发布时间：
会影响的。在做雾化的时候，需要佩戴专业的儿童面罩，这样才能减少对孩子身体发育方面的影响。
咳嗽是冬季儿童就诊的最常见症状之一，引起儿童咳嗽的原因复杂多样，其中，咳嗽高敏感性和气道高反应性是儿童感染后咳嗽的病理生理机制，而吸入型糖皮质激素（ICS）可以抑制气道炎症， 降低气道高反应性 ，成为临床重要的治疗手段。
目前可供儿童使用的 ICS
目前国内有三种用于儿童雾化吸入的 ICS 混悬液，包括布地奈德、丙酸倍氯米松和丙酸氟替卡松。
儿童使用 ICS 的方法
临床使用最多的是布地奈德，可配合吸入用异丙托溴铵，可显著改善咳嗽症状。常规使用方法可参照下表，感染后咳嗽可用 2～3 周 。
儿童使用 ICS 的优点
雾化吸入是最不需要患儿刻意配合的吸入疗法，适用于任何年龄的儿童。同时，雾化吸入为局部作用，吸入治疗的药量仅为全身用药量的几十分之一， 由此可避免或减少全身给药可能产生的潜在不良反应。
在家庭中开展雾化吸入治疗，可大大提高给药的及时性、方便性和舒适度。同时，可避免频繁去医院导致的交叉感染。患儿在熟悉的环境中进行治疗，能更好地配合吸入，避免因恐惧造成的哭闹。
常见不良反应及应对措施
与全身用糖皮质激素比较，尽管 ICS 的不良反应发生率低，但由于给药方式的特殊性，ICS 吸入后沉积在口咽部、喉部仍可造成局部不良反应。常见不良反应有口腔念珠菌感染，声音嘶哑，咽喉炎等
为了尽量避免以上不良反应的发生，应注意以下几点 ：
1、儿童尽可能使用口罩吸入（年幼者应使用面罩吸入器），优先选择密闭式面罩。
2、尽量在安静状态下进行雾化吸入治疗，避免哭闹时使用。
3、使用过程应注意尽量不要让雾化液进入眼睛；如发生应立即用清水清洗，并换用咬嘴。
4、使用后立即漱口。对于年幼儿无法漱口时，可用棉球蘸水擦拭口腔后，再适量喂水，以减少口咽部的药物沉积，减少真菌感染等不良反应的发生。
5、使用面罩者嘱其及时洗脸，或用湿毛巾抹干净口鼻部以下的雾珠，以防残留雾滴刺激口鼻皮肤引起皮肤过敏或受损，婴幼儿面部皮肤薄，血管丰富，残留药液更易被吸收，需及时洗漱。
6、年幼儿要及时翻身拍背，有助于使粘附于气管、支气管壁上的痰液脱落，保持呼吸道通畅。
7、治疗过程中应密切观察生命体征。如出现频繁咳嗽、气促、气道痉挛等症状时应立即暂停雾化治疗进行观察，待缓解后评估是否适合继续治疗。
8、在联合应用异丙托溴铵和/或硫酸沙丁胺醇雾化吸入治疗时，应加强观察，对于出现不良反应的患者可考虑暂停雾化吸入治疗，并观察心率、脉搏等指标，严重者及时就医。
9、雾化吸入装置应该专人专用，避免交叉污染，每次使用后需进行清洁并干燥存放，以防受到污染后成为感染源，影响治疗。
家长最关心的 3 个问题
1、丙酸氟替卡松与其他常用雾化吸入药物可混合使用吗？
丙酸氟替卡松属于第三代糖皮质激素，所以它的配伍稳定性和相容性可以遵照布地奈德，由于临床可能还会涉及到其他品种药物一起用，此处顺便列出，如下表 。
注：「√」表示有证据证明配伍稳定性和相容性，但需立即使用；「-」表示尚无足够证据证明配伍稳定性和相容性，不建议配伍使用。
2、短期使用 ICS 会影响儿童的生长发育吗？
尽管有部分研究提示使用 ICS 会对生长发育有些微影响，但结果并不确定。
2010发表在《中国中医药咨询》上的一篇文献对门诊及急诊的48例哮喘儿童长期给予中等剂量(400μg,d)丙酸氟替卡松吸入治疗,研究丙酸氟替卡松吸入治疗对支气管哮喘儿童血清骨钙素和骨密度的影响。
方法(1)使用全自动生化分析仪用放射免疫法(RIA)测定血清骨钙素(OST)水平
(2)用双能X线吸收仪测量股骨颈,大转子,桡骨中点的骨密度(BMD)结果给予哮喘儿童长期400μg/d的丙酸氟替卡松吸剂治疗,分别在2周,1个月,3个月,6个月测血清骨钙素和骨密度,结果表明治疗前后无明显的改变。
结论：短期吸人丙酸氟替卡松对血清骨钙素和骨密度的水平没有影响,长期的吸人治疗没有增加骨吸收或减少骨形成,对儿童骨发育和代谢影响不大,可以安全使用。
2017 GINA 采信 N Engl J Med 2012 年的研究指出，长期低剂量 ICS 对儿童生长发育和骨骼代谢无显著影响 。2020 GINA 对于这一问题的描述未发生变化 。
3、长期使用 ICS 对儿童生长发育有何不良影响？
长期（通常为 >12 个月）使用 ICS 的结果并不一致，但多数研究认为对生长发育有一定影响。同时认为，相对于哮喘等疾病而言，长期使用 ICS 的获益高于 ICS 对生长发育造成的些微影响 。
2019年，发表在《现代医学》上的一篇文献选取中度持续支气管哮喘儿童40例作为治疗组，予小剂量丙酸氟替卡松气雾剂持续吸入1年选取同时期体检正常的40例儿童作为对照组.观察两组研究对象肺功能变化,检测并比较两组骨代谢指标，骨密度生长发育的变化结果:
两组研究对象研究前(入组时)及与治疗组治疗后同一时间点FVC,FEV1/FVC,PEF重复测量结果显示，组间和时间有交互效应(P 0. 05),治疗组FVC,FEV1/FVC,PEF显著低于对照组(均P 0. 05),，治疗组血钙血磷,碱性磷酸酶骨钙素骨密度较治疗前和对照组均无明显变化(P 0. 05).且两组儿童身高和体重均无明显改变。
结论:支气管哮喘儿童长期小剂量吸入丙酸氟替卡松气雾剂疗效显著,并对其骨代谢指标，骨密度,生长发育无不良影响。
2019 年 Cochrane 的一篇系统性综述的结果为，长期使用 ICS（主要是哮喘患儿）对儿童生长发育的影响程度与 ICS 的品种有关。在等效剂量下，丙酸氟替卡松的影响可能小于倍氯米松和布地奈德 。
百度学术可以找到参考文献,输入关键词，在输入年份，就能找到相对应的参考文献。如果不知道参考文献格式要求，可以百度搜，参考文献自动生成器。直接按着填就出来了。 百度搜索参考文献自动生成器，按着里面填，点生成参考文献就出来了。 数据资料可以在百度文库、中国统计年鉴中找到。参考文献标准格式参考文献类型：专著［M］，论文集［C］，报纸文章［N］，期刊文章［J］，学位论文［D］，报告［R］，标准［S］，专利［P］，论文集中的析出文献［A］电子文献类型：数据库［DB］，计算机［CP］，电子公告［EB］电子文献的载体类型：互联网［OL］，光盘［CD］，磁带［MT］，磁盘［DK］A：专著、论文集、学位论文、报告［序号］主要责任者.文献题名［文献类型标识］.出版地：出版者，出版年.起止页码（可选）［1］刘国钧，陈绍业.图书馆目录［M］.北京：高等教育出版社，1957.15-18.B:期刊文章［序号］主要责任者.文献题名［J］.刊名，年，卷（期）：起止页码［1］何龄修.读南明史［J］.中国史研究，1998,(3):167-173.［2］OU J P，SOONG T T，et al.Recent advance in research on applications of passive energy dissipation systems［J］.Earthquack Eng,1997,38(3):358-361.C:论文集中的析出文献［序号］析出文献主要责任者.析出文献题名［A］.原文献主要责任者（可选）.原文献题名［C］.出版地：出版者，出版年.起止页码［7］钟文发.非线性规划在可燃毒物配置中的应用［A］.赵炜.运筹学的理论与应用——中国运筹学会第五届大会论文集［C］.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1996.468.D：报纸文章［序号］主要责任者.文献题名［N］.报纸名，出版日期（版次）［8］谢希德.创造学习的新思路［N］.人民日报，1998-12-25（10）.E：电子文献[文献类型/载体类型标识]：[J/OL]网上期刊、[EB/OL]网上电子公告、[M/CD]光盘图书、[DB/OL]网上数据库、[DB/MT]磁带数据库［序号］主要责任者.电子文献题名［电子文献及载体类型标识］.电子文献的出版或获得地址，发表更新日期/引用日期［12］王明亮.关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展［8］万锦.中国大学学报文摘（1983-1993）.英文版［DB/CD］.北京：中国大百科全书出版社，1996.作者.题名[D].所在城市:保存单位,发布年份.李琳.住院烧伤患者综合健康状况及其影响因素研究[D].福州:福建医科大学,2009. 其他的：作者.题名[J].刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码.沈平,彭湘粤,黎晓静,等.临床路径应用于婴幼儿呼吸道异物手术后的效果[J].中华护理杂志,2012,47(10):930-932. 作者.书名[M]. 版次.出版地: 出版者,出版年:起止页码.胡雁.护理研究[M].第4版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2012:38. 作者.题名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次).丁文祥.数字革命与国际竞争[N].中国青年报,2000-11-20(15). 作者.题名[EB/OL].网址,发表日期/引用日期(任选).世界卫生组织.关于患者安全的10个事实 [EB/OL].其他： [R]、[P]、[A]、[C]、[Z]等。
并不会影响健康。糖皮质激素可以很好的控制孩子的哮喘症状，使用之后用清水漱口即可。
参考材料 探究 发现有关键词易懂
目录方法1：选择你自己的题目1、需要反问自己的重要问题。2、挑你喜欢的事情。3、保持原创。4、获取建议。5、不要害怕改变题目。方法2：调查研究1、开始调查研究。2、搜寻实验研究成果。3、到图书馆去。4、在线搜索。5、使用学术数据库。6、创造性地搜索。方法3：制作大纲1、注释你的搜索。2、组织你的笔记。3、构造一个初步的参考书目/引用页。4、构造一个初步的参考书目/引用页。5、界定你的读者。6、确定论题。7、确定你的主要论点。8、考虑格式设置准则。9、敲定大纲。方法4：论文写作1、写你的正文段落。2、写结论。3、写论文介绍。4、格式化你的论文。5、编辑草稿。6、定稿。学术工作和科研工作常常规定研究论文是硬任务。虽然这可能会令人畏惧，只要组织一下和努力工作，可以让撰写研究论文轻而易举。给自己充裕的时间和足够的准备，进入研究世界，动手写作吧。方法1：选择你自己的题目1、需要反问自己的重要问题。 虽然你可能受限于特定的课程要求或相关的工作指导原则，选择主题是你撰写研究论文项目的第一步，也是最重要的一步。不管你想怎样打造主题，也不管这是一个怎样的严肃主题，重要的是这样几个问题：对该主题已有了充分研究吗？主题是否足够新颖和独特让我能贡献一些新观点？它与我的课业或职业相关吗？2、挑你喜欢的事情。 只要有可能，选个让你热血沸腾的主题。写你喜欢的事情肯定会反映在最终结果里，使得它可能成功。3、保持原创。 如果你正在写课程论文，要考虑班上其他学生。他们是否也会写和你同样的题目？如果每个人都写同样的事情，你如何使自己的论文独特而有趣？4、获取建议。 如果你在斟酌一个自我感觉良好的题目，去听听你的教授或同事或同学的意见。他们可能会有非常好的想法，哪怕那不是能让您采用的选项也能激励你产生新想法。向教授请教似乎令人胆寒，但他们希望你的研究工作获得成功，一定会尽其所能使你梦想成真。5、不要害怕改变题目。 如果你选择了题目并开始研究，然后了解到由于某种原因选这个题目不是一个正确的决定，不要担心！虽然它需要多一点的时间，你有能力改变你的主题，甚至是在你开始研究其他题目之后。方法2：调查研究1、开始调查研究。 选定主题后，下一步是开始调查研究。进行调查研究可有许多形式，包括阅读网页、期刊文章、书籍、百科全书、访谈和博客帖子。要花时间去寻找专业资源，它们可提供与你的题目相关的有效研究和洞察分析。尽量使用至少五个资源使你的信息多样化；千万不要只靠1-2个来源。2、搜寻实验研究成果。 只要有可能，多搜集同行评议过的实验研究成果。这些文章或者著作是你感兴趣的领域里的专家的结晶，这些成果已经过其他同行专家阅读和评议。可通过科技或在线搜索可以找到它们。3、到图书馆去。 你可以到当地图书馆和大学图书馆去。虽然这看起来有点过时了，图书馆充满了有用的研究资料，从书籍到报纸，从杂志到期刊。不要怕向图书管理员求助，他们对搜索训练有素，知道所有与你的题目有关的资源之所在。4、在线搜索。 使用搜索引擎和选取前三项搜索结果不见得是最好的研究方法；用批判性思维仔细阅读每个资源再确定它的地位。网站、博客和在线论坛发布的未必都是事实，所以要确保你找到的信息是值得信赖的。 通常网址以.edu, .gov, 或 .org结尾的网站所包含的信息可以安全使用。因为这些网站属于一些学校、政府或机构，它们处理你所关心那些主题的事务。尝试改变你的搜索查询常常可为你的主题找到不同的搜索结果。如果搜寻一无所获，它多半是你的搜索查询与大多数涉及你的主题的文章标题没有很好地匹配。5、使用学术数据库。 现有一些特殊搜索引擎和学术数据库，可用来搜索数以千计的同行审阅或正规出版的科学期刊、杂志和书籍。尽管其中许多仅付费会员才能使用，如果你是在校学生，你可以大学成员的身份免费使用它们。 只找涵盖你的主题的数据库。例如，PschInfo是一个学术数据库，但仅收纳在心理学和社会学的领域的作者的著作。与一般性的搜索相比使用它可帮助你获得更合适的结果。大多数学术数据库使你能够拥有这样的能力，既能通过复合查询的方式去询问非常具体的信息，也能查找仅含单一类型（如仅有杂志文章或报纸）的档案资源。利用这种能力你可用你尽可能多的查询框去收集具体信息。去学校的图书馆向图书馆员询问包含所有订阅的学术数据库的完整列表及相关密码。6、创造性地搜索。如果你找到一个真正很棒完全符合你的主题的书或杂志，尝试在其末尾所列的引文、传记或参考文献目录中去查找。这样你就可以找到更多与你主题相关的书和杂志。方法3：制作大纲1、注释你的搜索。 当你搜索完毕之后将所有结果汇集在一起（如果是在线资源就打印出来），将你在这些书刊资料上注释的笔记和便条收集起来。这一步是非常重要：通读所有搜索的资料，对所有你认为重要的东西做笔记，并突出显示关键的事实和语句。在复印件上直接书写，或在重要的地方贴上便条。 彻底做好注释，最终使您概述和写作论文更容易。对所有你认为可能是重要的或者是可用于你的论文中的东西打上记号。将搜索材料的重要片断加上标记，在你论文可能用到的地方添加自己的评注和笔记。随时写下你的想法将使你论文写作容易得多，并给你留下了可参考的东西。2、组织你的笔记。注释你的搜索材料可能要花相当多的时间，要逐步进行以使这论文概述过程随着不断添加的点点滴滴更加清晰。根据主题将所有突出显示的短语和想法分门别类汇总起来对笔记进行组织整理。例如，如果你正在撰写论文分析一个著名文学作品，你可以将你的研究材料组织成一些注解表，如人物形象表、情节环节参照表和作者的寓意符号表等等。 尝试将每个你标记的引述或事项写到卡片上。这样你可随意重新编排你的卡片。用颜色代码将使您编排笔记更容易些。例如，将你从各个资源摘录的笔记列成表，然后以不同的突出显示颜色区分不同类别的信息。比如说，将从某本书或杂志上记的东西单独列在一张表上以便统筹考虑这些笔记，然后将所有与人物形象相关的东西突出显示为绿色，所有与情节有关的标记为橙色，等等。3、构造一个初步的参考书目/引用页。在你浏览自己的笔记时记下每个资源中关于作者、 页码、 标题和发布的信息。这样以后当你为论文精心准备参考文献或引用著作页时就能得心应手了。4、构造一个初步的参考书目/引用页。在你浏览自己的笔记时记下每个资源中关于作者、 页码、 标题和发布的信息。这样以后当你为论文精心准备参考文献或引用著作页时就能得心应手了。 议论性研究论文在有争议的问题上持某种立场和主张某种观点。选择的问题应确实是有值得商榷之处。分析性论文则对一个重要的问题提出新思路。你所研究的问题可能并不存在争议，但您必须试图用你有价值的想法去说服读者。该论文不是在简单地重弹那些已有概念的老调，而是提供你通过学习和研究感悟到的自己的独特想法。5、界定你的读者。谁将阅读这篇论文，它值得发表吗？虽然您是为你的教授或其他上级写这论文，有一点非常重要，你的论文的口气和重点是针对那些愿意读你论文的读者。如果你的论文是面向学术同行，那你论文包含的信息应反映出你知道的信息，并不需要去解释基本的思想或理论。另一方面，如果您的论文是面向那些并不了解你这学科的读者，很重要的一点是你在论文中应对一些与你研究相关的很基本的概念和理论进行阐述和举例说明6、确定论题。 论文的开头两句是你论文的宣言，阐述你论文的主要目标或论点。虽然在最后定稿时你可改变这论文宣言的措词，你必须开门见山地介绍论文的主要目标。你论文所有的主体段落和信息都将围绕着论题展开，因此你对自己的论题务必非常清楚。 打造你的论文有一个最容易的方法，就是让你的论文去针对并回答某个问题。如何去选择一个首要问题或假说让你在论文中展开呢？例如，你的论文问题可能是"文化认同如何改变精神病治疗的成功率"？然后，这可以确定你的论文是什么-不管您给出该问题的答案，那就是你论文的主题。你的论文应该表达你的论文的主要想法而不要列出你所有的理由或描述你的整篇论文。它应该是一个简单的主题，而不是一个支持的列表；那是你论文的其余部分要做的事情！7、确定你的主要论点。你的文章的正文将围绕您判断的最重要的思想。通过您的研究和注释来确定哪些是你议论或陈述的信息中最关键的参数或演示文稿的信息中去。你可写整个段落来阐述什么想法呢？对你来说哪些想法有很多坚定的事实和研究作为背景证据？把你的主要论点写在纸上，然后分别组织相关的研究。 当你概述您主要的想法时，将它们按特定的顺序排列很重要。将您最强点放在你文章的开始和末尾，而比较平庸的论点放在论文中间或靠近你文章的结尾处。一个单一的要点不一定限于一个段落，特别是当您正在编写一份相对较长的研究论文。你认为有必要的话一些主要思想可以扩展到多个段落。8、考虑格式设置准则。根据你的纸张专栏、 类准则或格式设置准则，你可能必须以特定方式组织你的论文。例如，在 APA 格式中写入时必须按标题包括导言、 方法、 结果和讨论组织你的论文。这些指导方针将改变你创建大纲和最后文件的方式。9、敲定大纲。在考虑上述小窍门的基础之上组织整个大纲。将证明要点列在左边，对每个要点将有关的细述和你的研究笔记分别缩进排列。大纲应以要点的方式概述你的整个论文。要确保在每个要点的末尾包含引述和引用，这样在你最后进行论文定稿时就你不需要不断地回头参考你的研究。方法4：论文写作1、写你的正文段落。虽然它似乎有悖常理，在你开始写论文的主要内容之前就先写介绍可能难以完成。侧重于支持论文，由要点入手使你可稍稍更改和把握自己的思路和评注。 用证据支持你的每个论点。因为这是一篇你的研究论文，你的任何论述均应得到事实的直接支持。充分解释你的研究。与陈述观点缺乏事实相反的是罗列事实却没有解释和评论。虽然你肯定希望陈述大量证据，要确保你的论文自己的独特性你就要在所有可能的地方加以评说。避免使用许多长篇的直接的引用。虽然你的论文基于调查研究，对你来说其关键是你要有自己创意。除非您打算引用的东西是绝对必要的，请尝试用自己的语言去解述和分析它。.论文应行文流畅。你的文章应如行云流水，而不是那种木讷的断断续续的风格。请确保正文段落之间均很流畅地相互衔接。2、写结论。 在你仔细地用证据论述之后，要为读者写一个结论简明扼要地总结你的发现，并提供一种结束感。首先简要地重申论文的论点，然后提醒读者你在论文中阐述的要点。渐渐地从你论文的主题，过渡到强调你的发现所具有的重要意义而结束论文。撰写"结论"的目标简单来说，是要回答"结果怎么样?" 这个问题，确保读者有所收获。有个好主意，即在撰写"介绍"之前先写"结论"。首先，当证据在你脑海中仍记忆犹新时结论编写起来更容易。最重要的是，在写结论部分时要竭尽全力斟酌选择语言，然后在介绍中改写这些思路时注意减少强调性。这将给读者留下更持久的印象。3、写论文介绍。 在很多方面，"介绍"是反过来写的"结论"： 以一般性介绍较大的主题开始，然后引导读者进入你一直专注的领域，最后提出论文的中心论点。要避免重复已在结论中使用的同样的短语。4、格式化你的论文。所有研究论文均必须以某些方式进行格式化以避免剽窃。根据你的研究和你的研究领域的主题，您将必须使用不同样式的格式设置。MLA、 APA 和Chicago是三个最常见的引文格式，并且确定了应使用的文本的引文或脚注的方式，以及你论文中信息的顺序。 MLA 格式 格式通常用于文学研究论文，并在论文末尾使用 "引用著作"的页面。这种格式要求文本引用。APA 格式 用于社会科学领域的研究人员，也要求文本引用。它以"参考文献"页作为论文的结束，并也可能有章节标题位于正文段落之间。.Chicago格式 主要用于历史研究论文，它在每个页面的底部运用脚注，而不是在文本引用和著作引用或参考文献页。5、编辑草稿。虽然忍不住要简单地读你的文章和使用拼写检查工具，要编辑你的论文应该更深入一点。至少有一个，但最好是两个或更多的人仔细检查你的文章。让他们编辑从基本语法和拼写错误到你的论文的说服力和你的论文的流程和文件格式。如果您编辑您自己的论文，等待至少三天才返回和它接触。研究表明在你论文看完 2-3 天后，你的写作是在脑海中仍记忆犹新，所以你更有可能忽略否则你将抓到的基本错误。只是不要忽视其他人的编辑，因为他们会要求多一点工作。如果他们建议你重写你的一段论文，很可能他们有很正当的要求你。花点时间彻底编辑你的论文。6、定稿。 当你已经再三编辑过你的论文，按照论文的主题已经格式化了你的工作，并最后确定了所有的要点时，你就可以创建最后的草案了。通读你的论文并改正所有的错误，如有必要就重新排列信息。调整字体、 行间距和边距，以满足您的教授或专业设置的要求。如有必要，创建介绍页和引用著作或参考文献页。完成这些任务结束你的论文！ 请确认保存文件（为格外安全起见存在多个地方），并将你最后的草稿打印出来。
针对某一个(些)问题现象进行深入分析讨论并得到有意义结论的文章.研究性论文的基本原则:架构要清晰,表述要清楚,逻辑要合理,证据要客观,态度要严谨,尊重他人的贡献.设置研究标准,学术八股文,很明确的表达问题,研究方法要设置良好并很好的实施,数据假设要合理,有用促进知识.政策含义和建议,精确易懂有说服力恰当的语气!前人的研究,与客户的利益相关者有关,客观独立和谐,全面完整创新持久.研究性论问的写作技巧:1.题目必须,反映文章的研究内容,吸引人,选小题目,切忌大而空.摘要长文章必须.第三人称写,只讲结论,不要论述.简单明了,不讲意义.忌:"本文研究了什么,对什么有什么重要的意义的套路,因为这不能为别人提供任何你研究结论的信息.2.关键词必须:3-5个,便于检索,不要太偏僻.3.正文必须,参考文献必须!:"明确交代所要研究的问题,不要饶圈子;交代研究背景(为什么研究,目前的研究状况,有不要的话可在文献回顾中详细评述,仍可能取得的创新点)自己的文章的新颖处;文章的结构安排.(1).文献回顾:评述已有的研究进展,包括成绩与不足;客观公正评价,不要太动感情;还存在哪些有待开拓的领域.(不长一般不要有.)(2)模型的构建,或者假的提出;模型分析证明,数据分析或设计检验.对结果的分析或扩展的分析,结论(对政策的意义!)(3)正文的写作技巧:语言简练不要拖泥带水;开门见山,不要春秋笔法;多用短句,少用长句.最好一章节或第一句话概括;尽量避免连续用转折句或承接句;思路一定要清晰;分析问题要体现框架;一篇文章最好致力于解决一个问题.4.参考文献一定遵循学术规范,注释出引证的文献.
看你主要研究哪个方向和专业的，比如是语言类的还是什么。可以对应找相关方面的资料，或者找合适的模板，可以去学客行论文去查找，内容和广泛。
The work of the protagonist Oliver is an orphan, and grew up in the courtyard of the poor relief, others have been subject to discrimination. Because the extremely ill-treatment and fled to London, into Zeiwo, called by the beating, growing up, I do not know how much to eat suffered. While growing up in such an environment, but there is a Buddha Orie good heart, no matter by how much pain he did not want to do bad things is the greatest determination. He was Shouen people will never forget can not thank the benefactor. Although he is subject to a number of well-intentioned people and the sympathy of the adoption, such as Bulang Lu President, Lennart Meri wife, but the thieves, the group still did not miss him, and his half-brother also wish to kill him. Oliver's fate is tragic, but he's also been well-intentioned people to help identify his life, and the heritage. He has been the fate of the final change is expected to become a useful person to society. This works in Orie wrote at the beginning of the Buddha in relief of the poor house, in Charles Dickens described the living conditions of the poor house when a very ironic way: "Every child has a bowl of thin gruel, and that can not be increased only once To important public holiday, with the exception of a bowl of porridge outside in order to increase two and a quarter ounces of bread. They do not need to eat the Zhou Wan never wash, the children always scraping bowl of the spoon sauce residue has been driven Zeng Ming-Liang Shuo bowl. Scraping bowl of the matter is completed, they sit there and stare at large Tongguo helplessly, as if they are able to block a piece of brick stoves have to swallow it. This is a heinous and Tian Zhao They also own and finger , Ba Wangzhe a splash a few drops from child star to porridge. "Can be seen from the lives of those orphans how poverty, hunger throughout the day in the state, and no hope of Tianzhao his little finger, Bawang Zhao splash over the Congee child stars. One can imagine the children's life is very tragic, and Orie on the Buddha in such an environment. It is in the form of novels by Dickens to reflect the dark reality of the society and capitalist society under the lives of people of how poverty, poor life as works written by the same. Charles, known as the Victorian age eyes, because the novel in the form of the observed things with the novel in the form of re-emerged. That is why this works is the content of the true reflection of society at that time, and I think that the author describes the relief of the poor orphans living with a very vivid image of the language, a sharp way to expose the community The dark. Dickens wrote in the book a few years ago, the British Parliament adopted a new method of relief, cancellation of poor relief, but the poor directly to the port to house the poor relief. Dickens described the relief of the poor house at the time of poor relief is a true portrayal of the hospital. Poor relief in the hospital in no democracy, no freedom, only to be abused, hungry cold, a Mianhuangjishou months, fell to the ground at all times as likely to die, and the Diocese of those officers, those who Explorer, but eat a fat Head of the brain fertilizer, the full spirit. Dickens works in the hospital for the poor relief vivid description is a reflection of social problems. Some people think Charles Dickens's works this is a serious literary works, it works because it made a deep social problems, social development and progress is of great historical significance. In this work successfully in Dickens depicts a series of characters, such as the Diocese of General bampur, thieves old man and head of the Jewish charity school students Noah, the bandit Powu Monks, and so on. Did not have to portray a lifelike, life-like image. However, the most successful works portray the character or the protagonist Oliver and the woman stole Nancy. Oliver was born with a moral people, know how to map Temple has been reported. He ate a lot a lot of suffering, but in the end, finally met a good man. Whether Bulang Lu President, Lennart Meri, or his wife or Miss Meri, Orie Fodu treated as ordinary family, even though he is a "thief" who are sympathetic to him, his adoption, and that he receive a good education, and finally get Qing his life, his legacy fight back. Oliver described the events of all, I admire the most is the sixth chapter say when he was struggling to resist mocking the incident, as the authors put it, "On the surface I have described is not so small Important, but in fact he was Oliver's future development and are indirectly affected, and has had a major change. "Oliver in the poor house while growing up, there will be no freedom itself, to be disposal, but he A very strong self-esteem, Noah in the face of personal attacks, he was extremely excited. Noah and because of Oliver's mother died of a vicious insult to his indignation, blood boiling. "He immediately jumped up, an overturned the tables and chairs, and then Noah caught the pipe, to exhaust the body's effort to shake in fury of Noah, Noah has been a bit of teeth chattered issue of noise, and then He gathered together a whole body of Noah's efforts to blow hard, straight knocked him to the ground. "Oliver reaction puzzled me, common sense, he has been a quiet, modest, though by non - Who has abused a dejected from the juvenile Gan unlucky, but at the moment cohesion of the whole body strength Noah beat. What is the strength of his courage to make such a decision, perhaps it should not be "decided" it, a strong sense of anger so that he has lost his reason, he does not allow other people to his mother in the slightest insulting. While Oliver's mother, his memory, the memory never know his mother look like. However, the mother has been accompanied by a sense of respect for him. So, when Noah insult his mother, Oliver showed no emotion before. The incident was the result of Oliver was beaten up and detained. Charles Dickens wrote in the details below, not only for paving the way, but also a deeper portrait of the heroine works Oliver's image, in order to safeguard the dignity of the mother, just go ahead Many scholars think that works in a portrait of the most successful characters is Nancy, while Oliver to work for the main character, but from the social psychology and psychoanalysis point of view, the role of Nancy greater practical significance. Nancy is a psychological complex young women, from childhood growing up in the Group of thieves, no one knew her life, she entered the post-Zeiwo did not have any good people, of course, the final Bulang Lu also met with President Lennart Meri and Miss But then it was too late. Finally, her tragic death at the hands of the bandits Sykes, her fate is tragic, as in the real world into a triad of orphans after the end of the same. Nancy seen through the group of thieves all the ugly things, that her aversion treacherous, vicious, ruthless cruelty, inhuman things, but she is also the Group of thieves have a certain feeling, and want to leave. She has sympathy for Oliver, as for their treatment as his younger brother, in times of crisis to disregard their own safety to come forward and saved him, but he will have to personally Oliver thieves onto the road. She envied culture and education, the warmth of the family women, but because of her own humble status Yingshang Qu dare not, dare not wish for such a happy life. She is the heart of the conflict, when Bulang Lu and President Lennart Meri Miss advised her to leave the Group of thieves over a new leaf, she refused their offers of help, although she had a yearning for this kind of life. Nancy contradictions from her in to see if the original: "I do not want to do it! I do not want to do it! Though he is the devil, and he even told me yet more vicious than the devil, but I do not want to do ... then another ... One reason is that his life of crime is life, I am also live in sin, we are together for many years to live such a life, so I can not betray them, not to mention some of them may have betrayed me, but They did not sell out, even though they are bad people. "Her inner conflict is real, in line with the general psychological normal. There are a lot of female juvenile offenders, once on the wrong may be similar to that of Nancy ideological contradictions: both want to leave the crime associates also want to leave. Although Nancy Sykes hated doing, but he can not do without, it was of the view that Nancy is not reasonable, but in any case, her actions are all true. Psychological and ideological problems is in itself a complex issue as it is not possible to use simple methods can be resolved. Nancy Oliver, and this is the work of the two most representative figure, which is undeniable. Dickens portrayed in these two figures also spent a wonderful way. However, I would like to talk about is the image of another person Monks. Monks is Oliver's half-brother, who was extremely cruel, to be his brother's property destroyed at the expense of their own younger brother. I think Charles Monks at the describing the act when a clever arrangement. Monks and the role is a reflection of society at that time some of the children of the nobility EXILE. Monks is a smart, he knows how to ease access to his brother's property. Monks at the Dickens portrayed the characters can be on step-by-step. First of all, Monks is to look at the class when Mr. Bull appeared, the first author of the text did not mention him, so I read in class, Mr. Bull to meet the guests unfamiliar with the plot, on intuition told me that this works The plot will reach another climax. The mysterious people coming out, is scheduled to have a good, but I did not expect this so-called mystery is who would be Oliver's brother, but did not expect the paper after he had played such an important role. Charles gave the Monks "smart" in mind, set up a seamless clothing plans, and the Monks in the implementation of this plan are not thieves with Lin Yu co-leader of the Jewish old man, can be called up for the purpose of the unscrupulous. Finally, the plan is brought to light, Monks also ended in defeat. I think the Charles Oliver's brother wrote a greedy, ruthless, shameless, on the one hand, the work can culminate in the story, on the other hand, fully demonstrated the reality of society in order to achieve the purpose of the fire regardless of the tragic family Phenomenon. The author of this sharp touch of irony at the time the fire agency, while at the same time want to wake up those sad people, they wake up the conscience and consciousness, to awaken the consciousness of all the people. After reading the novel, I was not quiet for a long time. Oliver is a strong, kind-hearted, intelligent and brave and innocent boy, but experienced a difficult life, the ultimate storm, ushered in a happy life. And we are now living in the honey tank in Waterloo-fu, has often complained that always satisfied. But we have thought about, there are many poor children, are faced with the loss of loved ones, vagrancy of life, perhaps in the face of dropping out of school and the plight of the hungry. They are filled with love of life, looking forward to a bright classrooms, a yearning for delicious food or warm clothing. In the face of these eager children live in poverty, we can turn a blind eye to it? Can not stand idly by? When I read Dickens to write about the lives of the poor orphan house, my mind flashed always saw on television pictures of refugees in Africa. The old social life of the poor are poor, hungry cold it is not unusual things, and in the 21st century, in this era of civilization, hunger, fear, the cold remains. In that Oliver had been abused, beaten by the circumstances, and when I do not think of the often seen in the streets and show those begging children. These shabby heard that the children into a gang is organized, whether it be money or show has been begging for money, hard or stolen money, but also turned over to their "head." This is the civilized society? The fate of the children, their lives, and works of Charles Dickens orphan Oliver's life, what difference does? Oliver is lucky, good people can encounter. But in reality those organizations into the unknown children, their fate will be how well-intentioned people can encounter it? I do not think so, they may be ending as it works in Nancy, or died of starvation and disease. This is the so-called civilized society, the inevitable result. The more social progress, the more human civilization, and those bad elements are, the more furious, and unfortunately into the hands of their children, the more tragic fate. Therefore, we need love to help those in the midst of the people to help them out, ushering in a happy life. The works I think of many real-life scenarios, I touch on a lot. Now, I'd like to go back to Dickens's art and writing in order to charm. Dickens is the Victorian representative of the critical realism, written in the book when he was a youth, when he hopes to use his novel of social reform, but his community is not enough understanding of the profound, at the time of the ruling class also With the hope of a better place. In this work also reflects his idea. Under normal circumstances, the best realism in the novel, the story is often in a specific environment under the action of the history of the development of character, that is, Gorky said "some kind of character typical of the history and composition of growth." However, Charles Dickens, his informal set of any cell, the number of coincidence want to arrange the number of coincidence. If Oliver for the first time with the thieves took to the streets to be out of pocket, he is a friend of his late father before his death, Mr. Bulang Lu; thieves in his second head hostage Sikes under the burglary of the stolen happens to be his pro-aunt Ruth Merritt family; Also, due to his messenger haste to go and hit those who have the means哥哥蒙克斯him, and the Monks are let in the collision, he is looking for his brother. This is a series of coincidence in the sense just can not be justified in any case, however, Dickens's own rich imagination and clever idea, in the specific circumstances described in the breath of life and full of passion, so that readers can not breathe when reading a tension , That would have been far-fetched, unnatural circumstances has no choice but to believe, and have a great interest in this, can not wait to read down. This is the art of Dickens World charm. In addition, from a political perspective, this work made orphans of the social status of this very real problem, and, as well as the issue directly related to the issue of the quality of officials, community organizations, as well as a number of law in all sectors of the people's psychological tendencies And a long mental illness issues. Dickens has pointed out that one of these problems, but he thought of a way to solve these problems is not realistic. This is because the youth of his community not to understand the profound. With his wealth of experience of society, the society is also a deeper understanding of his ideas are slowly maturing, which, in his later works will be able to be reflected. Charles to use his vast and profound language to give the reader sometimes laughing, sometimes knowing smile, they are sometimes shed tears of laughter or pain and numbness of helpless laughter. However, no matter what kind of laughter, given all the capitalist society of endless irony.
文学研究论文参考文献
论文写作中我们需要大量阅读参考文献来丰富我们的知识面，拓展我们的知识深度。下面是我和大家分享的文学研究论文参考文献，更多内容请关注毕业论文网。
篇一：参考文献
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Oliver Twist Oliver Twist, one of the most famous works of Charles Dickens’, is a novel reflecting the tragic fact of the life in Britain in 18th century. The author who himself was born in a poor family wrote this novel in his twenties with a view to reveal the ugly masks of those cruel criminals and to expose the horror and violence hidden underneath the narrow and dirty streets in London. The hero of this novel was Oliver Twist, an orphan, who was thrown into a world full of poverty and crime. He suffered enormous pain, such as hunger, thirst, beating and abuse. While reading the tragic experiences of the little Oliver, I was shocked by his sufferings. I felt for the poor boy, but at the same time I detested the evil Fagin and the brutal Bill. To my relief, as was written in all the best stories, the goodness eventually conquered devil and Oliver lived a happy life in the end. One of the plots that attracted me most is that after the theft, little Oliver was allowed to recover in the kind care of Mrs. Maylie and Rose and began a new life. He went for walks with them, or Rose read to him, and he worked hard at his lessons. He felt as if he had left behind forever the world of crime and hardship and poverty. How can such a little boy who had already suffered oppressive affliction remain pure in body and mind? The reason is the nature of goodness. I think it is the most important information implied in the novel by Dickens-he believed that goodness could conquer every difficulty. Although I don’t think goodness is omnipotent, yet I do believe that those who are kind-hearted live more happily than those who are evil-minded. For me, the nature of goodness is one of the most necessary character for a person. Goodness is to humans what water is to fish. He who is without goodness is an utterly worthless person. On the contrary, as the famous saying goes, ‘The fragrance always stays in the hand that gives the rose’, he who is with goodness undoubtedly is a happy and useful person. People receiving his help are grateful to him and he also gets gratified from what he has done, and thus he can do good to both the people he has helped and himself. To my disappointment, nowadays some people seem to doubt the existence of the goodness in humanity. They look down on people’s honesty and kindness, thinking it foolish of people to be warm-hearted. As a result, they show no sympathy to those who are in trouble and seldom offer to help others. On the other hand, they attach importance to money and benefit. In their opinion, money is the only real object while emotions and morality are nihility. If they cannot get profit from showing their ‘kindness’, they draw back when others are faced with trouble and even hit a man when he is down. They are one of the sorts that I really detest. Francis Bacon said in his essay, ‘Goodness, of all virtues and dignities of the mind, is the greatest, being the character of the Deity, and without it, man is a busy, mischievous, wretched thing, no better than a kind of vermin.’ That is to say a person without goodness is destined to lose everything. Therefore, I, a kind person, want to tell those ‘vermin-to-be’ to learn from the kind Oliver and regain the nature of goodness. 雾都孤儿 雾都孤儿》,其中最著名的作品的查尔斯•狄更斯的《反映,是一种新型的悲惨的现实,在18世纪的英国的生活。 作者自己出生在一个贫穷的家庭写这本书在他二十几岁时为了揭示丑陋的面具的残酷的罪犯,让恐怖和暴力隐藏在狭窄的,肮脏的街道在伦敦。 这本小说是的英雄,《雾都孤儿孤儿,谁被投进了的世界充满着贫穷和犯罪。他遭受巨大的痛苦,如饥饿、干渴、殴打和虐待。在阅读《悲惨的经历的小奥利弗,我感到震惊的是他的痛苦经历。我觉得为了可怜的男孩子,但同时我厌恶邪恶和残酷Fagin帐单。使我松了口气,写在所有最好的故事,最终征服了魔鬼,奥利佛善过上了幸福美满的生活结束。一个最吸引我的计谋是盗窃,小奥利弗被允许这种康复照顾夫人Maylie和玫瑰开始了一种新的生活。他去散步,与他们,或玫瑰念给他听,他努力学习功课。他感到他先前留下的世界永远犯罪和困难和贫穷。 怎能一个小男孩已经遭受苦难保持纯洁的压迫身体和心灵吗?原因是处于善性品德之中。我认为这是最重要的信息的小说中隐含Dickens-he相信善良能战胜一切困难。虽然我并不认为善良是无所不能的,我却相信,那些都是善良的过的更幸福的人比那些是愚昧无知。 对我来说,处于善性的品德是其中一个最必要的个性的一个人。善良是给人类就像鱼儿离不开水一样。谁是没有良善是一个完全无用的人。相反,正如著名的老话所说:“香味的手总是待在给玫瑰”一样。给你推荐一个网站，超棒！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！
《雾都孤儿》是一部非常成功的作品，是狄更斯这位享誉盛名的代表作之一，它揭露了隐藏在伦敦狭小、肮脏的偏僻街道里的恐怖和暴力，也展示出了18世纪伦敦罪犯的真实面目；同时，狄更斯还试图说明：善良最终能够克服一切艰难险阻。《雾都孤儿》不仅吸引了评论家和公众的注意，同时它背后潜藏着的那一种强烈的情感不仅打动了与他同时代的读者，也深深地打动了我。《雾都孤儿》中主人公的英文名字为Oliver Twist，而Twist其英文意思是“扭曲，曲折，使苦恼”，这暗示着主人公Oliver的一生很坎坷，要经历很多的痛苦。在这个对社会进行抗议的情节剧式的小说中，奥利弗被当作一个主人公，其目的不是要触动我们的文学敏感性，而是要打动我们的情感。奥立弗·退斯特出生于19世纪30年代英国的一所济贫院，他妈妈用冰冷而毫无血色的嘴唇怜爱地在孩子的额头亲了一下后倒过去，咽了气。没父没母的奥立弗的童年过得极其凄惨，最初的9年是生活在一个管理不善的孤儿院，之后被转到收容成年人的济贫院。济贫院是维多利亚时期中产阶级建立的用来收养穷孩子的机构，因为人们认为穷人的身上有固有的恶习，穷人的家庭造就了这样的恶习，为了阻止这样的恶习产生，所以穷人夫妻就要分开，以阻止他们生孩子，从而减少下层社会的人。但可以这样形容当时的济贫院：济贫院给穷人提供的是慢性挨饿的机会，而在街头则是快速饿死。奥利弗和他的小伙伴们忍受着“慢性饥饿的折磨”。曾给我留下一个特别深刻印象的镜头是：一天晚上吃饭时，一个小孩子跟其他小孩子说，如果不给他多吃一碗粥，说不定会吃了谁。孩子们都很害怕，于是抓阄决定谁输了就要为那个孩子多要点吃的来。奥立弗输了，于是午饭后，其他孩子坚持奥立弗在晚饭时多要点食物。他的请求震惊了当局，结果使他们出5英镑作为酬金，要人把他从他们手上带走。因而可见，《雾都孤儿》是对维多利亚时期穷人的社会境遇的严厉批判。《雾都孤儿》的起势情节是：绝望之中的奥立弗在黎明中出逃，奔向伦敦，在伦敦城外，又饿又累的他遇到了一个与他相仿年纪的男孩—杰克，杰克让他住在自己的恩人费金的住处——实际上是一个窃贼之家，费金这个“枯瘦如柴的犹太老头”兼职为犯罪头头专门训练孤儿为他偷东西。经过几天的训练，奥立弗和其他两个小孩被派去偷东西。当奥立弗看到他们偷了一个老绅士的手绢的时候，吓得拔腿就逃，他被抓住了，但勉强地躲过了指控，没有因偷盗被定罪。布朗罗先生，就是手绢的被偷者，把发烧的奥立弗带回家中护理，让他恢复健康，原本以为黑暗的生活会远离他而去，但是费金贼帮里的两个大人赛克斯和他的情人南希把奥立弗抓住，并送回费金那里。在《雾都孤儿》中，颇具争议性问题的人物是南希。南希在道德上的复杂性在几位主要人物中是很独特的。南希自幼便是一个小偷，饮酒无度，而且是一个妓女，她所陷入的罪恶为她的社会所不齿，但当她牺牲自己的生命去保护奥立弗这个她并不是很熟悉的小孩时，她的行为又是最为高尚的。正因为南希，奥立弗被狄更斯掩藏下的真实身份才有了渐渐浮出水面的一刻。随后，费金派奥立弗去帮助赛克斯抢劫。奥立弗被那家的仆人用枪击中，赛克斯弃下受伤的奥立弗逃跑了。上天可怜善良的奥立弗，他被住在那里的梅莱太太和她漂亮的养女露西收留了。奥立弗开始了一种新生活。他常常与露西和梅莱太太外出散步，有时露西读书给他听，他也努力地学习功课。他觉得自己好像永远把罪恶，艰辛和贫困的世界抛在背后了。小说中，梅莱太太和露西所担任的母性角色使奥立弗第一次生活在正常的家庭当中，在她们母亲般的关爱下，奥立弗在乡下度过了美好的夏天。并且在梅莱一家的帮助下，布朗罗先生和奥立弗又团聚了，并消除了彼此间的误会。随后，布朗罗先生找到孟可思，追问奥立弗的真实身世，真相终于大白。原来孟可思是奥立弗同母异父的，和费金一起密谋陷害奥立弗，使之声名狼藉，并且是病态的，品行不端的坏兄弟，而且还查明了露西是奥立弗的亲生阿姨。小说的最后总结了狄更斯的道德和宗教观念：如果没有强烈的爱，没有博爱之心，如果对以慈悲为准则，以博爱一切生灵为最高标志的上帝不知感恩，那是绝对得不到幸福的，因而，有罪恶的得到了严厉的惩罚，穷凶恶及的人物到最后仍承担着罪恶，相应的，好人终究有好报，布朗罗先生收养了品性善良，道德高尚，宽容仁慈的奥立弗，他们和梅莱一家一起回乡下，从此过着幸福的生活。
The work of the protagonist Oliver is an orphan, and grew up in the courtyard of the poor relief, others have been subject to discrimination. Because the extremely ill-treatment and fled to London, into Zeiwo, called by the beating, growing up, I do not know how much to eat suffered. While growing up in such an environment, but there is a Buddha Orie good heart, no matter by how much pain he did not want to do bad things is the greatest determination. He was Shouen people will never forget can not thank the benefactor. Although he is subject to a number of well-intentioned people and the sympathy of the adoption, such as Bulang Lu President, Lennart Meri wife, but the thieves, the group still did not miss him, and his half-brother also wish to kill him. Oliver's fate is tragic, but he's also been well-intentioned people to help identify his life, and the heritage. He has been the fate of the final change is expected to become a useful person to society. This works in Orie wrote at the beginning of the Buddha in relief of the poor house, in Charles Dickens described the living conditions of the poor house when a very ironic way: "Every child has a bowl of thin gruel, and that can not be increased only once To important public holiday, with the exception of a bowl of porridge outside in order to increase two and a quarter ounces of bread. They do not need to eat the Zhou Wan never wash, the children always scraping bowl of the spoon sauce residue has been driven Zeng Ming-Liang Shuo bowl. Scraping bowl of the matter is completed, they sit there and stare at large Tongguo helplessly, as if they are able to block a piece of brick stoves have to swallow it. This is a heinous and Tian Zhao They also own and finger , Ba Wangzhe a splash a few drops from child star to porridge. "Can be seen from the lives of those orphans how poverty, hunger throughout the day in the state, and no hope of Tianzhao his little finger, Bawang Zhao splash over the Congee child stars. One can imagine the children's life is very tragic, and Orie on the Buddha in such an environment. It is in the form of novels by Dickens to reflect the dark reality of the society and capitalist society under the lives of people of how poverty, poor life as works written by the same. Charles, known as the Victorian age eyes, because the novel in the form of the observed things with the novel in the form of re-emerged. That is why this works is the content of the true reflection of society at that time, and I think that the author describes the relief of the poor orphans living with a very vivid image of the language, a sharp way to expose the community The dark. Dickens wrote in the book a few years ago, the British Parliament adopted a new method of relief, cancellation of poor relief, but the poor directly to the port to house the poor relief. Dickens described the relief of the poor house at the time of poor relief is a true portrayal of the hospital. Poor relief in the hospital in no democracy, no freedom, only to be abused, hungry cold, a Mianhuangjishou months, fell to the ground at all times as likely to die, and the Diocese of those officers, those who Explorer, but eat a fat Head of the brain fertilizer, the full spirit. Dickens works in the hospital for the poor relief vivid description is a reflection of social problems. Some people think Charles Dickens's works this is a serious literary works, it works because it made a deep social problems, social development and progress is of great historical significance. In this work successfully in Dickens depicts a series of characters, such as the Diocese of General bampur, thieves old man and head of the Jewish charity school students Noah, the bandit Powu Monks, and so on. Did not have to portray a lifelike, life-like image. However, the most successful works portray the character or the protagonist Oliver and the woman stole Nancy. Oliver was born with a moral people, know how to map Temple has been reported. He ate a lot a lot of suffering, but in the end, finally met a good man. Whether Bulang Lu President, Lennart Meri, or his wife or Miss Meri, Orie Fodu treated as ordinary family, even though he is a "thief" who are sympathetic to him, his adoption, and that he receive a good education, and finally get Qing his life, his legacy fight back. Oliver described the events of all, I admire the most is the sixth chapter say when he was struggling to resist mocking the incident, as the authors put it, "On the surface I have described is not so small Important, but in fact he was Oliver's future development and are indirectly affected, and has had a major change. "Oliver in the poor house while growing up, there will be no freedom itself, to be disposal, but he A very strong self-esteem, Noah in the face of personal attacks, he was extremely excited. Noah and because of Oliver's mother died of a vicious insult to his indignation, blood boiling. "He immediately jumped up, an overturned the tables and chairs, and then Noah caught the pipe, to exhaust the body's effort to shake in fury of Noah, Noah has been a bit of teeth chattered issue of noise, and then He gathered together a whole body of Noah's efforts to blow hard, straight knocked him to the ground. "Oliver reaction puzzled me, common sense, he has been a quiet, modest, though by non - Who has abused a dejected from the juvenile Gan unlucky, but at the moment cohesion of the whole body strength Noah beat. What is the strength of his courage to make such a decision, perhaps it should not be "decided" it, a strong sense of anger so that he has lost his reason, he does not allow other people to his mother in the slightest insulting. While Oliver's mother, his memory, the memory never know his mother look like. However, the mother has been accompanied by a sense of respect for him. So, when Noah insult his mother, Oliver showed no emotion before. The incident was the result of Oliver was beaten up and detained. Charles Dickens wrote in the details below, not only for paving the way, but also a deeper portrait of the heroine works Oliver's image, in order to safeguard the dignity of the mother, just go ahead Many scholars think that works in a portrait of the most successful characters is Nancy, while Oliver to work for the main character, but from the social psychology and psychoanalysis point of view, the role of Nancy greater practical significance. Nancy is a psychological complex young women, from childhood growing up in the Group of thieves, no one knew her life, she entered the post-Zeiwo did not have any good people, of course, the final Bulang Lu also met with President Lennart Meri and Miss But then it was too late. Finally, her tragic death at the hands of the bandits Sykes, her fate is tragic, as in the real world into a triad of orphans after the end of the same. Nancy seen through the group of thieves all the ugly things, that her aversion treacherous, vicious, ruthless cruelty, inhuman things, but she is also the Group of thieves have a certain feeling, and want to leave. She has sympathy for Oliver, as for their treatment as his younger brother, in times of crisis to disregard their own safety to come forward and saved him, but he will have to personally Oliver thieves onto the road. She envied culture and education, the warmth of the family women, but because of her own humble status Yingshang Qu dare not, dare not wish for such a happy life. She is the heart of the conflict, when Bulang Lu and President Lennart Meri Miss advised her to leave the Group of thieves over a new leaf, she refused their offers of help, although she had a yearning for this kind of life. Nancy contradictions from her in to see if the original: "I do not want to do it! I do not want to do it! Though he is the devil, and he even told me yet more vicious than the devil, but I do not want to do ... then another ... One reason is that his life of crime is life, I am also live in sin, we are together for many years to live such a life, so I can not betray them, not to mention some of them may have betrayed me, but They did not sell out, even though they are bad people. "Her inner conflict is real, in line with the general psychological normal. There are a lot of female juvenile offenders, once on the wrong may be similar to that of Nancy ideological contradictions: both want to leave the crime associates also want to leave. Although Nancy Sykes hated doing, but he can not do without, it was of the view that Nancy is not reasonable, but in any case, her actions are all true. Psychological and ideological problems is in itself a complex issue as it is not possible to use simple methods can be resolved. Nancy Oliver, and this is the work of the two most representative figure, which is undeniable. Dickens portrayed in these two figures also spent a wonderful way. However, I would like to talk about is the image of another person Monks. Monks is Oliver's half-brother, who was extremely cruel, to be his brother's property destroyed at the expense of their own younger brother. I think Charles Monks at the describing the act when a clever arrangement. Monks and the role is a reflection of society at that time some of the children of the nobility EXILE. Monks is a smart, he knows how to ease access to his brother's property. Monks at the Dickens portrayed the characters can be on step-by-step. First of all, Monks is to look at the class when Mr. Bull appeared, the first author of the text did not mention him, so I read in class, Mr. Bull to meet the guests unfamiliar with the plot, on intuition told me that this works The plot will reach another climax. The mysterious people coming out, is scheduled to have a good, but I did not expect this so-called mystery is who would be Oliver's brother, but did not expect the paper after he had played such an important role. Charles gave the Monks "smart" in mind, set up a seamless clothing plans, and the Monks in the implementation of this plan are not thieves with Lin Yu co-leader of the Jewish old man, can be called up for the purpose of the unscrupulous. Finally, the plan is brought to light, Monks also ended in defeat. I think the Charles Oliver's brother wrote a greedy, ruthless, shameless, on the one hand, the work can culminate in the story, on the other hand, fully demonstrated the reality of society in order to achieve the purpose of the fire regardless of the tragic family Phenomenon. The author of this sharp touch of irony at the time the fire agency, while at the same time want to wake up those sad people, they wake up the conscience and consciousness, to awaken the consciousness of all the people. After reading the novel, I was not quiet for a long time. Oliver is a strong, kind-hearted, intelligent and brave and innocent boy, but experienced a difficult life, the ultimate storm, ushered in a happy life. And we are now living in the honey tank in Waterloo-fu, has often complained that always satisfied. But we have thought about, there are many poor children, are faced with the loss of loved ones, vagrancy of life, perhaps in the face of dropping out of school and the plight of the hungry. They are filled with love of life, looking forward to a bright classrooms, a yearning for delicious food or warm clothing. In the face of these eager children live in poverty, we can turn a blind eye to it? Can not stand idly by? When I read Dickens to write about the lives of the poor orphan house, my mind flashed always saw on television pictures of refugees in Africa. The old social life of the poor are poor, hungry cold it is not unusual things, and in the 21st century, in this era of civilization, hunger, fear, the cold remains. In that Oliver had been abused, beaten by the circumstances, and when I do not think of the often seen in the streets and show those begging children. These shabby heard that the children into a gang is organized, whether it be money or show has been begging for money, hard or stolen money, but also turned over to their "head." This is the civilized society? The fate of the children, their lives, and works of Charles Dickens orphan Oliver's life, what difference does? Oliver is lucky, good people can encounter. But in reality those organizations into the unknown children, their fate will be how well-intentioned people can encounter it? I do not think so, they may be ending as it works in Nancy, or died of starvation and disease. This is the so-called civilized society, the inevitable result. The more social progress, the more human civilization, and those bad elements are, the more furious, and unfortunately into the hands of their children, the more tragic fate. Therefore, we need love to help those in the midst of the people to help them out, ushering in a happy life. The works I think of many real-life scenarios, I touch on a lot. Now, I'd like to go back to Dickens's art and writing in order to charm. Dickens is the Victorian representative of the critical realism, written in the book when he was a youth, when he hopes to use his novel of social reform, but his community is not enough understanding of the profound, at the time of the ruling class also With the hope of a better place. In this work also reflects his idea. Under normal circumstances, the best realism in the novel, the story is often in a specific environment under the action of the history of the development of character, that is, Gorky said "some kind of character typical of the history and composition of growth." However, Charles Dickens, his informal set of any cell, the number of coincidence want to arrange the number of coincidence. If Oliver for the first time with the thieves took to the streets to be out of pocket, he is a friend of his late father before his death, Mr. Bulang Lu; thieves in his second head hostage Sikes under the burglary of the stolen happens to be his pro-aunt Ruth Merritt family; Also, due to his messenger haste to go and hit those who have the means哥哥蒙克斯him, and the Monks are let in the collision, he is looking for his brother. This is a series of coincidence in the sense just can not be justified in any case, however, Dickens's own rich imagination and clever idea, in the specific circumstances described in the breath of life and full of passion, so that readers can not breathe when reading a tension , That would have been far-fetched, unnatural circumstances has no choice but to believe, and have a great interest in this, can not wait to read down. This is the art of Dickens World charm. In addition, from a political perspective, this work made orphans of the social status of this very real problem, and, as well as the issue directly related to the issue of the quality of officials, community organizations, as well as a number of law in all sectors of the people's psychological tendencies And a long mental illness issues. Dickens has pointed out that one of these problems, but he thought of a way to solve these problems is not realistic. This is because the youth of his community not to understand the profound. With his wealth of experience of society, the society is also a deeper understanding of his ideas are slowly maturing, which, in his later works will be able to be reflected. Charles to use his vast and profound language to give the reader sometimes laughing, sometimes knowing smile, they are sometimes shed tears of laughter or pain and numbness of helpless laughter. However, no matter what kind of laughter, given all the capitalist society of endless irony.
Oliver Twist一、英国作家狄更斯的名著。关于狄更斯和他的小说艺术，心里早有一些想法，趁写这篇前言之便，说出来，就正于广大狄更斯爱好者。狄更斯生于英国朴茨茂斯的一个贫苦家庭，父亲是个海军小职员，10岁时全家被迁入债务入监狱，11岁起就开始承担繁重的家务，12岁时被迫辍学到鞋油作坊当学徒，饱受侮辱，从而对工人阶级的生活和苦难有所了解，尤其对不幸的儿童产生了深厚的同情。16岁时，他在律师事务所当缮写员，走遍伦敦大街小巷，广泛了解社，后又担任法庭速记员和新闻记者，熟悉了议会政治中的种种弊端。当时他为伦敦几家报纸拟稿。狄更斯发表1836年底的第一部长篇小说、讽刺资产阶级民主虚伪性的〈匹克威克外传〉就取得了惊人的成就，使他一举成名。此后34年中，他共写了十几部长篇小说。24岁时和凯瑟琳女士结婚，由于性格和趣味上的差异，给他的创作，特别是晚年生活带来不幸。他一生除了刻苦写作外还喜欢戏剧，曾亲自参加演出和导演，举办过朗诵会。1870年6月他在写作小说〈艾德温。德鲁德之谜〉时，由于劳累过度，谇然逝世。葬于伦敦斯敏斯特教堂。狄更斯在小说中无情地揭露和鞭挞了资本主义社会的黑暗和虚伪。1838年和1839年，他发表了〈雾都孤儿〉和〈尼古拉斯。尼可贝〉，描写了资本主义社会穷苦儿童的悲惨生活，揭露了贫民救济所和学校教育的黑暗。狄更斯是英国最伟大的小说家之一，英国现实主义文学的杰出代表，对世界文学有巨大的影响。《雾都孤儿》是狄更斯第二部长篇小说。这位年仅二十五岁的小说家决心学习英国现实主义画家威廉•荷加斯（William Hogarth,1697一1764）的榜样，勇敢地直面人生，真实地表现当时伦敦贫民窟的悲惨生活。他抱着一个崇高的道德意图：抗议社会的不公，并唤起社会舆论，推行改革，使处于水深火热中的贫民得到救助。正因为如此，狄更斯历来被我国及前苏联学者界定为“英国文学上批判现实主义的创始人和最伟大的代表”。对此，我有一些不同的见解：文学艺术是一种特殊的社会意识形态，它必然是社会存在的反映。但是，我们决不能把反映现实的文学都说成是现实主义文学，把“现实主义”的外延无限扩展。事实上，作家运用的创作方法多种多样，因人而异，这和作家的特殊气质和性格特点密切相关。狄更斯的创作，想象力极为丰富，充满诗的激情，他着意渲染自己的道德理想，处处突破自然的忠实临摹，借用一句歌德的话：它比自然高了一层。这和萨克雷、特洛罗普等坚持的客观。冷静、严格写实的方法有显著的区别。试以《雾都孤儿》为例，（一）个性化的语言是狄更斯在人物塑造上运用得十分出色的一种手段。书中的流氓、盗贼、妓女的语言都切合其身份，甚至还用了行业的黑话。然而，狄更斯决不作自然主义的再现，而是进行加工、提炼和选择，避免使用污秽、下流的话语。主人公奥立弗语言规范、谈吐文雅，他甚至不知偷窃为何物。他是在济贫院长大的孤儿，从未受到良好的教育，所接触的都是罪恶累累、堕落不堪之辈，他怎么会讲这么好的英文呢？这用“人是一切社会关系总和”的历史唯物主义观点是无法解释的。可见，狄更斯着力表现的是自己的道德理想，而不是追求完全的逼真。（二）在优秀的现实主义小说中，故事情节往往是在环境作用下的人物性格发展史，即高尔基所说的“某种性格、典型的成长和构成的历史”。然而，狄更斯不拘任何格套，想要多少巧合就安排多少巧合。奥立弗第一次跟小偷上街，被掏兜的第一人恰巧就是他亡父的好友布朗罗。第二次，他在匪徒赛克斯的劫持下入室行窃，被偷的恰好是他亲姨妈露丝•梅莱家。这在情理上无论如何是说不过去的。但狄更斯自有天大的本领，在具体的细节描写中充满生活气息和激情，使你读时紧张得喘不过气来，对这种本来是牵强的、不自然的情节也不得不信以为真。这就是狄更斯的艺术世界的魅力。（三）狄更斯写作时，始终有一种“感同身受的想象力”（Sympathetic imagination），即使对十恶不赦的人物也一样。书中贼首、老犹太费金受审的一场始终从费金的心理视角出发。他从天花板看到地板，只见重重叠叠的眼睛都在注视着自己。他听到对他罪行的陈述报告，他把恳求的目光转向律师，希望能为他辩护几句。人群中有人在吃东西，有人用手绢扇风，还有一名青年画家在画他的素描，他心想：不知道像不像，真想伸过脖子去看一看……一位绅士出去又进来，他想：准是吃饭去了，不知吃的什么饭？看到铁栏杆上有尖刺，他琢磨着：这很容易折断。从此又想到绞刑架，这时，他听到自己被处绞刑。他只是喃喃地说，自己岁数大了，大了，接着就什么声音也发不出来了。在这里，狄更斯精心选择了一系列细节，不但描绘了客观事物，而且切入了人物的内心世界，表现了他极其丰富的想象力。他运用的艺术方法，不是“批判现实主义”所能概括的。我倒是赞赏英国作家、狄更斯专家乔治•吉辛（George Giss－ing，1857—1903）的表述，他把狄更斯的创作方法称为“浪漫的现实主义”（romantic realism）。我认为这一表述才够准确，才符合狄更斯小说艺术的实际。小说的主人公奥利弗。特威斯特，是一名生在济贫院的孤儿，忍饥挨饿，备受欺凌，由于不堪棺材店老板娘、教区执事邦布儿等人的虐待而独自逃往伦敦，不幸刚一到达就误入贼窟。窃贼团伙的首领费金千方百计，企图把奥利弗训练为扒手供他驱使。奥利弗跟随窃贼伙伴“机灵鬼”和贝茨上街时，被误认为他偷了一位叫布朗洛的绅士(恰巧是他父亲生前的好友)的手绢而被警察逮捕。后因书摊老板证明了他的无辜，说明小偷另有其人，他才被释放。由于他当时病重昏迷，且容貌酷似友人生前留下的一副少妇画像，布朗洛收留他在家中治病，得到布朗洛及其女管家比德温太太无微不至的关怀，第一次感受到人间的温暖。窃贼团伙害怕奥利弗会泄露团伙的秘密，在费金指示下，塞克斯和南希费尽心机，趁奥利弗外出替布朗洛归还书摊老板的图书的时候用计使他重新陷入了贼窟。但当费金试图惩罚毒打奥利弗的上时候，南希挺身而出保护了奥利弗。费金用威胁、利诱、灌输等手段企图迫使奥利弗成为一名窃贼，成为费金的摇钱树。一天黑夜，奥利弗在塞克斯的胁迫下参加对一座大宅院的行窃。正当奥利弗准备趁爬进窗户的机会向主人报告时，被管家发现后开枪打伤。窃贼仓惶逃跑时，把奥利弗丢弃在路旁水沟之中。奥利弗在雨雪之中带伤爬行，无意中又回道那家宅院，昏到在门口。好心的主人梅丽夫人及其养女罗斯小姐收留并庇护了他。无巧不成书，这位罗斯小姐正是奥利弗的姨妈，但双方都不知道。在梅丽夫人家，奥利弗真正享受到了人生的温馨和美好。但费金团伙却不能放过奥利弗。有一天一个名叫蒙克斯的人来找费金，这人是奥利弗的同父异母兄长，由于他的不肖，他父亲在遗嘱中将全部遗产给了奥利弗，除非奥利弗和蒙克斯是一样的不肖儿女，遗产才可由蒙克斯继承。为此蒙克斯出高价买通费金，要他使奥利弗变成不可救药的罪犯，以便霸占奥利弗名下的全部遗产，并发泄自己对已去世的父亲的怨恨。正当蒙克斯得意洋洋的谈到他如何和帮布尔夫妇狼狈为奸，毁灭了能证明奥利弗身份的唯一证据的时候，被南希听见。南西见义勇为，同情奥利弗的遭遇，冒生命危险，偷偷找到罗斯小姐，向她报告了这一切。正当罗斯小姐考虑如何行动时，奥利弗告诉她，他找到了布朗洛先生。罗斯小姐就和布朗洛商议了处理方法。罗斯小姐在布朗洛陪同下再次和南西会面时，布朗洛获知蒙克斯即他的已故好友埃得温。利弗得的不肖儿子，决定亲自找蒙克斯交涉，但他们的谈话被费金派出的密探听见。塞克斯就凶残的杀害了南西。南西之死使费金团伙遭到了灭顶之灾。费金被捕，后上了绞刑架，塞克斯在逃窜中失足被自己的绳子勒死。与此同时，蒙克斯被布朗洛挟持到家中，逼他供出了一切，事情真相大白，奥利弗被布朗洛收为养子，从此结束了他的苦难的童年。为了给蒙克斯自新的机会，把本应全归奥利弗继承的遗产分一半给他。但蒙克斯劣性不改，把家产挥霍殆尽，继续作恶，终被锒铛入狱，死在狱中。邦布尔夫恶有恶报，被革去一切职务，一贫如洗，在他们曾经作威作福的济贫院度过余生。在这本书中，奥利弗、南希、罗斯小姐都是善良的代表，他们都出生于苦难之中，在黑暗和充满罪恶的世界中成长，但在他们的心中始终保持着一偏纯洁的天地，一颗善良的心，种种磨难并不能使他们堕落或彻底堕落，发而更显示出他们出污泥而不染的光彩夺目的晶莹品质。最后，邪不胜正，正义的力量战胜了邪恶，虽然南希最后遇难，但正是她的死所召唤出来的惊天动地的社会正义力量，正是她在冥冥中的在天之灵，注定了邪恶势力的代表——费金团伙的灭顶之灾。因此在小说中，南希的精神得到了升华，奥利弗则得到了典型意义上的善报。而恶人的代表——费金、蒙克斯、邦布尔、塞克斯无不一一落得个悲惨的下场。
文学研究论文参考文献
论文写作中我们需要大量阅读参考文献来丰富我们的知识面，拓展我们的知识深度。下面是我和大家分享的文学研究论文参考文献，更多内容请关注毕业论文网。
篇一：参考文献
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[17] 何婧舒. 操纵理论视角下《简·爱》两个中译本的文化再现比较研究[D]. 四川师范大学 2012
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篇三：参考文献
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买本雾都孤儿的蓝星导读，就是那种双语的小蓝本，虽然写得很浅显，但故事和人物分析挺全面的，就算你以前没读过这部小说，用它就行，省时间最大的问题就是定题，要看你的指导老师严不严了，一定把论点范围缩小再缩小，具体再具体在学校提供给你们的文献库多多下载文献资料，雾都孤儿的的文献很多，能下载到你想吐，但这样不愁没得写 还有问题可以联系我
关于狄更斯和他的小说艺术,心里早有一些想法,趁写这篇前言之便,说出来,就正于广大狄更斯爱好者. 《雾都孤儿》是狄更斯第二部长篇小说.这位年仅二十五岁的小说家决心学习英国现实主义画家威廉·荷加斯(William Hogarth,1697一1764)的榜样,勇敢地直面人生,真实地表现当时伦敦贫民窟的悲惨生活.他抱着一个崇高的道德意图:抗议社会的不公,并唤起社会舆论,推行改革,使处于水深火热中的贫民得到救助.正因为如此,狄更斯历来被我国及前苏联学者界定为"英国文学上批判现实主义的创始人和最伟大的代表".对此,我有一些不同的见解:文学艺术是一种特殊的社会意识形态,它必然是社会存在的反映.但是,我们决不能把反映现实的文学都说成是现实主义文学,把"现实主义"的外延无限扩展.事实上,作家运用的创作方法多种多样,因人而异,这和作家的特殊气质和性格特点密切相关.狄更斯的创作,想像力极为丰富,充满诗的激情,他着意渲染自己的道德理想,处处突破自然的忠实临摹,借用一句歌德的话:它比自然高了一层.这和萨克雷,特洛罗普等坚持的客观.冷静,严格写实的方法有显著的区别. 试以《雾都孤儿》为例,(一)个性化的语言是狄更斯在人物塑造上运用得十分出色的一种手段.书中的流氓,盗贼,妓女的语言都切合其身份,甚至还用了行业的黑话.然而,狄更斯决不作自然主义的再现,而是进行加工,提炼和选择,避免使用污秽,下流的话语.主人公奥立弗语言规范,谈吐文雅,他甚至不知偷窃为何物.他是在济贫院长大的孤儿,从未受到良好的教育,所接触的都是罪恶累累,堕落不堪之辈,他怎么会讲这么好的英文呢?这用"人是一切社会关系总和"的历史唯物主义观点是无法解释的.可见,狄更斯着力表现的是自己的道德理想,而不是追求完全的逼真.(二)在优秀的现实主义小说中,故事情节往往是在环境作用下的人物性格发展史,即高尔基所说的"某种性格,典型的成长和构成的历史".然而,狄更斯不拘任何格套,想要多少巧合就安排多少巧合.奥立弗第一次跟小偷上街,被掏兜的第一人恰巧就是他亡父的好友布朗罗.第二次,他在匪徒赛克斯的劫持下入室行窃,被偷的恰好是他亲姨妈露丝·梅莱家.这在情理上无论如何是说不过去的.但狄更斯自有天大的本领,在具体的细节描写中充满生活气息和激情,使你读时紧张得喘不过气来,对这种本来是牵强的,不自然的情节也不得不信以为真.这就是狄更斯的艺术世界的魅力.(三)狄更斯写作时,始终有一种"感同身受的想象力"(Sympathetic imagination),即使对十恶不赦的人物也一样.书中贼首,老犹太费金受审的一场始终从费金的心理视角出发.他从天花板看到地板,只见重重叠叠的眼睛都在注视着自己.他听到对他罪行的陈述报告,他把恳求的目光转向律师,希望能为他辩护几句.人群中有人在吃东西,有人用手绢扇风,还有一名青年画家在画他的素描,他心想:不知道像不像,真想伸过脖子去看一看……一位绅士出去又进来,他想:准是吃饭去了,不知吃的什么饭?看到铁栏杆上有尖刺,他琢磨着:这很容易折断.从此又想到绞刑架,这时,他听到自己被处绞刑.他只是喃喃地说,自己岁数大了,大了,接着就什么声音也发不出来了.在这里,狄更斯精心选择了一系列细节,不但描绘了客观事物,而且切入了人物的内心世界,表现了他极其丰富的想像力.他运用的艺术方法,不是"批判现实主义"所能概括的.我倒是赞赏英国作家,狄更斯专家乔治·吉辛(George Giss-ing,1857-1903)的表述,他把狄更斯的创作方法称为"浪漫的现实主义"(romantic realism).我认为这一表述才够准确,才符合狄更斯小说艺术的实际. 最后还要讨论一下E.M.福斯特在他的名著《小说面面观》中对狄更斯人物塑造的贬低.据他说,狄更斯只会塑造"扁形人物",而不会塑造"浑圆人物",在小说艺术上属于"较低层次".事实真是这样吗?试以《雾都孤儿》中的南希为例,作一番研究分析.我认为,南希这个人物有无比丰富,复杂的内心世界,远比E.M.福斯特所称羡的一切"浑圆人物"更富于立体感和活跃的生命力.南希是个不幸的姑娘,自幼沦落贼窟,并已成为第二号贼首赛克斯的情妇.除了绞架,她看不到任何别的前景.但是,她天良未泯,在天真纯洁的奥立弗,看到往日清白的自己,同情之心油然而生.她连奉贼首之命,冒称是奥立弗的姐姐,硬把他绑架回贼窟时,内心充满矛盾.归途中,她和赛克斯谈起监狱绞死犯人的事,奥立弗感觉到南希紧攥着他的那只手在发抖,抬眼一看,她的脸色变得煞白.后来,她冒着生命的危险偷偷地给梅莱小姐和布朗罗通风报信,终于把奥立弗救了出来.梅莱和布朗罗力劝南希挣脱过去的生活,走上新生之路,但南希不忍心把情人赛克斯撇下.赛克斯在得知南希所作所为后,他只能持盗匪的道德标准,把南希视为不可饶恕的叛徒,亲手把她残酷地杀害.狄更斯在给这两个人物取名时是有很深的用意的,南希(Nancy)和赛克斯(Sikes)英文缩写是N和S,正是磁针的两极.他俩构成一对矛盾,既对立又统一,既相反又相成,永远不可分离.南希离不开赛克斯,宁愿被他杀害也不肯抛弃他;而赛克斯也离不开南希,一旦失去她,他就丧魂失魄,终于在房顶跌落,脖子被自己的一条绳子的活扣套住而气绝身死.南希的形象复杂,丰富又深刻,不但不是"扁平"的,而且达到极高的艺术成就. 狄更斯的小说经得起各种现代批评理论的发掘和阐释,不断产生发人深省的新意,将永久保持读者的鉴赏兴趣和专家们的研究兴趣
英国文豪狄更斯的代表作《奥立弗·退斯特》曾多次搬上银幕，本版是公认的最佳版本。整部影片没有一个薄弱环节。最早的1922年版本是默片；1933年版的小演员才七岁，可信度不高；1982年的版本由著名的乔治·斯各特演费根，总体水平较高；1985年改编成333分钟的电视连续剧；1997年的版本中，伊利亚·伍德扮演主角的朋友；2000年版电视连续剧比较着重背景故事；1968年的歌舞版也很出色，获当年度奥斯卡最佳影片。