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据学术堂了解，在英文论文写作之前，需要做的主要是文献资料的收集、整理和分析工作。针对这篇论文，你应该对功能对等理论的概念、特点、应用、影响力进行全面的了解。了解这个理论是如何产生的，理论基础是什么？谁提出的？又有谁发展了这个理论？这个理论的演变和扩展情况如何？在我国的发展和应用情况如何？在翻译领域的应用情况如何？在翻译领域的应用评价情况如何？有哪些不足？有哪些优势？未来发展的方向是什么？以上内容需要自己在论文正式写作之前就开展起来，有了自己的思路和想法，再进行细化，做出比较规范的提纲，跟老师讨论其可行性，经过老师的指点，自己深入理解，再开始写论文。切勿在自己对论文中所应用的理论和所研究的内容理解不深、不细的情况下就开始写作。
第一：在动笔写你的论文之前，最基本的就是要选择一个合适的题目，题目如果选择错误或者不合适那么将给之后的Proposal或者正文都带来很大麻烦。和导师商量好题目是最重要的，论文是否通过掌握在导师手里。别小看Research method，越早定夺越好。第二：阅读查找一些相关背景资料，研究方向搞清楚了，心理有一套方案了，接下去的就是找导师。多听一下他的看法，多和导师沟通，导师丰富的经验会给你很有用的意见。在这期间千万耐心不断推敲，直到你的导师满意。第三：正文的主体部分，就是把你自己的设想，解决步骤，解决方案方法，证明，清晰的写出来。要做到如果不是你所写论文相关专业的人，都能看了明白你论文的概念。这里要说一点很重要，关于证明，方法，分析，务必逻辑思维清晰，切记不能长篇大论，毫无重点。当然依旧要给导师看过他满意。第四：就是要对你写的成果进行测试，期间依旧要咨询导师，征求他的意见。每一个步骤都要抓图保存好交给导师过目，对于每一个图片都应有合理的解释和对比，只需描述不新需要分析。第五：对于测试结果的分析，分析方法是什么：在什么环境下，参考结果是什么，方法结果是什么，有什么不一样，趋势如何，Improvement有多少。千万别写得很复杂，绝对不能像写雅思作文那样。核心东西是多少写多少。第六：在背景部分需要住的地方就是，写作方法是围绕你想要解决问题来写。例如，你所提出的问题是什么，研究方向领域是什么，之前有哪些解决方式，最终结果是怎样的等等。
我们学校在复试的时候面试阶段也会有英文文献翻译，因为我是保研的，之前经过一次面试，所以我们学校的情况是会准备几段英文文献的纸条，然后进去之后你随便抽一段，读出来，有专门的老师会纠正你的英语发音，读完或者读了一部分之后会把纸条收走，让你复述内容，其实很少有人能马上复述出来的，因为在读的时候总是在注意发音，可能主要看看你的英文功底怎样吧~不要紧张，祝你成功呀~
1、论文题目
2、摘要与关键词
3、目录
4、翻译任务描述：主要写有关报告的背景，翻译任务的内容，目的、意义及报告整体结构。
5、翻译过程描述：包括译前——准备、文本特点分析、有关文献的查阅等，译中——翻译工具、翻译策略的选择等，译后——译后的校对、修改等。
6、文献综述：对该研究领域的研究现状（包括主要学术观点、前人研究成果和研究水平、争论焦点、存在的问题及可能的原因等）、发展前景等内容进行综合分析、归纳整理和评论，并提出自己的见解和研究思路，而不仅仅是相关领域学术研究的“堆砌"。
7、案例分析：如何通过具体翻译案例将翻译理论运用到翻译实践中，应从不同维度、不同侧面，如从词汇、句法、语篇等方面分析理论与实践的结合。这部分一定要分析到位，突出理论如何对翻译实践起指导作用，但也不能生搬硬套，要做到理论指导实践。
8、结论：主要包括翻译实践的总结、主要发现、局限性以及展望。
9、参考文献：应使用规范的格式将引用的参考文献一一列出（如APA或MLA）。
10、致谢。
翻译报告注意事项：
1、合理拟定翻译选题和理论
研究理论与选题的匹配程度和创新程度大概率会影响报告质量！一个优秀的选题通常源于对现实问题的兴致。选题必须是明确的问题，并与具体的学术领域紧密关联。选择方向、提炼观点、确定理论是确立题目的必经之路。
如果实在迷茫，不知道选取哪个理论，就把所有有关翻译的理论找出来，列一个清单，选择最擅长、最稳妥的理论我们需要大量阅读、吃透所选理论和与翻译材料，积极查阅知网等文献检索工具，多多查看与所选理论和翻译材料相近的类似的实践报告，学习使用规范严谨的学术语言。
2、制定翻译计划
在阅读材料之前，应当先统筹制定一份翻译方案，确定翻译进程，确定译中、译后总结复盘事宜。在阅读翻译材料过程中，可以顺手记录材料中的生词、术语、长难句，优先进行翻译。
3、撰写结论
撰写结论的内容，包括以下三个方面：
1）翻译过程的总结。
2）翻译报告的局限性。
3）对翻译的进一步展望。可主要写翻译中的经验、收获、局限以及建议等。
毕业论文的英文翻译是thesis，音标是英 [ˈθi:sɪs] 美 [ˈθisɪs] 。
n.论文，毕业论文;论点，论题;命题
1、There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis.
他的论文缺乏实验证据的支持。
2、How well does this thesis stand up to close examination?
这个命题经得起推敲吗？
3、He has finished his thesis.
他的论文完成了。
4、She's finished writing her thesis.
她那篇论文写出来了。
5、Please write an abstract of this article 〔 thesis 〕.
请写一份这本书〔这篇论文〕的摘要。
The article has a clear-cut thesis and arguments, but lacks reasoning.
文章论点、论据鲜明，但缺乏论证。
The discussion demonstrates the space design Abstract: Demonstrated that the spacialism design, will be refers to the specific goods decorates and the demonstration design according to the specific subject and the goal. It is take the information transmission as the goal space design form, including the museum, the science and technology museum, the Guangzhou Export Commodities Fair, the exposition and each kind sells, the exposition and so on, but also has the market inside and outside display windows and the booth, the shelf arrangement. The modern demonstration is one has the rich content, involves the wide realm and along with the time development, but enriches its connotation unceasingly the topic. Demonstrated that the environment the space design is also one by the environmental art design discipline primarily, involves other many kinds of related discipline the design domain. In the design method and the project approach, demonstrated that the environment design has the environmental art discipline related domain, like indoor aspect and so on design, public space design, landscape design and visual transmission design characteristics; Simultaneously has at the same time own specialized characteristic. Says from the demonstration angle, demonstrated that the spacialism design the goal is not the demonstration itself, but through the design, utilization methods and so on space plan, plane layout, light control, color disposition, builds a rich artistic power and the artistic individuality demonstration environment; And through this environment, has the plan, to have the goal, to gather logic the content development which demonstrated to give the audience, and makes every effort to cause the audience to accept the designer to plan the transmission the information. The demonstration design including the thing, the location, the person and the time four essential factors, these four essential factors in fact constituted “the space”. The demonstration designs the successful key to lie in the space design the success. Therefore, designs in the research demonstration, we creative the steric factor take key, from “space” the angle obtains, to carry on the modernized demonstration design the research and the exploration. The space is demonstrated that in the design the base element, this article from the demonstration design's spatial concept, demonstrated in the environment to function space's processing, demonstrated the space design some basic principles and so on have discussed the space problem initially which in the demonstration design involves. How to process in the demonstration environment spatial and the spatial relations, with using the demonstration in illumination, how the color and the decoration afforests to build the comfortable spatial atmosphere, demonstrated that spatial questions and so on function have done the careful research.
Thesis For Graduation毕业论文Thesis For Academic Degree学位论文Thesis表示比较严肃的文章，是带有一定目的的，研究性的文章。学位论文，研究报告。
我最近在写毕业论文，所以很忙翻译是：I've been writing my thesis recently, so I'm busy
毕业论文用英语的翻译：毕业 论文 迅捷在线翻译：Graduation （毕业） thesis（论文）参考一下
This text mainly is the programming management present condition that educates the human resource that public section govern to the red river state of province of Yunnan to carry on the related inquisition sorting, then launching the estimate analysis of the rationalization.That public section always its human resource orchestration the programming put in managing the work of important position, set up to adapt the oneself development actively, and have the human resource programming system of special features of district, to solve the oneself difficulty and blemishs.First this thesis educates the development present condition of the public section human resource to commence currently from the our country, built-up thin turn, pass to educate the public section human resource programming development circumstance to carry on the synopsis to the province of Yunnan to say all, end return to the human resource development that the research object- Yunnan's province red river state of this thesis educates the public section up.Then, according to writer at thesis before prepare expect carry on of cultural heritage collection and data statistics, the present condition that passes the form of the chart to educated the public relations section human resource to the red river state carried on layering's facing to investigate the data to gather, and made a related estimate analysis.Say in a specific way, the chapter beginning educates the public relations section human resource development environment to carry on to the red river state to say the analysis all, include to educate the inquisition that the talented person develops the circumstance to that state and to 15 fulltime school faculty and staffs belong to of data statistics;Combine again the chart, or educate a few important links( include the cultural character of educate the human resource, salary management, the results 评 to hire and the talented person continue to train four aspects of etc.) that the personnel develops the actual circumstance to educate the public section to the red river state to program the management in the human resource to carry on the classification analysis currently according to that state, and integrate to carry on system's elaborate to the personnel system structure;End, the comprehensive front educates the analytical research of the public section human resource to that state, making use of the related covariance to learn the analytical method, laying particular emphasis on the ground to carry on the need estimate and supply to predict the analysis towards educating the human resource work.
Topic:Look from tencent mobile game layout mobile game industry in ChinaThe problems and developing trendAbstract:In recent years, the mobile Internet in China's development is swift and violent, and mobile phone games in the mobile Internet industry because of its fast development, the characteristics of high investment, strong cashability becomes a focus in the mobile Internet.According to a 2013 report on the work of the Chinese game industry, mobile game business income of about $ten billion last year, rose more than 150%.Late last year, 286 million smartphone users in China, in the free and paid applications download charts, game share were 78.4% and 46.9%, respectively, are listed first.China, on the other hand, the hand travel blowout market have to thank tencent company in its mobile instant messaging software introduced a micro letter hand tour called "plane".As of August 9, 2013 micro letter 5.0 release, tencent micro letter is also began its commercialization process, the micro letter is the first step into the commercial mobile game market.It has been proved that the mobile gaming platform on the basis of the micro letter is 2013 mobile game industry one of the biggest dark horse.Tencent from the second half of last year began to descend on mobile game industry, and in launched the war, cool run every day, every day coasters, rhythm and master after the game, have achieved very good results.Tencent each launch a mobile phone game is bound to occupy the App Store download list first for a long time, often appear that the App Store for free top ten more than general game developed for tencent or agent.Tencent launched mobile gaming platform just half a year time peremptory has become a mobile game industry leader, with the help of micro letters and phone QQ platform, tencent mobile game seems to have duplicate their success in the PC games.But it can not help but make people think: why tencent mobile game is so popular?Push the trend of the power comes from where?How long will tencent in the mobile gaming industry leading?This article from the several aspects to discuss the layout of the mobile game strategy of tencent and the refraction of the problems existing in the mobile gaming industry in China and the trend of development.望采纳谢谢
毕业论文的英文翻译是thesis，音标是英 [ˈθi:sɪs] 美 [ˈθisɪs] 。
n.论文，毕业论文;论点，论题;命题
1、There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis.
他的论文缺乏实验证据的支持。
2、How well does this thesis stand up to close examination?
这个命题经得起推敲吗？
3、He has finished his thesis.
他的论文完成了。
4、She's finished writing her thesis.
她那篇论文写出来了。
5、Please write an abstract of this article 〔 thesis 〕.
请写一份这本书〔这篇论文〕的摘要。
The article has a clear-cut thesis and arguments, but lacks reasoning.
文章论点、论据鲜明，但缺乏论证。
“论文答辩”"Thesis defense"“论文答辩”"Thesis defense"
问题一：通过论文答辩用英语怎么说 通过论文答辩 Through the thesis reply 通过论文答辩 Through the thesis reply 问题二：“如顺利通过论文答辩”用英文怎么说？ 如顺利通过论文答辩 If the oral defense goes *** ooth, If I can pass the oral defense successfully, 问题三：“论文答辩”，“答辩论文”英语怎么说？ the oral defense for a thes贰s the defensed thesis 问题四：博士学位答辩或论文答辩英语怎么说？ plea to Doctor's degree 或者 oral defense of Doctor's degree oral defense of thesis 问题五：国内毕业答辩的“答辩”，英文怎么表达 动词用 defend，名词用 defence。 问题六：“论文答辩”英语怎么说？ 5分 oral defense 或者说thesis defense 问题七：毕业答辩，用英语怎么翻译？谢谢 Graduation defence oral defence of Ph绩 口语的话常说viva
应该是 "Defense"，用“谷歌在线翻译”出来的，建议下次你可以在百度搜“谷歌在线翻译”，可以翻译的，很好用！！！
论文答辩”，“答辩论文” ＝ 在英国大学， 也有美国的， 用的是 viva 或viva voce, 意即口头测试。 viva 是拉丁字