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哇。你这个是什么题目。颜色词背后的文化。。难道你订题目前，没有考虑能不能写的麽。你的课题。你这个文章，哪来资料？不要说写。
首先要把在准备工作当中搜集的资料整理出来，包括课题名称、课题内容、课题的理论依据、参加人员、组织安排和分工、大概需要的时间、经费的估算等等。第一是标题的拟定。课题在准备工作中已经确立了，所以开题报告的标题是不成问题的，把你研究的课题直接写上就行了。比如我曾指导过一组同学对伦教的文化诸如“伦教糕”、伦教木工机械、伦教文物等进行研究，拟定的标题就是“伦教文化研究”。第二就是内容的撰写。开题报告的主要内容包括以下几个部分：一、课题研究的背景。 所谓课题背景，主要指的是为什么要对这个课题进行研究，所以有的课题干脆把这一部分称为“问题的提出”，意思就是说为什么要提出这个问题，或者说提出这个课题。比如我曾指导的一个课题“伦教文化研究”，背景说明部分里就是说在改革开放的浪潮中，伦教作为珠江三角洲一角，在经济迅速发展的同时，她的文化发展怎么样，有哪些成就，对居民有什么影响，有哪些还要改进的。当然背景所叙述的内容还有很多，既可以是社会背景，也可以是自然背景。关键在于我们所确定的课题是什么。二、课题研究的内容。课题研究的内容，顾名思义，就是我们的课题要研究的是什么。比如我校黄姝老师的指导的课题“佛山新八景”，课题研究的内容就是：“以佛山新八景为重点，考察佛山历史文化沉淀的昨天、今天、明天，结合佛山经济发展的趋势，拟定开发具有新佛山、新八景、新气象的文化旅游的可行性报告及开发方案。”三、课题研究的目的和意义。课题研究的目的，应该叙述自己在这次研究中想要达到的境地或想要得到的结果。比如我校叶少珍老师指导的“重走长征路”研究课题，在其研究目标一栏中就是这样叙述的：1、通过再现长征历程，追忆红军战士的丰功伟绩，对长征概况、长征途中遇到了哪些艰难险阻、什么是长征精神，有更深刻的了解和感悟。2、通过小组同学间的分工合作、交流、展示、解说，培养合作参与精神和自我展示能力。3、通过本次活动，使同学的信息技术得到提高，进一步提高信息素养。四、课题研究的方法。在“课题研究的方法”这一部分，应该提出本课题组关于解决本课题问题的门路或者说程序等。一般来说，研究性学习的课题研究方法有：实地调查考察法(通过组织学生到所研究的处所实地调查，从而得出结论的方法)、问卷调查法（根据本课题的情况和自己要了解的内容设置一些问题，以问卷的形式向相关人员调查的方法）、人物采访法（直接向有关人员采访，以掌握第一手材料的方法）、文献法（通过查阅各类资料、图表等,分析、比较得出结论）等等。在课题研究中，应该根据自己课题的实际情况提出相关的课题研究方法，不一定面面俱到，只要实用就行。五、课题研究的步骤。课题研究的步骤，当然就是说本课题准备通过哪几步程序来达到研究的目的。所以在这一部分里应该着重思考的问题就是自己的课题大概准备分几步来完成。一般来说课题研究的基本步骤不外乎是以下几个方面：准备阶段、查阅资料阶段、实地考察阶段、问卷调查阶段、采访阶段、资料的分析整理阶段、对本课题的总结与反思阶段等。六、课题参与人员及组织分工。这属于对本课题研究的管理范畴，但也不可忽视。因为管理不到位，学生不能明确自己的职责，有时就会偷懒或者互相推诿，有时就会做重复劳动。因此课题参与人员的组织分工是不可少的。最好是把所有的参与研究的学生分成几个小组，每个小组通过民主选举的方式推选出小组长，由小组长负责本小组的任务分派和落实。然后根据本课题的情况，把相关的研究任务分割成几大部分，一个小组负责一个部分。最后由小组长组织人员汇总和整理。七、课题的经费估算。一个课题要开展，必然需要一些经费来启动，所以最后还应该大概地估算一下本课题所需要 的资金是多少，比如搜集资料需要多少钱，实地调查的外出经费，问卷调查的印刷和分发的费用，课题组所要占用的场地费，有些课题还需要购买一些相关的材料，结题报告等资料的印刷费等等。所谓“大军未动，粮草先行”，没有足够的资金作后盾，课题研究势必举步维艰，捉襟见肘，甚至于半途而废。因此，课题的经费也必须在开题之初就估算好，未雨绸缪，才能真正把本课题的研究做到最好。1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录）3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5、论文正文：（1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容：a.提出-论点；b.分析问题-论据和论证；c.解决问题-论证与步骤；d.结论。6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是：（1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。（2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
中西文化中颜色词语的象征意义 The symbolic meaning of the color word of between China and western countries Summary: Show in the Chinese-English language the words of different colors or color is very abundant. We not merely should pay attention to observing themselves' basic meaning, should paying attention to the deep and broad symbolic meaning of their meaning even more, because their symbolic meaning often has different characteristics in different national languages, some characteristics even form people to the advocating and taboo of the color after guiding stretching , transferred meaning. The difference of symbolic meanings of the color between such different culture is because of each national difference and producing of historical background , aesthetic psychology of culture, sanctified by usage in the sediment of development , history in the society, it is a kind of permanent culture phenomenon. The angle that this text attempts to compare from Chinese and Western culture with analysis, probe into various nationalities' culture to develop the impact on symbolic meaning of the color word. The human language is extensive and profound, different countries, the unique glamour that different and national color words demonstrate, make people regard with special esteem. In Great Britain's Chinese-English language, all very abundant to displaying different colors or the word of the color. We not merely want to understand their each one's own basic meaning, should pay attention to the deep and broad symbolic meaning of their meaning even more. Because often there are different characteristics in different national languages in symbolic meanings of the color, some characteristics have not represented the meaning of its word itself yet, but guide stretching, transferred meaning to it. First , midwest square color word because of our country and hopeless the greater part English country ten thousand li apart objective cause , symbolic meaning of difference, in the geographical position , scene that history aches , very great difference exists aesthetically psychologically, so the feeling of seeking the color word will not be the same. The symbolic meaning that a color word shows will be various naturally . This text will do some brief contrasts and discussions on the color of the word and symbolic meaning difference in Chinese and Western culture. By the look of definition of the color, color through eyes brain and people a kind of vision effect to the light experience of life produce, it is a vision phenomenon launched , reflecting or causing through certain light wave by the object, it is a kind of basic domestic animal of the human eye vision . About the definition of, it is relatively short to going through the time of the feudal society, and in nearly modern science is popularized and the west of development says at full speed, it is easier they accepted. The west relatively pays attention to the analysis things with rational science from the beginning, display it to the objective world and realistic scientific attitude known objectively. So, the symbolic meaning of the color is often more direct in western culture, generally symbolize some abstract cultural meaning with the concrete color of objective things For example: Western culture " getting red " to point color of " blood " but blood surge forward life liquid of the human body among the mind in westerner mainly, once the blood trickles, the life stops , so, the red make people associate it with the violence , dangerous, thus produced to the red taboo. Western Sinologist translate " Dream of the Red Chamber " may because of the fact that consider " red " make them is it bleed to associate it with, so adopted title " the stone is written " that the novel had used originally, English meant story of the stone to compare with the western civilization, Chinese culture is of long standing and well established, the feudal society that China goes through several thousand years, education and science lag behind relatively, so, in Chinese culture, the thought that the color expresses has strong mystery flavor, the development of the objective reality receives China's social development relatively largely. Color intension and symbolic meaning are very abundant in Chinese culture, and the symbolic meaning of the color word is plural. For example, the red in Chinese culture comes from the sun. Our ancestor has a kind of instinctive attachment and worships to the sunshine, the red joyous and lucky production naturally of purpose. With getting white as example and then, in mankind initial stage, our ancestor is small and weak and unable, make them completely exposed in broad daylight, an attack of the irresistible fiendish beast of prey, therefore the dialogue color has a kind of instinctive frightened sense, so the white becomes a kind of color and prohibits avoiding as taboo in Chinese culture. It is obvious; the symbolic meaning of the color demonstrates the human psychological characteristics at the same time. Second, concrete description of different symbolic meanings of the color in Chinese and Western culture. , the red advocates the color basically in our country's culture. It is lucky , joyous that it symbolizes; For example facilitate others bright marriage name " matchmaker ", joyous day will be it register for bright red lantern to want, stick to and form uniting red, the red good fortune word: The man sticks the bright red " liking " word while marrying the daughter and is married, one is lively | The prosperity is named " flourishing "; It symbolizes the revolution and progress again, for instance, Communist Party of China's initial regime is named " red regime ", the initial arms are called " the Red Army "; It is it smoothly , succeed to symbolize too, such as to very kind to known as " becoming much more popular " circumstances have people; Trusted unduly and called " the favourite follower " by the superior ; Assign to and manage profits and shout and " share out bonus", load the end with the beautiful woman to call " the beauty " ,etc.. The red is one to demote symbol that the word with quite strong purpose is " fire , blood " in western culture, representatives are cruel and ferocious and bleeding. If (1), is it massacre with violence is it claim for The red rules of tooth and claw (2 ) bloody to revenge for red revenge to ruling to describe; It symbolizes the radical violent revolution again, such as (1)It is a red revolution to describe the red revolution (2)Radical political movement represent for red hot political campaign (3 ) the Left radical activity commendatory as for a getting red one for red activities, for instance joyous day the red carpet of red days, grand reception ,etc., benefit from different culture and exchange and merge. 2, White and red and opposite, it is a basic taboo word; reflect Chinese are in the material and spiritual abandoning and disgust. The white does not have blood color, dead behavior; symbolize the death, ill omen. If the relative has wanted to wrap rough Dai Xiao after dying since ancient times, worn the white mourning dress, is called the funeral, set up the white mourning hall , should hit the white long narrow flag while carrying a coffin to the cemetery . Getting white word is it reach political influence is it fail, be unwise, is it take to have no profit to signify also to like in the course of its development, such as party that fail play " white flag " say that surrenders always among war; Call person with low intelligence " eat free ", exert oneself but make the advantage or come to naught and is named " busy oneself to no purpose " | " waste strength ". Finally, it signifies there is little knowledge, there is not fame and gain, such as calling rank and file “the commoner ", temper being scarce, scholar not deep calls “the pale-faced scholar ",etc. the experience. Western culture getting white symbolic meaning focus on one's own color their mainly, snow such as being new, fresh milk and color of the lily. Westerners think it white and graceful and pure, so it is the advocating color in the western culture. It is evil that it signifies that too pure to have, such as (1) a white souls, pure white wedding bride's wedding in white full dress of soul (2 ); It is honest , honest that it symbolizes again, such as (1) a white spirit honest soul (2)A white men is noble, an educated person. (3)White hand is honest; It is honest , honest that it symbolizes again, such as (1) a white spirit honest soul (2)A white men is noble, an educated person. (3)White hand is honest; It symbolize lucky too, if (1) somebody, life of one of the white days o f sib’s, it have legal and having hostile meaning lucky day of the life, such as (1) white market legal market, 3, the black has heavy mysterious senses in Chinese culture, it is a kind of serious and serious tone, and its symbolic meaning seems comparatively complicated because of affecting by western culture. On one hand it symbolizes serious , justice, black face Boa Zhen in the popular legend , black type of facial make up of Zhang Fey , Li Chui in traditional Beijing opera ,etc.; It again because a one's own one their dark to give somebody sinisterly , sinister and terrific feeling while being unglazed on the other hand. It symbolizes evilly, reactionary, such as meaning the sinisterly vicious person is a black heart, hidden repulsive inside information is " shady deal ", members of the reactionary group are the reactionary gang, evil backstage manipulator, call the ruler for the list of the dissident that draws up blacklist, (2) legal bright form that white list is sanctioned, (3) a white lie harmless lie. It show crime , break the law, such as is it do bandit conduct shout " walk the underworld " , is it kill robbery of goods , do illegal inn of business name the gangster inn to claim to claim, the violated goods trade calls the black market, is named the dirty money and waited with the money that the illegal means is obtained It is the basic taboo color in the western culture to be black (black), have reflected westerner's spiritual abandoning and disgust. It symbolizes the death , ill omen , disaster, if (1) Black Mass fits fairy Mass, (2) to wear black for her father is her father Dai Xiao, (3)black words unlucky words, (4) the fierce day of a black letter day; It symbolizes the evilness , crime, such as (1) the evil devil of Black Man, (2) a black de ed extremely abominable black guard ruffian , hooligan of behavior (3 ); It symbolizes shame, inglorious too, if a black eye disgraced , bad reputation of a black mark stain (2 ) of (1 ); Depressed , angry that it still symbolizes, such as (1) black dog depressed mood, (2) The future looks black prospects are dim, (3)He gave me a black look. He is looking at me in a great rage. 4,In a word there is a very great difference in different national culture in the symbolic meaning of the color word. Fundamentally, among Chinese culture, symbol of color based on China in the past ruling of feudalism, feudalistic superstition and primitive, backward science, educational state take shape, so the symbolic meaning of the color has quite strong inclination of politicizing and mystifying. The color in western culture signifies that benefits from the popularization degree of the national opening in the west and science , education more, symbolic meaning its little and mysterious, getting many some reason, make sometime , motivation easy to track the meaning of a word its. Symbolic meanings of the color between different cultures are all sanctified by usage in the sediment of development, history in the society; it is a kind of permanent culture phenomenon. , interesting, humor, cordial that they can make the language more vivid! List of references: 1, “modern Chinese dictionary ", Foreign Language Teaching and Research Publishing House. June of 1998 2, Zhang Devin, " informal discussion of Chinese and foreign languages ", the publishing house of university of Henna is 1999. 3, Li Yantis, <>, the 2nd Foreign Language Inst. of Beijing, 1998 4, Jig Mingling, " the social cultural meaning of English color word is analyzed ", the journal of Zhen Zhou University, 1997. 3 5, " 300 Tang poetries ", Jillian People's Press, 1999. 汉英语言中表示各种不同颜色或色彩的词语都很丰富。我们不仅要注意观察它们本身的基本意义，更要留心它们含义深广的象征意义，因为它们的象征意义在不同民族语言中往往有不同的特点，有些特点甚至构成了人们对经过引伸、转义以后颜色的崇尚和禁忌。这种不同文化之间颜色象征意义的差异是由于各自民族的文化历史背景、审美心理的不同而产生的，是在社会的发展、历史的沉淀中约定俗成的，是一种永久性的文化现象。本文试图从中西文化对比的角度，去分析、探究各民族文化发展对颜色词的象征意义的影响。 在人类语言中，颜色词语表现出的独特魅力，令人刮目相看。在汉英语言中，表示各种不同颜色或色彩的词都很丰富。我们不仅要注意观察它们本身的基本意义，更要留心它们含义深广的象征意义，因为颜色的象征意义在不同民族语言中往往有不同的特点，有些特点甚至构成了人们对经过引伸、转义以后颜色的崇尚和禁忌。由于我国与绝大部分英语国家相隔万里，地理位置、自然现象、历史背景、审美心理等千差万别，人们对于颜色的感受和表达不尽相同。这样，颜色的象征意义在中西文化之间自然又会产生很大的差异。本文拟就中西文化中词语的颜色、词语的象征意义作一些对比和探讨，以求教于同行和读者。 从科学的定义来说，颜色是由物体发射、反射或透过一定光波所引起的视觉现象，是人眼视觉的一种基本特征。颜色生成的这种定义，对经历封建社会时间相对短，且在近代和现代教育和科学得到普及和飞速发展的西方来说，是比较易于为他们所接受的。西方从文明一开始，就比较注重科学理性的教育和科学方法的发现，对客观世界和客观认识采取现实的科学态度。因此，西方文化中颜色的象征意义往往比较直接，一般是用客观事物的具体颜色来象征某些抽象的文化含义，所以更易追溯其语义理据和逻辑理据。例如：西方文化中的红色（red）主要指鲜血（blood）颜色，而blood在西方人心目中是奔腾在人体内的"生命之液"。一旦鲜血流淌下来，生命之花也就凋谢。所以red使西方人联想到"暴力"和"危险"产生了一种颜色禁忌。美国学者阿思海姆在他的《色彩论》中说："色彩能有力的表达情感。……红色被认为是令人激动的，因为它能使我们想到火、血和革命的含义。"著名汉学家霍克斯在翻译"红楼梦"时，由于意识到red可能使现代英语读者联想到“暴力"、"流血"，所以采用小说原来曾使用的书名《石头记》，译为The story of the stone。但是由于中国经历了几千年的封建社会以及教育和科技的相对落后，在中国文化中，颜色的生成具有强烈的神秘色彩，它的发展受到中国社会文化发展的较大影响。在先秦，颜色词就已经与古人的世界观、哲学思想联系在一起，后来又与政治挂钩。所以中国文化中的颜色内涵和象征意义十分丰富，而且颜色词的象征意义是多元 的。例如，从文化人类学角度来讲，中国文化中的红色源于太阳，因为烈日如火，其色赤红。我们的初祖在祭祈巫舞的过程中，对阳光有一种本能的依恋和崇拜，红色的喜庆和吉祥之意自然而然地产生了。古人还认为"日至而万物生" （《淮南子•天文训》）感到阳光下万物繁茂，生机勃勃，令人振奋，因而对代表太阳的红色产生了特别亲切的感情。再以白色为例，在人类初始阶段，我们的祖先弱小而无力，无法抗拒凶恶猛兽的攻击、光天化日的白昼使他们暴露无遗，有一种随时都有被食肉猛兽扑食的危险，因而对白色有一种本能的恐惧感；另外，我们的初祖还观察到"月到中秋分外明"，因而认为明月与萧煞的秋季连在一起，而代表秋天的颜色也就是白色了（银白色的中秋之月）。这样白色在中国文化里就成了一种颜色禁讳。可见颜色的象征意义在漫长的历史进程中的约定俗成的，体现出某种心理功能。下面我们就中西文化中颜色的不同象征意义进行具 体描述。 1、红色 红色是我国文化中的基本崇尚色，它体现了中国人在精神和物质上的追求。它象征着吉祥、喜庆，如把促 成他人美好婚姻的人叫"红娘"，喜庆日子要挂大红灯笼、贴红对联、红福字；男娶女嫁时贴大红"喜"字，把热闹、兴旺叫做"红火"；形容繁华、热闹的地方叫"红尘"；它又象征革命和进步，如中共最初的政权叫“红色政权”，最早的武装叫“红军”，把政治上要求进步、业务上刻苦钻研的人称为“又红又专”等；它也象征顺利、成功，如人的境遇很好被称为"走红"、"红极一时"，得到上司宠信的叫"红人"，分到合伙经营利润叫"分红"，给人发奖金叫"送红包"等；它还象征美丽、漂亮，如指女子盛妆为"红妆"或"红装" ，把艳妆女子称为"红袖"，指女子美艳的容颜为"红颜"等。 西方文化中的红色（red）则是一个贬意相当强的词，是"火"、"血"的联想，它象征着残暴、流血，如（1）The red rules oftooth and claw残杀 和暴力统治，（2）red revenge血腥复仇，（3）ared battle血战 ；它又象征激进、暴力革命，如（1）red hotpolitical campaign激烈的政治运动，（2）a red revolution 赤色革命，（3）red activities左派激进活动；它也象征危险、紧张，如（1）red alert空袭报警，（2）a red adventure story一个令人紧张的冒险故事，（3）a red flag危险信号旗；它还象征着放荡、淫秽，如（ 1）a red waste of his youth他那因放荡而浪费的青春，（2）ared light district花街柳巷（红灯区），（ 3）Is she really sored as she is painted？难到她真的象人们所描绘的那样放荡吗？ 至于红色的褒义，如red—letter day喜庆的日子，the red carpet隆重的接待等，则得益于不同文化之间 的交流和融合。据考证，red的褒义是从远东经波斯传到西方的。 2、白色 在中国文化中，白色与红色相反，是一个基本禁忌词，体现了中国人在物质和精神上的摈弃和厌恶。在中国古代的五方说中，西方为白虎，西方是刑天杀神，主萧杀之秋，古代常在秋季征伐不义、处死犯人。所以白色是枯竭而无血色、无生命的表现，象征死亡、凶兆。如自古以来亲人死后家属要披麻戴孝（穿白色孝服）办"白事"，要设白色灵堂，出殡时要打白幡；旧时还把白虎视为凶神，所以现在称带给男人厄运的女人为"白虎星"。白色的心理功能在其发展过程中由于受到政治功能的影响，又象征腐朽、反动、落后，如视为"白专道路"；它也象征失败、愚蠢、无利可得，如在战争中失败的一方总是打着“白旗”表示投降，称智力低下的人为"白痴"，把出力而得不到好处或没有效果叫做"白忙"、"白费力"、"白干"等，它还象征奸邪、阴险，如"唱白脸"、"白脸"奸雄；最后，它还象征知识浅薄、没有功名，如称平民百姓为"白丁"、"白衣"、"白身"，把缺乏锻炼、阅历不深的文人称作"白面书生"等。 西方文化中的白色象征意义主要着眼于其本身色彩，如新下的雪、新鲜牛奶及百合花的颜色。西方人认为白色高雅纯洁，所以它是西方文化中的崇尚色。它象征纯真无邪，如（1）awhitesoul纯洁的心灵，（2）whitewedding新娘穿白礼服的婚礼；它又象征正直、诚实，如（1）awhitespirit正直的精神，（2）whitemen高尚、有教养的人，（3）whitehand廉洁、诚实；它也象征幸运、吉利，如（1）oneofthewhitedaysofsb'slife某人生活中的吉日之一，（2）whitemagic有天使相助的法术；它还有合法、无恶意的意思，如（1）whitemarket合法市场，（2）whitelist经过批准的合法明单，（3）awhitelie无害的谎言。 3、黑色 古代黑色为天玄，原来在中国文化里只有沉重的神秘之感，是一种庄重而严肃的色调，它的象征意义由于受西方文化的影响而显得较为复杂。一方面它象征严肃、正义，如民间传说中的"黑脸"包公，传统京剧中的张飞、李逵等人的黑色脸谱；另一方面它又由于其本身的黑暗无光给人以阴险、毒辣和恐怖的感觉。它象征邪恶、反动，如指阴险狠毒的人是"黑心肠"，不可告人的丑恶内情是"黑幕"，反动集团的成员是"黑帮"、"黑手"，把统治者为进行政治迫害而开列的持不同政见者的名单称为"黑名单"，它又表示犯罪、违法，如称干盗匪行径叫"走黑道"，称杀人劫货、干不法勾当的客店叫做"黑店"，违禁的货物交易叫"黑货"、"黑市"，用贪赃受贿等非法手段得来的钱叫"黑钱"等。 黑色（black）是西方文化中的基本禁忌色，体现了西方人精神上的摈弃和厌恶。它象征死亡、凶兆、灾难，如（1）BlackMass安灵弥撒，（2）towearblackforhcrfather为她父亲戴孝，（3）blackwords不吉利的话，（4）ablackletterday凶日；它象征邪恶、犯罪，如（1）BlackMan邪恶的恶魔，（2）ablackdeed极其恶劣的行为，（3）blackguard恶棍、流氓，（4）blackmail敲榨、勒索；它也象征耻辱、不光彩，如（1）ablackmark污点，（2）blacksheep败家子，（3）ablackeye丢脸、坏名声，它还象征沮丧、愤怒，如（1）blackdog沮丧情绪，（2）Thefuturelooksblack前途暗淡，（3）Hegavemeablacklook。他怒气冲冲地看着我。 4、其他颜色 黄色在中国文化中是红色的一种发展变异，如旧时人们把宜于办大事的日子称为“黄道吉日”，但是它更代表权势、威严，这是因为在古代的五方、五行、五色中，中央为土黄色。黄色象征中央政权、国土之义，所以黄色便为历代封建帝王所专有，普通人是不能随便使用"黄色"的，如"黄袍"是天子的"龙袍"，"黄钺"是天子的仪仗，"黄榜"是天子的诏书，"黄马褂"是清朝皇帝钦赐文武重臣的官服。至于现在流行的与"性"有关的"黄色"观念，有一种说法是中西文化交流融合的一种现象。据说美国纽约的《世界报》用黄色油墨印刷低级趣味的漫画以争取销路，人们便称这一类不健康的刊物为“黄色刊物”.
颜色是人们对客观世界的一种感知，人们的实际生活与颜色密切相关，人们生活在色彩之中。现代抽象派艺术的奠基人瓦西里·康定斯基在所著的《论艺术的精神》中指出："色彩直接影响着精神"。在人类语言里，存在着大量记录颜色的符号——颜色词。这些词语具有丰富的感情色彩和文化内涵。值得注意的是，在跨文化交流中，由于不同民族、不同文化背景或虽属于同一民族、同一文化背景，但分属于不同社会集团或社会阶层的成员，对各种颜色符号的感知是不一样的。这种不一样在语言学上具有积极的意义，它使得颜 色词具有多种联想意义。
哈哈~我有，我找给你，我毕业论文就写的这个。 现代汉语颜色词语义分析汉英语颜色词对比研究 中英颜色词文化内涵探究《文史博览(理论)》《社会科学论坛》《从认知角度看颜色词及中英文化的差异》《论艺术的精神》
帮你找到了,可是要付费,3元,链接在下面英汉颜色词的文化内涵与翻译The Cultural Connotations and Translation of Color Words in Chinese and English梁燕华摘 要：自然界是色彩斑斓的,各民族在长期的历史沉淀中都形成了各自独特的颜色观,折射出绚丽多姿的民族文化.该文从跨文化交际的角度,以文化内涵为切入点,探讨英汉颜色词的异同,强调不同文化中颜色词的民族特性及其翻译的处理.关键词：颜色词;文化内涵;异同;翻译分类号：H315.9 文献标识码：A文章编号：1008-7486(2002)03-0149-04作者简介：梁燕华(1972-),女,壮族,广西大学外国语学院讲师,在读硕士(学位),研究方向为英语语言学.作者单位：梁燕华（广西大学,外国语学院,广西,南宁,530004）参考文献：〔1〕Wierzbick A.Semantics,culture,and cognition.New York:Oxford University Press,1992.〔2〕许慎.说文解字[M].北京:中华书局,1963.〔3〕王秉钦.文化翻译学[M].天津:南开大学出版社,1995.〔4〕詹人凤.现代汉语语义学[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997.〔5〕包惠南.文化语境与语言翻译[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2001.〔6〕符淮青.词义的分析与描写[M].北京:语言出版社,1996.〔7〕于逢青.论汉语颜色词的人文特性[J].东北师大学报,1999,(5):78～84.〔8〕朱耀先.浅谈中西文化差异与翻译[J].中国翻译,1997,(4):7～10.〔9〕陆谷孙.英汉大词典[M].上海译文出版社,1993.收稿日期：2002年5月13日出版日期：2002年9月1日
一、翻译类毕业论文选题 1．Study on Translation of Trade Marks and Culture 商标翻译与文化研究2．The Social and Cultural Factors in Translation Practice 影响翻译实践的社会和文化因素3．On the Translation of English Idioms 论英语习语的翻译4．Study on Features and Translation of English Idioms 英语习语翻译特点研究5．The Comparison and Translation of Chinese and English Idioms 中英习语翻译与比较6．Study on Loyalty in English-Chinese Translation 中英互译的忠实性研究7．Cultural Equivalence in Translation 翻译中的文化对等性研究8．Literature Translation and the Important of it文学翻译与重要性研究9．On the Du Fu’s Poems Translation论杜甫的诗词翻译10．The Analysis of Techniques for Learning a Foreign Language Through Translation 通过翻译学习外语的技巧分析11．中英颜色词的文化差异及翻译Cultural Differences and Translation in Chinese and English Color words翻译中不可译性的文化阐释12．An Cultural Perspective on Untranslatability 中英动物文化内涵的不同及翻译13．Cultural Connotation and Translation in Chinese and English Animals浅论翻译中的译者主体性发挥的度14．On Degree of Translator's Subjectivity in Translation修辞策略在广告英语中的效用探究15．A Probe of the Effect of Rhetorical Devices in English Advertisement16．Error Analysis of the English Translation of the Information about Scenic Spots in Wuhan武汉旅游景点资料的英译错误分析17．Semantic--Transliteration-the Most Favorable Method for Translating Foreign Words into Chinese音意兼译—外来词中译之首选方法18．A Tentative Study on the Cohesion and Coherence in Sun Zhili’s Chinese Translation of Pride and Prejudice浅论《傲慢与偏见》孙致礼中译本的衔接与连贯19．Chinese Translation of Attributive Clauses in English for Science and Technology科技英语中定语从句的汉译20．Film Titles and Their Translation——A cross-cultural perspective从跨文化角度分析电影片名及其翻译21．Translating Expressions on Public Signs from Chinese into English汉语公示语英译22．论文化差异与翻译Cultural differences and translation 23．商标名的翻译原则与品牌文化The Translation Principle of Brand Names and Brand Culture24．英文电影片名的翻译策略与翻译方法研究 On Translation of English Film Names25．意美、音美、形美--英文商标的汉译Beauty in Sense, Sound and Form--On Translation of English Trademarks into Chinese26．中文商标英译探On the Translation of Trademarks from Chinese into English二、文化类毕业论文选题27．国际商务谈判中的双赢语用策略The Win-Win Pragmatic Strategies in International Business Negotiation 28．Grice 的合作原则在国际商务谈判中的应用The Application of Grice’s Cooperation Principle in International Business Negotiation 29．中西文化面子观差异对比分析An Analysis on Differences between Chinese and Western Ideas on Face30．中西文化中女性角色意识差异及其对职业发展影响Differences between Chinese and Western Role Awareness of Women and the Effects on Their Career Development 31．英语学习中文化障碍Cultural Obstacles in English Learning32．从中西委婉语的对比透视中西文化差异Understand Chinese and English Cultural Differences through the Comparison between Chinese and western Euphenism33．中英禁忌语比较A Comparison between Chinese and English taboos34．从隐私权看中西文化差异A Comparison between Chinese and Western Cultural Differences from the Aspect of Privacy right 35．中西社会习俗比较A Comparison Between Chinese and Western Social Conventions36．言语行为理论及其应用Speech Act and its Application37．湖北经济学院英语自主学习现状调查A Survey on the Students’ English Autonomous Learning in Hubei University of Economics 38．湖北经济学院双语课程学习现状调查A Survey on Bilingual Courses’ Learning in Hubei University of Economics39．1The Cultural Connotation of English Etymology and the Teaching of English Vocabulary英语词源的文化内涵与词汇教学 40．English idioms—A Mirror Reflecting British Culture英语习语与英国文化反映41．On Values of Chinese from Perspective of Lexicon从词汇角度读中国人的价值观42．On Cultural Differences of Body Language between English and Chinese论中英体态语文化差异43．The Analysis on the Differences of Interpersonal Relationship between Eastern and Western People东西方人际关系要素差异探析44．Approach to Cultural Differences in Sino-U.S. Business Negotiation and its Impacts中美商务谈判中的文化差异及其影响探析45．Asymmetrical Features of Politeness Principle in Cross-cultural Communication跨文化交际中的礼貌原则的非对称性研究46．English and Chinese Euphemisms: A Comparison between Their Cultural Implications从英汉委婉语对比中透析中西文化差异47．On the Cultural Differences of the Etiquette Norms in Chinese and English Nonverbal Communication 中英非语言交际礼俗规范的文化差异研究48．A Comparative Study on the Different Cultural Connotations of Basic Chinese and English Color Words英汉基本颜色词文化内涵对比研究49．Characteristic and Cultural Differences of the English and Chinese Idioms 中英文习语的特点以及文化差异50．Chinese and Western Culture Values in Advertising Language从广告语中看中西方文化观51．The Differences of Family Values between China and American中国和美国家庭观差异52．The Comparison of Chinese and Western Interpersonal Relationships中西人际关系比较53．Cultural Difference Between Chinese and English on Politeness从中英文礼貌用语中看文化差异54．谈跨文化交际中的“面子”观 On Face Perception in Cross-cultural Communication55．委婉语在跨文化交际中的应用 The Application of Euphemism in Cross-cultural Communication56．从英汉习语看东西方文化异同 Differences and Similarities between Eastern and Western Cultures in Chinese and English Idioms57．中英文化中的礼貌对比研究A Contrastive Study of Politeness in English and Chinese Cultures58．解析文化差异引起的语用失误The Study of Pragmatic Failure: From the Perspective of Cultural Differences59．从文化角度论英汉语中的性别歧视On the Sexism in Chinese and English from the Cultural Perspective60．中美商务谈判中的文化因素探析Approach to Cultural Factors for the Sino-American Business Negotiation61．英汉道歉语的对比研究A contrastive study of apologies in English and Chinese62．跨文化交际中颜色词的运用Application of colors in intercultural communication63．英汉寒暄语的差异研究Some difference of small talks between Chinese and English64．不同交际风格中恭维语及其回应的研究Compliment and its response with different communication styles65．英汉动物词汇文化内涵意义对比研究The cultural connotations of animals in Chinese and English66．英语委婉语的功能与效果研究On functions and effects of euphemism in English67．中外幽默的跨文化对比A intercultural comparison between Chinese and foreign humor68．英语副语言交际研究A survey on communication of paralanguage三、语言类毕业论文选题69．语篇分析中的语境功能研究The function of context in discourse analysis70．语篇分析在英语阅读教学中的运用研究Discourse analysis in the application of teaching English reading 71．英语广告语言特点分析An analysis on the feature of English advertisement72．非语言交际与身势语研究Nov-verbal communication and gesture language73．英语委婉语研究About English euphemism
英语本科毕业论文选题的题目有哪些?下面是我整理的英语本科毕业论文题目，仅供参考。
英语本科毕业论文题目【1】
1 从《远离尘嚣》看偶然与巧合
2 从亨伯特看纳博科夫的流亡观
3 透过餐具看中西方饮食文化
4 从女性主义角度解读《太阳照常升起》中的女主角——勃莱特
5 从文化视角探讨隐喻的翻译
6 从生态批评角度看威廉·福克纳的《熊》中人与自然的关系
7 从功能对等角度分析常用英语修辞格汉译
8 任务型语言教学法的优势
9 自我身份的探寻—评拉尔夫·埃里森《看不见的人》
10 浅析英文报纸中体育新闻用语的模糊修辞
11 从电影《肖申克的救赎》和《当幸福来敲门》中探究美国人的个人主义
12 中美恭维言语行为跨文化比较研究
13 表现主义技巧在《推销员之死》中的运用
14 中国非英语专业学生在英语学习中使用元认知策略的情况调研
15 浅析英语中六种基本颜色词的英美文化内涵
16 浅析广告翻译中的文化顺应处理
17 从文化角度分析中美房地产广告的差异
18 浅析动画《加菲猫》和《加菲猫之双猫记》中的`享乐主义和利己主义
19 圣经原型解读《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》
20 论《卡斯特桥市长》中哈代的进化向善论思想
21 顺从的女人——分析《荒凉山庄》中埃斯特的形象
22 从中美传统节日对比看节日的文化内涵
23 成人的童话——《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》中象征主义的体现
24 简析网络时代英语全球化
25 《查泰莱夫人的情人》的生态女性主义解读
26 从社会文化价值方面比较中美情景喜剧差异
27 论《喧哗与骚动》中昆丁的宿命
28 《蝇王》的启示：理性的呼唤
29 中文旅游文本英译中的歧义现象分析
30 从中美婚宴差异看集体主义和个人主义
31 影响非英语专业大一新生口语输出的因素
32 《走出非洲》：走出迪内森的矛盾态度
33 旅游宣传资料中的误译与解决方法
34 从女性主义角度解读华顿《纯真年代》中的埃伦
35 电子词典与英语学习
36 英语习语与基督教
37 《伤心咖啡馆之歌》中爱米利亚性别身份分析
38 从关联理论的角度欣赏幽默翻译
39 英语缩略语及其语用功能
40 英专和非英专学生英语作文中错误的对比研究
41 武汉方言对英语语音的影响及其对教学的启示
42 中西行星命名的文化探源
43 英语新闻中的新词
44 中国古典诗歌英译中对“三美”理论的探索
45 从电影《七宗罪》浅析原罪
46 浅论体态语的社会功能
47 中西思维方式差异对中英语篇的影响
48 中国和西方国家婚俗的比较
49 浅析合作原则的违背在广告语言中的运用
50 浅析电影《推手》中中美家庭的文化冲突
英语本科毕业论文题目【2】
1.Study on Translation of Trade Marks and Culture
商标翻译与文化研究
2.The Social and Cultural Factors in Translation Practice
影响翻译实践的社会和文化因素
3.On the Translation of English Idioms
论英语习语的翻译
4.Study on Features and Translation of English Idioms
英语习语翻译特点研究
5.The Comparison and Translation of Chinese and English Idioms
中英习语翻译与比较
6.Study on Loyalty in English-Chinese Translation
中英互译的忠实性研究
7.Cultural Equivalence in Translation
翻译中的文化对等性研究
8.Literature Translation and the Important of it
文学翻译与重要性研究
9.On the Du Fu’s Poems Translation
论杜甫的诗词翻译
10.The Analysis of Techniques for Learning a Foreign Language Through Translation 通过翻译学习外语的技巧分析
11.中英颜色词的文化差异及翻译
Cultural Differences and Translation in Chinese and English Color words
翻译中不可译性的文化阐释
12.An Cultural Perspective on Untranslatability
中英动物文化内涵的不同及翻译
13.Cultural Connotation and Translation in Chinese and English Animals
浅论翻译中的译者主体性发挥的度
14.On Degree of Translators Subjectivity in Translation
修辞策略在广告英语中的效用探究
15.A Probe of the Effect of Rhetorical Devices in English Advertisement
16.Error Analysis of the English Translation of the Information about Scenic Spots in Wuhan 武汉旅游景点资料的英译错误分析
17.Semantic--Transliteration-the Most Favorable Method for Translating Foreign Words into Chinese
音意兼译外来词中译之首选方法
18.A Tentative Study on the Cohesion and Coherence in Sun Zhili’s Chinese Translation of Pride and Prejudice
浅论《傲慢与偏见》孙致礼中译本的衔接与连贯
19.Chinese Translation of Attributive Clauses in English for Science and Technology 科技英语中定语从句的汉译
20.Film Titles and Their TranslationA cross-cultural perspective
从跨文化角度分析电影片名及其翻译
21.Translating Expressions on Public Signs from Chinese into English
汉语公示语英译
22.论文化差异与翻译
Cultural differences and translation
23.商标名的翻译原则与品牌文化
The Translation Principle of Brand Names and Brand Culture
24.英文电影片名的翻译策略与翻译方法研究
On Translation of English Film Names
25.意美、音美、形美--英文商标的汉译
Beauty in Sense, Sound and Form--On Translation of English Trademarks into Chinese
26.中文商标英译探
On the Translation of Trademarks from Chinese into English
27.国际商务谈判中的双赢语用策略
The Win-Win Pragmatic Strategies in International Business Negotiation
28.Grice 的合作原则在国际商务谈判中的应用
The Application of Grice’s Cooperation Principle in International Business Negotiation
29.中西文化面子观差异对比分析
An Analysis on Differences between Chinese and Western Ideas on Face
30.中西文化中女性角色意识差异及其对职业发展影响
Differences between Chinese and Western Role Awareness of Women and the Effects on Their Career Development
31.英语学习中文化障碍
Cultural Obstacles in English Learning
32.从中西委婉语的对比透视中西文化差异
Understand Chinese and English Cultural Differences through the Comparison between Chinese and western Euphenism
33.中英禁忌语比较
A Comparison between Chinese and English taboos
34.从隐私权看中西文化差异
A Comparison between Chinese and Western Cultural Differences from the Aspect of Privacy right
35.中西社会习俗比较
A Comparison Between Chinese and Western Social Conventions
36.言语行为理论及其应用
Speech Act and its Application
37.湖北经济学院英语自主学习现状调查
A Survey on the Students’ English Autonomous Learning in Hubei University of Economics
38.湖北经济学院双语课程学习现状调查
A Survey on Bilingual Courses’ Learning in Hubei University of Economics
39.1The Cultural Connotation of English Etymology and the Teaching of English Vocabulary
英语词源的文化内涵与词汇教学
40.English idiomsA Mirror Reflecting British Culture
英语习语与英国文化反映
41.On Values of Chinese from Perspective of Lexicon
从词汇角度读中国人的价值观
42.On Cultural Differences of Body Language between English and Chinese
论中英体态语文化差异
43.The Analysis on the Differences of Interpersonal Relationship between Eastern and Western People
东西方人际关系要素差异探析
44.Approach to Cultural Differences in Sino-U.S. Business Negotiation and its Impacts
中美商务谈判中的文化差异及其影响探析
45.Asymmetrical Features of Politeness Principle in Cross-cultural Communication
跨文化交际中的礼貌原则的非对称性研究
46.English and Chinese Euphemisms: A Comparison between Their Cultural Implications
从英汉委婉语对比中透析中西文化差异
47.On the Cultural Differences of the Etiquette Norms in Chinese and English Nonverbal Communication
中英非语言交际礼俗规范的文化差异研究
48.A Comparative Study on the Different Cultural Connotations of Basic Chinese and English Color Words
英汉基本颜色词文化内涵对比研究
49.Characteristic and Cultural Differences of the English and Chinese Idioms
中英文习语的特点以及文化差异
50.Chinese and Western Culture Values in Advertising Language
从广告语中看中西方文化观
★★★我是工程类课程老师，不是代写论文的，仅仅提供资料并进行探讨而已． ★★★★在我的个人中心有维普资讯的账号密码，需要的可以去那查找相关的论文期刊资料，如有不能使用的，麻烦提出，我尽快更新． 有人说我一直用类似的答案回答，但是我不得不这么做。学会自己搜索数据库对写论文是非常有帮助的，其实没有人会在网上真得写一篇论文出来，即使是收费的，也仅仅是东凑一点西拼一点而已，还不如自己去找呢！ 您也可以去以下网站找资料，然后提问索取全文(索取请先使用我个人中心的维普账号查看是否能自行下载）： ★（如果上不去，换） 是个收费网站，而且很贵！！！！但是你可以去那里查资料然后问我要全文，因为CNKI的资料很全，有3400多万篇文章。 当然你在任何论文网站或数据库下载全文遇到收费时，都可以向我寻求帮助！ 中国知网，你上去输入关键词，搜索一下就有了 索取全文参看 搜索结果如： 1. 浅谈中西文化差异与翻译 被引次数:67次 朱耀先 文献来自:中国翻译 1997年 第04期 浅谈中西文化差异与翻译浅谈中西文化差异与翻译朱耀先文化差异是翻译中的障碍和难题。要在两种语言之间进行翻译,除了通晓两种语言文字外,还必须了解两种文化,深刻理解两种文化之间的差异。本文拟从历史文化、地域文化、习俗文化 ... 2. 英汉基本颜色词文化内涵的共性与差异 被引次数:3次 卢玮 文献来自:十堰职业技术学院学报 1998年 第02期 颜色词与民族心理;(2)颜色词与尊卑等级;(3)颜色词与民俗;(4)颜色词与宗教,探讨了英汉基本颜色词所蕴藏的文化内涵 ... 3. 从英汉颜色词透视中西文化差异 徐湘平 文献来自:怀化学院学报 2007年 第03期 神与形的文化差异造就了汉英颜色词的不同。四、颜色词所体现的民俗文化差异中英两国所处的社会文化背景不同,颜色词体现出鲜明的民族性,反映了两种语言丰富的民俗文化用语及历史渊源。在英语文化中各自有许多丰富的典故。汉文化中的大 ... 4. 英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异 陈永烨 文献来自:辽宁工程技术大学学报(社会科学版) 2005年 第04期 更要注重文化个性的冲突。英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异@陈永烨$河南经贸职业学院外语旅游系 ... 了解并掌握这些颜色词的语义及其引申意义差异性,对促进中西文化交流和翻译实践有一定的现实指导意义。[1]张丛江,王雪梅 ... 5. 从颜色词看英汉语言中的文化差异 被引次数:1次 郭晓英 文献来自:天水师范学院学报 2005年 第03期 产生于社会文化中的颜色词,由于其生成土壤的不同,其所涵盖的信息和赋予的意义也不一样。以下笔者将从七个方面探讨颜色词在英汉语言中的差异。一、不同政治制度导致的差异各民族由于不同的政治经济制度,他们利用不同颜色代表政治派别或 ... 6. 谈英语文化语用教学及颜色词的中西差异 张丽 文献来自:连云港师范高等专科学校学报 2002年 第03期 是一种永久性的文化现象。本文试图从颜色词中西文化对比的角度 ,去分析、探究各民族文化发展对颜色词的象征意义的影响。[1]夏征龙 ... 7. 从“礼貌”特征看中西文化差异 被引次数:5次 韦琴红 文献来自:临沂师范学院学报 2001年 第03期 与英语民族性注重隐私和个人自主性存在着巨大的文化差异。只有了解了这种由于中西文化的不同所导致的礼貌问题上的文化差异,才可以避免语用失误,达到跨文化交际成功的目的。[1]邓炎昌,刘润清 ... 8. 漫谈汉英颜色词的文化内涵 被引次数:4次 潘章仙 文献来自:浙江师大学报(社会科学版) 1996年 第05期 以便从中窥见不同民族文化对语言产生的巨大影响力和渗透力。一、颜色词的感情色彩所谓颜色词指的是那些描写事物颜色的词语 ... 9. 浅谈汉语词语的文化意义与中西文化差异 被引次数:2次 陈岩 文献来自:黑龙江社会科学 2005年 第02期 词语的文化意义充分反映该语言社团的生活现实和该语言社团成员对词的所指对象的心理印象,最能反映民族差异,同时也对词语的理解产生干扰。浅谈汉语词语的文化意义与中西文化差异@陈岩$东北农业大学国际文化教育学院 ... 10. 颜色词语与中西文化差异 张立改 刘丽娟 文献来自:河北自学考试 2007年 第08期 颜色词语与中西文化差异@张立改 @刘丽娟<正>英汉语言习惯不同,风俗各异,表示颜色的方法和用词也不尽相同,就是对同一颜色的理解与使用也有差异。随着人类文明的不断发展,表示颜色的词汇也相应地不断得到丰富,其意 ... 上一页 1 [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] 下一页
英语专业主要看的是英语能力吧。你可以翻译下别人其他专业的论文
颜色在汉语中是名词。颜色[ yán sè ]⒈ 色彩。光的各种现象(例如红色、棕色、桃红色、灰色、绿色、蓝色和白色等)，或使人们得以区分在大小、形状或结构等方面完全相同的物体的视觉或知觉现象。英colour;⒉ 指显示给人看的利害的脸色。例颜色不少变。——明·张溥《五人墓碑记》英countenance; facial expression;⒊ 口：指颜料或染料。英pigment; dyestuff;⒋ 为颜料所染成的色彩或色泽。例他的衣服上满都是那种颜色的染料。英tincture;⒌ 女子的姿色。例回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色。——唐·白居易《长恨歌》英good looks;标题：颜色
汉语中，颜色词都是非常活跃的，是词汇的重要组成部分。通过分析汉语颜色词，对进一步地了解汉语词汇及其相关的文化内涵有重要意义。关键词：汉语颜色词语义功能颜色词是语言中用来描写事物各种色彩的词。
绪论第一章 颜色词研究第一节 国外颜色词研究第二节 国内颜色词研究第三节 颜色词研究总结第二章 现代汉语颜色词语义分析的基础第一节 现代汉语颜色词的构成第二节 现代汉语颜色词语义分析的物理—心理基础第三节 现代汉语颜色词语义分析的色彩认知基础第四节 现代汉语颜色词语义分析的方法论基础第五节 现代汉语颜色词语义分析的思路与框架第三章 现代汉语颜色词语义聚合分析第一节 语义聚合分析的原则和步骤第二节 表红色调颜色词语义聚合分析第三节 表黄色调颜色词语义聚合分析第四节 表绿色调颜色词语义聚合分析第五节 表蓝色调颜色词语义聚合分析第六节 表紫色调颜色词语义聚合分析第七节 表褐色调颜色词语义聚合分析第八节 表黑色调颜色词语义聚合分析第九节 表白色调颜色词语义聚合分析第十节 表灰色调颜色词语义聚合分析第十一节 现代汉语颜色词语义聚合分析总结第四章 现代汉语颜色词语义组合分析第一节 语义组合分析的思路第二节 构词层面的语义组合分析第三节 词汇搭配层面的语义组合分析第四节 句法层面的语义组合分析第五节 现代汉语颜色词语义组合分析总结第五章 结语附录：现代汉语颜色词词表参考文献后记
《古汉语常用字字典》（负责统稿。商务印书馆，1979年初版，1993年修订版。获首届中国辞书奖一等奖）； 《古汉语词汇纲要》（北京大学出版社，1989年。获国家教委全国高等院校人文社会科学研究优秀成果奖二等奖）；《唐诗语言研究》（中州古籍出版社，1990年。获第二届全国古籍优秀成果奖二等奖）；《近代汉语研究概况》（北京大学出版社，1994年。获全国高等院校出版社优秀科研成果奖）；《蒋绍愚自选集》（河南教育出版社，1994年）；《近代汉语语法资料汇编》（三卷，刘坚、蒋绍愚主编，商务印书馆，1990－1995年。获中国社会科学院1977－1991年优秀科研成果奖）；《古代汉语》（三册，与郭锡良等合编，北京出版社，1981－1983年。获国家教委高等院校优秀教材一等奖）。 《近代汉语研究》（胡竹安、样耐思、蒋绍愚编，商务印书馆，1993年）；《近代汉语研究（二）》（蒋绍愚、江蓝生编，商务印书馆，1999年）。 2002——2007年主要论文1、《读〈广雅疏证〉札记》，《纪念王力先生百年诞辰学术论文集》，商务印书馆，2002.82、《“给”字句、“教”字句表被动的来源——兼论语法化、类推和功能扩展》，《语言学论丛》第26辑，2002.8。3、《古代汉语词汇研究》，《20世纪中国学术大典·语言学》，福建教育出版社，2002.94、《唐诗三百首》，《与名家一起读经典》，中国纺织出版社，2003.45、《魏晋南北朝的“述宾补”式述补结构》，《国学研究》第12卷， 2003.126、《李白杜甫诗中的“月”和“风”》，《语言文学与资讯》，（新竹）清华大学出版社，2004.2。7、《受事主语句的发展与使役句到被动句的演变》，《意义与形式——古代汉语语法论文集》，Lincom GmbH,2004.48、《从“尽V——V尽”和“误V /错V——错V” 看述补结构的形成》， 《语言暨语言学》，第5卷，第3期，2004.6。9、《汉语颜色词的历史演变》，《语言暨语言学》专刊外编之四，台北，中研院语言研究所，2004.12.10、《关于汉语史研究的几个问题》，《汉语史学报》，第5辑，2005.5。11、《从{走}到{跑}的历史更替》，《纪念李方桂先生百年冥诞论文集》，中研院语言所/美国华盛顿大学，2005.8。12、《汉语“天”的意义的演变》， “Studies in Chinese Language and Culture—Festschrift in Honour of Christoph Harbsmeier on Occasion of his 60th Birthday”， Hermes Acadamic Publing & Bookshop A/S, Oslo. April 2006.13、《汉语词义和词汇系统的历史演变初探——以“投”为例》，《北京大学学报》，2006年第4期。14、《从助动词“解”、“会”、“识”的形成看语义的演变》，《汉语学报》，2007年第1期。15、《打击义动词的词义分析》，《中国语文》2007年第5期。16、《东南西北》，《语苑撷英（二）》，中国大百科全书出版社，2007年12月。
中西文化中颜色词语的象征意义 The symbolic meaning of the color word of between China and western countries Summary: Show in the Chinese-English language the words of different colors or color is very abundant. We not merely should pay attention to observing themselves' basic meaning, should paying attention to the deep and broad symbolic meaning of their meaning even more, because their symbolic meaning often has different characteristics in different national languages, some characteristics even form people to the advocating and taboo of the color after guiding stretching , transferred meaning. The difference of symbolic meanings of the color between such different culture is because of each national difference and producing of historical background , aesthetic psychology of culture, sanctified by usage in the sediment of development , history in the society, it is a kind of permanent culture phenomenon. The angle that this text attempts to compare from Chinese and Western culture with analysis, probe into various nationalities' culture to develop the impact on symbolic meaning of the color word. The human language is extensive and profound, different countries, the unique glamour that different and national color words demonstrate, make people regard with special esteem. In Great Britain's Chinese-English language, all very abundant to displaying different colors or the word of the color. We not merely want to understand their each one's own basic meaning, should pay attention to the deep and broad symbolic meaning of their meaning even more. Because often there are different characteristics in different national languages in symbolic meanings of the color, some characteristics have not represented the meaning of its word itself yet, but guide stretching, transferred meaning to it. First , midwest square color word because of our country and hopeless the greater part English country ten thousand li apart objective cause , symbolic meaning of difference, in the geographical position , scene that history aches , very great difference exists aesthetically psychologically, so the feeling of seeking the color word will not be the same. The symbolic meaning that a color word shows will be various naturally . This text will do some brief contrasts and discussions on the color of the word and symbolic meaning difference in Chinese and Western culture. By the look of definition of the color, color through eyes brain and people a kind of vision effect to the light experience of life produce, it is a vision phenomenon launched , reflecting or causing through certain light wave by the object, it is a kind of basic domestic animal of the human eye vision . About the definition of, it is relatively short to going through the time of the feudal society, and in nearly modern science is popularized and the west of development says at full speed, it is easier they accepted. The west relatively pays attention to the analysis things with rational science from the beginning, display it to the objective world and realistic scientific attitude known objectively. So, the symbolic meaning of the color is often more direct in western culture, generally symbolize some abstract cultural meaning with the concrete color of objective things For example: Western culture " getting red " to point color of " blood " but blood surge forward life liquid of the human body among the mind in westerner mainly, once the blood trickles, the life stops , so, the red make people associate it with the violence , dangerous, thus produced to the red taboo. Western Sinologist translate " Dream of the Red Chamber " may because of the fact that consider " red " make them is it bleed to associate it with, so adopted title " the stone is written " that the novel had used originally, English meant story of the stone to compare with the western civilization, Chinese culture is of long standing and well established, the feudal society that China goes through several thousand years, education and science lag behind relatively, so, in Chinese culture, the thought that the color expresses has strong mystery flavor, the development of the objective reality receives China's social development relatively largely. Color intension and symbolic meaning are very abundant in Chinese culture, and the symbolic meaning of the color word is plural. For example, the red in Chinese culture comes from the sun. Our ancestor has a kind of instinctive attachment and worships to the sunshine, the red joyous and lucky production naturally of purpose. With getting white as example and then, in mankind initial stage, our ancestor is small and weak and unable, make them completely exposed in broad daylight, an attack of the irresistible fiendish beast of prey, therefore the dialogue color has a kind of instinctive frightened sense, so the white becomes a kind of color and prohibits avoiding as taboo in Chinese culture. It is obvious; the symbolic meaning of the color demonstrates the human psychological characteristics at the same time. Second, concrete description of different symbolic meanings of the color in Chinese and Western culture. , the red advocates the color basically in our country's culture. It is lucky , joyous that it symbolizes; For example facilitate others bright marriage name " matchmaker ", joyous day will be it register for bright red lantern to want, stick to and form uniting red, the red good fortune word: The man sticks the bright red " liking " word while marrying the daughter and is married, one is lively | The prosperity is named " flourishing "; It symbolizes the revolution and progress again, for instance, Communist Party of China's initial regime is named " red regime ", the initial arms are called " the Red Army "; It is it smoothly , succeed to symbolize too, such as to very kind to known as " becoming much more popular " circumstances have people; Trusted unduly and called " the favourite follower " by the superior ; Assign to and manage profits and shout and " share out bonus", load the end with the beautiful woman to call " the beauty " ,etc.. The red is one to demote symbol that the word with quite strong purpose is " fire , blood " in western culture, representatives are cruel and ferocious and bleeding. If (1), is it massacre with violence is it claim for The red rules of tooth and claw (2 ) bloody to revenge for red revenge to ruling to describe; It symbolizes the radical violent revolution again, such as (1)It is a red revolution to describe the red revolution (2)Radical political movement represent for red hot political campaign (3 ) the Left radical activity commendatory as for a getting red one for red activities, for instance joyous day the red carpet of red days, grand reception ,etc., benefit from different culture and exchange and merge. 2, White and red and opposite, it is a basic taboo word; reflect Chinese are in the material and spiritual abandoning and disgust. The white does not have blood color, dead behavior; symbolize the death, ill omen. If the relative has wanted to wrap rough Dai Xiao after dying since ancient times, worn the white mourning dress, is called the funeral, set up the white mourning hall , should hit the white long narrow flag while carrying a coffin to the cemetery . Getting white word is it reach political influence is it fail, be unwise, is it take to have no profit to signify also to like in the course of its development, such as party that fail play " white flag " say that surrenders always among war; Call person with low intelligence " eat free ", exert oneself but make the advantage or come to naught and is named " busy oneself to no purpose " | " waste strength ". Finally, it signifies there is little knowledge, there is not fame and gain, such as calling rank and file “the commoner ", temper being scarce, scholar not deep calls “the pale-faced scholar ",etc. the experience. Western culture getting white symbolic meaning focus on one's own color their mainly, snow such as being new, fresh milk and color of the lily. Westerners think it white and graceful and pure, so it is the advocating color in the western culture. It is evil that it signifies that too pure to have, such as (1) a white souls, pure white wedding bride's wedding in white full dress of soul (2 ); It is honest , honest that it symbolizes again, such as (1) a white spirit honest soul (2)A white men is noble, an educated person. (3)White hand is honest; It is honest , honest that it symbolizes again, such as (1) a white spirit honest soul (2)A white men is noble, an educated person. (3)White hand is honest; It symbolize lucky too, if (1) somebody, life of one of the white days o f sib’s, it have legal and having hostile meaning lucky day of the life, such as (1) white market legal market, 3, the black has heavy mysterious senses in Chinese culture, it is a kind of serious and serious tone, and its symbolic meaning seems comparatively complicated because of affecting by western culture. On one hand it symbolizes serious , justice, black face Boa Zhen in the popular legend , black type of facial make up of Zhang Fey , Li Chui in traditional Beijing opera ,etc.; It again because a one's own one their dark to give somebody sinisterly , sinister and terrific feeling while being unglazed on the other hand. It symbolizes evilly, reactionary, such as meaning the sinisterly vicious person is a black heart, hidden repulsive inside information is " shady deal ", members of the reactionary group are the reactionary gang, evil backstage manipulator, call the ruler for the list of the dissident that draws up blacklist, (2) legal bright form that white list is sanctioned, (3) a white lie harmless lie. It show crime , break the law, such as is it do bandit conduct shout " walk the underworld " , is it kill robbery of goods , do illegal inn of business name the gangster inn to claim to claim, the violated goods trade calls the black market, is named the dirty money and waited with the money that the illegal means is obtained It is the basic taboo color in the western culture to be black (black), have reflected westerner's spiritual abandoning and disgust. It symbolizes the death , ill omen , disaster, if (1) Black Mass fits fairy Mass, (2) to wear black for her father is her father Dai Xiao, (3)black words unlucky words, (4) the fierce day of a black letter day; It symbolizes the evilness , crime, such as (1) the evil devil of Black Man, (2) a black de ed extremely abominable black guard ruffian , hooligan of behavior (3 ); It symbolizes shame, inglorious too, if a black eye disgraced , bad reputation of a black mark stain (2 ) of (1 ); Depressed , angry that it still symbolizes, such as (1) black dog depressed mood, (2) The future looks black prospects are dim, (3)He gave me a black look. He is looking at me in a great rage. 4,In a word there is a very great difference in different national culture in the symbolic meaning of the color word. Fundamentally, among Chinese culture, symbol of color based on China in the past ruling of feudalism, feudalistic superstition and primitive, backward science, educational state take shape, so the symbolic meaning of the color has quite strong inclination of politicizing and mystifying. The color in western culture signifies that benefits from the popularization degree of the national opening in the west and science , education more, symbolic meaning its little and mysterious, getting many some reason, make sometime , motivation easy to track the meaning of a word its. Symbolic meanings of the color between different cultures are all sanctified by usage in the sediment of development, history in the society; it is a kind of permanent culture phenomenon. , interesting, humor, cordial that they can make the language more vivid! List of references: 1, “modern Chinese dictionary ", Foreign Language Teaching and Research Publishing House. June of 1998 2, Zhang Devin, " informal discussion of Chinese and foreign languages ", the publishing house of university of Henna is 1999. 3, Li Yantis, <>, the 2nd Foreign Language Inst. of Beijing, 1998 4, Jig Mingling, " the social cultural meaning of English color word is analyzed ", the journal of Zhen Zhou University, 1997. 3 5, " 300 Tang poetries ", Jillian People's Press, 1999. 汉英语言中表示各种不同颜色或色彩的词语都很丰富。我们不仅要注意观察它们本身的基本意义，更要留心它们含义深广的象征意义，因为它们的象征意义在不同民族语言中往往有不同的特点，有些特点甚至构成了人们对经过引伸、转义以后颜色的崇尚和禁忌。这种不同文化之间颜色象征意义的差异是由于各自民族的文化历史背景、审美心理的不同而产生的，是在社会的发展、历史的沉淀中约定俗成的，是一种永久性的文化现象。本文试图从中西文化对比的角度，去分析、探究各民族文化发展对颜色词的象征意义的影响。 在人类语言中，颜色词语表现出的独特魅力，令人刮目相看。在汉英语言中，表示各种不同颜色或色彩的词都很丰富。我们不仅要注意观察它们本身的基本意义，更要留心它们含义深广的象征意义，因为颜色的象征意义在不同民族语言中往往有不同的特点，有些特点甚至构成了人们对经过引伸、转义以后颜色的崇尚和禁忌。由于我国与绝大部分英语国家相隔万里，地理位置、自然现象、历史背景、审美心理等千差万别，人们对于颜色的感受和表达不尽相同。这样，颜色的象征意义在中西文化之间自然又会产生很大的差异。本文拟就中西文化中词语的颜色、词语的象征意义作一些对比和探讨，以求教于同行和读者。 从科学的定义来说，颜色是由物体发射、反射或透过一定光波所引起的视觉现象，是人眼视觉的一种基本特征。颜色生成的这种定义，对经历封建社会时间相对短，且在近代和现代教育和科学得到普及和飞速发展的西方来说，是比较易于为他们所接受的。西方从文明一开始，就比较注重科学理性的教育和科学方法的发现，对客观世界和客观认识采取现实的科学态度。因此，西方文化中颜色的象征意义往往比较直接，一般是用客观事物的具体颜色来象征某些抽象的文化含义，所以更易追溯其语义理据和逻辑理据。例如：西方文化中的红色（red）主要指鲜血（blood）颜色，而blood在西方人心目中是奔腾在人体内的"生命之液"。一旦鲜血流淌下来，生命之花也就凋谢。所以red使西方人联想到"暴力"和"危险"产生了一种颜色禁忌。美国学者阿思海姆在他的《色彩论》中说："色彩能有力的表达情感。……红色被认为是令人激动的，因为它能使我们想到火、血和革命的含义。"著名汉学家霍克斯在翻译"红楼梦"时，由于意识到red可能使现代英语读者联想到“暴力"、"流血"，所以采用小说原来曾使用的书名《石头记》，译为The story of the stone。但是由于中国经历了几千年的封建社会以及教育和科技的相对落后，在中国文化中，颜色的生成具有强烈的神秘色彩，它的发展受到中国社会文化发展的较大影响。在先秦，颜色词就已经与古人的世界观、哲学思想联系在一起，后来又与政治挂钩。所以中国文化中的颜色内涵和象征意义十分丰富，而且颜色词的象征意义是多元 的。例如，从文化人类学角度来讲，中国文化中的红色源于太阳，因为烈日如火，其色赤红。我们的初祖在祭祈巫舞的过程中，对阳光有一种本能的依恋和崇拜，红色的喜庆和吉祥之意自然而然地产生了。古人还认为"日至而万物生" （《淮南子•天文训》）感到阳光下万物繁茂，生机勃勃，令人振奋，因而对代表太阳的红色产生了特别亲切的感情。再以白色为例，在人类初始阶段，我们的祖先弱小而无力，无法抗拒凶恶猛兽的攻击、光天化日的白昼使他们暴露无遗，有一种随时都有被食肉猛兽扑食的危险，因而对白色有一种本能的恐惧感；另外，我们的初祖还观察到"月到中秋分外明"，因而认为明月与萧煞的秋季连在一起，而代表秋天的颜色也就是白色了（银白色的中秋之月）。这样白色在中国文化里就成了一种颜色禁讳。可见颜色的象征意义在漫长的历史进程中的约定俗成的，体现出某种心理功能。下面我们就中西文化中颜色的不同象征意义进行具 体描述。 1、红色 红色是我国文化中的基本崇尚色，它体现了中国人在精神和物质上的追求。它象征着吉祥、喜庆，如把促 成他人美好婚姻的人叫"红娘"，喜庆日子要挂大红灯笼、贴红对联、红福字；男娶女嫁时贴大红"喜"字，把热闹、兴旺叫做"红火"；形容繁华、热闹的地方叫"红尘"；它又象征革命和进步，如中共最初的政权叫“红色政权”，最早的武装叫“红军”，把政治上要求进步、业务上刻苦钻研的人称为“又红又专”等；它也象征顺利、成功，如人的境遇很好被称为"走红"、"红极一时"，得到上司宠信的叫"红人"，分到合伙经营利润叫"分红"，给人发奖金叫"送红包"等；它还象征美丽、漂亮，如指女子盛妆为"红妆"或"红装" ，把艳妆女子称为"红袖"，指女子美艳的容颜为"红颜"等。 西方文化中的红色（red）则是一个贬意相当强的词，是"火"、"血"的联想，它象征着残暴、流血，如（1）The red rules oftooth and claw残杀 和暴力统治，（2）red revenge血腥复仇，（3）ared battle血战 ；它又象征激进、暴力革命，如（1）red hotpolitical campaign激烈的政治运动，（2）a red revolution 赤色革命，（3）red activities左派激进活动；它也象征危险、紧张，如（1）red alert空袭报警，（2）a red adventure story一个令人紧张的冒险故事，（3）a red flag危险信号旗；它还象征着放荡、淫秽，如（ 1）a red waste of his youth他那因放荡而浪费的青春，（2）ared light district花街柳巷（红灯区），（ 3）Is she really sored as she is painted？难到她真的象人们所描绘的那样放荡吗？ 至于红色的褒义，如red—letter day喜庆的日子，the red carpet隆重的接待等，则得益于不同文化之间 的交流和融合。据考证，red的褒义是从远东经波斯传到西方的。 2、白色 在中国文化中，白色与红色相反，是一个基本禁忌词，体现了中国人在物质和精神上的摈弃和厌恶。在中国古代的五方说中，西方为白虎，西方是刑天杀神，主萧杀之秋，古代常在秋季征伐不义、处死犯人。所以白色是枯竭而无血色、无生命的表现，象征死亡、凶兆。如自古以来亲人死后家属要披麻戴孝（穿白色孝服）办"白事"，要设白色灵堂，出殡时要打白幡；旧时还把白虎视为凶神，所以现在称带给男人厄运的女人为"白虎星"。白色的心理功能在其发展过程中由于受到政治功能的影响，又象征腐朽、反动、落后，如视为"白专道路"；它也象征失败、愚蠢、无利可得，如在战争中失败的一方总是打着“白旗”表示投降，称智力低下的人为"白痴"，把出力而得不到好处或没有效果叫做"白忙"、"白费力"、"白干"等，它还象征奸邪、阴险，如"唱白脸"、"白脸"奸雄；最后，它还象征知识浅薄、没有功名，如称平民百姓为"白丁"、"白衣"、"白身"，把缺乏锻炼、阅历不深的文人称作"白面书生"等。 西方文化中的白色象征意义主要着眼于其本身色彩，如新下的雪、新鲜牛奶及百合花的颜色。西方人认为白色高雅纯洁，所以它是西方文化中的崇尚色。它象征纯真无邪，如（1）awhitesoul纯洁的心灵，（2）whitewedding新娘穿白礼服的婚礼；它又象征正直、诚实，如（1）awhitespirit正直的精神，（2）whitemen高尚、有教养的人，（3）whitehand廉洁、诚实；它也象征幸运、吉利，如（1）oneofthewhitedaysofsb'slife某人生活中的吉日之一，（2）whitemagic有天使相助的法术；它还有合法、无恶意的意思，如（1）whitemarket合法市场，（2）whitelist经过批准的合法明单，（3）awhitelie无害的谎言。 3、黑色 古代黑色为天玄，原来在中国文化里只有沉重的神秘之感，是一种庄重而严肃的色调，它的象征意义由于受西方文化的影响而显得较为复杂。一方面它象征严肃、正义，如民间传说中的"黑脸"包公，传统京剧中的张飞、李逵等人的黑色脸谱；另一方面它又由于其本身的黑暗无光给人以阴险、毒辣和恐怖的感觉。它象征邪恶、反动，如指阴险狠毒的人是"黑心肠"，不可告人的丑恶内情是"黑幕"，反动集团的成员是"黑帮"、"黑手"，把统治者为进行政治迫害而开列的持不同政见者的名单称为"黑名单"，它又表示犯罪、违法，如称干盗匪行径叫"走黑道"，称杀人劫货、干不法勾当的客店叫做"黑店"，违禁的货物交易叫"黑货"、"黑市"，用贪赃受贿等非法手段得来的钱叫"黑钱"等。 黑色（black）是西方文化中的基本禁忌色，体现了西方人精神上的摈弃和厌恶。它象征死亡、凶兆、灾难，如（1）BlackMass安灵弥撒，（2）towearblackforhcrfather为她父亲戴孝，（3）blackwords不吉利的话，（4）ablackletterday凶日；它象征邪恶、犯罪，如（1）BlackMan邪恶的恶魔，（2）ablackdeed极其恶劣的行为，（3）blackguard恶棍、流氓，（4）blackmail敲榨、勒索；它也象征耻辱、不光彩，如（1）ablackmark污点，（2）blacksheep败家子，（3）ablackeye丢脸、坏名声，它还象征沮丧、愤怒，如（1）blackdog沮丧情绪，（2）Thefuturelooksblack前途暗淡，（3）Hegavemeablacklook。他怒气冲冲地看着我。 4、其他颜色 黄色在中国文化中是红色的一种发展变异，如旧时人们把宜于办大事的日子称为“黄道吉日”，但是它更代表权势、威严，这是因为在古代的五方、五行、五色中，中央为土黄色。黄色象征中央政权、国土之义，所以黄色便为历代封建帝王所专有，普通人是不能随便使用"黄色"的，如"黄袍"是天子的"龙袍"，"黄钺"是天子的仪仗，"黄榜"是天子的诏书，"黄马褂"是清朝皇帝钦赐文武重臣的官服。至于现在流行的与"性"有关的"黄色"观念，有一种说法是中西文化交流融合的一种现象。据说美国纽约的《世界报》用黄色油墨印刷低级趣味的漫画以争取销路，人们便称这一类不健康的刊物为“黄色刊物”.
哈哈~我有，我找给你，我毕业论文就写的这个。 现代汉语颜色词语义分析汉英语颜色词对比研究 中英颜色词文化内涵探究《文史博览(理论)》《社会科学论坛》《从认知角度看颜色词及中英文化的差异》《论艺术的精神》