发布时间：
论文摘要不仅有中文的也有英文的，英文摘要的内容要求与中文摘要一样，包括目的、方法、结果和结论四部分，写作组成内容一样并不表示写作要求也完全一样，英文摘要相对于中文摘要最大的区别在于，中译英的时候容易出现篇幅够长，因此撰写英文摘要做到简洁明了，当然还有一个方面要特别注意，那就是时态问题，下文笔者就这方面来具体讲讲，大家继续往下看。 英语论文摘要有哪些文体特点 (1)正规 摘要一般以专业人员为读者对象，属于正式文体，句法结构要求严谨规范。因而摘要中的句子都很完整，没有口语体中的省略句或不完整句。用词也很规范，多用论文研究领域的标准术语，正规英语，很少用缩写词和古词。 (2)精炼 摘要要求精炼，不宜列举例证，不宜与其他研究工作作对比。语句也少有重复。在衔接方面，主要使用词汇手段。通过词汇在意义上的衔接，把全篇文章的各部分紧紧地联系在一起，使文章结构紧凑，前后呼应。复合名词可以使文字紧凑利落，因而摘要中复合名词用的较多。 (3)具体 摘要的每个概念、论点都要具体鲜明。一般不笼统地写论文“与什么有关”，而直接写论文“说明什么”。用词方面要求准确，多用一些源自法语和拉丁语且使用范畴较窄的“大词”“长词”，尽量避免含混不清或一词多义的词语。 (4)完整 摘要本身要完整。有些读者是利用摘要杂志或索引卡片进行研究工作的，很可能得不到全篇论文，因此要注意不要引用论文某节或某张插图来代替说明。 英语论文摘要的时态选择 1、如果是描述研究的成果、得出的结论，用一般现在时。 2、如果描述具体的研究过程，则用一般过去时。 3、如果描述研究结果对未来的影响，用一般将来时。 4、如果是过去的研究成果，但是对现在得出的结论有影响，用现在完成时。 5、如果是引用已经成为公认的事实，则用一般现在时。 英语论文摘要的时态问题 摘要部分是文章全部结构的集合，会用到多种语态。 在介绍背景资料时，如果是不受时间影响的普遍事实，使用现在时;如果是对某种研究趋势的概述，可以用现在完成时。 在叙述研究目的或主要研究活动时，如果采用“论文导向”，多使用现在时，比如 This paper presents...，因为论文写作的时间是现在;如果采用“研究导向”，则使用过去时，比如 This study investigated...，因为研究已经完成。 在概述主要结果时，通常用现在时。 叙述结论或建议时，可使用现在时和将来时。 最后需要特别说一下的是一般现在时的使用。 一般现在时除了描述现在发生的事情以外，还可以用来描述普遍被接受的事实和真理。 那么什么是事实和真理，这个是由你来决定的。比如下面的例子。 句1：We found that the pressure increased as the temperature rose, which indicated that temperature played a significant role in the process. 句2：We found that the pressure increases as the temperature rises, which indicates that temperature plays a significant role in the process. 第一句用了过去时，是表达在过去的某个时间点，在实验的过程中，我们发现了气温升高的时候气压升高，这说明在该实验中气温在气压变化中发挥了重要作用。也就是说这个现象是在过去某个特定时间点观察到的，在那个时间点是正确的成立的，但是不知道在其他时候如何。 第二句同样的句子，但是时态变成了现在时，表达了作者认为这种现象不仅仅局限于他的实验室，而应该是在任何条件任何情况下都成立的普遍事实，这里用现在时的这句话的语气更强，表达了对自己研究发现的自信。 英文摘要的时态和语态问题 1) 英文摘要的时态。英文摘要时态的运用也以简练为佳，常用一般现在时、一般过去时，少用现在完成时、过去完成时，进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。 一般现在时。用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述结果、得出结论、提出建议或讨论等。分别举例如下：This study(investigation) is (conducted, undertaken) to…The anatomy of secondary xylem(次生木质部) in stem of Davidia involucrata (珙桐) and Camptotheca acuminata (喜树) is compared. The result shows(reveals)…，It is found that…The conclusions are…The author suggests….涉及到公认事实、自然规律、永恒真理等，当然也要用一般现在时。 一般过去时。用于叙述过去某一时刻(时段)的发现、某一研究过程(实验、观察、调查、医疗等过程)。例如：The heat pulse technique was applied to study the stemstaflow (树干液流) of two main deciduous broadleaved tree species in July and August,1996.需要指出的是，用一般过去时描述的发现、现象，往往是尚不能确认为自然规律、永恒真理的，而只是当时如何如何;所描述的研究过程也明显带有过去时间的痕迹。 现在完成时和过去完成时。完成时少用，但不是不用而过去完成时可用来表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的事情，或在一个过去事情完成之前就已完成的另一过去行为。例如：Concrete has been studied for many years. Man has not yet learned to store the solar energy.? 2) 英文摘要的语态。采用何种语态，既要考虑摘要的特点，又要满足表达的需要。一篇摘要很短，尽量不要随便混用，更不要在一个句子里混用。 主动语态。因其有助于文字清晰、简洁及表达有力。The author systematically introduces the history and development of the tissue culture of poplar 比 The history and development of the tissue culture of poplar are introduced systematically语感要强。必要时，The author systematically都可以去掉，而直接以Introduces开头。 被动语态。以前强调多用被动语态，理由是科技论文主要是说明事实经过，至于那件事是谁做的，无须一一证明。事实上，在指示性摘要中，为强调动作承受者，还是采用被动语态为好。即使在报道性摘要中，有些情况下被动者无关紧要，也必须用强调的事物做主语。例如：In this case, a greater accuracy in measuring distance might be obtained.?3) 英文摘要的人称。原来摘要的首句多用第三人称This paper…等开头例如：To describe…， To study…， To investigate…， To assess…，To determine…，The torrent classification model and the hazard zone mapping model are developed based on the geography information system.行文时好不用人称，以方便文摘刊物的编辑刊用。 英语论文摘要的写作过程，仅仅做到规范内容格式要求是不够的，选择适当的时态和语态，是使摘要符合英文语法修辞规则的前提，其中的时态问题很多人容易选错，不知道什么时候该用现在时，什么时候改用过去时，希望看完全文之后，大家能有一个更深入的了解和认识。
1、一般现在时：主要用于不受时间限制的客观存在事实的描述，或发生或存在于写论文之时的感觉、状态、关系等的描述或致谢的表述等。值得注意的是，出于尊重，凡是他人已经发表的研究成果作为"previously established knowledge"，在引述时普遍都用一般现在时。2、一般过去时：用于写论文中作者自己所做工作的描述。例如描述自己的材料、方法和结果。3、 一般将来时：用于撰写论文之后发生的动作或存在的状态。例如提出下一步的研究方向。摘要(Abstract)：摘要反映我们自己的研究结果，一般采用过去时。概述(Introduction)：(1)概述中的研究背景通常会引用相关学科中广为接受的原理或事实，以及你所做研究的重要性，这些通常采用现在时。例如：Genomics provides crucial information for rational drug design.(2)在概述中也可能引用与你从事项目相关的一些研究结果，为表达你对该研究结果仍坚信其正确性及相关性，即使已经是很久以前的研究结果，可使用现在时。查看更多英语论文时态的用法可以到上学吧论文查重看看。
论文整体用一般现在时。但叙述以前发生的历史事件要用过去时，如In 1992, he proposed a theory that......, 直接引用，时态和原文一样。
thesisdefense/dissertationdefense都可以两个词的区别仅限于字典而已，大部分英美的学校都把硕士论文也叫做dissertation的在英国本科叫thesis，硕士和博士都叫dissertation。在美国好像硕士多叫thesis。
论文答辩Oral defense
论文答辩用英语怎么说
五月到来，不少大四毕业生都面临着毕业前最后一道关卡——论文答辩。前期辛辛苦苦写了又改改了又写的论文，终于要到最后“判决”的阶段了。来看看毕业生们都关注的“论文答辩”英语该怎么说吧！
我们来看这句句子：
After all of the committee members have approved the thesis, the oral defense will be officially scheduled by the Graduate Office.
等到所有的委员会成员都通过了论文(审核)，研究生办公室将会安排正式的'答辩日期。
从上面的句子中我们可以看到，“论文答辩”就是“(thesis) oral defense”。有时候也会用“Viva-voce”来表示，但是多数情况下“Viva-voce”只针对博士生论文答辩。论文答辩委员会是“Thesis Defense Committee”。比如说“硕士论文答辩委员会”便是“Thesis Defense Committee for Master Degree”。
论文便是“thesis”，也有用“Dissertation”来表示论文的，但是一般来说，国外对于博士学位的论文才用“Dissertation”。其他学位学术论文都用“Thesis”。论文导师则是“Supervisor”。
英语毕业论文答辩（通用6篇）
英语的论文答辩要点是格式最好少些瑕疵，提前将abstract和conclusion背一背。有利于答辩的顺利进行。下面是我为大家整理的.关于英语毕业论文的答辩。欢迎大家阅读。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of On Transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is prof.With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !
Good morning, appraises committee members and schoolmates. I come from class 08951, and I am Yu Lianfei.
Today, the title of my paper is On the Network Novels. In recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. Network novel is one of the fast of them. In the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels' addicts. For the above facts,I select the subject of “on the network novels” as the title of my paper. Then, I will show it to you. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into four parts, as the concept of network novels, the classification of their authors, the development of network novels and the prospects of that.
The first part, the definition. Its concept can be divided into the generalized and the narrow. And it can also be divided into boys’ and girls’ in another way.
The second part, the classification of their authors. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of authors. The first kind is some people who have favor of literature, they are writing but not for fame. Then, there is some one has favor for literature and also be for fame. The third kind is some people who have explicit goals at the beginning of his writing. And the last kind are some people who just want to express their view, their viewpoint and their feeling with no desire of being published. They take up the most of the authors.
The third part, the development. The network novels’ development can not separate form the development of the net and the literature websites. Its developing process may be divided into three stages approximately. The first stage is from 1996 to 2000. This time's literary work often did not strive for (were also not aware of) the fame and fortune, and moreover received the control of tradition. The second stage is beginning of 21st century, mainly contains 2001 and 2002. In this period, the whole network presented the situation of “chaos”. The third stage is from May, 2003 and continues until now. In this period, many schools come into the world, and when a school became a hit there must be many people mimic it.
The last part, the forecast. Looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. If each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person’s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.
Not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
Teachers, good afternoon! My name is Chen Jing, the students of class xxx, my thesis topic is《 the power of the giver and the victim, foucault power interpretation theory perspective, the heroine in “the golden notebook, Anna》，thesis is completed under Wang Zhiqin teacher of meticulous guidance, here, I express my deep appreciation to my supervisor, to the teachers to take part in my thesis express our heartfelt thanks to you for, and for the past three years I have a chance to listen to the teachings, teachers say heartfelt tribute.Below I will this paper design the research background, significance and main content of the teacher made a report, please the teacher criticism guidance.
First of all, I want to talk about the research background and significance of the graduation thesis design.
Since the Golden Notebook involves comprehensive themes such as colonialism,feminism,racism,communism etc. and due to its severely fragmented writing forms,it has intrigued groups of both domestic and overseas critics. The research abroad could be roughly divided into three stages. The first comes about the biography of the author”],the general introduction and reading background of this novel,then a number of explorations over the themes of this book have been conducted, from the most popular one feminism,psychological featuresto the philosophical elements. Finally, critics shifted their concentration to the unique form or style applied by Lessing,for instance they analyzed the varied narrative techniques employed within ,the aesthetic value it displayed ,as well as its artistic nature generated by its messy forms.And it is worth mentioning that in 2006 Tapan K.Ghosh has composed a specific collection of reviews on the Golden Notebook.While the study over this novel in foreign country has been quite fruitful and mature, the research in China is far lagging behind, most of them just emphasized the novel's multiplethemes such as feminism,eco-economic,psychology and modemism Thus more angels should be discovered by scholars at home, such as colonialism, religious and psychological exploration, and their research method should be more diversified,for instance,the potential inter-disciplinary study of this novel are waiting to be excavated, and seldomhave critics compared this masterpiece with other similar text.
Based on Foucault's power theory, this thesis is going to explore how the female protagonist Anna in Doris Lessing's the Golden Notebook, the producer and victim of power,fought against her catastrophic life. Through a close reading of the text, this thesis aims at making a Foucanldian interpretation on Lessing's motivation behind portraying such a schizophrenic female personality, convincing the reader that power permeates every capillary of the society mainly by exerting influence on power relations between individual. Sinceeverything concerns with the functioning of power, be it tragedy or comedy, Anna's destiny cannot be an exception, instead of restraining from the one-way suppress from men,Foucault's power theory enables us to put the heroine into a larger, more diverse cultural or social background where individual's identity could be perceived with much more plurality or heterogeneity. Ultimately, given Anna's gender attributes, the application of Foucault's power theory to the analysis of heroine can shed light on how women could wittedly deal with their counterpart, strike a balance between freedom and restriction, and thus heading feminism into a more reasonable and rational direction.
Secondly, I want to talk about the structure and main contents of this paper.
The author is going to divide this thesis into five chapters. The first chapter is a briefing about the research background of the Golden Notebook, which provides an overview on the fragmented content and complicated structure of this masterpiece. The second chapter is an introduction of the research status of this novel at home and abroad, at the same time,Foucault's power theory will be elaborated here as the theoretical framework. Chapter three concentrates on the text analysis of the female protagonist Anna's pursuit of the free woman identity, which will be conducted mainly from three perspectives, namely her political faith,marriage and love, as well we psychological status. Through asserting Foucault's power theory into the text analysis, we could get a clear view on how the heroine became the victim of the omnipresent power in contemporary social organizations, and also how individual resisted power via making explorations on the genealogy of the self. Chapter four gives two different interpretations of Anna's destiny, with each representing the common feminists'view and Foucault's version respectively. Via such comparison, the author attempts to find a correlation between Foucault's power theory and feminism, to tell in what ways Foucault'spower theory have modified parts of problems in current feminism, and how the formal convergent with the latter. The last chapter serves as a concluding part in which a summary of this thesis will be reached, and limitations as well as further implications will be point out.
Finally, I want to talk about the deficiency existing in this paper.
The limitations of this thesis cannot be regarded as the challenge to the relevance of Foucaxxlt's theory to feminism; on the contrary, it tells that the value of applying Foucault'spower theory lies precisely in his invitation to feminists to remain highly critical about their previous prejudices as well as their future trends. In order to make full use of Foucault's power theory in modifying feminism, we have to dig out more convergences they share with each other. With the idea that knowledge and truth are partial ones serving as a start,Genealogy is then an excellent perspective for farther explorations on the Foucauldian and feminist projects.
Thank you very much!
Good morning， Distinguished professors and teachers， ladies and gentlemen， thank you for attending the oral defense. I am XX. First and foremost， I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor， professorXX， for his intellectual guidance， invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis. My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative， evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society.
And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part， the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.
Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part， and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part. Thank you!
这个问题没人可以回答你，因为个学校是不同的，有些学校要求中文，也有些要求外语的，字数5000到2W不等。 我的建议是查找你自己学校的教务处网站，里边肯定有以前几届的要求的。 如果你告诉我你的学校，专业，我可以帮你查。。。
是的，必须全英文，但还要有一页中文摘要，具体格式可以参考CNKI中国知网等论文网论文，关于方向：1.英语教育类学生（师范类）：英语教学法，英美文学，语言学等方向，教学法方向最简单，但不容易得到优秀论文好评；2.应用英语类学生（非师范类，可以报考科技英语，导游英语，商务英语，翻译英语等）：不能写教法，科技，导游，翻译，英美文化，语言学，商务写作方向论文等，一般文化方向较容易，雷同论文较多。
不是，一般要发表，国内发表只要摘要是英文即可
OK ，需、要、的、话、我、帮、你搞、定。
因为文章是中文，一般不宜出现外文，但如果是引用原文，就必须要标注出中文译文。
论文标题里应该可以出现缩写，同一篇论文的英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致，但不等于说词语要一一对应。在许多情况下，个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。
不要用陈述句，因为题名主要起标示作用，而陈述句容易使题名具有判断式的语义，且不够精炼和醒目。少数情况（评述性、综述性和驳斥性）下可以用疑问句做题名，因为疑问句有探讨性语气，易引起读者兴趣。
国外科技期刊一般对题名字数有所限制，有的规定题名不超过2行，每行不超过42个印刷符号和空格；有的要求题名不超过14个词。
撰写摘要注意事项不得简单重复题名中已有的信息，忌讳把引言中出现的内容写入摘要，不要照搬论文正文中的小标题（目录）或论文结论部分的文字，也不要诠释论文内容。
尽量采用文字叙述，不要将文中的数据罗列在摘要中；文字要简洁，应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容，应删除无意义的或不必要的字眼；内容不宜展开论证说明，不要列举例证，不介绍研究过程；
摘要的内容必须完整，不能把论文中所阐述的主要内容（或观点）遗漏，应写成一篇可以独立使用的短文。
可以。可以，中文论文里是可以使用英文缩写的名词。英语和汉语中的有些词汇是一一对应的，不过这类词为数极少，而且主要是一些专有名词，科技专业术语和一些表示单位和度量的词。
应该不能，除非你的内容写得非常的好，不过现在本科毕业论文都非常的卷，没有很强的能力是过不了的。
会延迟答辩，直到你改到合格为止！
论文字数够不够跟结业没有直接关系。正确逻辑关系是这样：论文字数不够是否会不通过，若论文不通过，则毕业设计不完整，则不通过，毕业设计不通过则毕不了业。不过一般老师不会再毕业设计这块卡人的，估计还没有那个老师因为毕业设计而不让学生毕业的。但是，就算做样子，也得吧毕业设计作的有模有样，至少能混过去。如果你懒得写，就算老师再好，他也有一万个理由不让你毕业
一般情况下，写论文的时候都是字数只多不少的。像我当时都是比他规定最少的字数多出了1000多字