The western area talented person strategy mentality inquired into the western area talented person strategy faces the main question includes: The elementary education is weak, the brain drain and the talented person waste the phenomenon to be serious, the talented person short and the structure of talent serious unbalanced and lacks the enough talented person long-term region non-balanced development and old system closeness, own existence congenital natural inferiority and the economical potential difference, own economical long-term non-sustainable development and own potential excavation insufficiency, is the primary cause which these many questions enhancement elementary education construction, coordinated and the perfect structure of talent, the system innovates and strengthens own talented person attraction, is the smooth implementation the western area talented person strategy effective countermeasure and the discovers the main question which the western area talented person strategy faces, again analyzes the background and the reason which these questions produce, thus summarizes and obtains solves these question related countermeasure and the measure, this is the inquisition the western area talented person strategy concrete mentality. Western area; Talented person strategy; Mentality inquisition Affects our country economy development the traditional culture factor to inquire into our country traditional culture is broad and profound, is extremely precious spiritual basic spirit includes “the beauty to gather one” and “take and as expensive”, “humanist” and “take Germany as first” and so on; Its main characteristic has people this ideal and the despotic reality, the function of the household and the loyal filial piety idea and so traditional culture to our country economy development historical influence in, has the positive influence, also has the negative traditional culture to will instruct and promotes our country nowwith the future social economy development, will have the very strongpractical significance and the profound enlightenment. At present,treats our country the traditional culture, we most should do are,during reconsidering traditional culture negative effect, even morediligently excavates in the traditional culture the positiveingredient, the model experience, the reconsidering lesson, and theunion realistic national condition, will instruct and promotes ourcountry now with the future social economy development culture; Economical development; Historical influence;Practical significance; Profound enlightenment第二段Affects our country economy development the traditional culture factorto inquire into our country traditional culture is broad and profound,is extremely precious spiritual wealth. Its basic spirit includes "thebeauty to gather one" and "take and as is expensive", "humanist" and"take Germany as first" and so on; Its main characteristic has peoplethis ideal and the despotic reality, the function of the household andChunghsiao the idea and so on. The traditional culture to our countryeconomy development historical influence in, has the positiveinfluence, also has the negative effect. The traditional culture towill instruct and promotes our country now with the future socialeconomy development, will have the very strong practical significanceand the profound enlightenment. At present, treats our country thetraditional culture, we most should do are, during reconsideringtraditional culture negative effect, even more diligently excavates inthe traditional culture the positive ingredient, the model experience,the reconsidering lesson, and the union realistic national condition,will instruct and promotes our country now with the future socialeconomy development advancement. Traditional culture; Economicaldevelopment; Historical influence; Practical significance; Profoundenlightenment
the Intangible cultural heritage is generations and the people of all ethnic groups as part of its cultural heritage of traditional culture forms, and traditional culture forms related physical objects and places. Intangible cultural heritage is an important part of traditional culture, is the crystallization of the wisdom of the people of all ethnic groups. Protection of the intangible cultural heritage is spread, carrying forward and handing down our country's long history and bright culture needs. The current intangible cultural heritage protection way traditional single, on intangible cultural heritage protection efforts is insufficient, the intangible cultural heritage protection is introducing high-tech means rich intangible cultural heritage protection means, improve the level of protection of intangible cultural heritage and inheriting the intangible cultural heritage essence request inevitably. In this paper, based on the study of before, in line with the existing high-tech means, for high-tech in the application of intangible cultural heritage were studied, and expounds the traditional television technology, digital multimedia technology, motion capture techniques, the three dimensional animation technology, 3D television technology, ball screen movies, virtual reality technology, modern processing technology and landscape renewable technology in intangible cultural heritage protection application prospect. Combined with practical for high-tech in wuyuan itineraries main non-material cultural heritage HuiJu, exorcism dance, SheYan and 3 carve protection application were discussed. Keywords: high-tech; Intangible cultural heritage; Protection; Application; wuyuan
经济发展和传统文化有什么关系?去学经济学去!
汉语:摘要 非物质文化遗产是各民族人民世代相传并视为其文化遗产组成部分的各种传统文化表现形式,以及与传统文化表现形式相关的实物和场所。非物质文化遗产是传统文化的重要组成部分,是各民族人民智慧的结晶。保护非物质文化遗产是传播、弘扬和传承我国悠久的历史和灿烂文化的需要。目前的非物质文化遗产保护方式传统单一,对非物质文化遗产的保护力度不足,在非物质文化遗产的保护中引入高科技手段是丰富非物质文化遗产保护手段、提高非物质文化遗产保护水平、传承非物质文化遗产精华的必然要求。本文在前有研究的基础上,结合现有高科技手段,对高科技在非物质文化遗产中的应用进行了研究,重点阐述了传统影视技术、数字多媒体技术、动作捕捉技术、三维动画技术、3D影视技术、球幕电影、虚拟现实技术、现代加工技术和景观再生技术在非物质文化遗产保护中的应用前景。并结合婺源实际对高科技在婺源主要非物质文化遗产徽剧、傩舞、歙砚和三雕保护中的应用进行了探讨。关键词:高科技;非物质文化遗产;保护;应用;婺源英文:theIntangible cultural heritage is generations and the people of all ethnic groups as part of its cultural heritage of traditional culture forms, and traditional culture forms related physical objects and places. Intangible cultural heritage is an important part of traditional culture, is the crystallization of the wisdom of the people of all ethnic groups. Protection of the intangible cultural heritage is spread, carrying forward and handing down our country's long history and bright culture needs. The current intangible cultural heritage protection way traditional single, on intangible cultural heritage protection efforts is insufficient, the intangible cultural heritage protection is introducing high-tech means rich intangible cultural heritage protection means, improve the level of protection of intangible cultural heritage and inheriting the intangible cultural heritage essence request this paper, based on the study of before, in line with the existing high-tech means, for high-tech in the application of intangible cultural heritage were studied, and expounds the traditional television technology, digital multimedia technology, motion capture techniques, the three dimensional animation technology, 3D television technology, ball screen movies, virtual reality technology, modern processing technology and landscape renewable technology in intangible cultural heritage protection application prospect. Combined with practical for high-tech in wuyuan itineraries main non-material cultural heritage HuiJu, exorcism dance, SheYan and 3 carve protection application were : high-tech; Intangible cultural heritage; Protection; Application; wuyuan
文化背景中,话语的语用意义被赋予始料未及的意义,涉及交际应酬的词语也都打上了民族文化的烙印.文化背景的差异要求我们在对外交流中充分考虑西方的文化背景,按照西方语言习惯进行表达.翻译,否则便贻笑大方了.外国人见面打招呼无外乎说"吃了吗(Have you had your dinner?)"或"干什么去(Where are you going?或Where have you been?)"之类,英美人对此肯定迷惑不解----以为你要请他(她)用餐或干涉他(她)的行动.相反地,英美人见面打招呼时多讨论天气或直接询问工作,生活进展情况.中国人以卑谦为美德,多用谦称,如,"鄙人","拙作","寒舍","贱内","犬子","薄酒","愚见"等,而英美文化中没有这种厚此薄彼的"自贬"传统.如何在翻译中准确把握蕴含的文化背景,对异族文化中容易引起误解的语言概念进行必要澄清,显得尤为重要.现举数例,逐一解析.1.赠送别人礼物时,说"别嫌弃,一点意思"<翻译>I hope you like it .Please accept it .<解析>赠送礼物是希望别人喜欢并让人接受,中国人的表达过于谦恭,太过于婉转.而美国人倾向于直接表意.翻译时应有所注意.2.受人夸奖时,说"惭愧;不敢当;哪里,哪里;岂敢"<翻译>应体现出以下信息:Thank you for your compliment;I am pleased /glad that you think so;I am very flattered by your praise 等<解析>中国人的谦逊在英美人眼中有是缺乏自信的表现,对于褒奖,英美人则坦率接受,但很礼貌的致谢.翻译时要注意语言习惯和文化差异,不能照直翻译,否则就会出现"where,where(哪里,哪里)"这类中式英语的笑话了.3.去车站,机场去接客人时,说"你一路辛苦了"<翻译>Did you have a good fight /trip/journey?<解析>如果直译为"You musst be tired /exhausted.",客人会对你产生误解,认为你说他体质差,身体虚弱.这种文化概念上的错误应该极力避免.4.送客人时,说"您走好,恕不远送"<翻译>应体现出以下信息:Good bye !Watch your step!<解析>翻译此类中国文化场景中的常用语,要挖掘句子表达的内在意义,不宜直译.5.老师讲完课,学生们说"老师您辛苦了"<翻译>Did you enjoy your class time?<分析>中国文化中,学生如此问候老师会让老师欣慰,认为学生懂事,体贴人.而英美文化中,如此问候却被视为对老师的贬低,对老师能力的否定.翻译时要变化成婉转的方式表达,避开容易引起误会 的地方.6.你向朋友致谢时,朋友说"别见外"<翻译>My pleasure!Don't mention it!Not at all!<解析>别见外,言外之意是说乐于帮助,不值一提的小事,翻译时不要"望词生译".7.接受礼物时,说"让你破费了,不好意思"<翻译>It's so lovely ! Thank you for your present /gift.<分析>英语美人多说"thank you",中国人则多讲"no ,no ",中国人讲求客套寒暄,英美人则多率直有礼貌.翻译时要把握说话者的主旨,根据语言习惯来翻译. 综上可以看出,由于文化背景,语言习惯的不同, 特定环境的中文表达在翻译成英文的时候与中国人传统的思维方式有所不同。我们要在交流与学习中培养英美人的思维方式,竭力避免中式英语,在跨文化交际中做出贡献。
去中国知网看看人家的硕士论文怎么写的 你就有方向了
英语论文中文化和翻译一般 每个都是自己单独的题目,我可以给你推荐两个:针对每个方向
传播学视角下电影《冰雪奇缘》字幕翻译研究
归化与异化视角下的电影字幕翻译——《贫民窟的百万富翁》为例
功能对等的视角下《红高粱家族》中方言的英译研究
从翻译美学的角度研究奢侈品广告汉译
TED演讲字幕翻译中的遣词用字分析--以文化类主题为例
翻译伦理视角下政府工作报告的英译
文化方向,个人感觉文化不好写。。。仅是个人感觉
浅析不同文化背景下中美高等教育体制差异
从清明节和万圣节的对比看中西方人的性格差异
中美家庭教育的差异--以《士兵突击》和《阿甘正传》为例
墓志铭中的中美价值观差异——以中美作家墓志铭为例
英语写作网
一、翻译类毕业论文选题 1.Study on Translation of Trade Marks and Culture 商标翻译与文化研究2.The Social and Cultural Factors in Translation Practice 影响翻译实践的社会和文化因素3.On the Translation of English Idioms 论英语习语的翻译4.Study on Features and Translation of English Idioms 英语习语翻译特点研究5.The Comparison and Translation of Chinese and English Idioms 中英习语翻译与比较6.Study on Loyalty in English-Chinese Translation 中英互译的忠实性研究7.Cultural Equivalence in Translation 翻译中的文化对等性研究8.Literature Translation and the Important of it文学翻译与重要性研究9.On the Du Fu’s Poems Translation论杜甫的诗词翻译10.The Analysis of Techniques for Learning a Foreign Language Through Translation 通过翻译学习外语的技巧分析11.中英颜色词的文化差异及翻译Cultural Differences and Translation in Chinese and English Color words翻译中不可译性的文化阐释12.An Cultural Perspective on Untranslatability 中英动物文化内涵的不同及翻译13.Cultural Connotation and Translation in Chinese and English Animals浅论翻译中的译者主体性发挥的度14.On Degree of Translator's Subjectivity in Translation修辞策略在广告英语中的效用探究15.A Probe of the Effect of Rhetorical Devices in English Advertisement16.Error Analysis of the English Translation of the Information about Scenic Spots in Wuhan武汉旅游景点资料的英译错误分析17.Semantic--Transliteration-the Most Favorable Method for Translating Foreign Words into Chinese音意兼译—外来词中译之首选方法18.A Tentative Study on the Cohesion and Coherence in Sun Zhili’s Chinese Translation of Pride and Prejudice浅论《傲慢与偏见》孙致礼中译本的衔接与连贯19.Chinese Translation of Attributive Clauses in English for Science and Technology科技英语中定语从句的汉译20.Film Titles and Their Translation——A cross-cultural perspective从跨文化角度分析电影片名及其翻译21.Translating Expressions on Public Signs from Chinese into English汉语公示语英译22.论文化差异与翻译Cultural differences and translation 23.商标名的翻译原则与品牌文化The Translation Principle of Brand Names and Brand Culture24.英文电影片名的翻译策略与翻译方法研究 On Translation of English Film Names25.意美、音美、形美--英文商标的汉译Beauty in Sense, Sound and Form--On Translation of English Trademarks into Chinese26.中文商标英译探On the Translation of Trademarks from Chinese into English二、文化类毕业论文选题27.国际商务谈判中的双赢语用策略The Win-Win Pragmatic Strategies in International Business Negotiation 28.Grice 的合作原则在国际商务谈判中的应用The Application of Grice’s Cooperation Principle in International Business Negotiation 29.中西文化面子观差异对比分析An Analysis on Differences between Chinese and Western Ideas on Face30.中西文化中女性角色意识差异及其对职业发展影响Differences between Chinese and Western Role Awareness of Women and the Effects on Their Career Development 31.英语学习中文化障碍Cultural Obstacles in English Learning32.从中西委婉语的对比透视中西文化差异Understand Chinese and English Cultural Differences through the Comparison between Chinese and western Euphenism33.中英禁忌语比较A Comparison between Chinese and English taboos34.从隐私权看中西文化差异A Comparison between Chinese and Western Cultural Differences from the Aspect of Privacy right 35.中西社会习俗比较A Comparison Between Chinese and Western Social Conventions36.言语行为理论及其应用Speech Act and its Application37.湖北经济学院英语自主学习现状调查A Survey on the Students’ English Autonomous Learning in Hubei University of Economics 38.湖北经济学院双语课程学习现状调查A Survey on Bilingual Courses’ Learning in Hubei University of Economics39.1The Cultural Connotation of English Etymology and the Teaching of English Vocabulary英语词源的文化内涵与词汇教学 40.English idioms—A Mirror Reflecting British Culture英语习语与英国文化反映41.On Values of Chinese from Perspective of Lexicon从词汇角度读中国人的价值观42.On Cultural Differences of Body Language between English and Chinese论中英体态语文化差异43.The Analysis on the Differences of Interpersonal Relationship between Eastern and Western People东西方人际关系要素差异探析44.Approach to Cultural Differences in . Business Negotiation and its Impacts中美商务谈判中的文化差异及其影响探析45.Asymmetrical Features of Politeness Principle in Cross-cultural Communication跨文化交际中的礼貌原则的非对称性研究46.English and Chinese Euphemisms: A Comparison between Their Cultural Implications从英汉委婉语对比中透析中西文化差异47.On the Cultural Differences of the Etiquette Norms in Chinese and English Nonverbal Communication 中英非语言交际礼俗规范的文化差异研究48.A Comparative Study on the Different Cultural Connotations of Basic Chinese and English Color Words英汉基本颜色词文化内涵对比研究49.Characteristic and Cultural Differences of the English and Chinese Idioms 中英文习语的特点以及文化差异50.Chinese and Western Culture Values in Advertising Language从广告语中看中西方文化观51.The Differences of Family Values between China and American中国和美国家庭观差异52.The Comparison of Chinese and Western Interpersonal Relationships中西人际关系比较53.Cultural Difference Between Chinese and English on Politeness从中英文礼貌用语中看文化差异54.谈跨文化交际中的“面子”观 On Face Perception in Cross-cultural Communication55.委婉语在跨文化交际中的应用 The Application of Euphemism in Cross-cultural Communication56.从英汉习语看东西方文化异同 Differences and Similarities between Eastern and Western Cultures in Chinese and English Idioms57.中英文化中的礼貌对比研究A Contrastive Study of Politeness in English and Chinese Cultures58.解析文化差异引起的语用失误The Study of Pragmatic Failure: From the Perspective of Cultural Differences59.从文化角度论英汉语中的性别歧视On the Sexism in Chinese and English from the Cultural Perspective60.中美商务谈判中的文化因素探析Approach to Cultural Factors for the Sino-American Business Negotiation61.英汉道歉语的对比研究A contrastive study of apologies in English and Chinese62.跨文化交际中颜色词的运用Application of colors in intercultural communication63.英汉寒暄语的差异研究Some difference of small talks between Chinese and English64.不同交际风格中恭维语及其回应的研究Compliment and its response with different communication styles65.英汉动物词汇文化内涵意义对比研究The cultural connotations of animals in Chinese and English66.英语委婉语的功能与效果研究On functions and effects of euphemism in English67.中外幽默的跨文化对比A intercultural comparison between Chinese and foreign humor68.英语副语言交际研究A survey on communication of paralanguage三、语言类毕业论文选题69.语篇分析中的语境功能研究The function of context in discourse analysis70.语篇分析在英语阅读教学中的运用研究Discourse analysis in the application of teaching English reading 71.英语广告语言特点分析An analysis on the feature of English advertisement72.非语言交际与身势语研究Nov-verbal communication and gesture language73.英语委婉语研究About English euphemism
题目是论文内容的高度概括,它对读者具有影响力,可使读者首先明确论文研究的主题。下面我给大家带来翻译方向论文题目选题参考2022,希望能帮助到大家!
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翻译硕士论文题目选题参考
1、《中国古代 足球 》古汉语专名与古诗词的英译处理
2、英文合同汉译中规范性的实现策略
3、以目 标语 读者为导向的 广告 翻译策略研究
4、盐城旅游文本中特色词汇的翻译问题
5、从接受美学视角探究文学作品中模糊语言翻译
6、法律文献中专业术语英译的探讨
7、扬州旅游文本里 文化 因素的翻译
8、网络辅助下英语缩略语的翻译策略研究
9、有道词典在翻译中的应用
10、 英语 散文 120篇汉译项目 报告
11、徐州景点 导游词 翻译中文化负载词的处理
12、徐州特产食品 说明书 汉英翻译研究
13、从文本功能的角度探究报刊时政新闻的汉译
14、英语长句的英译汉翻译策略实证研究---以<基于语料库的英语教学>为例
15、《物华名胜》中复合式翻译 方法 的运用
16、《苏斯 儿童 绘本汉译过程中儿童语言的处理》
17、目的论指导下企业介绍的英译研究
18、新闻发布会口译项目报告
19、目的论视角下看中国高校宣传片的字幕翻译策略
20、《杨澜访谈录》同声传译项目报告
21、VOA经济报道口译过程中顺句驱动法运用的实践报告
22、预测在英语 财经 新闻口译活动中运用的实践报告
23、中国饮食文化词的口译技巧—《舌尖上的中国》口译实践报告
24、影响英汉交替传译中笔记有效信息筛选障碍的项目报告——以VOA时事新闻口译实践为例
25、视译停顿形成因素及解决方法报告
26、外事口译中译者主体性的把握
27、学生译员汉英交传训练中停顿现象研究
28、商务合同英汉互译技巧
29、英文品牌汉译
30、知识对于翻译的重要性
31、中英文化差异及其对英汉互译的消极影响
32、英语广告中修辞手法的应用及其翻译
33、<<红楼梦>>金陵判词两种译文的比较及评析
34、从红楼梦诗词翻译看翻译中的文化补偿
35、关于李后主“虞美人”的3种英译本的鉴赏
36、跨文化交际与商标翻译
37、中式菜肴的命名与翻译
38、浅谈英语电影片名的翻译
39、英文电影片名的翻译策略
40、英文化妆品广告之美学翻译
41、数字在中西文化中的内涵差异及数字习语翻译初探
42、浅析原语文本在目标语文本中文体的适应性
43、英语习用语翻译中的等效性研究
44、论语境在英汉翻译中的作用
45、浅析英语动画片翻译的基本原则
46、中英服饰广告的翻译
47、论英汉翻译中语篇连贯的重要性
48、论译者的风格与译风
49、经济英语中的隐喻及其翻译
50、从翻译的美学角度浅析旅游资料的中英译
51、翻译中的文化因素
52、影视字幕翻译的原则
53、影响长句翻译的因素
54、例析英译汉中形象语言的处理
英语专业 毕业 论文翻译方向题目
1、 图里规范理论视角下的《四洲志》翻译研究
2、 翻译伦理视域下杨曙辉和杨韵琴《喻世明言》英译本研究
3、 《围城》英译研究
4、 余华小说《兄弟》中的文化专有词英译研究
5、 汉语形容词重叠式及其基式英译对比研究
6、 英汉交流虚构运动事件中路径和方式表征的对比研究
7、 汉语情态动词“能”字结构的翻译
8、 英汉运动事件表征方式对比研究
9、 顺应论视角下视觉动词的汉英互译研究
10、 语用顺应论视阈下汉语听觉动词的英译研究
11、 基于交往能力理论的翻译主体间性实证研究
12、 目的论视角下的电气英语翻译
13、 从符号视角看翻译中视觉非语言符号的信息处理
14、 功能对等理论视角下政府公文英译策略研究
15、 女性主义视角下影视字幕翻译策略研究
16、 操纵论视角下政治文本的汉英翻译研究
17、 从功能对等原则看中国上古神话中神话意象的翻译
18、 从德国功能派翻译理论视角分析领导人演讲口译
19、 文化翻译理论指导下《黄帝内经》英译策略研究
20、 四字格中医术语动词的英译对比研究
21、 《红楼梦》服饰文化翻译研究探析
22、 英文传记汉译实践报告
23、 生态翻译视角下:《尘埃落定》英译本的研究
24、 奈达的功能对等理论在Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secrets两个译本中的体现
25、 描写性翻译理论框架下《西敏寺》译文的风格分析
26、 目的论视角下张爱玲《金锁记》自译本的比较研究
27、 从功能理论视角看戴译本《边城》中文化负载词的翻译策略与方法
28、 英译诗歌韵律的定量对比分析
29、 功能对等理论视角下鲁迅小说《药》《孔乙己》《风波》两个英译本的对比研究
30、 奈达功能对等视角下对《瓦尔登湖》两个中译本的对比研究
31、 语义翻译/交际翻译视角下文化特色语的翻译
32、 从关联理论看《了不起的盖茨比》的两个汉译本
33、 目的论视角下的《三体》英译研究
34、 性别与翻译:从女性主义翻译观对比分析《飘》的两译本
35、 目的论指导下的《舌尖上的中国》菜名英译策略
36、 功能对等理论视角下的美国情景喜剧字幕翻译
37、 功能对等理论视阈下的商标翻译研究
翻译理论与实践论文题目
1、德国功能翻译理论的宏观性及其对教学的启示
2、翻译美学的文化考量
3、解构视角下翻译中的二元对立分析
4、传教士翻译与晚清文化社会现代性
5、跨文化传播视域下的翻译功能研究
6、英语专业本科翻译教学主体交往体系建构研究
7、许渊冲唐诗英译研究
8、论英汉翻译写作学的建构
9、 文章 学视野下的林译研究
10、口译研究的生态学途径
11、郭建中翻译思想与实践研究
12、跨文化语用学视角下的外宣翻译策略研究
13、文学文本中的视觉翻译
14、外宣翻译研究体系建构探索
15、异化翻译思想探究
16、翻译的修辞学研究
17、新月派文学观念研究
18、文章学视野下的林纾翻译研究
19、翻译批评原则的诠释学研究
20、蒯因的翻译不确定性及其对英汉互译的启示
21、近代中国 留学 生 教育 翻泽研究(1895~1937)
22、叙事学视域下的外宣翻译研究
23、修辞劝说视角下的外宣翻译研究
24、中国传统翻译理论观照下的林少华文学翻译研究
25、易学“象”视角下的译学研究
26、对比语言学元语言系统的演变研究
27、俄语本科翻译教材研究
28、情境翻译与翻译情境
29、西班牙语委婉语的多元翻译
30、从《哥儿》林译本的 句子 结构调整看奈达功能对等翻译理论
31、功能对等理论与信达雅翻译论的比较研究
32、《翻译理论与实践》(第二章)翻译报告
33、从中国文化语境视角出发解读西方女性主义翻译
34、证券翻译理论与实践
35、叶维廉汉诗英译研究
翻译方向论文题目选题参考相关文章:
★ 翻译方向论文题目选题参考
★ 英汉翻译论文选题题目参考
★ 2021英语专业论文选题与题目参考
★ 翻译英语专业毕业论文选题
★ 英语专业毕业论文选题文化
★ 英语专业文化类方面毕业论文题目选题
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★ 英语专业论文开题报告范文精选5篇
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额 建议多查些资料吧图书馆的资源不要浪费了
翻译是高校作为培养大学生英语综合能力的一个重要组成部分。下面是我为大家整理的英语翻译方向论文,供大家参考。
英语翻译方向论文 范文 一:高职 商务英语 翻译课程改革分析
[摘要]本文结合我院的实际情况,以就业为导向,从课程定位、教材改革和教学模式等方面着手,探索高职《商务英语翻译》课程的改革方向,以期优化该课程教学设计,有效提高教学质量,为学生的就业岗位需求服务。
[关键词]高职;商务英语翻译;课程改革
1引言
根据《高等职业学校专业教学标准(试行)》,《商务英语翻译》课程是“高等职业学校商务英语专业学生的职业技能课”,在整个专业课程设置框架及人才培养体系中的地位不可忽视。然而,目前该课程普遍存在“课程设置和教学内容本科化、缺乏职业针对性、师资学科型”的问题。(江晗,2010)针对这些问题,本文结合东莞职业技术学院(下称“我院”)的实际情况,就课程定位、教材改革和教学模式等方面进行初步探讨,提出高职《商务英语翻译》课程的改革方向。
2课程定位
高职英语专业翻译课容易走入定位不清的误区。有的学者提出“现有高职、高专已经成立的翻译系或翻译方向最好主要以证书培训为主要目标”(穆雷,2008);有的院校干脆将课程目标单纯定位为通过全国商务英语翻译考试、获取证书。但是,通过走访我院用人企业得知,外语等级证书和翻译证书都不是企业所看重的指标或用人条件,真正的实践应用能力和职业素养才为用人单位所器重。因此,不适合将考取翻译证书作为该课程的定位和目标,但可作为辅助手段,提高学生的学习兴趣和动力。笔者认为,高职《商务英语翻译》课程的定位,取决于学生自身的能力水平及 毕业 后的就业岗位所需。一方面,高职学生的外语水平基础较差,特别是双语转换能力较弱,即使经过一学期或一学年的翻译课程学习,也难以胜任高端的会议交替传译,更不用说同声传译,只适合进行初级的口、笔译工作;另一方面,就我院以往毕业生的就业情况来看,没有专门从事翻译行业的专职译员,所以不能照搬培养专职译员的外语专业本科或研究生人才培养模式来对高职学生进行教学,而应该按实际情况来做出切实的课程定位,以指导该课程的开展,培养毕业生工作所需的相应翻译能力。通过对我院应用外语系2015届毕业生就业统计及个别访谈得知,我系毕业生就业单位主要是小微涉外跨境企业,而这些企业基本上没有设置专职翻译岗位。毕业生从事的岗位群主要集中在外贸业务员、外贸跟单员、跨境电商岗位操作员、跨境电商岗位推广及运营专员,从事销售、采购、跟单、商务策划、接待、客服等工作,他们在工作中的翻译活动主要包括涉外商务谈判、商务营销、接待应酬、国际会展、公司及产品介绍、日常文书和邮件处理等。这些工作任务的性质,突出了高职翻译的交际功能,决定了高职学生需要的翻译是一种初级实用型商务翻译;毕业生身兼数职,既要做好本职工作又要在涉外场合兼顾翻译的角色,也决定了高职商务英语专业所培养的学生是“复合型译员”。(姚嘉五,2012)根据这两点,我院高职商务英语专业的翻译课程应定位为中英双向初级商务文本笔译和一般商务情景的涉外陪同口译,课程培养目标是能胜任小微涉外企业与翻译有关工作的复合型人才。
3教材改革
高校的传统翻译教材编排,一般沿用两条主线,一为“专题型”,关注的重点是不同专题的内容及表达;二为“技能型”,关注的重点是技巧训练。“专题型”教材包含的某些专题,如政治外交演讲、政府会议、时事、科技、体育方面的材料,或难度偏高或与高职毕业生的实际就业岗位关联较小,不适合用于高职的翻译教学;“技能型”教材对学生的技能训练要求过高,往往超出他们的能力范围,容易让学生产生挫败感和畏难情绪。以上两种教材,都不太符合高职 教育 “实用为主,够用为度”的原则。回顾笔者所使用过的翻译教材,存在纰漏、拼写或语法错误等,部分内容要么过于陈旧,要么缺乏与区域经济相符合的素材,而且缺少音频或视频,也没有配套的教师用书,口译对话练习并不是英汉穿插而是全英或全中文,并不适合用来做翻译练习。基于以上现状,教材改革势在必行。首先,在难度上,要贴近高职学生的能力水平,“重信息传递、淡化翻译技巧”(曾昭涛,2009)。传统的翻译教材对翻译史、翻译理论和技巧有较为详尽的阐述,但这往往对注重实用和实践操作的高职生缺乏吸引力,因此应该淡化,转而关注高职翻译的核心交际功能,即“信息传递”,不苛求翻译技巧的处理。其次,在内容上,应该对接 职场 ,摒弃政府 报告 、外交辞令、大型会议翻译的题材,选取与学生就业岗位需要相吻合的口、笔译素材,体现当地区域经济特点,融入当地特色行业元素。以东莞为例,作为广东三大展览基地之一,该城市每年举办各种展会30多个,因此将会展口译纳入高职翻译教材很有必要。东莞还有明显的特色经济,已形成电子信息、电气机械、纺织服装、家具、玩具、造纸及纸制品、食品饮料、化工等八大支柱产业,所以翻译内容也要考虑选取与这些行业相关的文本,以体现翻译教材的行业性。再次,在章节编排上,不宜把主题安排得过于广泛,应遵循典型翻译工作任务流程,把翻译课程项目化、模块化,这样既符合高职“工学结合”的教育内涵,又体现高职教材的特色。教材改革的重担落在高职院校一线任课教师身上,教师可以在原教材的基础上,有所取舍,再扩展补充与区域经济、特色行业相关的内容,也可重新编写出符合学生学情又满足就业需求的教材。教材的改革需要教师积极到企业单位进行调研和实践,了解实际翻译情境需要,收集具体岗位工作可能接触到的语言素材,编写真正实用的课本,更好地服务于教学。
4教学模式改革
由于高职翻译课的老师多为科班出身,上课容易落入本科翻译教学的俗套,即采取老师讲授、学生练习、老师点评的方式,课程模式比较僵化,学生没有真正参与到知识构建中来,同时脱离了真实的商务翻译情景,学生学习兴趣低,容易产生倦怠情绪,自然难以取得理想的教学效果。根据高职学生的学情和人才培养目标,商务翻译课程应以典型翻译工作流程来设计教学环节,真正将职业能力的培养和岗位需求结合起来。例如,以会展陪同翻译这一模块为例,可安排以下仿真商务活动流程:国际名家具(东莞)展览会与外宾初次接触——参观家具厂、了解产品——商务合作洽谈——合同签订——庆功宴会——机场送行。实践教学中可穿插项目化教学法、模拟情景教学、角色扮演和合作学习法等,各种 方法 各有侧重、相互渗透、灵活多变,从“以教师为中心”转为“以学生为中心”,从注重“理论教学”转为“实践教学”,从“被动学习”转为“主动学习”,真正凸显高职教育特色。此外,还应加强语音室和口译实训室的建设,设立校企合作实训基地,做到教学、实践、服务一体化,为学生提供真实的职业氛围,让翻译教学更贴近实际、贴近市场、贴近岗位。
5结语
社会和市场对翻译人才的需要是多层次、多元化的,既需要能担当国际会议的同声传译,更需要能胜任企业基层工作、懂商务又懂英语翻译的人才。高职英语专业的商务翻译课应该走出自己的特点,积极探索具有高职特色的翻译教学改革,采用切实的定位、合适的教材和有效的 教学方法 ,才能优化翻译教学,培养出优秀的高职高专实用性、复合型翻译人才,服务于社会各行各业。
参考文献
[1]江晗.高职翻译课程设置与教学内容改革研究[J].顺德职业技术学院学报,2010(4):53.
[2]教育部职业教育与成人教育司.高等职业学校专业教学标准(试行)[M].北京:中央广播电视大学出版社,2012:123.
[3]穆雷.建设完整的翻译教学体系[J].中国翻译,2008(1):43.
[4]姚嘉五.工具-公文-公式:高职应用翻译专业的定位[J].中国科技翻译,2012(3):55.
[5]曾昭涛.论高职应用翻译理论[J].上海翻译,2009(1):50.
英语翻译方向论文范文二:高校英语翻译中西方 文化 论文
一、中西方文化在英语翻译方面的差异性
宗教文化也是众多文化中的一种表现形式,其也会因信仰的不同而产生一定的差异。中国的宗教门派众多,但是主要的可以分为道家、佛家和儒家这三个主要的流派。不同的教派具有不同的教义,如中国道家主张人和神仙是可以相互转化的;佛教则主张佛祖则是至高无上的神,其法力无边,这也可以从我国古代语言中明显看出。汉语中有“天命不可违”、“借花献佛”和“不看僧面看佛面”等的语言表达。而西方则主要以__为主,他们只承认上帝是万事万物的主宰,其无所不能,这在西方语言中也可以明显的看出来。如“Manproposes,Goddisposes”(谋事在人,成事在天)、“GodiswhereHewas”(上帝无所不在)和“Heavenisaboveall”(上帝高于一切)等。因此,为了达到翻译忠实原意的目的,我们必须要充分了解中西宗教文化的差异性。
二、提高高校英语翻译质量的策略
(一)导入异国文化
中西翻译的差异性。因此,为了提高学生对于英语翻译的认识度和理解度,教师需要在英语翻译教学的过程中为学生们导入到量的异国文化。通过将英语翻译与文化学习二者进行有机地结合来提高学生们英语翻译的水平。但是特别需要注意一点就是,教师在导入异国文化的过程中要始终本着由易到难、由浅入深的原则。此外,教师除了要为学生们普及一些西方文化知识外,还需要为学生们普及一些西方文化习俗的来源。例如,英语中有“raincatsanddogs”的习语,这句话用汉语可以表述为“倾盆大雨”,但是如果按照直白的翻译就会理解为“下猫跟狗”,这样就明显偏离了翻译的本意。这句习语主要来源于北欧的神话 传说 ,传说猫跟狗对于风和雨等天气具有很强的预测能力。又如“asstrongasahorse”(壮如牛),但是如果单纯的按照意思来理解则成了“壮如马”了等。如果学生对于这个文化背景不了解,则会出现上述可笑的误译现象。
(二)介绍英汉语言结构上的差异性
英语结构区别于汉语结构,其重视主题句和主体结构的构成以及 句子 结构连接过渡词的作用,并且侧重用介词和连词来表示句子和词组之间的逻辑关系,这种现象在汉语中则很少用或几乎不用。另外,英语表述中特别忌讳重复,如果出现重复的问题,通常用省略、替换或代词的形式来加以表示,但是我们汉语中常用重复来表示强调。
(三)讲解一些常用的翻译技巧
在学生掌握了上述英语翻译的基本知识之后,教师需要为学生讲解一些常用的翻译技巧,从而让学生们学会如何通过删减或增加词语来使语句变得更加通顺。常用的翻译技巧主要包括词类转换、增删词语以及拆分语句等手段。首先,词类转换作为一种有效的翻译手段,其主要是将那些由动词转化来的名词或具有动作意义类型的名词后接of的形式按照汉语中动宾 短语 来进行翻译即可。其次,英语和汉语之间的结构表述有所不同,只有通过增加或删减词汇才能够使意思更加忠实原文的含义。总之,中西文化差异性对于英语翻译具有重要的影响。为了提高学生英语翻译能力,教师必须要在教学实践中让学生充分地了解西方的文化传统,从而使学生做到“知己知彼”,然后并要在基础上教授给学生英语翻译的一些技巧,从而达到提高高校翻译教学质量的目的。
英语翻译方向论文相关 文章 :
1. 外语翻译论文
2. 毕业论文用英语怎么说
3. 关于学术论文中文摘要英语翻译的思考论文
4. 英语论文
5. 文化对影片翻译的影响--外语翻译论文
6. 科技英语的语言特点及文体翻译
多家比较价格和服务涵盖项目,然后根据自己的实际需求,选择一家最适合自己的服务,这才是明智之举。找北京译顶科技,性价比高,我就是在那边做的。你可以统一去知道了解下
外文翻译要求:(1)选定外文文献后先给指导老师看,得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。(2)选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章,可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。(3)外文翻译字数要求3000字以上,从外文文章起始处开始翻译,不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译,翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。
CS方向sci三区的一个小刊,之前也是major revision,大四毕业了才中了。。所以在我心目中MV几乎约等于AC,虽然这辈子只投过一篇文章。北京译顶科技做的不错,可以联系他们一下 统一查下。
本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式
论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章,简称之为论文。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段,又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。它包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等。以下是我精心整理的本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式,欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助。
本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式
一、要求
1、与毕业论文分开单独成文。
2、两篇文献。
二、基本格式
1、文献应以英、美等国家公开发表的文献为主(Journals from English speaking countries)。
2、毕业论文翻译是相对独立的,其中应该包括题目、作者(可以不翻译)、译文的出处(杂志的名称)(5号宋体、写在文稿左上角)、关键词、摘要、前言、正文、总结等几个部分。
3、文献翻译的字体、字号、序号等应与毕业论文格式要求完全一致。
4、文中所有的图表、致谢及参考文献均可以略去,但在文献翻译的末页标注:图表、致谢及参考文献已略去(见原文)(空一行,字体同正文)。
5、原文中出现的'专用名词及人名、地名、参考文献可不翻译,并同原文一样在正文中标明出处。
三、毕业论文设计外文翻译的内容要求
外文翻译内容必须与所选课题相关,外文原文不少于6000个印刷符号。译文末尾要用外文注明外文原文出处。
外文翻译要求:
1、外文资料与毕业设计(论文)选题密切相关,译文准确、质量好。
2、阅读2篇幅以上(10000字符左右)的外文资料,完成2篇不同文章的共2000汉字以上的英译汉翻译
3、外文资料可以由指导教师提供,外文资料原则上应是外国作者。严禁采用专业外语教材文章。
4、排序:“一篇中文译文、一篇外文原文、一篇中文译文、一篇外文原文”。插图内文字及图名也译成中文。
5、标题与译文格式(字体、字号、行距、页边距等)与论文格式要求相同。
下页附:外文翻译与原文参考格式
英文翻译 (黑体、四号、顶格)
外文原文出处:(译文前列出外文原文出处、作者、国籍,译文后附上外文原文)
Electronic brakeforce distribution or EBD or EBFD is an automobile brake technology that automatically varies the amount of force applied to each of a vehicle's brakes, based on road conditions, speed, loading, etc. Always coupled with anti-lock braking systems, EBD can apply more or less braking pressure to each wheel in order to maximize stopping power whilst maintaining vehicular control.[1][2] Typically, the front end carries the most weight and EBD distributes less braking pressure to the rear brakes so the rear brakes do not lock up and cause a skid.[3]How ABS worksUnder heavy braking, vehicle wheels may lock-up. The anti-lock braking system (ABS) monitors wheel speeds and releases pressure on individual wheel brake lines, rapidly pulsing individual brakes to prevent lock-up. During heavy braking, preventing wheel lock-up helps the driver maintain steering control. Modern ABS has four individual brake lines for each wheel, enabling different braking pressure on different road surfaces. For example, less braking pressure is needed to lock a wheel on ice than a wheel which on bare asphalt. If the left wheels are on asphalt and the right wheels are on ice, during an emergency stop, ABS detects the right wheels about to lock and reduces braking force on the right wheels, helping to avoid lock-up and loss of vehicle EBD worksAs per SAE technical paper #920646 - Buschmann et al. "The job of the EBD as a subsystem of the ABS system is to control the effective adhesion utilization by the rear wheels. The pressure of the rear wheels is approximated to the ideal brake force distribution in a partial braking operation. To do so, the conventional brake design is modified in the direction of rear axle overbraking, and the components of the ABS are used. EBD reduces the strain on the hydraulic brake force proportioning valve in the vehicle. EBD optimizes the brake design with regard to: adhesion utilization; driving stability; wear; temperature stress; and pedal force."EBD may work in conjunction with ABS and Electronic Stability Control ("ESC") to minimize yaw accelerations during turns. ESC compares steering wheel angle to vehicle turning rate using a yaw rate sensor. "Yaw" is the vehicle's rotation around its vertical center of gravity (turning left or right). If the yaw sensor detects more/less yaw than the steering wheel angle should create, the car is understeering or oversteering and ESC activates one of the front or rear brakes to rotate the car back into its intended course. For example, if a car is making a left turn and begins to understeer (the car plows forward to the outside of the turn) ESC activates the left rear brake, which will help turn the car left. The sensors are so sensitive, and the actuation is so quick that the system may correct direction before the driver reacts. ABS helps prevent wheel lock-up and EBD helps apply appropriate brake force to make ESC work effectively.
Car partsEngine The engine is a power plant, which provides power to drive the automobile. In most automobile engines,the explosive power of the mixture of air and gasoline drives the pistons.The pistons turn a crankshaft to which they are attached The rotating force of the crankshaft makes the automobile’s wheels turn.Some automobiles are powered by another kind of engine,known as the rotary valve,rotating combustion engine or Wankel engine The rotary valve engine also draws in a mixture of air and fuel, which is then compressed and burnt.A motor revolving in an elliptical chamber is connected to a shaft,Which finally drives the rear wheels.In most automobiles.the engine is mounted at the front end of the car,with the clutch and gearbox immediately behind it;the engine, clutch and gearbox are assembled into a single unit A number of systems are necessary to make an engine work . A lubrication system is neededto reduce friction and prevent engine wear. A cooling system is required to keep the engine’s temperature within safe limits .The engine must be provided with the correct amount of air and fuel by a fuel system. The mixture of air and fuel must be ignited inside the cylinder at just the right time by an ignition system.Finally, an electrical system is required to operate the cranking motor that starts the engine and to provide electrical energy to power engine accessoriesLubrication System An engine has many moving parts which eventually develop wear,as they move against each other.The engine circulates oil between these moving parts to prevent the metal-to-metal contact that results in wear. Parts that are oiled can move more easily with less friction and hence power loss due to friction is minimized.The secondary function of lubricant is to act as a coolant and also as a sealing medium to prevent leakages.Finally,a film of lubricant on the cylinder walls helps the tings in sealing and thus improves the engine’s compressions.Cooling System Due to the combustion of fuel with air inside the cylinder,the temperature of the engine parts increases.This increase of temperature directly affects the engine performance and the life of the engine parts.The cooling system keeps the engine operating at the efficient temperature.Whatever the driving conditions, the system is designed to prevent both overheating and overcooling.Fuel System The main function of the fuel supply system is to provide fuel to the carburetor or injection system at a rate and pressure sufficient to meet engine demands under all conditions of load,speed and gradients encountered by the vehicle.The fuel system must also have enough reserve fuel for several miles of vehicle operation.Ignition System The purpose of the ignition system is to provide assistance for the combustion of fuel either by a high voltage spark or self-ignition in each of the engine’s cylinder at the right time so that the air-fuel mixture can burn completely. The fuel supplied to the combustion chamber must be ignited to deliver power.In a spark—ignition engine an electric spark is used for this purpose.The compression—ignition engine does not require a separate ignition system because the ignition is affected by compression of the mixture to a high pressure. Electrical System The engine’s electrical system provides energy to operate a starting motor and to power all the accessories.The main components of the electrical system are a battery,an alternator, a starting motor, ignition coil and heater.Frame The frame provides a foundation for the engine and the body of the vehicle . The flame is constructed from square or box-shaped steel members strong enough to support the weight of the body and other components. The automobile frame is usually made up of a number of members welded or riveted together to give the final shape.The engine is mounted on the frame with rubber pads which absorb vibrations and also provide damping of these vibrations.Absorption and damping of vibrations protects passengers from discomfort caused by shocks. The frame is supported on wheel axles by means of springs.This whole assembly is calledthe chassis. Suspension System The function of the suspension system is to absorb vibrations due to the up and down motion of wheels.caused by the irregularities in the road surface . The springs, connecting linkages.and shock absorber comprise the suspension system of a vehicle.The suspension system is of two types: (1)Rigid system(2)Independent systemIn the rigid system, the road springs are attached to a rigid beam axle. It is mostly used in the front axle of commercial vehicles and in the car axle of all types of independent system does not have a rigid axle. Each wheel is free to move vertically without any reaction on its mating wheel. The independent system is mostly used in small cars Power TrainThe power train carries the power that the engine produces to the car wheels. It consists of the clutch (on cars with a manual transmission), transmission (a system of gears that increases the turning effort of the engine to move the automobile ),drive shaft, differential and rear clutch is required with the manual transmission system to temporarily disconnect the engine from wheels. Such disengagement of the power train from the engine is essential while changing the gear ratio or while stopping the main function of the transmission is to provide the necessary variation to the torque applied by the engine to the wheels. This is achieved by changing the gearing ratio between the engine output shaft and the drive ShaftThe drive shaft or propeller connects the gearbox and the differential unit. The drive shaft has universal joints at its ends.DifferentialThe function of the differential is to split the power received from the propeller shaft to the rear axle shaft. It allows the rear wheels to be driven at different speeds when the vehicle takes a bend or falls into a ditch. AxlesAxles are the shafts on which road wheels are mounted. The road wheels are provided with the required drive through these axles.WheelThe automobile wheels take the load of the vehicle and also produce tractive force to move the vehicle. The wheels are also used for retardation and for stopping the SystemThe steering system is used for changing the direction of the vehicle .The major requirements in any steering mechanism are that it should be precise and easy to handle, and that the front wheels should have a tendency to return to the straight-ahead position after a turn. A gear mechanism, which is known as steering gear, is used in this system to increase the steering effort provided by the driver. This system makes the vehicle steering very easy as the driver does not have to put in much effort.Vehicle steering is not only required on a curved road but also while maneuvering on the busy traffic roads.The steering system allows the vehicle to be guided i.e.to be turned left or right. Braking SystemBrakes are required for slowing down or stopping a moving vehicle.The braking system may be operated mechanically or hydraulically. 95 percent of the braking systems in use today are of the hydraulic brake consist of two members.one rotating and the other stationary.There are various means by which the two member call be brought in contact,thus reducing the speed of the major components of the braking system are:brake pedal, master cylinder, wheel Cylinder, brake pipe,brake shoes.brake packing plant and linkages.As the load on the vehicle and the vehicle speed has increased according to recent trends.in modem days, the importance of the braking system has also increased and power brakes are now being preferred.Power brakes utilize vacuum and air pressure to provide most of the brake————applying effort.汽车部件发动机发动机是一种动力机械设备.它为汽车提供动力。在大部分汽车发动机中.空气和汽油的混合气体产生的爆炸性能量驱动活动活塞运动。活塞使它们所连接的曲轴转动。曲轴的转动力量使汽车的车轮转动。一些汽车是由另外一种发动机提供动力的,这种发动机被认为是旋转气门、旋转燃烧或汪克尔发动机。转子发动机也是吸入空气和燃料的混合气,混合气被压缩和燃烧•在一个椭圆形的室内旋转的发动机连接着一个轴,这个轴将最终驱动后面的车轮。大部分汽车中,发动机是架在汽车的前面末端的,离台器和变速箱在它后面,发动帆、离台器和变速箱被装配成一个整体。发动机工作时有很多系统都是必要的。润滑系统可以减少摩擦并减轻发动机磨损。冷却系统被用来保持发动机的温度在安全范围内。发动机必须有燃油系统保证适当数量的空气和燃料供给。空气和燃油混合物必须由点火系统在适当的时间在气缸内被点燃。最后,电子系统被用来控制启动发动机用的电动机和为发动机附件提供电能。润滑系统发动机有许多最终会被磨损的运动部件,因为它们是相对运动的。发动机使润滑油在这些运动的部件间循环,以避免因金属与金属之间的接触而导致磨损。被润滑过的部件能够因为摩擦减少而容易运动,因摩擦导致的能量损失是最小的。润滑油的第二个功能是作为冷却液和防止泄露。最后,气缸壁上的润滑油薄膜有助于活塞环密封并因此提高发动机的压缩性。冷却系统 由于燃料与空气在气缸内燃烧,从而使发动机部件温度升高。温度升高直接影响发动机的性能和发动机部件的寿命。冷却系统使发动机工作保持在有效的温度。不管驾驶条件如何,发动机系统被设计成既能防止过热又能防止过冷。燃料供给系统燃料供给系统的主要功能是以一定的比例和压力给化油器或喷射系统提供燃料,并在汽车遇到的所有情况下,满足发动机对负载、速度和坡度的需要。燃料系统也必须为汽车行驶几英里保留足够的燃料。点火系统点火系统的作用是在适当的时间使燃料燃烧,不管是高压电火花还是在每个发动机气缸中的自燃,以便于气体混合物的完全燃烧。提供给燃料室的燃料必须被点燃以提供能量。在一个火花点火发动机中,电火花就是用于这个目的。压缩点火发动机不需要一个独立的点火系统,因为点火会受混合气压缩压力的影响。电气系统发动机的电气系统提供能量给起动电动机并给所有附件提供电能。电气系统的主要构件是蓄电池、交流发电机、起动电动机、点火线圈和加热器。车架车架为汽车发动机和车身提供了一个安装框架。车架用方刚或盒形钢铁制造,有足够的强度支撑车身和其他构件的重量。汽车车架通常由一些焊接或铆接在一起的零件构成,从而形成最后的形状。发动机和橡胶垫被圈定在车架上。橡胶垫可以吸收振动,也可以提供这些振动的阻尼减轻乘客由于振动产生的不适。悬架系统悬架系统的功能是吸收由于路面不平使车轮上下运动所产生的振动。弹性元件、连接装置和减振器组成了汽车的悬架系统。悬架系统有两种类型:(1)刚性悬架系统(2)独立悬架系统在刚性悬架系统中,弹簧被系在刚性横梁上,这种系统主要被用在商用车辆的前轴和所有类型车辆的车轴上。独立悬架系统没有一根坚硬的轴。每个车架可以自由做垂直运动而相对应的另一侧车轮没有任何反应。独立悬架系统主要用在小汽车上。传动系统传动系把发动机产生的能量传递给车轮。它包括离台器(汽车上用手动变速器)、传动系(一系列的齿轮,把由发动机产生的转矩增强.推动汽车)、驱动轴、差速器和后挢。离合器离合器用于手动变速的传动系统。用它暂时把发动机和车轮之间的动力传递分开。当换档或停车时,把传动系和发动机的连接断开是很必要的。变速籍变速箱的主要功能是通过发动机把各种必需的扭矩提供给车轮,这是通过改变发动机输出轴和驱动轴两者之阃的传动比来实现的。驱动轴驱动轴或叫推动轴与齿轮箱和差动器相连。驱动轴通常在末端具有万向节。差速器差速器的功能是把来自传动轴的能量分给后轿。当汽车转弯或掉沟时,它允许后轮以不同的逮度驱动。车轿车桥是指用来安装车轮的轴,通过这些车桥向车轮提供必需的驱动力。 车轮车轮支承着整辆车.并产生牵引力来驱动汽车。车轮也用于减速和停车。转向系统转向系统是用来改变汽车方向的,在任何转向机构中最主要的就是转向精确且容易控制,同时前轮在转向后又能自动回正。一个齿轮机构,通常认为是转向齿轮,在这个系统内用来增强由驾驶员提供的转向力,这个系统使得汽车转向非常容易,驾驶员不用费报大的力。不仅仅是在弯曲的公路上需要汽车转向,在交通拥挤的路上也需要巧妙地控制。转向系统使得汽车可以被控制向左或者向右转向。制动系统制动用来使车辆放慢速度或者停车。制动系统可以是机械制动或者液压制动。现在用的制动系统95%都是液压型的。所有的制动系统都包含两种元件,一种是旋转零件,另一种是固定零件,有各种各样方法使得这两个元件相接触而使车辆减速。制动系统的主要组成部分:制动踏扳、主制动缸、车轮制动、制动鼓、制动管路、制动蹄、制动装备和联动装置。随着汽车负载和车速的增大,目前制动系统的重要性也在增大,并且现在人们更喜欢助力制动。助力制动利用真空和空气压力来提供更好的制动力。
There will always be that when you own something when you do not think it would be valuable, but also do not see the value of it, but when you lose it when it come to repentance, but that at the moment when the lateness of the hour, too late for regrets and. I now have such a similar week-long automotive engine disassembly internship is over, memories of this time, he reluctantly are true. Wanted to be back in a week ago, then put in every day practice as seven hours to 27 hours use. This is true, this internship opportunities for me are too precious a this internship, I learned about auto engines knowledge, are ever at a lesson on what can not be compared. And I once again felt the profound theoretical and practical combination of the because of the arrangement to the engine of our components are Santana 2000 engine. First of all, for the automotive engine theory of knowledge, I understand that:Santana in Germany Volkswagen Ltd. 1982 products. The company entered Shanghai in 1983, to cooperate with the development of our country has been the development of three generations - four generations of production lines, and in 95 years will be Santana 2000 Electronic Fuel injection system into the main parameters of motor vehicles including technical parameters, the basic parameters, engine and chassis parameters parameters. Structure for the JV type engine, the combustion chamber for the ball flat, so that the function of strong squeezing gas area, to reduce fuel consumption and air pollution Valve for overhead camshaft type, camshaft push rod directly. Advantages of simple structure, the inertia of small parts, the system stiffness, and improve the effective engine speed. Valve for the hydraulic rod to mention, the automatic adjustment of valve clearance. Intake system has electric heaters and temperature control the intake valve, you can ensure that a smooth start and shorten the warm-up time. Closed water cooling system uses forced basic structure of the modern automobile engine from crank linkage, valve body, transmission system, lubrication system, cooling system, ignition system, start the Department of the composition. Linkage crank engines are energy conversion and transmission of power institutions. Valve bodies are engines of ventilators, ventilation process: on time and turn off the control valve to ensure full combustion gas mixed with gas and emissions. Supply lines are guaranteed to give a total cylinder fresh combustible mixture and export emissions, and in accordance with the different engine operating conditions the supply of different quantity and concentration of combustible gas mixture.中文翻译如下:人们总说,当你拥有一样东西的时候,你会不觉得的它的珍贵,也看不到它的价值所在,但是当你失去它的时候才恍然悔悟,此刻却以为时已晚,后悔莫及。我现在就有这么一种类似的感受。为期一周的汽车发动机拆装实习结束了,回忆这段时光,竟真的是恋恋不舍。恨不得能回到一周前,然后把每天实习的7个小时当成27个小时来用。确实如此,这次实习的机会对我来说真的是太珍贵了。在这次实习中,我学习到的关于汽车发动机的知识,是在以往任何一节课上都不能所比拟的。而我也再一次深刻感受到了理论和实践结合的必要性。由于老师的安排,我们组分到的发动机是桑塔纳2000型发动机。首先,对于汽车发动机理论知识的学习,我了解到:桑塔纳轿车是德国大众汽车有限公司1982年的产品。该公司于1983年进入上海,同我国进行合作开发,目前已发展为三代-四代生产线,并于95年将桑塔纳2000电控汽油喷射系统投入市场。汽车的主要参数包括技术参数、基本参数、发动机参数和底盘 参数。 发动机结构为JV型,燃烧室为扁球形,这样可以则功能强挤气面积,减低油耗和大气污染配气机构凸轮轴为顶置式,凸轮轴直接推动连杆。优点为结构简单、零件惯性小、系统刚度大、有效提高发动机转速。气门提杆为液压式,气门间隙自动调节。进气系统有电加热器和温度控制进气阀,可以确保汽车顺利启动和缩短暖机时间。冷却系统采用闭式水冷强制循环。现代汽车发动机基本结构由曲柄连杆机构、配气机构、传动系、润滑系、冷却系、点火系、启动系组成。曲柄连杆机构是发动机进行能量转换和传递动力的机构。配气机构是发动机的换气机构,换气过程:控制气门按时关闭,保证气配时充分燃烧混合气和排放废气。供给系是保证向气缸共给新鲜可燃混合气和导出废气,并按照发动机不同工况供给不同数量和浓度的可燃混合气。这篇挺好的啊,嘻嘻
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