，展开写作。英语翻译和商务英语方向在一定程度上可以互相重合，比如写合同翻译或者是商务翻译相关的文章时可以互相借鉴，但是写翻译方向的时候方向尽量不要选得过大，例如“颜色词的翻译”就显得过于宽泛，可以改成“从《红楼梦》的翻译看颜色词的汉译英”。以上仅为个人经验之谈，还要看你的兴趣和专业方向。
帮你找到了,可是要付费,3元,链接在下面英汉颜色词的文化内涵与翻译The Cultural Connotations and Translation of Color Words in Chinese and English梁燕华摘 要：自然界是色彩斑斓的,各民族在长期的历史沉淀中都形成了各自独特的颜色观,折射出绚丽多姿的民族文化.该文从跨文化交际的角度,以文化内涵为切入点,探讨英汉颜色词的异同,强调不同文化中颜色词的民族特性及其翻译的处理.关键词：颜色词;文化内涵;异同;翻译分类号：H315.9 文献标识码：A文章编号：1008-7486(2002)03-0149-04作者简介：梁燕华(1972-),女,壮族,广西大学外国语学院讲师,在读硕士(学位),研究方向为英语语言学.作者单位：梁燕华（广西大学,外国语学院,广西,南宁,530004）参考文献：〔1〕Wierzbick A.Semantics,culture,and cognition.New York:Oxford University Press,1992.〔2〕许慎.说文解字[M].北京:中华书局,1963.〔3〕王秉钦.文化翻译学[M].天津:南开大学出版社,1995.〔4〕詹人凤.现代汉语语义学[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997.〔5〕包惠南.文化语境与语言翻译[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2001.〔6〕符淮青.词义的分析与描写[M].北京:语言出版社,1996.〔7〕于逢青.论汉语颜色词的人文特性[J].东北师大学报,1999,(5):78～84.〔8〕朱耀先.浅谈中西文化差异与翻译[J].中国翻译,1997,(4):7～10.〔9〕陆谷孙.英汉大词典[M].上海译文出版社,1993.收稿日期：2002年5月13日出版日期：2002年9月1日
在颜色的文化内涵方面，西方国家与中国是存在差异的。同一种颜色，其背后所引申出的含义会因地域风俗、文化、历史等方面因素的不同而有所差异。下面通过举例来浅析中西方颜色词的文化差异。1．黑色黑色在中国文化里有沉重神秘之感，它象征严肃、正义，如传统京剧中的张飞、李逵均用黑色脸谱；同时，它也象征邪恶，如指阴险狠毒的人是“黑心肠”。而黑色在西方文化中基本为禁忌色。它象征了死亡、凶兆、灾难。如：在葬礼上，人们通常穿黑色服装；“不吉利的话”译为“black words”；第二，它也象征邪恶、犯罪，如：“恶棍、流氓”译为“black guard”；另外，它还象征耻辱、不光彩、沮丧、愤怒等。2．蓝色在汉语中，蓝色通常可以给人们带来安详、美好的联想；此外，蓝色还指“破旧”，因此，在重大喜庆之日时，人们基本不会用蓝色来作装饰。在英语中，蓝色有“社会地位高、有权势或出身名门望族”的引申含义，如：“blue room”指的是“美国总统在白宫的，用来会见挚友亲朋的会客室”；蓝色也代表了特定的身份职业，如：“blue collar”指“从事体力劳动的人”；此外，众所周知，在西方文化里，蓝色还有忧郁、感伤等其他消极含义，如“色情电影”译为“blue film”。3．红色红色是我国文化里崇尚色。它象征吉祥、喜庆、繁华、热闹、漂亮等，如女子 美艳的容颜为“红颜”。西方文化中红色主要指鲜血的颜色，多指血腥、暴力、恐怖、危险等，如“red ruin”指火灾；红色也常用于情感上，当某人生气时，常用“see red”或“red with anger”形容；另外，其还有“亏本”等消极意义。4．黄色在中国，黄色是红色的一种发展变异，是一种吉利色彩，如“黄道吉日”，龙袍、圣旨均为黄色。西方文化中，黄色使人联想到背叛耶稣的犹大（Judas）所穿衣服的颜色，所以有“卑鄙、胆怯”的含义，如“卑鄙的人”应译为“yellow dog”，此外，黄色还表示低级趣味的报刊和毫无文学价值的书籍。由上述四个例子可知，西方颜色文化内涵与中国有着很大的差异。不同的民族，其颜色背后所蕴含的意义是大相径庭的。因此，我们在对待异国含有颜色词的语句时，既不能直译，也不可借着本国的传统文化来理解，应先去深入了解他国这方面的文化，不要因错误理解而闹出笑话
中西文化中颜色词语的象征意义 The symbolic meaning of the color word of between China and western countries Summary: Show in the Chinese-English language the words of different colors or color is very abundant. We not merely should pay attention to observing themselves' basic meaning, should paying attention to the deep and broad symbolic meaning of their meaning even more, because their symbolic meaning often has different characteristics in different national languages, some characteristics even form people to the advocating and taboo of the color after guiding stretching , transferred meaning. The difference of symbolic meanings of the color between such different culture is because of each national difference and producing of historical background , aesthetic psychology of culture, sanctified by usage in the sediment of development , history in the society, it is a kind of permanent culture phenomenon. The angle that this text attempts to compare from Chinese and Western culture with analysis, probe into various nationalities' culture to develop the impact on symbolic meaning of the color word. The human language is extensive and profound, different countries, the unique glamour that different and national color words demonstrate, make people regard with special esteem. In Great Britain's Chinese-English language, all very abundant to displaying different colors or the word of the color. We not merely want to understand their each one's own basic meaning, should pay attention to the deep and broad symbolic meaning of their meaning even more. Because often there are different characteristics in different national languages in symbolic meanings of the color, some characteristics have not represented the meaning of its word itself yet, but guide stretching, transferred meaning to it. First , midwest square color word because of our country and hopeless the greater part English country ten thousand li apart objective cause , symbolic meaning of difference, in the geographical position , scene that history aches , very great difference exists aesthetically psychologically, so the feeling of seeking the color word will not be the same. The symbolic meaning that a color word shows will be various naturally . This text will do some brief contrasts and discussions on the color of the word and symbolic meaning difference in Chinese and Western culture. By the look of definition of the color, color through eyes brain and people a kind of vision effect to the light experience of life produce, it is a vision phenomenon launched , reflecting or causing through certain light wave by the object, it is a kind of basic domestic animal of the human eye vision . About the definition of, it is relatively short to going through the time of the feudal society, and in nearly modern science is popularized and the west of development says at full speed, it is easier they accepted. The west relatively pays attention to the analysis things with rational science from the beginning, display it to the objective world and realistic scientific attitude known objectively. So, the symbolic meaning of the color is often more direct in western culture, generally symbolize some abstract cultural meaning with the concrete color of objective things For example: Western culture " getting red " to point color of " blood " but blood surge forward life liquid of the human body among the mind in westerner mainly, once the blood trickles, the life stops , so, the red make people associate it with the violence , dangerous, thus produced to the red taboo. Western Sinologist translate " Dream of the Red Chamber " may because of the fact that consider " red " make them is it bleed to associate it with, so adopted title " the stone is written " that the novel had used originally, English meant story of the stone to compare with the western civilization, Chinese culture is of long standing and well established, the feudal society that China goes through several thousand years, education and science lag behind relatively, so, in Chinese culture, the thought that the color expresses has strong mystery flavor, the development of the objective reality receives China's social development relatively largely. Color intension and symbolic meaning are very abundant in Chinese culture, and the symbolic meaning of the color word is plural. For example, the red in Chinese culture comes from the sun. Our ancestor has a kind of instinctive attachment and worships to the sunshine, the red joyous and lucky production naturally of purpose. With getting white as example and then, in mankind initial stage, our ancestor is small and weak and unable, make them completely exposed in broad daylight, an attack of the irresistible fiendish beast of prey, therefore the dialogue color has a kind of instinctive frightened sense, so the white becomes a kind of color and prohibits avoiding as taboo in Chinese culture. It is obvious; the symbolic meaning of the color demonstrates the human psychological characteristics at the same time. Second, concrete description of different symbolic meanings of the color in Chinese and Western culture. , the red advocates the color basically in our country's culture. It is lucky , joyous that it symbolizes; For example facilitate others bright marriage name " matchmaker ", joyous day will be it register for bright red lantern to want, stick to and form uniting red, the red good fortune word: The man sticks the bright red " liking " word while marrying the daughter and is married, one is lively | The prosperity is named " flourishing "; It symbolizes the revolution and progress again, for instance, Communist Party of China's initial regime is named " red regime ", the initial arms are called " the Red Army "; It is it smoothly , succeed to symbolize too, such as to very kind to known as " becoming much more popular " circumstances have people; Trusted unduly and called " the favourite follower " by the superior ; Assign to and manage profits and shout and " share out bonus", load the end with the beautiful woman to call " the beauty " ,etc.. The red is one to demote symbol that the word with quite strong purpose is " fire , blood " in western culture, representatives are cruel and ferocious and bleeding. If (1), is it massacre with violence is it claim for The red rules of tooth and claw (2 ) bloody to revenge for red revenge to ruling to describe; It symbolizes the radical violent revolution again, such as (1)It is a red revolution to describe the red revolution (2)Radical political movement represent for red hot political campaign (3 ) the Left radical activity commendatory as for a getting red one for red activities, for instance joyous day the red carpet of red days, grand reception ,etc., benefit from different culture and exchange and merge. 2, White and red and opposite, it is a basic taboo word; reflect Chinese are in the material and spiritual abandoning and disgust. The white does not have blood color, dead behavior; symbolize the death, ill omen. If the relative has wanted to wrap rough Dai Xiao after dying since ancient times, worn the white mourning dress, is called the funeral, set up the white mourning hall , should hit the white long narrow flag while carrying a coffin to the cemetery . Getting white word is it reach political influence is it fail, be unwise, is it take to have no profit to signify also to like in the course of its development, such as party that fail play " white flag " say that surrenders always among war; Call person with low intelligence " eat free ", exert oneself but make the advantage or come to naught and is named " busy oneself to no purpose " | " waste strength ". Finally, it signifies there is little knowledge, there is not fame and gain, such as calling rank and file “the commoner ", temper being scarce, scholar not deep calls “the pale-faced scholar ",etc. the experience. Western culture getting white symbolic meaning focus on one's own color their mainly, snow such as being new, fresh milk and color of the lily. Westerners think it white and graceful and pure, so it is the advocating color in the western culture. It is evil that it signifies that too pure to have, such as (1) a white souls, pure white wedding bride's wedding in white full dress of soul (2 ); It is honest , honest that it symbolizes again, such as (1) a white spirit honest soul (2)A white men is noble, an educated person. (3)White hand is honest; It is honest , honest that it symbolizes again, such as (1) a white spirit honest soul (2)A white men is noble, an educated person. (3)White hand is honest; It symbolize lucky too, if (1) somebody, life of one of the white days o f sib’s, it have legal and having hostile meaning lucky day of the life, such as (1) white market legal market, 3, the black has heavy mysterious senses in Chinese culture, it is a kind of serious and serious tone, and its symbolic meaning seems comparatively complicated because of affecting by western culture. On one hand it symbolizes serious , justice, black face Boa Zhen in the popular legend , black type of facial make up of Zhang Fey , Li Chui in traditional Beijing opera ,etc.; It again because a one's own one their dark to give somebody sinisterly , sinister and terrific feeling while being unglazed on the other hand. It symbolizes evilly, reactionary, such as meaning the sinisterly vicious person is a black heart, hidden repulsive inside information is " shady deal ", members of the reactionary group are the reactionary gang, evil backstage manipulator, call the ruler for the list of the dissident that draws up blacklist, (2) legal bright form that white list is sanctioned, (3) a white lie harmless lie. It show crime , break the law, such as is it do bandit conduct shout " walk the underworld " , is it kill robbery of goods , do illegal inn of business name the gangster inn to claim to claim, the violated goods trade calls the black market, is named the dirty money and waited with the money that the illegal means is obtained It is the basic taboo color in the western culture to be black (black), have reflected westerner's spiritual abandoning and disgust. It symbolizes the death , ill omen , disaster, if (1) Black Mass fits fairy Mass, (2) to wear black for her father is her father Dai Xiao, (3)black words unlucky words, (4) the fierce day of a black letter day; It symbolizes the evilness , crime, such as (1) the evil devil of Black Man, (2) a black de ed extremely abominable black guard ruffian , hooligan of behavior (3 ); It symbolizes shame, inglorious too, if a black eye disgraced , bad reputation of a black mark stain (2 ) of (1 ); Depressed , angry that it still symbolizes, such as (1) black dog depressed mood, (2) The future looks black prospects are dim, (3)He gave me a black look. He is looking at me in a great rage. 4,In a word there is a very great difference in different national culture in the symbolic meaning of the color word. Fundamentally, among Chinese culture, symbol of color based on China in the past ruling of feudalism, feudalistic superstition and primitive, backward science, educational state take shape, so the symbolic meaning of the color has quite strong inclination of politicizing and mystifying. The color in western culture signifies that benefits from the popularization degree of the national opening in the west and science , education more, symbolic meaning its little and mysterious, getting many some reason, make sometime , motivation easy to track the meaning of a word its. Symbolic meanings of the color between different cultures are all sanctified by usage in the sediment of development, history in the society; it is a kind of permanent culture phenomenon. , interesting, humor, cordial that they can make the language more vivid! List of references: 1, “modern Chinese dictionary ", Foreign Language Teaching and Research Publishing House. June of 1998 2, Zhang Devin, " informal discussion of Chinese and foreign languages ", the publishing house of university of Henna is 1999. 3, Li Yantis, <>, the 2nd Foreign Language Inst. of Beijing, 1998 4, Jig Mingling, " the social cultural meaning of English color word is analyzed ", the journal of Zhen Zhou University, 1997. 3 5, " 300 Tang poetries ", Jillian People's Press, 1999. 汉英语言中表示各种不同颜色或色彩的词语都很丰富。我们不仅要注意观察它们本身的基本意义，更要留心它们含义深广的象征意义，因为它们的象征意义在不同民族语言中往往有不同的特点，有些特点甚至构成了人们对经过引伸、转义以后颜色的崇尚和禁忌。这种不同文化之间颜色象征意义的差异是由于各自民族的文化历史背景、审美心理的不同而产生的，是在社会的发展、历史的沉淀中约定俗成的，是一种永久性的文化现象。本文试图从中西文化对比的角度，去分析、探究各民族文化发展对颜色词的象征意义的影响。 在人类语言中，颜色词语表现出的独特魅力，令人刮目相看。在汉英语言中，表示各种不同颜色或色彩的词都很丰富。我们不仅要注意观察它们本身的基本意义，更要留心它们含义深广的象征意义，因为颜色的象征意义在不同民族语言中往往有不同的特点，有些特点甚至构成了人们对经过引伸、转义以后颜色的崇尚和禁忌。由于我国与绝大部分英语国家相隔万里，地理位置、自然现象、历史背景、审美心理等千差万别，人们对于颜色的感受和表达不尽相同。这样，颜色的象征意义在中西文化之间自然又会产生很大的差异。本文拟就中西文化中词语的颜色、词语的象征意义作一些对比和探讨，以求教于同行和读者。 从科学的定义来说，颜色是由物体发射、反射或透过一定光波所引起的视觉现象，是人眼视觉的一种基本特征。颜色生成的这种定义，对经历封建社会时间相对短，且在近代和现代教育和科学得到普及和飞速发展的西方来说，是比较易于为他们所接受的。西方从文明一开始，就比较注重科学理性的教育和科学方法的发现，对客观世界和客观认识采取现实的科学态度。因此，西方文化中颜色的象征意义往往比较直接，一般是用客观事物的具体颜色来象征某些抽象的文化含义，所以更易追溯其语义理据和逻辑理据。例如：西方文化中的红色（red）主要指鲜血（blood）颜色，而blood在西方人心目中是奔腾在人体内的"生命之液"。一旦鲜血流淌下来，生命之花也就凋谢。所以red使西方人联想到"暴力"和"危险"产生了一种颜色禁忌。美国学者阿思海姆在他的《色彩论》中说："色彩能有力的表达情感。……红色被认为是令人激动的，因为它能使我们想到火、血和革命的含义。"著名汉学家霍克斯在翻译"红楼梦"时，由于意识到red可能使现代英语读者联想到“暴力"、"流血"，所以采用小说原来曾使用的书名《石头记》，译为The story of the stone。但是由于中国经历了几千年的封建社会以及教育和科技的相对落后，在中国文化中，颜色的生成具有强烈的神秘色彩，它的发展受到中国社会文化发展的较大影响。在先秦，颜色词就已经与古人的世界观、哲学思想联系在一起，后来又与政治挂钩。所以中国文化中的颜色内涵和象征意义十分丰富，而且颜色词的象征意义是多元 的。例如，从文化人类学角度来讲，中国文化中的红色源于太阳，因为烈日如火，其色赤红。我们的初祖在祭祈巫舞的过程中，对阳光有一种本能的依恋和崇拜，红色的喜庆和吉祥之意自然而然地产生了。古人还认为"日至而万物生" （《淮南子•天文训》）感到阳光下万物繁茂，生机勃勃，令人振奋，因而对代表太阳的红色产生了特别亲切的感情。再以白色为例，在人类初始阶段，我们的祖先弱小而无力，无法抗拒凶恶猛兽的攻击、光天化日的白昼使他们暴露无遗，有一种随时都有被食肉猛兽扑食的危险，因而对白色有一种本能的恐惧感；另外，我们的初祖还观察到"月到中秋分外明"，因而认为明月与萧煞的秋季连在一起，而代表秋天的颜色也就是白色了（银白色的中秋之月）。这样白色在中国文化里就成了一种颜色禁讳。可见颜色的象征意义在漫长的历史进程中的约定俗成的，体现出某种心理功能。下面我们就中西文化中颜色的不同象征意义进行具 体描述。 1、红色 红色是我国文化中的基本崇尚色，它体现了中国人在精神和物质上的追求。它象征着吉祥、喜庆，如把促 成他人美好婚姻的人叫"红娘"，喜庆日子要挂大红灯笼、贴红对联、红福字；男娶女嫁时贴大红"喜"字，把热闹、兴旺叫做"红火"；形容繁华、热闹的地方叫"红尘"；它又象征革命和进步，如中共最初的政权叫“红色政权”，最早的武装叫“红军”，把政治上要求进步、业务上刻苦钻研的人称为“又红又专”等；它也象征顺利、成功，如人的境遇很好被称为"走红"、"红极一时"，得到上司宠信的叫"红人"，分到合伙经营利润叫"分红"，给人发奖金叫"送红包"等；它还象征美丽、漂亮，如指女子盛妆为"红妆"或"红装" ，把艳妆女子称为"红袖"，指女子美艳的容颜为"红颜"等。 西方文化中的红色（red）则是一个贬意相当强的词，是"火"、"血"的联想，它象征着残暴、流血，如（1）The red rules oftooth and claw残杀 和暴力统治，（2）red revenge血腥复仇，（3）ared battle血战 ；它又象征激进、暴力革命，如（1）red hotpolitical campaign激烈的政治运动，（2）a red revolution 赤色革命，（3）red activities左派激进活动；它也象征危险、紧张，如（1）red alert空袭报警，（2）a red adventure story一个令人紧张的冒险故事，（3）a red flag危险信号旗；它还象征着放荡、淫秽，如（ 1）a red waste of his youth他那因放荡而浪费的青春，（2）ared light district花街柳巷（红灯区），（ 3）Is she really sored as she is painted？难到她真的象人们所描绘的那样放荡吗？ 至于红色的褒义，如red—letter day喜庆的日子，the red carpet隆重的接待等，则得益于不同文化之间 的交流和融合。据考证，red的褒义是从远东经波斯传到西方的。 2、白色 在中国文化中，白色与红色相反，是一个基本禁忌词，体现了中国人在物质和精神上的摈弃和厌恶。在中国古代的五方说中，西方为白虎，西方是刑天杀神，主萧杀之秋，古代常在秋季征伐不义、处死犯人。所以白色是枯竭而无血色、无生命的表现，象征死亡、凶兆。如自古以来亲人死后家属要披麻戴孝（穿白色孝服）办"白事"，要设白色灵堂，出殡时要打白幡；旧时还把白虎视为凶神，所以现在称带给男人厄运的女人为"白虎星"。白色的心理功能在其发展过程中由于受到政治功能的影响，又象征腐朽、反动、落后，如视为"白专道路"；它也象征失败、愚蠢、无利可得，如在战争中失败的一方总是打着“白旗”表示投降，称智力低下的人为"白痴"，把出力而得不到好处或没有效果叫做"白忙"、"白费力"、"白干"等，它还象征奸邪、阴险，如"唱白脸"、"白脸"奸雄；最后，它还象征知识浅薄、没有功名，如称平民百姓为"白丁"、"白衣"、"白身"，把缺乏锻炼、阅历不深的文人称作"白面书生"等。 西方文化中的白色象征意义主要着眼于其本身色彩，如新下的雪、新鲜牛奶及百合花的颜色。西方人认为白色高雅纯洁，所以它是西方文化中的崇尚色。它象征纯真无邪，如（1）awhitesoul纯洁的心灵，（2）whitewedding新娘穿白礼服的婚礼；它又象征正直、诚实，如（1）awhitespirit正直的精神，（2）whitemen高尚、有教养的人，（3）whitehand廉洁、诚实；它也象征幸运、吉利，如（1）oneofthewhitedaysofsb'slife某人生活中的吉日之一，（2）whitemagic有天使相助的法术；它还有合法、无恶意的意思，如（1）whitemarket合法市场，（2）whitelist经过批准的合法明单，（3）awhitelie无害的谎言。 3、黑色 古代黑色为天玄，原来在中国文化里只有沉重的神秘之感，是一种庄重而严肃的色调，它的象征意义由于受西方文化的影响而显得较为复杂。一方面它象征严肃、正义，如民间传说中的"黑脸"包公，传统京剧中的张飞、李逵等人的黑色脸谱；另一方面它又由于其本身的黑暗无光给人以阴险、毒辣和恐怖的感觉。它象征邪恶、反动，如指阴险狠毒的人是"黑心肠"，不可告人的丑恶内情是"黑幕"，反动集团的成员是"黑帮"、"黑手"，把统治者为进行政治迫害而开列的持不同政见者的名单称为"黑名单"，它又表示犯罪、违法，如称干盗匪行径叫"走黑道"，称杀人劫货、干不法勾当的客店叫做"黑店"，违禁的货物交易叫"黑货"、"黑市"，用贪赃受贿等非法手段得来的钱叫"黑钱"等。 黑色（black）是西方文化中的基本禁忌色，体现了西方人精神上的摈弃和厌恶。它象征死亡、凶兆、灾难，如（1）BlackMass安灵弥撒，（2）towearblackforhcrfather为她父亲戴孝，（3）blackwords不吉利的话，（4）ablackletterday凶日；它象征邪恶、犯罪，如（1）BlackMan邪恶的恶魔，（2）ablackdeed极其恶劣的行为，（3）blackguard恶棍、流氓，（4）blackmail敲榨、勒索；它也象征耻辱、不光彩，如（1）ablackmark污点，（2）blacksheep败家子，（3）ablackeye丢脸、坏名声，它还象征沮丧、愤怒，如（1）blackdog沮丧情绪，（2）Thefuturelooksblack前途暗淡，（3）Hegavemeablacklook。他怒气冲冲地看着我。 4、其他颜色 黄色在中国文化中是红色的一种发展变异，如旧时人们把宜于办大事的日子称为“黄道吉日”，但是它更代表权势、威严，这是因为在古代的五方、五行、五色中，中央为土黄色。黄色象征中央政权、国土之义，所以黄色便为历代封建帝王所专有，普通人是不能随便使用"黄色"的，如"黄袍"是天子的"龙袍"，"黄钺"是天子的仪仗，"黄榜"是天子的诏书，"黄马褂"是清朝皇帝钦赐文武重臣的官服。至于现在流行的与"性"有关的"黄色"观念，有一种说法是中西文化交流融合的一种现象。据说美国纽约的《世界报》用黄色油墨印刷低级趣味的漫画以争取销路，人们便称这一类不健康的刊物为“黄色刊物”.
蔡国英，女，出生于江西景德镇，陶瓷世家，其曾祖父蔡道哈和叔父蔡忠顺均被载入《中国当代陶瓷美术辞典》毕业于江西师范大学美术专业，毕业后分配到建国瓷厂色釉组从事颜色釉创作及研究工作。现任江西省工艺美术大师，景德镇高级陶瓷美术师，珠山陶瓷协会会员。自幼酷爱绘画，专供侍女及综合人物创作，在窑变色釉及综合装饰方面有较深造诣。其作品风格工细秀美，典雅婉约，既可看到艳而不俗的浓郁色彩，又可领略到精致的造型和别具匠心的装饰效果。经过多年的陶瓷艺术创作实践，并得到景德镇众多名家大师的悉心指点，创作水平得到了极大提升，打下了扎实的功底，作品多次参加国内外美展并获奖。其中，2008年创作的《绰约风姿》荣获中国国际名人书画工艺品大赛金奖，2008年创作的《仕女图》荣获莆田海峡工艺品博览会银奖，2011年12月在《景德镇高专学报》发表了学术论文《浅谈明代青花瓷装饰的特征》，并为第一作者。德艺双馨，艺无止境。她在艺术创作方面，时刻用最高的标准严格要求自己，在继承传统工艺的基础上，刻苦专研，孜孜以求，在艺术的道路上努力追寻属于自己的那道亮丽风景。
我就是学习瓷器学的，呵呵。瓷器的前身是原始青瓷，它是由陶器向瓷器过渡阶段的产物。中国最早的原始青瓷，发现于山西夏县东下冯龙山文化遗址中，距今约4200年。 器类有罐和钵。原始青瓷在中国分布较广，黄河领域、长江中下游及南方地区都有发现。 中国真正的瓷器出现是在东汉时期（公元23－220年）。首先是在南方地区的浙江省开始出现的。浙江绍兴上虞县上浦小仙坛发现东汉晚期瓷窑址和青瓷等。瓷片质地细腻，釉面有光泽，胎釉结合紧密牢固。从显微照相可见，青瓷残片釉下已无残留石英。这种釉无论在外貌上，或是显微结构上，都已摆脱了原始青瓷的原始性。已符合真正的瓷器标准了。 东汉之后的三国两晋南北朝时期（公元220－581年） 南方青瓷的生产，如浙江越窑等一直处于领先地位。在绍兴、余杭、吴兴等地也都设有窑场，形成独自的窑系。所谓窑系，是指某一著名窑场与附近或外省的一些窑场均生产某一种或几种相同类型的产品，这些窑场就构成一个窑系，以主要和最有影响的窑场命名。浙江是中国最早形成窑系的地区，其原因可能与这里是中国瓷器的发源地、制瓷业特别发达有关。 越窑生产青瓷与黑瓷，到西晋晚期也生产青釉褐斑瓷，即在器物的主要部位加上褐色点彩，以打破青瓷的单色格调。 三国时越窑的产品胎质坚硬细腻，呈浅灰色；釉汁纯净，以淡青色为主，黄或青黄色少见；器型有碗、碟、罐、壶、洗、盆、钵、盒、盘、耳杯、香炉唾壶、虎子、水盂、泡菜坛等日用瓷。西晋时又出现了了扁壶、鸡壶、烛台和辟邪等新产品。南朝时佛教盛行，瓷器上多以莲瓣或莲花作为装饰。从三国到隋统一前的数百年中，以越窑为代表的瓷器生产有了长足的发展。它的品种繁多，式样新颖，已深入到生活的各个领域。成为人们不可须臾离开的用具。 此外，在南方当时还有婺州窑、湘阴窑和丰城窑等著名窑址。 北方瓷器的出现要晚于南方，大致是从北魏晚期到隋（公元581－618年）统一前的近百年中发展起来的。北朝青瓷的器型有碗、盘、杯、罐、壶、瓶、盒等，多为日常用品，陈设品较少。莲瓣罐是北朝典型产品。它有三系、四系、六系和方系、圆系、条系的区别，均从肩至腹堆塑成肥硕的莲瓣，有六瓣或八瓣不等，底有圈足。最能代表北方青瓷生产水平的器物，是河北景县封氏墓出土的4件莲花尊。其体积最大的一件高约70厘米，口至肩部有三周贴花，饰飞天纹、宝相花纹、兽面纹和蟠龙纹。肩有六系，其下有六层堆塑上覆下仰莲瓣纹。 北方瓷器生产虽晚于南方数百年，但它一旦掌握了青瓷生产之后，便迅速改进生产技术，提高工艺水平，并结合北方的人文特点，导致了白瓷的出现。白瓷是由青瓷发展而来的，两者的区别仅在于胎、釉中含铁量的不同。瓷土含铁量少则胎呈白色，含铁量多则胎色较暗，呈灰、浅灰或深灰色。就瓷器本身的发展而言，是从单釉瓷向彩瓷发展的，无论是褐绿彩、白地黑花、青花、釉里红，还是斗彩、五彩、粉彩或珐琅彩，都是以白色为衬托，来展现各种色彩的艳丽与美妙的。所以，白瓷的产生，对瓷器的发展有及深远的影响，至唐代已形成“南青北白”的格局。 北齐武平六年（公元575年）范粹墓出土的10件白瓷器，是目前已知时代最早的白瓷器，有碗、杯、三系罐、四系罐、长颈瓶等。 唐代（公元618－917年）南方的青瓷、北方的白瓷 、三彩瓷；以及湖南长沙窑的复彩瓷均有较大的发展。 其中，长沙窑的瓷器在亚非13个国家、73个地点都有出土，说明它的影响遍及国内外。从其产品中的胡人雕塑、椰枣、棕榈纹样及书写阿拉伯文等方面来看，可能出现了专门为外销而生产的瓷器。 宋代（公元960－1279年）在唐代的基础之上，出现了“定、汝、官、哥、均”五大名窑并称于世的现象。 元代（公元1279－1368年）是中国瓷器生产承前启后的转折时期，在很多方面都有创新和发展。元世祖忽必烈至元十五年（公元1278年），元帝国在江西景德镇设立了“浮梁瓷局“，为景德镇瓷业生产的发展创造了有利条件，并为其在明清两代成为全国制瓷业中心和饮誉世界的“瓷都”打下了坚实的基础。元代景德镇在制瓷工艺上有了新的突破，最为突出的则是青花和釉里红的烧制。 青花瓷一般指的是由钴料作为呈色剂在胎上作画，然后罩以透明釉、经高温一次烧成，呈白地蓝花的釉下彩瓷。青花瓷充分体现了中国的民族特色，它一经在景德镇出现，就以极旺盛的生命力而迅速发展，成为生产的主流达数百年之久，并远销国内各地及亚、非诸国；釉里红是用铜红料作为呈色剂，在胎上绘以纹饰，在罩以透明釉，在高温还原气氛中烧成的呈釉下红彩的瓷器。釉里红的烧成难度大，成品率底，尤其是色纯正者少。釉里红呈色鲜艳，白地红花引人瞩目，极受人们的欢迎。 明（公元1368－1644年）清（公元1644－1911年）两代是中国瓷器生产最鼎盛时期，瓷器生产的数量和质量都达到了高峰。景德镇作为“瓷都”的确立，使景德镇窑统治明清两代瓷坛长达数百年，直至今日。当时，各种颜色釉瓷和彩绘瓷是景德镇制瓷水平的突出代表。 陶瓷之路与中外文化交流 进入汉代，著名的“丝绸之路”沟通了中外文化间的交流，中国逐渐被誉为“丝国”；进入中世纪后，伴随着中国瓷器的外销，中国又开始以“瓷国”享誉于世。从8世纪末开始，中国陶瓷开始向外输出。经晚唐五代到宋初，达到了一个高潮。这一阶段输出的陶瓷品种有唐三彩、邢窑（包括定窑）白瓷、越窑青瓷、长沙窑彩绘瓷和橄榄釉青瓷（即广东近海一带的窑口生产的碗和作为储藏容器的罐）。输出的地区与国别有：东北亚的朝鲜与日本；东南亚的新加坡、泰国、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、菲律宾；南亚的斯里兰卡、巴基斯坦和印度；西亚的伊朗、伊拉克、沙特阿拉伯、阿曼；北非的埃及；东非的肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚。此时海上交通路线主要有两条，一是从扬州或明州（今宁波）经朝鲜或直达日本的航线；二是从广州出发、到东南亚各国，或出马六甲海峡、进入印度洋，经斯里兰卡、印度、巴基斯坦到波斯湾的航线。当时有些船只继续沿阿拉伯半岛西航可达非洲。前述亚非各国中世纪遗迹出土晚唐五代宋初的瓷器，就是经过这两条航线而运输的。 宋元到明初是中国瓷输出的第二个阶段。这时向外国输出的瓷器品种主要是龙泉青瓷，景德镇青白瓷、青花瓷、釉里红瓷、釉下黑彩瓷，吉州窑瓷，赣州窑瓷，福建、两广一些窑所产青瓷，建窑黑瓷，浙江金华铁店窑仿钧釉瓷，磁州窑瓷，定窑瓷，耀州窑瓷等。特别值得一提的，是前述朝鲜新安海底沉船经11次发掘，出土陶瓷器2万余万件，除极个别的为朝鲜瓷和日本瓷外，均属中国所产，其中绝大多数已判明所属窑口。宋元外销瓷输往的国家较前大为增加，有东北亚、东南亚的全部国家，南亚和西亚的大部分国家，非洲东海岸各国及内陆的津巴布韦等国。宋、元、明初时期的航线，主要有航行到东北亚、东南亚诸国的航线及通往波斯湾等地的印度洋航线。这时期中国航海的成就主要表现在印度洋航线上。一是可从波斯湾沿海岸向西行进而到达红海的吉达港，然后上岸陆行至麦加；也可以在苏丹边界的埃得哈布港上岸，驮行至尼罗河，再顺河而下到福斯塔特（古开罗）；还可以从红海口越曼德海峡到东非诸国。二是开辟了从马尔代夫马累港直达非洲东海岸的横渡印度洋的航线。 明代中晚期至清初的200余年是中国瓷器外销的黄金时期。输出的瓷器主要是景德镇青花瓷、彩瓷、广东石湾瓷、福建德化白瓷和青花瓷、安溪青花瓷等。其中较精致的外销瓷多是国外定烧产品，其造型和装饰图案多属西方色彩，还有些在纹饰中绘有家族、公司、团体、城市等图案标志，称为纹章瓷。这时期的外销瓷数量很大，17世纪每年输出约20万件，18世纪最多时每年约达百万件。输出的国家有东亚的朝鲜半岛和日本、东南亚及欧美诸国。运输路线一条是从中国福建、广东沿海港口西行达非洲，继而绕过好望角，沿非洲西海岸航行达西欧诸国；另一条是从福建漳州、厦门诸港至菲律宾马尼拉，然后越太平洋东行至墨西哥的阿卡普尔科港，上岸后陆行，经墨西哥城达大西洋岸港口韦腊克鲁斯港，再上船东行达西欧诸国。在17和18世纪，中国瓷器通过海路行销全世界，成为世界性的商品，对人类历史的发展起了积极作用。
【专升本快速报名和免费咨询： 】2022年景德镇陶瓷大学专升本专业介绍：绘画专业已经公布，从培养目标、主要课程及就业方向等方面全面介绍了绘画专业专业，详情如下：一、培养目标：绘画专业(陶瓷绘画方向)是本校开设的一门突出以陶瓷材质为媒介，以绘画为表现手段的陶瓷艺术形式，培养学生进行艺术表达的专业。以融合各种绘画形态进行教学与研究，从陶瓷工艺、材料、以及艺术语言和观念等方面探讨其艺术可能性及其价值，探索传统陶瓷艺术与现当代艺术的融合，以纯艺术的视角研究陶瓷绘画艺术的意义。是我校在国内首位开展的一门特色专业。是秉承于以陶瓷艺术发展和人才培养为己任，立足于陶瓷行业的发展，依托于地域优势和时代的需要，以及多年的办学经验，建立在美术学一流学科的基础上，对接国内外学术前沿，强调绘画与陶瓷材质的结合，着力培养学生陶瓷绘画的创作和创新能力。二、主要课程：青花绘画、新彩绘画、颜色釉绘画、粉古彩绘画、素描人物写生，花卉(静物)写生，山水(风景)写生，釉下、釉上创作与实践，综合绘画，毕业考察、毕业创作与论文等。三、学制学位：艺术学学士学位，学制四年。四、就业方向：本专业毕业生经过四年的陶瓷绘画专业学习后，可以胜任中小学美术课的教学，特别是擅长于陶瓷材料绘画的教学，也可以进入画院研究所等绘画专业单位进行创作研究，也可以自己独立创业，以独立艺术家的角度服务于大众，把陶瓷绘画艺术推广给民众。2022年景德镇陶瓷大学专升本专业介绍：绘画专业已经公布，更多江西统招专升本资讯，请关注江西统招专升本栏目页面。专升本有疑问、不知道如何总结专升本考点内容、不清楚专升本报名当地政策，点击底部咨询官网，免费领取复习资料：
一、翻译类毕业论文选题 1．Study on Translation of Trade Marks and Culture 商标翻译与文化研究2．The Social and Cultural Factors in Translation Practice 影响翻译实践的社会和文化因素3．On the Translation of English Idioms 论英语习语的翻译4．Study on Features and Translation of English Idioms 英语习语翻译特点研究5．The Comparison and Translation of Chinese and English Idioms 中英习语翻译与比较6．Study on Loyalty in English-Chinese Translation 中英互译的忠实性研究7．Cultural Equivalence in Translation 翻译中的文化对等性研究8．Literature Translation and the Important of it文学翻译与重要性研究9．On the Du Fu’s Poems Translation论杜甫的诗词翻译10．The Analysis of Techniques for Learning a Foreign Language Through Translation 通过翻译学习外语的技巧分析11．中英颜色词的文化差异及翻译Cultural Differences and Translation in Chinese and English Color words翻译中不可译性的文化阐释12．An Cultural Perspective on Untranslatability 中英动物文化内涵的不同及翻译13．Cultural Connotation and Translation in Chinese and English Animals浅论翻译中的译者主体性发挥的度14．On Degree of Translator's Subjectivity in Translation修辞策略在广告英语中的效用探究15．A Probe of the Effect of Rhetorical Devices in English Advertisement16．Error Analysis of the English Translation of the Information about Scenic Spots in Wuhan武汉旅游景点资料的英译错误分析17．Semantic--Transliteration-the Most Favorable Method for Translating Foreign Words into Chinese音意兼译—外来词中译之首选方法18．A Tentative Study on the Cohesion and Coherence in Sun Zhili’s Chinese Translation of Pride and Prejudice浅论《傲慢与偏见》孙致礼中译本的衔接与连贯19．Chinese Translation of Attributive Clauses in English for Science and Technology科技英语中定语从句的汉译20．Film Titles and Their Translation——A cross-cultural perspective从跨文化角度分析电影片名及其翻译21．Translating Expressions on Public Signs from Chinese into English汉语公示语英译22．论文化差异与翻译Cultural differences and translation 23．商标名的翻译原则与品牌文化The Translation Principle of Brand Names and Brand Culture24．英文电影片名的翻译策略与翻译方法研究 On Translation of English Film Names25．意美、音美、形美--英文商标的汉译Beauty in Sense, Sound and Form--On Translation of English Trademarks into Chinese26．中文商标英译探On the Translation of Trademarks from Chinese into English二、文化类毕业论文选题27．国际商务谈判中的双赢语用策略The Win-Win Pragmatic Strategies in International Business Negotiation 28．Grice 的合作原则在国际商务谈判中的应用The Application of Grice’s Cooperation Principle in International Business Negotiation 29．中西文化面子观差异对比分析An Analysis on Differences between Chinese and Western Ideas on Face30．中西文化中女性角色意识差异及其对职业发展影响Differences between Chinese and Western Role Awareness of Women and the Effects on Their Career Development 31．英语学习中文化障碍Cultural Obstacles in English Learning32．从中西委婉语的对比透视中西文化差异Understand Chinese and English Cultural Differences through the Comparison between Chinese and western Euphenism33．中英禁忌语比较A Comparison between Chinese and English taboos34．从隐私权看中西文化差异A Comparison between Chinese and Western Cultural Differences from the Aspect of Privacy right 35．中西社会习俗比较A Comparison Between Chinese and Western Social Conventions36．言语行为理论及其应用Speech Act and its Application37．湖北经济学院英语自主学习现状调查A Survey on the Students’ English Autonomous Learning in Hubei University of Economics 38．湖北经济学院双语课程学习现状调查A Survey on Bilingual Courses’ Learning in Hubei University of Economics39．1The Cultural Connotation of English Etymology and the Teaching of English Vocabulary英语词源的文化内涵与词汇教学 40．English idioms—A Mirror Reflecting British Culture英语习语与英国文化反映41．On Values of Chinese from Perspective of Lexicon从词汇角度读中国人的价值观42．On Cultural Differences of Body Language between English and Chinese论中英体态语文化差异43．The Analysis on the Differences of Interpersonal Relationship between Eastern and Western People东西方人际关系要素差异探析44．Approach to Cultural Differences in Sino-U.S. Business Negotiation and its Impacts中美商务谈判中的文化差异及其影响探析45．Asymmetrical Features of Politeness Principle in Cross-cultural Communication跨文化交际中的礼貌原则的非对称性研究46．English and Chinese Euphemisms: A Comparison between Their Cultural Implications从英汉委婉语对比中透析中西文化差异47．On the Cultural Differences of the Etiquette Norms in Chinese and English Nonverbal Communication 中英非语言交际礼俗规范的文化差异研究48．A Comparative Study on the Different Cultural Connotations of Basic Chinese and English Color Words英汉基本颜色词文化内涵对比研究49．Characteristic and Cultural Differences of the English and Chinese Idioms 中英文习语的特点以及文化差异50．Chinese and Western Culture Values in Advertising Language从广告语中看中西方文化观51．The Differences of Family Values between China and American中国和美国家庭观差异52．The Comparison of Chinese and Western Interpersonal Relationships中西人际关系比较53．Cultural Difference Between Chinese and English on Politeness从中英文礼貌用语中看文化差异54．谈跨文化交际中的“面子”观 On Face Perception in Cross-cultural Communication55．委婉语在跨文化交际中的应用 The Application of Euphemism in Cross-cultural Communication56．从英汉习语看东西方文化异同 Differences and Similarities between Eastern and Western Cultures in Chinese and English Idioms57．中英文化中的礼貌对比研究A Contrastive Study of Politeness in English and Chinese Cultures58．解析文化差异引起的语用失误The Study of Pragmatic Failure: From the Perspective of Cultural Differences59．从文化角度论英汉语中的性别歧视On the Sexism in Chinese and English from the Cultural Perspective60．中美商务谈判中的文化因素探析Approach to Cultural Factors for the Sino-American Business Negotiation61．英汉道歉语的对比研究A contrastive study of apologies in English and Chinese62．跨文化交际中颜色词的运用Application of colors in intercultural communication63．英汉寒暄语的差异研究Some difference of small talks between Chinese and English64．不同交际风格中恭维语及其回应的研究Compliment and its response with different communication styles65．英汉动物词汇文化内涵意义对比研究The cultural connotations of animals in Chinese and English66．英语委婉语的功能与效果研究On functions and effects of euphemism in English67．中外幽默的跨文化对比A intercultural comparison between Chinese and foreign humor68．英语副语言交际研究A survey on communication of paralanguage三、语言类毕业论文选题69．语篇分析中的语境功能研究The function of context in discourse analysis70．语篇分析在英语阅读教学中的运用研究Discourse analysis in the application of teaching English reading 71．英语广告语言特点分析An analysis on the feature of English advertisement72．非语言交际与身势语研究Nov-verbal communication and gesture language73．英语委婉语研究About English euphemism
英语本科毕业论文选题的题目有哪些?下面是我整理的英语本科毕业论文题目，仅供参考。
英语本科毕业论文题目【1】
1 从《远离尘嚣》看偶然与巧合
2 从亨伯特看纳博科夫的流亡观
3 透过餐具看中西方饮食文化
4 从女性主义角度解读《太阳照常升起》中的女主角——勃莱特
5 从文化视角探讨隐喻的翻译
6 从生态批评角度看威廉·福克纳的《熊》中人与自然的关系
7 从功能对等角度分析常用英语修辞格汉译
8 任务型语言教学法的优势
9 自我身份的探寻—评拉尔夫·埃里森《看不见的人》
10 浅析英文报纸中体育新闻用语的模糊修辞
11 从电影《肖申克的救赎》和《当幸福来敲门》中探究美国人的个人主义
12 中美恭维言语行为跨文化比较研究
13 表现主义技巧在《推销员之死》中的运用
14 中国非英语专业学生在英语学习中使用元认知策略的情况调研
15 浅析英语中六种基本颜色词的英美文化内涵
16 浅析广告翻译中的文化顺应处理
17 从文化角度分析中美房地产广告的差异
18 浅析动画《加菲猫》和《加菲猫之双猫记》中的`享乐主义和利己主义
19 圣经原型解读《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》
20 论《卡斯特桥市长》中哈代的进化向善论思想
21 顺从的女人——分析《荒凉山庄》中埃斯特的形象
22 从中美传统节日对比看节日的文化内涵
23 成人的童话——《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》中象征主义的体现
24 简析网络时代英语全球化
25 《查泰莱夫人的情人》的生态女性主义解读
26 从社会文化价值方面比较中美情景喜剧差异
27 论《喧哗与骚动》中昆丁的宿命
28 《蝇王》的启示：理性的呼唤
29 中文旅游文本英译中的歧义现象分析
30 从中美婚宴差异看集体主义和个人主义
31 影响非英语专业大一新生口语输出的因素
32 《走出非洲》：走出迪内森的矛盾态度
33 旅游宣传资料中的误译与解决方法
34 从女性主义角度解读华顿《纯真年代》中的埃伦
35 电子词典与英语学习
36 英语习语与基督教
37 《伤心咖啡馆之歌》中爱米利亚性别身份分析
38 从关联理论的角度欣赏幽默翻译
39 英语缩略语及其语用功能
40 英专和非英专学生英语作文中错误的对比研究
41 武汉方言对英语语音的影响及其对教学的启示
42 中西行星命名的文化探源
43 英语新闻中的新词
44 中国古典诗歌英译中对“三美”理论的探索
45 从电影《七宗罪》浅析原罪
46 浅论体态语的社会功能
47 中西思维方式差异对中英语篇的影响
48 中国和西方国家婚俗的比较
49 浅析合作原则的违背在广告语言中的运用
50 浅析电影《推手》中中美家庭的文化冲突
英语本科毕业论文题目【2】
1.Study on Translation of Trade Marks and Culture
商标翻译与文化研究
2.The Social and Cultural Factors in Translation Practice
影响翻译实践的社会和文化因素
3.On the Translation of English Idioms
论英语习语的翻译
4.Study on Features and Translation of English Idioms
英语习语翻译特点研究
5.The Comparison and Translation of Chinese and English Idioms
中英习语翻译与比较
6.Study on Loyalty in English-Chinese Translation
中英互译的忠实性研究
7.Cultural Equivalence in Translation
翻译中的文化对等性研究
8.Literature Translation and the Important of it
文学翻译与重要性研究
9.On the Du Fu’s Poems Translation
论杜甫的诗词翻译
10.The Analysis of Techniques for Learning a Foreign Language Through Translation 通过翻译学习外语的技巧分析
11.中英颜色词的文化差异及翻译
Cultural Differences and Translation in Chinese and English Color words
翻译中不可译性的文化阐释
12.An Cultural Perspective on Untranslatability
中英动物文化内涵的不同及翻译
13.Cultural Connotation and Translation in Chinese and English Animals
浅论翻译中的译者主体性发挥的度
14.On Degree of Translators Subjectivity in Translation
修辞策略在广告英语中的效用探究
15.A Probe of the Effect of Rhetorical Devices in English Advertisement
16.Error Analysis of the English Translation of the Information about Scenic Spots in Wuhan 武汉旅游景点资料的英译错误分析
17.Semantic--Transliteration-the Most Favorable Method for Translating Foreign Words into Chinese
音意兼译外来词中译之首选方法
18.A Tentative Study on the Cohesion and Coherence in Sun Zhili’s Chinese Translation of Pride and Prejudice
浅论《傲慢与偏见》孙致礼中译本的衔接与连贯
19.Chinese Translation of Attributive Clauses in English for Science and Technology 科技英语中定语从句的汉译
20.Film Titles and Their TranslationA cross-cultural perspective
从跨文化角度分析电影片名及其翻译
21.Translating Expressions on Public Signs from Chinese into English
汉语公示语英译
22.论文化差异与翻译
Cultural differences and translation
23.商标名的翻译原则与品牌文化
The Translation Principle of Brand Names and Brand Culture
24.英文电影片名的翻译策略与翻译方法研究
On Translation of English Film Names
25.意美、音美、形美--英文商标的汉译
Beauty in Sense, Sound and Form--On Translation of English Trademarks into Chinese
26.中文商标英译探
On the Translation of Trademarks from Chinese into English
27.国际商务谈判中的双赢语用策略
The Win-Win Pragmatic Strategies in International Business Negotiation
28.Grice 的合作原则在国际商务谈判中的应用
The Application of Grice’s Cooperation Principle in International Business Negotiation
29.中西文化面子观差异对比分析
An Analysis on Differences between Chinese and Western Ideas on Face
30.中西文化中女性角色意识差异及其对职业发展影响
Differences between Chinese and Western Role Awareness of Women and the Effects on Their Career Development
31.英语学习中文化障碍
Cultural Obstacles in English Learning
32.从中西委婉语的对比透视中西文化差异
Understand Chinese and English Cultural Differences through the Comparison between Chinese and western Euphenism
33.中英禁忌语比较
A Comparison between Chinese and English taboos
34.从隐私权看中西文化差异
A Comparison between Chinese and Western Cultural Differences from the Aspect of Privacy right
35.中西社会习俗比较
A Comparison Between Chinese and Western Social Conventions
36.言语行为理论及其应用
Speech Act and its Application
37.湖北经济学院英语自主学习现状调查
A Survey on the Students’ English Autonomous Learning in Hubei University of Economics
38.湖北经济学院双语课程学习现状调查
A Survey on Bilingual Courses’ Learning in Hubei University of Economics
39.1The Cultural Connotation of English Etymology and the Teaching of English Vocabulary
英语词源的文化内涵与词汇教学
40.English idiomsA Mirror Reflecting British Culture
英语习语与英国文化反映
41.On Values of Chinese from Perspective of Lexicon
从词汇角度读中国人的价值观
42.On Cultural Differences of Body Language between English and Chinese
论中英体态语文化差异
43.The Analysis on the Differences of Interpersonal Relationship between Eastern and Western People
东西方人际关系要素差异探析
44.Approach to Cultural Differences in Sino-U.S. Business Negotiation and its Impacts
中美商务谈判中的文化差异及其影响探析
45.Asymmetrical Features of Politeness Principle in Cross-cultural Communication
跨文化交际中的礼貌原则的非对称性研究
46.English and Chinese Euphemisms: A Comparison between Their Cultural Implications
从英汉委婉语对比中透析中西文化差异
47.On the Cultural Differences of the Etiquette Norms in Chinese and English Nonverbal Communication
中英非语言交际礼俗规范的文化差异研究
48.A Comparative Study on the Different Cultural Connotations of Basic Chinese and English Color Words
英汉基本颜色词文化内涵对比研究
49.Characteristic and Cultural Differences of the English and Chinese Idioms
中英文习语的特点以及文化差异
50.Chinese and Western Culture Values in Advertising Language
从广告语中看中西方文化观
★★★我是工程类课程老师，不是代写论文的，仅仅提供资料并进行探讨而已． ★★★★在我的个人中心有维普资讯的账号密码，需要的可以去那查找相关的论文期刊资料，如有不能使用的，麻烦提出，我尽快更新． 有人说我一直用类似的答案回答，但是我不得不这么做。学会自己搜索数据库对写论文是非常有帮助的，其实没有人会在网上真得写一篇论文出来，即使是收费的，也仅仅是东凑一点西拼一点而已，还不如自己去找呢！ 您也可以去以下网站找资料，然后提问索取全文(索取请先使用我个人中心的维普账号查看是否能自行下载）： ★（如果上不去，换） 是个收费网站，而且很贵！！！！但是你可以去那里查资料然后问我要全文，因为CNKI的资料很全，有3400多万篇文章。 当然你在任何论文网站或数据库下载全文遇到收费时，都可以向我寻求帮助！ 中国知网，你上去输入关键词，搜索一下就有了 索取全文参看 搜索结果如： 1. 浅谈中西文化差异与翻译 被引次数:67次 朱耀先 文献来自:中国翻译 1997年 第04期 浅谈中西文化差异与翻译浅谈中西文化差异与翻译朱耀先文化差异是翻译中的障碍和难题。要在两种语言之间进行翻译,除了通晓两种语言文字外,还必须了解两种文化,深刻理解两种文化之间的差异。本文拟从历史文化、地域文化、习俗文化 ... 2. 英汉基本颜色词文化内涵的共性与差异 被引次数:3次 卢玮 文献来自:十堰职业技术学院学报 1998年 第02期 颜色词与民族心理;(2)颜色词与尊卑等级;(3)颜色词与民俗;(4)颜色词与宗教,探讨了英汉基本颜色词所蕴藏的文化内涵 ... 3. 从英汉颜色词透视中西文化差异 徐湘平 文献来自:怀化学院学报 2007年 第03期 神与形的文化差异造就了汉英颜色词的不同。四、颜色词所体现的民俗文化差异中英两国所处的社会文化背景不同,颜色词体现出鲜明的民族性,反映了两种语言丰富的民俗文化用语及历史渊源。在英语文化中各自有许多丰富的典故。汉文化中的大 ... 4. 英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异 陈永烨 文献来自:辽宁工程技术大学学报(社会科学版) 2005年 第04期 更要注重文化个性的冲突。英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异@陈永烨$河南经贸职业学院外语旅游系 ... 了解并掌握这些颜色词的语义及其引申意义差异性,对促进中西文化交流和翻译实践有一定的现实指导意义。[1]张丛江,王雪梅 ... 5. 从颜色词看英汉语言中的文化差异 被引次数:1次 郭晓英 文献来自:天水师范学院学报 2005年 第03期 产生于社会文化中的颜色词,由于其生成土壤的不同,其所涵盖的信息和赋予的意义也不一样。以下笔者将从七个方面探讨颜色词在英汉语言中的差异。一、不同政治制度导致的差异各民族由于不同的政治经济制度,他们利用不同颜色代表政治派别或 ... 6. 谈英语文化语用教学及颜色词的中西差异 张丽 文献来自:连云港师范高等专科学校学报 2002年 第03期 是一种永久性的文化现象。本文试图从颜色词中西文化对比的角度 ,去分析、探究各民族文化发展对颜色词的象征意义的影响。[1]夏征龙 ... 7. 从“礼貌”特征看中西文化差异 被引次数:5次 韦琴红 文献来自:临沂师范学院学报 2001年 第03期 与英语民族性注重隐私和个人自主性存在着巨大的文化差异。只有了解了这种由于中西文化的不同所导致的礼貌问题上的文化差异,才可以避免语用失误,达到跨文化交际成功的目的。[1]邓炎昌,刘润清 ... 8. 漫谈汉英颜色词的文化内涵 被引次数:4次 潘章仙 文献来自:浙江师大学报(社会科学版) 1996年 第05期 以便从中窥见不同民族文化对语言产生的巨大影响力和渗透力。一、颜色词的感情色彩所谓颜色词指的是那些描写事物颜色的词语 ... 9. 浅谈汉语词语的文化意义与中西文化差异 被引次数:2次 陈岩 文献来自:黑龙江社会科学 2005年 第02期 词语的文化意义充分反映该语言社团的生活现实和该语言社团成员对词的所指对象的心理印象,最能反映民族差异,同时也对词语的理解产生干扰。浅谈汉语词语的文化意义与中西文化差异@陈岩$东北农业大学国际文化教育学院 ... 10. 颜色词语与中西文化差异 张立改 刘丽娟 文献来自:河北自学考试 2007年 第08期 颜色词语与中西文化差异@张立改 @刘丽娟<正>英汉语言习惯不同,风俗各异,表示颜色的方法和用词也不尽相同,就是对同一颜色的理解与使用也有差异。随着人类文明的不断发展,表示颜色的词汇也相应地不断得到丰富,其意 ... 上一页 1 [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] 下一页
英语专业主要看的是英语能力吧。你可以翻译下别人其他专业的论文
中西文化中颜色词语的象征意义 The symbolic meaning of the color word of between China and western countries Summary: Show in the Chinese-English language the words of different colors or color is very abundant. We not merely should pay attention to observing themselves' basic meaning, should paying attention to the deep and broad symbolic meaning of their meaning even more, because their symbolic meaning often has different characteristics in different national languages, some characteristics even form people to the advocating and taboo of the color after guiding stretching , transferred meaning. The difference of symbolic meanings of the color between such different culture is because of each national difference and producing of historical background , aesthetic psychology of culture, sanctified by usage in the sediment of development , history in the society, it is a kind of permanent culture phenomenon. The angle that this text attempts to compare from Chinese and Western culture with analysis, probe into various nationalities' culture to develop the impact on symbolic meaning of the color word. The human language is extensive and profound, different countries, the unique glamour that different and national color words demonstrate, make people regard with special esteem. In Great Britain's Chinese-English language, all very abundant to displaying different colors or the word of the color. We not merely want to understand their each one's own basic meaning, should pay attention to the deep and broad symbolic meaning of their meaning even more. Because often there are different characteristics in different national languages in symbolic meanings of the color, some characteristics have not represented the meaning of its word itself yet, but guide stretching, transferred meaning to it. First , midwest square color word because of our country and hopeless the greater part English country ten thousand li apart objective cause , symbolic meaning of difference, in the geographical position , scene that history aches , very great difference exists aesthetically psychologically, so the feeling of seeking the color word will not be the same. The symbolic meaning that a color word shows will be various naturally . This text will do some brief contrasts and discussions on the color of the word and symbolic meaning difference in Chinese and Western culture. By the look of definition of the color, color through eyes brain and people a kind of vision effect to the light experience of life produce, it is a vision phenomenon launched , reflecting or causing through certain light wave by the object, it is a kind of basic domestic animal of the human eye vision . About the definition of, it is relatively short to going through the time of the feudal society, and in nearly modern science is popularized and the west of development says at full speed, it is easier they accepted. The west relatively pays attention to the analysis things with rational science from the beginning, display it to the objective world and realistic scientific attitude known objectively. So, the symbolic meaning of the color is often more direct in western culture, generally symbolize some abstract cultural meaning with the concrete color of objective things For example: Western culture " getting red " to point color of " blood " but blood surge forward life liquid of the human body among the mind in westerner mainly, once the blood trickles, the life stops , so, the red make people associate it with the violence , dangerous, thus produced to the red taboo. Western Sinologist translate " Dream of the Red Chamber " may because of the fact that consider " red " make them is it bleed to associate it with, so adopted title " the stone is written " that the novel had used originally, English meant story of the stone to compare with the western civilization, Chinese culture is of long standing and well established, the feudal society that China goes through several thousand years, education and science lag behind relatively, so, in Chinese culture, the thought that the color expresses has strong mystery flavor, the development of the objective reality receives China's social development relatively largely. Color intension and symbolic meaning are very abundant in Chinese culture, and the symbolic meaning of the color word is plural. For example, the red in Chinese culture comes from the sun. Our ancestor has a kind of instinctive attachment and worships to the sunshine, the red joyous and lucky production naturally of purpose. With getting white as example and then, in mankind initial stage, our ancestor is small and weak and unable, make them completely exposed in broad daylight, an attack of the irresistible fiendish beast of prey, therefore the dialogue color has a kind of instinctive frightened sense, so the white becomes a kind of color and prohibits avoiding as taboo in Chinese culture. It is obvious; the symbolic meaning of the color demonstrates the human psychological characteristics at the same time. Second, concrete description of different symbolic meanings of the color in Chinese and Western culture. , the red advocates the color basically in our country's culture. It is lucky , joyous that it symbolizes; For example facilitate others bright marriage name " matchmaker ", joyous day will be it register for bright red lantern to want, stick to and form uniting red, the red good fortune word: The man sticks the bright red " liking " word while marrying the daughter and is married, one is lively | The prosperity is named " flourishing "; It symbolizes the revolution and progress again, for instance, Communist Party of China's initial regime is named " red regime ", the initial arms are called " the Red Army "; It is it smoothly , succeed to symbolize too, such as to very kind to known as " becoming much more popular " circumstances have people; Trusted unduly and called " the favourite follower " by the superior ; Assign to and manage profits and shout and " share out bonus", load the end with the beautiful woman to call " the beauty " ,etc.. The red is one to demote symbol that the word with quite strong purpose is " fire , blood " in western culture, representatives are cruel and ferocious and bleeding. If (1), is it massacre with violence is it claim for The red rules of tooth and claw (2 ) bloody to revenge for red revenge to ruling to describe; It symbolizes the radical violent revolution again, such as (1)It is a red revolution to describe the red revolution (2)Radical political movement represent for red hot political campaign (3 ) the Left radical activity commendatory as for a getting red one for red activities, for instance joyous day the red carpet of red days, grand reception ,etc., benefit from different culture and exchange and merge. 2, White and red and opposite, it is a basic taboo word; reflect Chinese are in the material and spiritual abandoning and disgust. The white does not have blood color, dead behavior; symbolize the death, ill omen. If the relative has wanted to wrap rough Dai Xiao after dying since ancient times, worn the white mourning dress, is called the funeral, set up the white mourning hall , should hit the white long narrow flag while carrying a coffin to the cemetery . Getting white word is it reach political influence is it fail, be unwise, is it take to have no profit to signify also to like in the course of its development, such as party that fail play " white flag " say that surrenders always among war; Call person with low intelligence " eat free ", exert oneself but make the advantage or come to naught and is named " busy oneself to no purpose " | " waste strength ". Finally, it signifies there is little knowledge, there is not fame and gain, such as calling rank and file “the commoner ", temper being scarce, scholar not deep calls “the pale-faced scholar ",etc. the experience. Western culture getting white symbolic meaning focus on one's own color their mainly, snow such as being new, fresh milk and color of the lily. Westerners think it white and graceful and pure, so it is the advocating color in the western culture. It is evil that it signifies that too pure to have, such as (1) a white souls, pure white wedding bride's wedding in white full dress of soul (2 ); It is honest , honest that it symbolizes again, such as (1) a white spirit honest soul (2)A white men is noble, an educated person. (3)White hand is honest; It is honest , honest that it symbolizes again, such as (1) a white spirit honest soul (2)A white men is noble, an educated person. (3)White hand is honest; It symbolize lucky too, if (1) somebody, life of one of the white days o f sib’s, it have legal and having hostile meaning lucky day of the life, such as (1) white market legal market, 3, the black has heavy mysterious senses in Chinese culture, it is a kind of serious and serious tone, and its symbolic meaning seems comparatively complicated because of affecting by western culture. On one hand it symbolizes serious , justice, black face Boa Zhen in the popular legend , black type of facial make up of Zhang Fey , Li Chui in traditional Beijing opera ,etc.; It again because a one's own one their dark to give somebody sinisterly , sinister and terrific feeling while being unglazed on the other hand. It symbolizes evilly, reactionary, such as meaning the sinisterly vicious person is a black heart, hidden repulsive inside information is " shady deal ", members of the reactionary group are the reactionary gang, evil backstage manipulator, call the ruler for the list of the dissident that draws up blacklist, (2) legal bright form that white list is sanctioned, (3) a white lie harmless lie. It show crime , break the law, such as is it do bandit conduct shout " walk the underworld " , is it kill robbery of goods , do illegal inn of business name the gangster inn to claim to claim, the violated goods trade calls the black market, is named the dirty money and waited with the money that the illegal means is obtained It is the basic taboo color in the western culture to be black (black), have reflected westerner's spiritual abandoning and disgust. It symbolizes the death , ill omen , disaster, if (1) Black Mass fits fairy Mass, (2) to wear black for her father is her father Dai Xiao, (3)black words unlucky words, (4) the fierce day of a black letter day; It symbolizes the evilness , crime, such as (1) the evil devil of Black Man, (2) a black de ed extremely abominable black guard ruffian , hooligan of behavior (3 ); It symbolizes shame, inglorious too, if a black eye disgraced , bad reputation of a black mark stain (2 ) of (1 ); Depressed , angry that it still symbolizes, such as (1) black dog depressed mood, (2) The future looks black prospects are dim, (3)He gave me a black look. He is looking at me in a great rage. 4,In a word there is a very great difference in different national culture in the symbolic meaning of the color word. Fundamentally, among Chinese culture, symbol of color based on China in the past ruling of feudalism, feudalistic superstition and primitive, backward science, educational state take shape, so the symbolic meaning of the color has quite strong inclination of politicizing and mystifying. The color in western culture signifies that benefits from the popularization degree of the national opening in the west and science , education more, symbolic meaning its little and mysterious, getting many some reason, make sometime , motivation easy to track the meaning of a word its. Symbolic meanings of the color between different cultures are all sanctified by usage in the sediment of development, history in the society; it is a kind of permanent culture phenomenon. , interesting, humor, cordial that they can make the language more vivid! List of references: 1, “modern Chinese dictionary ", Foreign Language Teaching and Research Publishing House. June of 1998 2, Zhang Devin, " informal discussion of Chinese and foreign languages ", the publishing house of university of Henna is 1999. 3, Li Yantis, <>, the 2nd Foreign Language Inst. of Beijing, 1998 4, Jig Mingling, " the social cultural meaning of English color word is analyzed ", the journal of Zhen Zhou University, 1997. 3 5, " 300 Tang poetries ", Jillian People's Press, 1999. 汉英语言中表示各种不同颜色或色彩的词语都很丰富。我们不仅要注意观察它们本身的基本意义，更要留心它们含义深广的象征意义，因为它们的象征意义在不同民族语言中往往有不同的特点，有些特点甚至构成了人们对经过引伸、转义以后颜色的崇尚和禁忌。这种不同文化之间颜色象征意义的差异是由于各自民族的文化历史背景、审美心理的不同而产生的，是在社会的发展、历史的沉淀中约定俗成的，是一种永久性的文化现象。本文试图从中西文化对比的角度，去分析、探究各民族文化发展对颜色词的象征意义的影响。 在人类语言中，颜色词语表现出的独特魅力，令人刮目相看。在汉英语言中，表示各种不同颜色或色彩的词都很丰富。我们不仅要注意观察它们本身的基本意义，更要留心它们含义深广的象征意义，因为颜色的象征意义在不同民族语言中往往有不同的特点，有些特点甚至构成了人们对经过引伸、转义以后颜色的崇尚和禁忌。由于我国与绝大部分英语国家相隔万里，地理位置、自然现象、历史背景、审美心理等千差万别，人们对于颜色的感受和表达不尽相同。这样，颜色的象征意义在中西文化之间自然又会产生很大的差异。本文拟就中西文化中词语的颜色、词语的象征意义作一些对比和探讨，以求教于同行和读者。 从科学的定义来说，颜色是由物体发射、反射或透过一定光波所引起的视觉现象，是人眼视觉的一种基本特征。颜色生成的这种定义，对经历封建社会时间相对短，且在近代和现代教育和科学得到普及和飞速发展的西方来说，是比较易于为他们所接受的。西方从文明一开始，就比较注重科学理性的教育和科学方法的发现，对客观世界和客观认识采取现实的科学态度。因此，西方文化中颜色的象征意义往往比较直接，一般是用客观事物的具体颜色来象征某些抽象的文化含义，所以更易追溯其语义理据和逻辑理据。例如：西方文化中的红色（red）主要指鲜血（blood）颜色，而blood在西方人心目中是奔腾在人体内的"生命之液"。一旦鲜血流淌下来，生命之花也就凋谢。所以red使西方人联想到"暴力"和"危险"产生了一种颜色禁忌。美国学者阿思海姆在他的《色彩论》中说："色彩能有力的表达情感。……红色被认为是令人激动的，因为它能使我们想到火、血和革命的含义。"著名汉学家霍克斯在翻译"红楼梦"时，由于意识到red可能使现代英语读者联想到“暴力"、"流血"，所以采用小说原来曾使用的书名《石头记》，译为The story of the stone。但是由于中国经历了几千年的封建社会以及教育和科技的相对落后，在中国文化中，颜色的生成具有强烈的神秘色彩，它的发展受到中国社会文化发展的较大影响。在先秦，颜色词就已经与古人的世界观、哲学思想联系在一起，后来又与政治挂钩。所以中国文化中的颜色内涵和象征意义十分丰富，而且颜色词的象征意义是多元 的。例如，从文化人类学角度来讲，中国文化中的红色源于太阳，因为烈日如火，其色赤红。我们的初祖在祭祈巫舞的过程中，对阳光有一种本能的依恋和崇拜，红色的喜庆和吉祥之意自然而然地产生了。古人还认为"日至而万物生" （《淮南子•天文训》）感到阳光下万物繁茂，生机勃勃，令人振奋，因而对代表太阳的红色产生了特别亲切的感情。再以白色为例，在人类初始阶段，我们的祖先弱小而无力，无法抗拒凶恶猛兽的攻击、光天化日的白昼使他们暴露无遗，有一种随时都有被食肉猛兽扑食的危险，因而对白色有一种本能的恐惧感；另外，我们的初祖还观察到"月到中秋分外明"，因而认为明月与萧煞的秋季连在一起，而代表秋天的颜色也就是白色了（银白色的中秋之月）。这样白色在中国文化里就成了一种颜色禁讳。可见颜色的象征意义在漫长的历史进程中的约定俗成的，体现出某种心理功能。下面我们就中西文化中颜色的不同象征意义进行具 体描述。 1、红色 红色是我国文化中的基本崇尚色，它体现了中国人在精神和物质上的追求。它象征着吉祥、喜庆，如把促 成他人美好婚姻的人叫"红娘"，喜庆日子要挂大红灯笼、贴红对联、红福字；男娶女嫁时贴大红"喜"字，把热闹、兴旺叫做"红火"；形容繁华、热闹的地方叫"红尘"；它又象征革命和进步，如中共最初的政权叫“红色政权”，最早的武装叫“红军”，把政治上要求进步、业务上刻苦钻研的人称为“又红又专”等；它也象征顺利、成功，如人的境遇很好被称为"走红"、"红极一时"，得到上司宠信的叫"红人"，分到合伙经营利润叫"分红"，给人发奖金叫"送红包"等；它还象征美丽、漂亮，如指女子盛妆为"红妆"或"红装" ，把艳妆女子称为"红袖"，指女子美艳的容颜为"红颜"等。 西方文化中的红色（red）则是一个贬意相当强的词，是"火"、"血"的联想，它象征着残暴、流血，如（1）The red rules oftooth and claw残杀 和暴力统治，（2）red revenge血腥复仇，（3）ared battle血战 ；它又象征激进、暴力革命，如（1）red hotpolitical campaign激烈的政治运动，（2）a red revolution 赤色革命，（3）red activities左派激进活动；它也象征危险、紧张，如（1）red alert空袭报警，（2）a red adventure story一个令人紧张的冒险故事，（3）a red flag危险信号旗；它还象征着放荡、淫秽，如（ 1）a red waste of his youth他那因放荡而浪费的青春，（2）ared light district花街柳巷（红灯区），（ 3）Is she really sored as she is painted？难到她真的象人们所描绘的那样放荡吗？ 至于红色的褒义，如red—letter day喜庆的日子，the red carpet隆重的接待等，则得益于不同文化之间 的交流和融合。据考证，red的褒义是从远东经波斯传到西方的。 2、白色 在中国文化中，白色与红色相反，是一个基本禁忌词，体现了中国人在物质和精神上的摈弃和厌恶。在中国古代的五方说中，西方为白虎，西方是刑天杀神，主萧杀之秋，古代常在秋季征伐不义、处死犯人。所以白色是枯竭而无血色、无生命的表现，象征死亡、凶兆。如自古以来亲人死后家属要披麻戴孝（穿白色孝服）办"白事"，要设白色灵堂，出殡时要打白幡；旧时还把白虎视为凶神，所以现在称带给男人厄运的女人为"白虎星"。白色的心理功能在其发展过程中由于受到政治功能的影响，又象征腐朽、反动、落后，如视为"白专道路"；它也象征失败、愚蠢、无利可得，如在战争中失败的一方总是打着“白旗”表示投降，称智力低下的人为"白痴"，把出力而得不到好处或没有效果叫做"白忙"、"白费力"、"白干"等，它还象征奸邪、阴险，如"唱白脸"、"白脸"奸雄；最后，它还象征知识浅薄、没有功名，如称平民百姓为"白丁"、"白衣"、"白身"，把缺乏锻炼、阅历不深的文人称作"白面书生"等。 西方文化中的白色象征意义主要着眼于其本身色彩，如新下的雪、新鲜牛奶及百合花的颜色。西方人认为白色高雅纯洁，所以它是西方文化中的崇尚色。它象征纯真无邪，如（1）awhitesoul纯洁的心灵，（2）whitewedding新娘穿白礼服的婚礼；它又象征正直、诚实，如（1）awhitespirit正直的精神，（2）whitemen高尚、有教养的人，（3）whitehand廉洁、诚实；它也象征幸运、吉利，如（1）oneofthewhitedaysofsb'slife某人生活中的吉日之一，（2）whitemagic有天使相助的法术；它还有合法、无恶意的意思，如（1）whitemarket合法市场，（2）whitelist经过批准的合法明单，（3）awhitelie无害的谎言。 3、黑色 古代黑色为天玄，原来在中国文化里只有沉重的神秘之感，是一种庄重而严肃的色调，它的象征意义由于受西方文化的影响而显得较为复杂。一方面它象征严肃、正义，如民间传说中的"黑脸"包公，传统京剧中的张飞、李逵等人的黑色脸谱；另一方面它又由于其本身的黑暗无光给人以阴险、毒辣和恐怖的感觉。它象征邪恶、反动，如指阴险狠毒的人是"黑心肠"，不可告人的丑恶内情是"黑幕"，反动集团的成员是"黑帮"、"黑手"，把统治者为进行政治迫害而开列的持不同政见者的名单称为"黑名单"，它又表示犯罪、违法，如称干盗匪行径叫"走黑道"，称杀人劫货、干不法勾当的客店叫做"黑店"，违禁的货物交易叫"黑货"、"黑市"，用贪赃受贿等非法手段得来的钱叫"黑钱"等。 黑色（black）是西方文化中的基本禁忌色，体现了西方人精神上的摈弃和厌恶。它象征死亡、凶兆、灾难，如（1）BlackMass安灵弥撒，（2）towearblackforhcrfather为她父亲戴孝，（3）blackwords不吉利的话，（4）ablackletterday凶日；它象征邪恶、犯罪，如（1）BlackMan邪恶的恶魔，（2）ablackdeed极其恶劣的行为，（3）blackguard恶棍、流氓，（4）blackmail敲榨、勒索；它也象征耻辱、不光彩，如（1）ablackmark污点，（2）blacksheep败家子，（3）ablackeye丢脸、坏名声，它还象征沮丧、愤怒，如（1）blackdog沮丧情绪，（2）Thefuturelooksblack前途暗淡，（3）Hegavemeablacklook。他怒气冲冲地看着我。 4、其他颜色 黄色在中国文化中是红色的一种发展变异，如旧时人们把宜于办大事的日子称为“黄道吉日”，但是它更代表权势、威严，这是因为在古代的五方、五行、五色中，中央为土黄色。黄色象征中央政权、国土之义，所以黄色便为历代封建帝王所专有，普通人是不能随便使用"黄色"的，如"黄袍"是天子的"龙袍"，"黄钺"是天子的仪仗，"黄榜"是天子的诏书，"黄马褂"是清朝皇帝钦赐文武重臣的官服。至于现在流行的与"性"有关的"黄色"观念，有一种说法是中西文化交流融合的一种现象。据说美国纽约的《世界报》用黄色油墨印刷低级趣味的漫画以争取销路，人们便称这一类不健康的刊物为“黄色刊物”.
帮你找到了,可是要付费,3元,链接在下面英汉颜色词的文化内涵与翻译The Cultural Connotations and Translation of Color Words in Chinese and English梁燕华摘 要：自然界是色彩斑斓的,各民族在长期的历史沉淀中都形成了各自独特的颜色观,折射出绚丽多姿的民族文化.该文从跨文化交际的角度,以文化内涵为切入点,探讨英汉颜色词的异同,强调不同文化中颜色词的民族特性及其翻译的处理.关键词：颜色词;文化内涵;异同;翻译分类号：H315.9 文献标识码：A文章编号：1008-7486(2002)03-0149-04作者简介：梁燕华(1972-),女,壮族,广西大学外国语学院讲师,在读硕士(学位),研究方向为英语语言学.作者单位：梁燕华（广西大学,外国语学院,广西,南宁,530004）参考文献：〔1〕Wierzbick A.Semantics,culture,and cognition.New York:Oxford University Press,1992.〔2〕许慎.说文解字[M].北京:中华书局,1963.〔3〕王秉钦.文化翻译学[M].天津:南开大学出版社,1995.〔4〕詹人凤.现代汉语语义学[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997.〔5〕包惠南.文化语境与语言翻译[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2001.〔6〕符淮青.词义的分析与描写[M].北京:语言出版社,1996.〔7〕于逢青.论汉语颜色词的人文特性[J].东北师大学报,1999,(5):78～84.〔8〕朱耀先.浅谈中西文化差异与翻译[J].中国翻译,1997,(4):7～10.〔9〕陆谷孙.英汉大词典[M].上海译文出版社,1993.收稿日期：2002年5月13日出版日期：2002年9月1日