首页

> 论文发表知识库

首页 论文发表知识库 问题

中西方婚姻差异毕业论文

发布时间:

中西方婚姻差异毕业论文

Differences Between Chinese Marriage Custom and Western Marriage Custom 中西方婚俗的差异AbstractThere are many procedures in Chinese marriage custom. The book propriety and ceremony, which records earliest wedding ceremony, says that marriage includes six etiquettes, namely, proposing, asking the name, asking for fortune, sending betrothal presents to the girl's family, discussing the date of marriage and meeting the bride. In western marriage, there are four procedures. They are proposal, changing surnames, choosing the day and holding the wedding. As the different religions, cultural origins, marriage concepts and geographies, there are many differences existing in the two kinds of marriage customs. In Chinese marriage custom, the matchmaker functions almost all the time and youths have no right to choose and women are not on an equal footing with men. By contrast, in western marriage custom, the priest functions and the youths have legal right to choose whom they want to marry and men and women are equal. There also exist common things in the two sides. They have been maintained for thousands of years. But in recent years (especially after the founding of modern China), people have tended to discard some of the details and advocate simplified marriage procedures and wedding WordsMarriage custom; differences; reasons摘 要中国婚俗有着许多的仪式。最早记载婚礼习俗的《仪礼》云:“婚有六礼,纳采、问名、 纳吉、纳征、请期、亲迎。”而在西方国家主要有4个程序,即建议,改姓,选期和举行婚礼。由于宗教、文化根源、婚姻观念以及地理环境的不同在一定程度上导致了中西方婚俗的不同。在中国婚俗中,媒人起着决定性的作用,而作为婚姻当事人的青年男女却没有选择的自由和权力,而且男女在婚姻中的不平等现象也屡有出现。 在西方,是牧师在婚姻中起作用,并且青年男女有合法的权力去选择自己的夫婿或妻子。当然中西方的婚俗也存在相同的地方。它们存在了上千年之久。近年来(特别是新中国成立之后),中西结合的婚姻屡有出现。关键词婚俗;差异;原因IntroductionMarriage is formed in a long historical evolution of the marriage custom in a nation. It is the regularity of the activities that restrains people's awareness of marriage and marriage. Marriage custom’s binding does not depend on the law, and it can not rely on science tests neither, but on the force of habit, traditional culture and national psychology. During the development of human history, the institution of marriage and family system has experienced different processes of development. Human have experienced group marriage, the dual system of marriage and individual marriage system (monogamy).As a union of a man and a woman and a family formation stage, marriage includes not only marriage, but also the preparation phase for the marriage and the performance stage after the festivities. It runs through the whole process of life. These customs, as a national symbol and cultural development, plays a very important role in ethnic studies and the history of is a country with an ancient civilization and a long history, and many customs. Among so many customs, there is a particular marriage custom. This custom goes through various and long stages of development from ancient simple wedding ceremony to later complex ceremony, from feudal marriage custom to the modern free marriage custom. During these courses, people’s ideas are progressing, though we can not say that their ideas are up to the top of mankind’s ideas in all over the world at all over the time because there are still backward ideas existing in many places, in many people’s mind and they maybe will still exist for a long time. However, they are up to the top of mankind’s ideas in a certain stage of the uninterrupted development of civilization is the base of western culture. Britain plays an important role in western history and western culture, and of course marriage with each other, they are different in many aspects such as in right aspect and in freedom aspect and there are many reasons that result in these differences such as cultural reason and geographical reason. I. Chinese Marriage CustomLike other folk, marriage custom has the same development and evolving process. In the early days of humanity, the human relationship in a very long period of time still carried the irregular relations like the animal world. There was no marriage at all, if suggest some, the only "arbitrary marriage." In China, marriage has gone through for a long time. As a most grand etiquette, it has always been a high degree of attention. To control the marriage, the family and the whole society, since the beginning of Zhou Dynasty, Chinese marriage should comply with six procedures, which is the so-called "six etiquettes." And Later in Tang and Ming Dynasty in China, marriage also complied with the "six etiquettes". As time goes by, although many wedding customs experienced various changes "Six etiquettes" as the basic pattern has not changed much. It is still essential and core in marriage has changed much today, but in many places, there still remains traditional marriage feudal society, a marriage would be decided not by the youths’ love, but by their parents' desires. Only after a matchmaker's introduction and when parents considered the two family conditions were similar and could be matched, would the marriage procedures went forward. Conditions that should be taken into consideration included wealth and social status. If a boy's family was well-off or an official family, his parents would never permit him to marry a girl from a poor family. Essential to the marriage process were the commonly recognized 'three Letters and six etiquettes'. The three letters were the betrothal letter, the gift letter with a gifts list and the wedding letter used on the day the bridegroom met his bride at her home. The book propriety and ceremony, which records earliest wedding ceremony, says that marriage, usually, involves six necessary procedures, namely, proposing, asking the name, asking for fortune, sending betrothal present to girl's family, discussing date of marriage and meeting the . Proposing:Proposing is the first etiquette in marriage and is the first meet between the members in the two families. Thus, it is very important. Using a common expression, it is making an offer of marriage to another family on behalf of the son or the parents thought that the girl could be the daughter-in-law in old times, they would ask a matchmaker for sending the gifts and bring the son and the girl together. If the girl’s parents also agreed on the marriage, they would accept the gifts. People usually used a wild goose when sending the gifts. Because the wild gooses could fly to the south or the north according to the seasons and they would never change it which implied the woman would be punctual and also because when the wild gooses flied they were in a row and when they stopped they were in a line which implied that woman should comply with the marriage rules and arrange in order that one should not breach . Asking the NameIt aims to ask for girl’s name and ancient times the girl’s name would not be known by other people until the girl was in an age of marriage. First, one must have the matchmaker and inform of the man’s family through a card. And the man’s family would lastly receipt for postal remittance. Thus it can be seen that “asking the name” not only meant that the man’s family wanted to know the girl’s name, but also wrote down the woman’s birthday and Eight-characters (in four pairs denoting the time, date, month and year of a person’s birth, each pair consisting of one Heavenly Stem and one Earthly Branch, used in fortune-telling). If the birthday and Eight-characters were not harm the man, the man’s family would lastly receipt for postal remittance. Sometimes the woman’s parents also wrote down the official position of the woman’s great-grandpa, grandpa and father and the dowry that could be supplied. What’s interesting is that during this progress it was the matchmaker that functioned, not the man’s family or the woman’s family. Matchmaker was also important in the other procedures. In traditional Chinese marriage, people believed “behest of the parents and proposal of a matchmaker”. That’s why many marriages in the past were arranged by parents and matchmakers. Matchmaker’s proposal was the marriage’s valid basis in Tang has been simplified today. Many marriage does not need this . Asking for Fortune After asking the name, the bridegroom’s side had got the woman’s birthday and Eight-Characters and they went to consult a fortune-teller then which was called “asking for fortune”. It included two aspects of contents. One was consult the female virtues. Ancient people regarded female virtues as the most important one in the gospel of three obedience that were obedience to one’s father before marriage, to one’s husband after marriage, and to one’s son after one’s husband’s death and four virtues that was morality, proper speech, modest manner, and diligent work for a woman according to Confucian lichun, Zhuge Liang’s wife (Zhuge Liang was a statesman and strategist in the period of the Three Kingdoms, now a symbol of wisdom in Chinese folklore) was famous for her ugliness, wisdom and high female virtues. A man in old times always had many wives. In order to solidifying and stead in the family, people paid much attention to female virtues. Hence there was the saw “Marry wife is marrying virtues and take a concubine is marrying appearance”.The other one was consult good or bad luck. If they were not fit for each other in Eight-Characters according to the birthday and what’s more, the woman would harm the man, the result was that this marriage would not be held and would be cancelled. If the result was fit for each other and moreover the woman would make the man prosperous, the man’s side would inform the woman’s side through the matchmaker and send the betrothal gifts and exchange cards. Thus the marriage was actually decided to be . Sending Betrothal Presents to the Girl’s FamilyThe book propriety and ceremony wrote by the scholars in Han dynasty regards it as sending money. If there is no receipt of gifts, there is no marriage. Hence whether receipt the gifts or not is the implication of the agreement of the marriage by the woman’s significance of it includes two aspects of meaning. One is the thanks for the woman’s parents because the parents feed up her. The other is help the woman’s family prepare for . Discussing the Date of MarriageIn the past, the bridegroom’s side decided the lucky day and sent the matchmaker to inform of the woman’s family. People paid much attention to the marriage time. They usually had a person looked at the almanac or asked for fortune. They liked having marriage in spring or autumn because spring was the time that everything comes back to life and time when spring was changing into summer and was favor to pregnant with new life; autumn was the season of harvest. After the labor for a year, people had enough money to hold the , it is also an important event. People pay many attentions to . Meeting the BrideThe marriage is finally held after the five procedures. In the past, the bridegroom wore wedding suit, riding on a horse, and guided the bridal sedan chair to marry the bride on the day. And the bride wore a red cheongsam waiting for the bridegroom. Now, the bridegroom wares western suit, and the bride wares wedding dress and usually in a car.待续

首先,是在传统结婚仪式上面。中国的传统婚俗有“三书六礼”“三拜九叩”这些繁俗礼节。所谓“三书”,就是指聘书、礼书、迎亲书。(聘书:订亲之书,男女双方正式缔结婚约。纳吉(过文定)时用。 礼书:过礼之书,即礼物清单,详尽列明礼物种类及数量。纳征(过大礼)时用。 迎亲书:迎娶新娘之书。结婚当日(亲迎)接新娘过门时用。)而“六礼”是指纳采、问名、纳吉、纳征、请期、亲迎。(纳采:古时婚礼之首,属意女方时,延请媒人作谋,谓之纳采,今称「提亲」。 问名:男方探问女方之姓名及生日时辰,以卜吉兆,谓之问名,今称「合八字」。 纳吉:问名若属吉兆,遣媒人致赠薄礼,谓之纳吉,今称「过文定」或「小定」。 纳征:奉送礼金、礼饼、礼物及祭品等,即正式送聘礼,谓纳征,今称「过大礼」。 请期:由男家请算命先生择日,谓之请期,又称「乞日」、今称 「择日」。 亲迎:新郎乘礼车,赴女家迎接新娘,谓之亲迎。)而在这之间更有换庚谱、过文定、过大礼、安床等一系列的活动。而在这些活动中有着大量的禁忌和礼俗,比如新娘嫁妆中要有剪刀(蝴蝶双飞)、痰盂(子孙桶)、尺(良田万顷)、片糖(甜甜蜜蜜)、银包皮带(腰缠万贯)、花瓶(花开富贵)、铜盆及鞋(同偕到老)、龙凤被、床单及枕头一对、两双用红绳捆着的筷子及碗(有衣食)、七十二套衣服,用扁柏、莲子、龙眼及利是伴着(丰衣足食)等物,每样物品都有其不同的含义。同时,在婚礼进行时也有一定的顺序,按一般的情况,在整个婚礼过程中有:祭祖(男方在出门迎娶新娘之前,先祭拜祖先。)、出发(迎亲车队以双数为佳。)、燃炮(迎亲礼车行列在途中,应一路燃放鞭炮以示庆贺。)、等待新郎(礼车至女方家时,会有一男童侍持茶盘等候新郎,新郎下车后,应赏男孩红包答礼,再进入女方家。)、讨喜(新郎应持捧花给房中待嫁之新娘,此时,新娘之闺中密友要拦住新郎,不准其见到新娘,女方可提出条件要新郎答应,通过后才得进入。)、拜别(新人上香祭祖,新娘应叩拜父母道别,并由父亲盖上头纱,而新郎仅鞠躬行礼即可。)、出门(新娘应由福高德劭女性长辈持竹筛或黑伞护其走至礼车,因为新娘子在结婚当天的地位比谁都大,因此不得与天争大。)、礼车( 在新娘上礼车后,车开动不久,女方家长应将一碗清水、白米撒在车后,代表女儿已是泼出去的水,以后的一切再也不予过问,并祝女儿事事有成,有吃有穿。)、掷扇(礼车起动后,新娘应将扇子丢到窗外,意谓不将坏性子带到婆家去,扇子由新娘的兄弟拾回,掷扇后必须哭几声,且在礼车之后盖「竹筛」以象征繁荣。)、燃炮(由女方家至男方家的途中,同样要一路燃放礼炮。)、摸橘子(迎新车队到达新郎家时,由一位拿着橘子或苹果的小孩来迎接新人,新娘要轻摸一下橘子,并赠红包答礼。这两个橘子要放到晚上,让新娘亲自剥皮,意谓招来「长寿」。)、牵新娘(新娘由礼车走出时,应由男方一位有福气之长辈持竹筛顶在新娘头上,并扶新娘进入大厅。进门时,新人绝不可踩门槛,而应横跨过去。)、喜宴(时下颇流行中西合壁式的婚礼,大都在晚上宴请客人同时举行观礼仪式,在喜宴上,新娘可褪去新娘礼服,换上晚礼服向各桌一一敬酒。)、送客(喜宴完毕后,新人立于家门口送客,须端着盛香烟、喜糖之茶盘。)、闹洞房(新人被整之灾情大小,端视新人是否曾在其他的婚礼上戏弄别人,或平素待人够不够忠厚等。)、三朝回门(在婚后第三天,新妇由夫婿陪同下,带备烧猪及礼品回娘家 祭祖,甚至小住一段日子,然后再随夫婿回家。)。有此可以见到我国文化的繁琐,但不要以为繁琐是我国婚礼的特有特征,其实,不同国家虽然有不同的婚俗,但从繁复的细节与用品的喻意,都可见对婚姻的尊重和期许无分国界。在西方国家中,婚礼时有旧(Something Old)、新(Something New)、借(Something Borrowed)、蓝(Something Blue)等习俗。旧是指母亲传下来之婚纱,头饰或首饰,代表承受美好的一切;新是指朋友送的礼物如裙子,饰物,象征新的生活;借是指可向任何人借东西回来,据说从富裕亲友借来金或银放在鞋内,象征带来财运;蓝是指新娘的一些小饰物或花束用蓝色,意味着新娘的纯洁及贞洁。而在进行婚礼时,西方亦有大量的习俗。比如,在结婚时新娘总要带着一方手帕,西方人认为白手帕象征好运。根据民俗说法,农夫认为新娘在磨擦婚当天所流下的泪能使天降甘露,滋润家作物。后来,新娘在新婚汉天流泪,就变成她将有幸福婚姻的好兆头。而在婚礼典礼时,新娘总是站在新郎的左边,据说,古时候,盎格鲁撒克逊的新郎必须保护新娘子免得被别人抢走。在结婚典礼时,新郎让新娘站在自己左边,一旦情敌出现,就可以立即挥出配带于右边的剑,吓退敌人。在进行结婚晚宴时,要特别定制结婚蛋糕,根据历史记载,自罗马时代开始,婚礼结束时,人们会在新娘头上折断一条面包的材料----小麦象征生育能力,面包屑则代表着幸运。新人必须以糖霜,就形成今天的结婚蛋糕了。由此可见,西方的婚俗并不比中方简洁。 其次是在服装方面。在进行婚礼不只是有仪式习俗需要遵守,在穿着方面也有讲究。中国传统婚礼进行时新郎和新娘具着红色的礼服,象征的吉祥如意,预示在结婚后日子红红火火。而西方的新娘则穿白色的礼服。自罗马时代开始,白色象征欢庆。1850年到1900年之间,白色亦是富贵的象征。到了本世纪初,白色所代表的纯洁意义更远超其他。西方认为白色与童贞有关。古罗马的新娘穿着白色的婚纱,蒙着鲜橙黄色的面纱,象征着激情的火焰。在西方的天主教传统里,白色代表着快乐;其他一些地区,白色在他们的婚礼和葬礼里指示各种各样的通路典礼和意义。例如,在安达曼群岛(Andaman Islanders),白色代表一种地位的变化。“传统”的白色结婚礼服,在早期是贵族的特权。在多利亚女王时代,大多数的新娘只能穿传统的国家服装,只有上层阶级才能穿代表权力和身份的白色婚纱。一直到近代,贵族阶级的特权消失以后,白色的婚纱才成为普通新娘的礼服。而相对于西方白色婚纱的历史,中国婚礼中的大红色的凤袍的历史则较简单。龙凤在中国的神话中有着重要的地位。龙主阳凤主阴,而阳则代表男子,阴就表示女子。因此新娘就用凤表示。所以在红色的礼服上绣着凤也就很容易理解了。 还有就是在一些小的习惯上面,中西方的婚俗有相似的地方。例如,中国古代有抛绣球迎亲的习俗;而西方的新郎新娘在教堂举行婚礼后,会把手中的鲜花抛向空中,如果有人接到的话就预示着他将很快结婚。 中西方在婚俗上面有以上种种的差异,这和中西方人在思想思维的差异有直接的联系。中国人比较保守,喜欢热闹,思维较古板,所以在中国历史几千年的时间里整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。直到近代西方的文化传入以后,中国的传统文化才开始向西方转化,但在很大的程度上任有中国传统婚俗的礼仪。而中国人爱热闹的性格在中国传统婚礼中可以得到充分的体现。除了中西方都有的结婚晚宴以外,在中国的传统婚俗中,还有一个为新娘饯行的结婚午宴。其次在婚宴结束以后,新人的亲朋好友会去新房中闹洞房。认为在新房中越热闹,新人在婚后的生活越幸福。因此闹新房的成员们无不用所其极,用种种方法刁难新郎新娘。西方人的思想则比较开放,对于婚礼的要求也比较低,他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中:随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》步入鲜红的地毯,娇美的新娘手挽着父亲捧玫瑰慢慢向新郎走去,新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在新郎的手上,将女儿的一生托付给你,所有人的目光注视着这对新人,幸福洋溢在他们的脸上。她是今天最美的新娘。 在神圣的教堂上空,他们的誓言在回荡,带上永结同心的婚戒,只到神父说:“你可以亲吻你的新娘了…… 结婚是一生的盟约,你是要为之坚守一辈子的誓言。 主耶稣说:上帝所配合的人便不可分开。 这一生一世的爱情,因为今天而完美。”然后新郎新娘或是去晚宴地点或是去渡蜜月,并没有中国传统婚俗的种种礼节。另一个造成中西方差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。中国是以佛教为主,而西方则是基督教为主的。所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地,拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。西方的婚礼是属于浪漫型的,整个婚礼从开始到结束到充满了浪漫气息。新娘的礼服一般为白色,新郎是黑色的礼服,使整个婚礼显的庄重严肃.到教堂去举行结婚仪式是整个婚礼最重要的环节.首先,随着婚礼进行曲的节奏,新娘挽她的父亲的手走到新郎面前,由她的父亲将她亲手交到新郎手中.牧师会要求新郎新娘对对方作出一辈子的承诺,这也是整个婚礼的高潮.然后他们会在牧师和众人的祝福下,交换结婚戒指并亲吻对方。而新娘手中的花球也不是一般的装饰用品.在婚礼结束时,新娘就会抛给到场的女宾客,如果谁接到花球,谁就是下一个结婚的人,这就使整个婚礼在欢声笑语中结束了。 中国的婚礼就不同于西方,整个婚礼的主色调是红色,这也是中国的传统的代表喜气的颜色。这也就使婚礼变的喜气洋洋.在传统婚礼中,新娘一般穿着红色罗衣,头戴凤冠,上面还有一块红色丝巾.而新郎就穿着红色的长衫马褂,头戴红色大沿帽。新娘乘着大红花轿在后,新郎骑着马在前,随着红娘和迎亲队伍到新郎家中拜堂.双方家长坐在上堂,而新郎新娘在下堂成婚.整个婚礼由司仪主持,在他的指挥下,新郎新娘一拜天地,下拜高堂,然后夫妻对拜,送入洞房.闹洞房是婚礼的高潮,新娘先回洞房等待新郎,而新郎就在外招待客人,酒足饭饱后,新郎在一大堆人的簇拥下来到洞房.众人就开始闹洞房了,新郎新娘在大家的起哄下做各种游戏……这样整个婚礼就在一片笑声中结束了。

我是宁乡人,我觉得宁乡订婚也没什么特别的习俗,主要是双方家长在一起吃顿饭,再按自己的经济能力和地方的大概水平付给女方家长一定的彩礼(放心,宁乡人嫁女儿从来不会赚钱的,肯定会多给点陪嫁给女儿的)。

中美婚礼的差异首先,美国人的婚礼是由新娘的家人筹办的,钱当然是新娘的父亲出了。这是很传统的习俗,当然现在也有好多是两个年轻人靠自己筹办的。所以,国内的小伙子,如果想省钱可以考虑娶个美国姑娘哦因为你的老泰山可以出钱办婚礼的~ 美国人从定好婚礼的日子当婚礼当天至少要1年。这其中包括很多事情。首先,要选定婚礼地点。中国人眼里的美国人都是在教堂举行婚礼的,其实不然,教堂婚礼时很传统的,很religious的。选择一个漂亮的礼堂也是很流行的。但是越来越多的年轻人选择室外的婚礼,在花园,公园,海滩,或是任何对他们有意义的地方,需要设计风格外形都令新人(特别是新娘)满意,然后搭建装饰。这项工程是很费时间费金钱的。他们讲究每一个细节,连椅子靠背上的绑的蝴蝶结都要大小高低一致。其次,为新娘选择婚纱是很重要的,美国人的婚纱很少有租的,传统一点儿的是母亲或是祖母结婚时的婚纱留下来的,爱漂亮的新娘就要自己选了,在礼服店试婚纱,量尺寸,为伴娘们选一致的礼服。为新娘的父亲,新郎,伴郎们选择礼服。这项任务大约至少需要1-2个月吧。新娘的礼服价钱惊人,最便宜的也够我从美国到中国的往返机票了~下一项任务就是选择婚宴上的蛋糕,饮料,酒水,和食物。所有的都要一种一种的品尝,香草蛋糕?巧克力蛋糕?柠檬蛋糕?之后外面的coating要什么样的...酒水也要一一品尝,婚礼上的食物也是很正规的:头台,沙拉,正餐,甜点都是要足项选择的。我去过的婚礼中最好的一家是一个意大利女孩的婚礼,下面的照片是否让你流口水呢?像照片上的食物就是比较贵的,便宜的也是有的,一般鸡肉餐最便宜,海鲜餐最贵。这其中的事情还多着呢,请DJ或是顾乐队,请牧师,请摄影师,安排酒店,为每个亲朋友好写&发请帖....到婚礼的前一天,也就是他们说的Rehearsal/预演,排练。在婚礼中的每一个人都要到场,穿便装,为婚礼当天排练一次(或N次)之后新人会请吃饭的哦,叫做rehearsal dinner. 通常是去一家好一点的饭店。大家聊一聊... 之后,这天晚上新郎和新娘都是忙着出去和自己的好朋友们,通常是新郎和伴郎们,新娘和伴娘们,除去狂欢一晚上来告别自己的单身生活。这天晚上的名堂就大了,好多人都是去一些很开放的地方啊,或是喝酒到不省人事啊。婚礼当天,早上还是会作一些正常的事。该出去散步啊,遛狗啊,都是照常的,因为他们很有时间观念,定好的时间,在不迟到的情况下决不提前到!时间到了,新娘新郎都会各自开车到定好的酒店里(一家酒店但是时间错开保证两人不见面)每个人都要打扮了~这里要讲的是关于伴郎和伴娘的,新人都要有几个groomsman或bridesmaid,但是每人只有一个Bestman和maid of honor. 新郎和伴郎们前去婚礼地点,之后新娘才穿好婚纱到。这里没有车队之类的东东。婚礼开始前众嘉宾客人就座,新郎在前面站好,音乐响起(当然不是婚礼进行曲)groomsman和bridesmaid走进来,之后所有的伴郎伴娘成对走进,这是婚礼进行曲,新娘和她父亲相挽走进来,这是全场人的站立起来,所有人的目光当然注视在新娘的身上。所以说,中国人认为婚礼进行曲是由两位新人分享的那就错了。走到新郎附近,父亲把新娘交给新郎后入座。牧师或是有主婚资格的人宣布婚礼开始,之后就是一些新人发誓,互换戒指之类。婚礼上的戒指通常是指环,没有钻石的那种。两个人都有得情侣指环。如果你看到美国已婚妇女左手无名指带着两个戒指那就是带钻石的是订婚戒指也就是新郎跪地求婚时送的,还有一个是指环那个才是结婚戒指。所以美国的已婚男人通常也会带一个指环表示他已婚!

中西方婚姻观差异论文参考文献

中国美国爱情观婚姻观的对比如今在国人口里,小三成了流行语,社会对男人的婚外情还挺能理解,更忽悠人的说 法是包二奶、有情妇、整个小三那叫有本事。而在美国,这些都挺让人汗颜。美国民众把婚外情视为最不道德的事似乎有点令人意外,因为长期以来美国人给人留下 的印象是在性上很开放。的确,美国人对性是很开放、也较少有什么处女情节。但美国 人在性关系上有个分水岭。也就是未婚男女如何恋、怎么来没多少人在乎。美国中学生 发生性关系的比例也不小,这让许多老爸老妈提心吊胆。不过对于男女的婚前性行为, 美国人倒是不太把此视为一个人道德上的缺失,60%的人认为这在道德上可以接受,也 就是OK。甚至,婚前女性有孩子,51%的美国人认为也没啥,道德上不算有毛病。所以 ,美国少男少女婚前性行为就跟吃饭那么自然,男女换朋友也很痛快,就如同换衣服一 样简单。 但是…… 而一旦男女结了婚,有了家庭,这就不一样了,那就是一种承诺。男女之间对婚姻的承 诺是相互的忠诚,对家庭的承诺是负责。所以老美结了婚的人,那就是自愿进了围城, 进了这个庙,就的撞这个钟。腻歪了,不想撞钟了,想当花和尚,好说,先把袈裟脱下 去。不愿在婚姻的围城里当素食和尚,想出去喝花酒,可以,那就先把婚离了,成了单 身汉,就当你的钻石王老五好了。但若想吃着碗里,惦记着锅里,天下没那么多好事, 因为人一旦失去了道德上的筹码就必然要付出代价。

中国女人和美国女人找对象的标准不一样。中国女人择偶标准:稳重、诚实、有责任感、高富帅等。美国女人择偶标准:风趣、肌肉、自由等。在美国女人眼中金钱、地位不是最重要的因素。两国对于婚姻的价值观不同。在中国,夫妻双方可能因为房子、汽车、美食等斤斤计较。美国夫妻不会这样,只要两人情投意合,租个房子住也不是很大的问题。责任感不同。中国婚姻的责任往往倾注在下一代身上,而美国婚姻的责任往往是自己。这也许是文化差异所导致的原因。道德观不同。中国人在道德观上还是比较沉默的,认为只要结婚了,就要白头偕老,一旦咱俩结婚,很难有改变的余地。在美国,婚姻纯属个人主义,无人干涉,更不涉及道德观的问题。对自由的向往不同。很多中国婚姻,有了孩子之后,男主外女主内,分工鲜明,为了孩子和家庭,安分守己。美国婚姻在这方面不同。两人结婚后,无论孩子和家庭,都会追逐心中的梦想。细节方面不同。中国夫妻会因为生活中的小事而吵吵闹闹,俗话说吵吵闹闹一辈子嘛。美国人不同,他们会把信任和尊重放在首位。其实,很多婚姻都是毁于细节上的。

当然,以上情形都是电视剧里或者我脑补出来的,现实生活中的美国男女谈恋爱真的是这种“自由自在,随心所欲”的状态吗?好像也不是我们想象中的那样,不同的人对美国青年男女的恋爱观也褒贬不一。一、年龄首先,在年龄上美国不存在“早恋”这个词汇,十几岁的孩子谈恋爱,亲吻、拥抱也被视为正常。与中国的父母发现十几岁的孩子谈恋爱时的大发雷霆和强烈制止不一样,美国父母会借此机会加强对孩子的性教育,重点是预防性传染疾病和过早怀孕现象。虽然如此,在美国18岁之前怀孕当妈妈的依然很多。在美国的初中阶段,正是少男少女们情窦初开的年龄,而且这一阶段没有任何学业或者工作上的现实压力,所以正是谈恋爱的好时间,这一阶段的男女更看重的是恋爱的体验而不是结果。而中国这一阶段的孩子们正饱受着家长和老师对“早恋”的严厉打击,也不乏在打击面前产生逆反直接生米煮成熟饭的案例,所以这一阶段的恋爱还是引导为主,中国青少年的性教育实在有待加强。二、爱情观成年后的美国男女们爱情主要形式就是一见钟情和两情相悦,可能在某次舞会或者派对上认识,聊上两句,中国人称之为“调情”就能让两人陷入爱情,当然青年男女之间的爱情开始的容易,结束的也容易。两个人相处时间长了,新鲜感没有了随时都可以分手,而且分手后一般都可以继续做朋友,互相关心,而不是像中国男女那样老死不相往来,从此成为痴男怨女。比如在《老友记》中,罗斯和瑞秋的感情纠葛,从暗恋到表白,再到热恋、分手、复合、再分手……直至最终走到一起,历经了10年的起起落落。他们彼此坦诚相对,两个人即使已经分手,依然可以从容面对彼此,像朋友一样居住在同一个屋檐下,这种情形在中国恐怕是很难实现的。所以美国青年男女的爱情观更具开放性和包容性。三、侧重点在爱情中,中美两国青年男女看重的因素不同,在中国越来越多的年轻男女寻找恋爱对象时更加看重金钱、工作等现实因素,而美国青年男女更看重的是长相、气质等,其他因素都是次要的。在美国情侣二人的颜值基本上都会在一个水平线上,但是在中国美女配丑男或者丑女配美男是非常常见的,当然不排除爱情可以让情人眼里出西施,但是很多时候颜值悬殊的情侣会走在一起都是有外力作用的

婚姻的态度是不一样的,而且在选择婚姻伴侣上也会有着很多的要求,同时也会有着一定的失忆,中国的婚姻会更讲究一些门当户对类型的,在美国的婚姻更讲究个人主义和自由观。

中美婚姻差异论文题目

1、中国婚姻法文化考论2、婚姻契约观念的限度与嬗变3、秦汉家族法研究4、我国民法典亲属法编立法构建研究5、中美婚内侵权行为之比较法研究6、当代中国婚姻法与婚姻家庭研究7、中国维吾尔族婚姻习惯法研究8、建国初期山东省宣传贯彻婚姻法研究9、建国初期山西省贯彻婚姻法运动研究10、论我国离婚诉讼中房产分割的若干问题11、离婚诉讼中无房女性利益的法律保护问题研究12、《婚姻法解释(三)》中不动产登记效力研究13、《婚姻法解释(三)》中夫妻财产制度的研究14、民国时期婚姻法的文学省思15、土地革命时期婚姻立法问题研究(学术堂提供更多论文知识)

1,配偶权与“包二奶”。新现行《婚姻法》对配偶权的问题也是个焦点问题。配偶权是一种身份权,过去我国的《婚姻法》和《民法通则》都没有明确提及这种权利,因而此次将配偶权正式纳入法律之中是必要的。而配偶权最基本的内容就是夫妻间的“忠实义务”。忠实义务主要是指专一的夫妻性生活义务,任何人不得和配偶之外的异性发生性关系。否则就是对其配偶权的一种侵害。“包二奶”的现象就是对配偶权的一种莫大侵害。2,家庭暴力家庭暴力不仅指夫妻关系,也指家庭其他成员之间的关系。设立此项,意从保护妇女儿童权益的角度出发,当然,也可保护某些“家庭”地位低下的男性。3,夫妻财产的规范现阶段在法定财产制这一法律原则下,还应有适当的约定财产制为补充,这样符合我国现阶段家庭经济多元化的现实。绝大多数国人没有婚前财产约定的习惯,认为刚结婚就想离婚时的财产纠纷是不吉利的。事实上,绝大多数的离婚案件都有财产纠纷。可在结婚登记时一并进行夫妻财产制约定,夫妻双方婚前既不用找律师也不用公证,可以直接选择一种约定夫妻财产制,不选择的则适用于法定夫妻财产制,这样使新婚夫妻在感情上更易接受。另外还有离婚中的“过错赔偿”子女探视权如果想写论文的话推荐配偶权与探视权可以参照德国法国等民法典的规定写写

统婚姻制度区域 1.浅析我国无效婚姻制度 2.我国“事实婚姻”制度的弊端与法律对策 3.论婚姻的成立 4.《婚姻登记条例》利与弊 5.中国妇女保护的立法不足 6.浅析抚养制度的完善 7.试论探望权的实现 8.关于离婚经济帮助制度的分析 9.关于离婚损害赔偿制度的思考 10.关于离婚几个法律问题的思考 11.法定离婚理由之探析 12.家庭暴力的法律对策 13.家庭调解制度在中国的命运 14.离婚过程中和离婚后对子女权益的法律保护 15.军人婚姻法律保护的利与弊 16.婚姻家庭法律在未来民法典中的地位 17.一夫一妻制度的法律保护 18.浅析可撤销婚姻制度 19.浅析我国的夫妻财产制度 20.离婚标准之探讨 21.亲权制度研究 22.中国古代婚姻制度研究 23.“婚内强奸”的立法研究 24.从平等原则看我国婚姻家庭中的男女平等 25.我国夫妻债务制度探讨 26.╳╳地方婚姻调查 27.浅析我国婚姻制度的改革和完善 28.违法婚姻问题研究 29.“感情确已破裂”解析 30.我国离婚救济制度研究 31.事实婚姻和非法同居关系的辨析 32.离婚损害赔偿之立法完善 33.居住权在婚姻家庭法的保护和实现 34.浅析中国古代的特色婚姻制度 35.从三部婚姻法看我国婚姻家庭理念的变迁 36.完善我国亲属抚养制度的几点思考 37.公证在婚姻法中的效力和地位 38.农村事实婚姻的状况与法律对策 39.夫妻侵权制度研究 40.准婚姻制度研究 婚姻家庭法哲学区域 1.婚姻法适用的道德机理 2.近现代法上婚姻本质属性研究 3.公平原则在离婚案件中的适用 4.试论夫妻相互忠实义务及其实现 5.婚姻家庭法的立法理念研究 6.关于配偶权的探讨 7.婚姻登记证的法律效力 8.“夫妻应当相互忠实”的法律分析 9.婚姻契约制度研究 10.婚内强迫性行为的法律性质分析 11.中国古代╳╳时期妇女法律地位探析 12.夫妻人身关系探析 13.“代孕”技术的法律反思 14.妇女人格独立制度研究 15.侵犯配偶权行为的法律规制 16.婚姻自由原则的法理分析 17.试论事实婚姻中的离婚问题 18.中国古代“抢婚”现象的法律分析 19.亲属法立法可行性探讨 20.婚姻自主权探讨 婚姻法学前沿区域 1.变性人及其原婚姻关系处理 2.同性恋(婚)的法律对策 3.婚前体检存废论 4.婚姻登记行为可诉性研究 5.试论准婚姻关系 6.“保卫婚姻俱乐部”的合法性探讨 7.浅析婚内索赔 8.对离婚的法律经济学分析 9.“性骚扰”法律问题研究 10.婚约的法律性质 11.“闪婚”的法律分析 12.人工生殖中的父母子女关系研究 13.试析“回族女子不外嫁”的习俗 14.同居者的权利义务探讨 15.关于大学生婚育权与高校管理权(或大学生受教育权)的探讨 16.婚内侵权赔偿制度研究 17.“半路夫妻”法律问题研究 18.“试婚”(或“试离婚”)的法律问题分析19.婚姻保险制度研究 20.“同性恋”婚姻立法趋势研究 21.浅析婚介所的法律地位 22.论服刑人员的结婚权 23.“换亲”的法律分析 24.浅析和谐社会与性别平等 25.网婚的法律分析

太长时间了吗你太

中西方婚礼文化差异论文

中西方婚礼风俗差异The western wedding customs vary众所周知,当今世界正在向全球化的趋势发展,各国之间的关系也变得更为紧密了。今天无论是“借鉴”还是“拿来”西方的礼仪,或者是我们自创一套自己的礼仪系统,这在形式上都不难。难的是我们也能有一个完整而自洽的价值体系,有对自身文化的高度认同和深刻的觉悟。 As everyone knows, the world today is to the trend of globalization, the relations between various countries are also becoming more closely. Whether it is" reference" or" used" the western etiquette, or are we created a set of their own etiquette system, this form is not difficult. The difficulty is that we can have a complete and consistent value system, have to their own cultural identity and profound consciousness of height.自古以来,婚姻就是人的一生中至关重要的一项活动,几乎在每一个社会文化中,都有举办婚礼的习俗。人类似乎天生就有这么一种需要,用婚礼将丈夫和妻子的关系公开并确立下来。而最重要的是人们可以透过纷繁绚丽的风俗来更清楚的认识人类社会历史,探究人类社会的发展历程和规律,因此我门从这方面着手只到整个礼仪系统的学习。 Since ancient times, marriage is vital to people's life in an activity, in almost every culture in society, has held the wedding customs. Humans seem to be born with this kind of need, with the wedding will be husband and wife relationship public and established. And the most important thing is that people can through numerous beautiful custom to better understanding the history of human society, to explore the development of human society and the law, so me from this respect proceed only to the etiquette system study.婚礼同时也体现了中西方文化的碰撞。中国有着5000年灿烂而悠久的传统文化,这是世界各国有目共睹的,而婚礼文化在中国经历了历史的变迁后,已经有非常悠久的历史。而西方的婚礼文化也是随着社会的进步在不断地发生变化。Wedding but also reflects the western culture collision. China has a bright 5000 tradition culture, this is be obvious to people all over the world, and the wedding culture in China has experienced changes in the history, has a very long history. While the western wedding culture is also along with the progress of the society is constantly changing.现在社会上流行中式婚礼西方化,西式婚礼中国化,都在说明着婚礼的形式在不断的发生变化,这体现了婚礼文化的丰富,中西方两种文化的碰撞,以及中西方文化的交融。而文化的进一步交流也必然带动各国之间经济的合作发展,没有了文化上的冲突,政治也会变得相对稳定。 Now the popular Chinese wedding western, Western-style wedding in China, are in the form of a wedding in constant change, which reflects the rich western wedding culture, the collision of two kinds of culture, as well as the western culture blend. And cultural exchanges between countries also will promote the economic cooperation and development, no cultural conflict, political will become relatively stable.中国的婚礼形式在我门年轻人的眼中都觉得很烦琐,首先介绍个对象不说,还得各个亲戚看看是否“通过”,那我就简单说几句吧,相亲,是我们国家的俗称,大多数是男的相女的,哈哈,接下来就是“见面”、“递贴”、“换号”,后边才结婚呢,结婚当天也不是那么简单的,“通路”、“接亲”等等,就是事情比较多,也比较麻烦!现代的婚礼形式受到西方文化的影响,一般是在教堂或酒店里,男女双方在结婚公证处领取结婚证后就是喜宴,在喜宴上新娘要轮流向每位客人进酒,不管男女老少,都要喝一口新娘进的酒。有时双方的朋友会刁难新娘,新娘若回答不出他们的提问就要送一大堆的喜糖作为交换。喜宴结束后,大多数情侣会去度蜜月。 无论是古代还是现代都体现了中国婚礼的特点:隆重,热闹,喜庆。Chinese wedding in my young people feel very cumbersome, first introduced the object does not say, still have various relatives have a look whether" through", I would simply say something, to date, is our country most commonly known as, is male is female, ha ha, the next is"."," stick", pass" change", behind only wedding, wedding day is not so simple," the passage", "the kiss" and so on, is a thing more, have more trouble! Modern wedding has been the impact of western culture, is in the church or in a restaurant, both men and women in marriage notary office received a marriage certificate is the reception at the wedding reception, bride to rotate towards each guest wine, regardless of people of all ages and both sexes, to drink the bride into wine. Sometimes the friends will create difficulties for the bride, bride if you can't answer their questions was to send a lot of candy in exchange. After the wedding reception, the majority of couples take a ancient or modern reflects the Chinese wedding features: grand, lively, happy.西方的婚礼是属于浪漫型的,整个婚礼从一开始就充满了浪漫的气息。一般有以下步骤:1来宾入席。2奏结婚进行曲。亲友点上蜡烛,牧师领唱诗班进场,宣布婚礼开始.伴郎伴娘和新郎陆续进场,女方家长陪新娘进场全体起立.3女方家长入席。新娘挽着父亲的手,步入大堂,伴娘和花童一同进入会场,全体来宾起立,父亲郑重的把女儿交给新郎,女方家长就坐,全体来宾就坐。4牧师证婚。新人进行结婚宣誓,宣告愿意结为夫妻。5新郎新娘互戴婚戒,宣誓。6献诗。来宾在唱诗班的带领下,唱祝福歌。7礼成。奏乐,新郎站右边,新娘站左边,两人一起走出教堂,伴郎伴娘随后,家属以及来宾随后退场。8茶会或晚宴。Western wedding is a romantic type, the whole wedding party from the beginning is full of romantic atmosphere. The general has the following steps: 1 guests attend. 2 played the wedding march. Friends and relatives of a candle, the priest a choir approach, announces the beginning of the wedding. And groom groomsman Bridesmaid enters the arena in succession, the wife's side parents to accompany the bride enters the standing ovation . 3 female parents sitting. The bride in her hand, stepped into the lobby, flower girl bridesmaid and they entered the hall, all the guests stood up, father solemnly put the daughter to the groom, wife's side parents sat, all the guests sitting. The 4 priest. The new marriage oath, declaring to be married. 5 the bride and groom each other wearing a wedding ring, oath. The 6 choir. Guests at the choir 's lead, sing a song. The ceremony is over 7. The bride, groom on the right, stand on the left, along with two people out of the church, a groomsman Bridesmaid subsequently, families and guests then exit. 8 party or dinner.

写作思路:可以从中西方婚礼时候的穿着以及颜色进行对比,中心要明确,避免语法使用错误等等。

正文:

Chinese wedding is more serious, while western wedding is relaxed and pleasant. These traditional wedding customs reflect the cultural differences between different regions.

中国的婚礼是比较严肃的,而西方国家的婚礼则是轻松而又愉悦的。这些传统婚礼习俗映射出不同地区之间的文化差异。

The biggest difference between Chinese and Western wedding customs is color. In China, red is known as a festive, lively, auspicious and prosperous color. On the wedding day, red is the main color, and the word "zhe" must be adhered to all kinds of items. The bride is centered on red, and the bride can only wear red clothes to get married.

在中西方婚礼习俗里最大差别是颜色,在我们中国红色被誉为是喜庆、热闹、吉利、兴盛的。在结婚当天主要以红颜色为主,各类物品上都是必须要粘着颜色为大红的“囍”字的,新娘更是以大红色为中心,新娘子只可以穿红色的衣服出嫁。

In western countries, white is the main color of wedding. The bride on the wedding day must wear white wedding dress, because white symbolizes inner loyalty.

西方国家婚礼则是以白色为主要颜色,结婚当天的新娘,必须身穿白颜色的婚纱,因为白色象征着内心的忠贞。

The custom of wearing white wedding dress in the West originated from the Victorian period in England. White wedding dress became the favorite dress for girls on the wedding day, while men in the West must wear white or black suits.

西方穿白色婚纱的习俗源于英国维多利亚时期,白色婚纱便成为女孩在结婚当天最喜欢的礼服,而西方的男士一定要身穿白色或黑色西装。

1、婚前习俗不一样

西方订婚戒,这个传统始于15世纪,当时奥地利大公麦西米伦以钻戒向玛丽许下海誓山盟。当时,他的亲信呈文献言:“殿下,在订婚时,您必须送一枚有钻石的戒指。”麦西米伦纳言。这个仪式从此流传至今,已有数世纪之久。

中方过大礼仪式,“过大礼”的仪式,这是订婚的最隆重,也是最重要的仪式;因为这仪式过后就等如正式定立了婚约。跟“过文定”一样,男家会选择一个吉日,带同聘金和各种礼品到女家;而女家亦会准备回礼礼品。

2、结婚当日流程不一样

中方,迎亲,就是在结婚之日,新郎会与媒人和亲友一起前往女家迎娶新娘。新郎前往女家之前会先到女家的祖庙行拜见之礼,然后以花轿接新娘回到男家。新人会在男家举行拜天、地、祖先的仪式,然后送入洞房。

西方:

(1)前往教堂

新人会前往教堂,到达后婚礼就正式举行。

(2)仪式开始

一般来说,西式婚礼是由牧师或神父主持的。亦有所谓的Civil Wedding,在此情况下,婚礼并没有任何的宗教仪式,那当然亦不会由牧师或神父主持了。)当牧师或神父到来时,伴郎及伴娘就会进入会场,这时也会播放或演奏进场的乐曲。而宾客即会起立;戒子童Ring Bearer 也同时会把戒子交给该牧师或神父。

跟着就会奏出婚礼进行曲,新娘会挽着她爸爸的手进场。新娘进场后,新娘的父亲就会把新娘交到新郎的手中。跟着就是最重要的时候了,全场的宾客都会肃静,而所有的奏乐也会停止。主持人会问新郎新娘会否愿意成为夫妇,这就是说I Do 我愿意的时候了!

然后是交换戒指的仪式;当然,在现今社会中,还需要签字作实,这才可以使西式婚礼具法律的约束力。

3、婚后习俗不一样

中方有三朝回门,即归宁,三朝是指婚后的第三天,新娘由丈夫的陪同下,带备烧猪及礼品回娘家祭祖,然后再随丈夫回到夫家。

西方,“蜜月”(Honeymoon)  一词的由来起源于古欧洲的习俗。新婚夫妇在婚后的30天内,或直到月缺时,每天都要喝由蜂蜜发酵制成的饮料,以增进性生活的和谐。古时候,蜂蜜是生命、健康和生育能力的象征。“蜜月”是新婚夫妇在恢复日常生活前的单独相处。

参考资料来源;百度百科-中国婚礼

百度百科-西式婚礼

隐喻的中西方文化差异Abstract: Metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a way of thinking, which is one of the basic methods for human survival and cognition. It is rooted in language, thought and culture. Through the analysis and comparison of the use and concept of metaphor in different countries, we find that its universality and commonality of the metaphor as a basic human cognitive activities. However, metaphor in different languages reflects a different way of thinking and behavior and different cultural patterns. Owing to the different two modes of thinking and culture, there are some differences in understanding and formation that can not be ignored. Therefore, this paper will discuss the questions : metaphor, cross-cultural differences, translation. 1. Preamble Metaphor is a common phenomenon, a large number of people use metaphor to express his feelings and ideas. British scientists rhetoric Richards (IARichards) once said, "We have day-to-day in almost every conversation in three sentences may be a metaphor." According to statistics, life around the use of 4,700,000 new metaphor, 2,140,000 stereotypes of metaphor. Research in recent years, there is a great metaphor. This article introduced in the definition of metaphor on the basis of summing up the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western metaphor, and that its culture, precisely because of the prevalence of metaphor, how to translate metaphor has become a very important issue in the latter part of the article is aimed at The translation of metaphor put forward a translation of the three strategies. This paper studies aimed at trying to comparative analysis of English and Chinese in a large number of day-to-day language of metaphor to express, find out the differences and similarities, in order to be able to accurately translate the article in good metaphor to explore a little. This article is about the metaphor from the point of view to explore the differences in the way Thinking allows us to a deeper understanding of language, culture, the relationship between thinking and can more clearly understand the different ethnic language, culture, way of thinking, and so on On the nature of translation. 2. Metaphors in Chinese and Western studies In 1980, Lakoff & Johnson (George Lakoff & Mark Johnson) made a "living metaphor" (Metaphors We Live By) of the book, a modern metaphor to open a new chapter in the school. Domestic academia on the "metaphor" This is also a review of the system, such as Lin Wu's book "Study abroad metaphor Looking at the" beam-setting "metaphor research," Li of China and India "The main subjects Metaphor" and so on. However, the Chinese metaphor for the academic study of rare. "Chinese scholars on the study of metaphor, I am afraid the real contribution should be through the metaphor of the Chinese characteristics of research and study, through the metaphor of the Chinese and other languages in the comparative study of metaphor, metaphor for the establishment of a more general theory of the strong, and even unique The basis. "Lin Wu in the book" metaphor of the basic research the status quo, and the focus of the trend "in the main text, put forward a model of cultural metaphors with the relationship:" The language of metaphor is the emergence of expression into the system, which not only reflects the psychological Structure, but also reflect the different cultural models also play a role. " metaphor in the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures relationship Correspond to (corresponding) refers to the relationship between the two languages, English and Chinese in the meaning and metaphor in the use of the same meaning in the culture and image, and so on and-one mapping. This is because the survival of mankind itself, as well as all the external conditions, including the geographical environment, climate change, and the whole of human society and cultural background are certain there is a common, which formed a common humanity of their own and the outside world on many issues. In the "angry" mood, the English are angry that physiological responses, such as: grind one's teeth. (Teeth), bare one's teeth. (Ziyaliezui) an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. (an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth), reflecting the Chinese culture on the basis of common experience. non-correspondence English-Chinese metaphor, after all, rooted in two different languages on the soil, resulting in very different cultural backgrounds, fully corresponds to the few metaphors, the vast majority do not have common cultural identity in order to form the corresponding non-(non-corresponding ) Relations. Non-relationship metaphor can be roughly divided into three categories: Vehicle counterpart, Yu Yi does not correspond to English and Chinese in some cases there is the same as a metaphor, but in their own language and culture in the meaning of the metaphor means is different, even different. Peacock in the Chinese culture is auspicious, a symbol of beauty, especially the Dai people to express jumped Pavaner desire to better their own. If the Chinese people will be likened to a peacock, it means that beautiful light. However, in English, peacock (Peacock) is a symbol of pride, often interpreted as arrogance, love to show off. For example, They were eager to take the young peacock down a peg. (They want to pressure a pressure that the arrogant young guy's momentum). counterpart Yu Yi, the vehicle does not correspond to English-Chinese two nations due to their differences, from different angles to look at things the same, it will be a different analogy. As a result both English and Chinese language there is a different vehicle, but Yu was referring to was basically the same as the meaning of the case, that is the same kind of non-correspondence. Such as: a person described as the hearts of anxious, restless, Chinese is "ants on the hot pan" and English is "a cat on the bricks". There are similar: To kick down the ladder. Guohechaiqiao. Yu Yu Yi and do not correspond to Some of the metaphors Yu-Yu has a meaning and it refers to the language and culture are closely related, in another culture often can not find corresponding Yu and Yu Yi, which resulted in a culture known as the default Phenomenon. For example: in English "my rib" I am referring to Yu's wife, it comes from the "Bible" story, that is, Adam (Adam)'s wife Eve (Eve) God is with a piece of Adam's rib made. The Chinese did not, "the Bible" cultural background, and there was no analogy with rib habit, so the formation of a corresponding gap. Similarly, "ugly duckling" (Ugly Duckling) refers to the metaphor will get ahead of Little, "early bird" refers to the diligent Yu, in the words into Chinese language, culture, as a result of the default, can not find a corresponding relationship between metaphor . Chinese and Western cultures in the common metaphor Metaphor and culture to a large extent, human beings have a common understanding, rooted in the people's own day-to-day experience. In this connection, often between different ethnic groups are the same. Both English and Chinese language in a lot of abstract thinking that the metaphorical expression is the same. For example: the human child in the period to form a position on the concept of input in that direction in the form of many of them easily understood, including the position expressed by metaphor, which has become a fixed pattern of thinking. For example: The term direction (up, down) to describe people's social status, physical, emotional, and other abstract concepts to the case when the good is up; Sad is down. We Chinese are also not difficult to find a similar sentence: "Gas Prices "," enhance the social status "and" vision "and" depressed. " Since the objective laws of nature with the relative unity of different cultures to understand the nature of the course is similar to the cognitive experience. in the metaphor of the difference between Chinese and Western cultures As the English-Chinese geographical and cultural differences, living in two different cultures in practice there are a lot of differences, and different life experiences and let people understand the objective world, a different language carries different nationalities Cultural characteristics and cultural information. Understanding of metaphor is not out of socio-cultural backgrounds. For example, social and cultural impact of the color words is deep-rooted, some color words in different cultures in an entirely different meaning, has a distinctive feature of our national culture. Such as: English, said in green "inexperienced" and "shallow knowledge", such as: "a green hand", "I was very green when I started working there." The Chinese like to express the meaning of the word is "yellow" Such as: "Huangmaoyatou" and "flower girl". Cultural background knowledge is the metaphor to create a rich source of thinking, as the Eastern and Western cultures are different, metaphors in English and Chinese applications there are also significant differences. The metaphor of the cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Western influence Language is a cultural change in the development of the complex, subject to political, economic, historical, environmental and other factors. Chinese and Western styles are different, but in many ways to infiltrate interaction and integration, language differences and cultural metaphor for the inevitable impact is complex and diverse. metaphorical expression of cultural conflict Different nationalities in the world to observe a different perspective and ideas, different cultures there are a lot of conflict or inconsistency metaphor. If the animal metaphors, in English Long (dragon) is a kind of evil, will belch out smoke monster. "Bible", the dragon is the devil, is a symbol of evil and terror, there is a terrible vicious meaning. The Chinese dragon is in power, the auspicious symbol of Chinese traditional culture, the Chinese have "Wangzichenglong", "descendants of the Dragon." The same analogy in different cultures, different meaning, of two cultures "Dragon" to give a different connotation. differences in living conditions caused by differences in metaphor In English is a lot of metaphor and marine-related, such as: all at sea (at a loss what to do); drink like a fish (drinking cow); fish in the air (Shuizhonglaoyue); give up the ship (give up). In Chinese, there are a lot of the horse or cattle pose a metaphor, such as: "a willing ox" (a willing horse) Gan means to serve the community; "old ox" (a working horse) refers to the hard work; "bragging "(Talk horse), and so on. This is due to different geographical location and natural environment caused by different cultural metaphor. Britain is an island, ultimately, dependent on the sea, and China is a large agricultural country, farming culture deeply feudal society. different religious and cultural differences arising from the metaphor Religious culture of human culture is an important part of it by referring to the nation's religious beliefs, such as the formation of the sense of culture, "the Bible" in the story, with its language and meaning has become a feature of daily life in the West in terms of . For example, power of the keys (the keys to the kingdom of heaven; the rights of the Pope), in the right church, but in the wrong pew (in general is right, but not the details), and so on. Chinese culture and Buddhism, Taoism and more affected by the impact of Confucianism, the Chinese, there are a lot of related argot. "Jiehuaxianfo"; "临时抱佛脚"; "做一天和尚撞一天钟" and so on. It is due to the diversity of culture, resulting in the differences between English and Chinese metaphor. This difference to the cross-cultural communication has brought the impact. As a foreign language students, do not understand the difference between metaphor and language will make mistakes, sometimes mistakenly made good as pleasant, caused by either one or both of the conversation unpleasant; also sometimes mocked as a praise. When a native language other operators do not understand the language contained in the cultural differences, it is often difficult for such language to accurately convey the meaning of the understanding, difficulty to the cross-cultural exchange. 3. Metaphor of the three methods of translation The translation of metaphor not only accurately and effectively convey the original language, but also loyal, accessible, complete reproduction of the original language and cultural connotation and significance. But in the West because of cultural differences and different, so the translation of metaphor in English on the need to consider not only its literal sense, and so on, but also in the West should pay attention to their cultural differences. American Eugene Nida said: "Translation is the exchange between the two cultures. The real success of the translation, even more familiar with the two cultures is more important to master two languages. Because only in terms of its role in the culture In the background will only be meaningful. "Therefore, the translation of metaphor to combining Chinese and Western cultures, and cultural backgrounds to leave the translation, can not be achieved between the two languages of the real exchange. Literal Translation The so-called "literal" is asked in the language when conditions permit, in the translation to maintain the original content, but also to maintain the original form, in particular, to maintain the original metaphor, the image of the nation, and other local color. In the literal translation method to maintain the original expression of the culture and at the same time, target enriched the vocabulary and expression, such as: "a Pandora's box" (Pandora's Box); "chain reaction" (chain reaction). In the original text and asked the information contained in the same culture, we should adopt the literal translation method. (1) You are my sunshine, my only sunshine. : You are my sun, my only sunshine. In Chinese and English, the sun is warm, beautiful, in both languages, they disseminate information on culture are the same. As a rule, and asked in the original text in the form of grammatical structure, similar to the style or color on basically the same, the law should adopt the literal translation. (1) He is another Shylock. : He is also a Shylock. (Note: Shakespeare's Shylock is "The Merchant of Venice" in a very harsh mean business People. ) (2) To carry coals to Newcastle. : Coal to Newcastle. (Note: "Newcastle" is a British coal, coal is superfluous here.) 4. Conclusion Metaphor as a way to figures of speech or skills, a unique feature of grammar, which features make the sentence more flexible and constructive, but the United States. Is a metaphor to express more complex ideas and things, a powerful tool. Wherever and whenever people in their daily lives are often used metaphor. As Mr. Lin Zhuang said: "The metaphor is no longer expanding his knowledge and understanding of a passive process. To help us in the form of new knowledge, the metaphor has played an active role so that we can better a better understanding of the objective world." In English and Chinese Metaphorical significance of the difference is due to cultural differences between East and West, that mode of thinking, moral values and sense of difference. However, different cultural impact of what is the concept of metaphor, it is still a need to examine and address the problem. At the same time, in the metaphor of the process of translation must pay special attention to cultural differences. The best translation is to be able to accurately reflect the true meaning of the author, as well as its cultural and stylistic characteristics of the translation, that is, the translation of metaphor to make as much as possible the original language and to achieve the target language culture, and so on.

中西方婚礼差异毕业论文英文文献

中西方结婚习俗对比与结合!自从汉武帝“废黜百家,独尊儒术”之后,世人的婚姻越来越重礼轻爱。为了促进社会的稳定,防止有人钻墙窥隙做出苟且的事,儒家特别提倡礼法制度,规定只有举行正式仪式的婚姻才被社会和家庭认可。所谓“婚姻之道,谓嫁娶之礼。”婚姻礼仪包括议婚、订婚和结婚等全部过程的礼仪程式,主要分为“成妻之礼”和“成妇之礼”。“成妻之礼”分为“六礼”,即纳采、问名、纳吉、纳征、请期和亲迎。 “成妇之礼”即拜见公婆、拜谒祖庙。婚姻大事草率不得,当事人是没有自主权的,而是由媒人与父母参预或作主~中国婚礼的产生中西婚礼文化比较自古以来,婚姻是人伦之首,更重要的是人们可以透过纷繁绚丽的婚俗,更清楚地认识人类社会历史,探索人类社会发展的基本规律。随着中国加入WTO,中国和西方国家间的经济、文化交流日渐频繁,中国和西方国家人民之间的合作和往来与日俱增,这种要求更显迫切。而对西方国家文化、风俗习惯的了解仅限于课堂是远远不够的,因此开展对西方国家文化、风俗习惯的研究,所以我们选择此课题作为研究对象。几乎在每一种社会文化中,都有举办婚礼的习俗。人类似乎天生就有这么一种需要:用婚礼将丈夫和妻子之间的关系公开确定下来。但是,婚礼的形式却随着人类社会的进展不断地发生着变化,不过万变不离其宗,所有婚礼习俗中都设计了一些颇有难度的环节。西方在19世纪以前,少女们出嫁时所穿的新娘礼服没有统一颜色规格,直到1820年前后,白色才逐渐成为婚礼上广为人用的礼服颜色。这是因为英国的维多利亚女王在婚礼上穿了一身洁白雅致的婚纱。从此,白色婚纱便成为一种正式的结婚礼服。中西文化的差异表现在很多的方面,婚礼是其一。这主要是来自与中西不同的文化背景和历史背景,在不同的思想和风俗的作用下,慢慢演化而成的。但不论在哪个国家,婚礼都充满了祝福和笑声

首先,是在传统结婚仪式上面。中国的传统婚俗有“三书六礼”“三拜九叩”这些繁俗礼节。所谓“三书”,就是指聘书、礼书、迎亲书。(聘书:订亲之书,男女双方正式缔结婚约。纳吉(过文定)时用。 礼书:过礼之书,即礼物清单,详尽列明礼物种类及数量。纳征(过大礼)时用。 迎亲书:迎娶新娘之书。结婚当日(亲迎)接新娘过门时用。)而“六礼”是指纳采、问名、纳吉、纳征、请期、亲迎。(纳采:古时婚礼之首,属意女方时,延请媒人作谋,谓之纳采,今称「提亲」。 问名:男方探问女方之姓名及生日时辰,以卜吉兆,谓之问名,今称「合八字」。 纳吉:问名若属吉兆,遣媒人致赠薄礼,谓之纳吉,今称「过文定」或「小定」。 纳征:奉送礼金、礼饼、礼物及祭品等,即正式送聘礼,谓纳征,今称「过大礼」。 请期:由男家请算命先生择日,谓之请期,又称「乞日」、今称 「择日」。 亲迎:新郎乘礼车,赴女家迎接新娘,谓之亲迎。)而在这之间更有换庚谱、过文定、过大礼、安床等一系列的活动。而在这些活动中有着大量的禁忌和礼俗,比如新娘嫁妆中要有剪刀(蝴蝶双飞)、痰盂(子孙桶)、尺(良田万顷)、片糖(甜甜蜜蜜)、银包皮带(腰缠万贯)、花瓶(花开富贵)、铜盆及鞋(同偕到老)、龙凤被、床单及枕头一对、两双用红绳捆着的筷子及碗(有衣食)、七十二套衣服,用扁柏、莲子、龙眼及利是伴着(丰衣足食)等物,每样物品都有其不同的含义。同时,在婚礼进行时也有一定的顺序,按一般的情况,在整个婚礼过程中有:祭祖(男方在出门迎娶新娘之前,先祭拜祖先。)、出发(迎亲车队以双数为佳。)、燃炮(迎亲礼车行列在途中,应一路燃放鞭炮以示庆贺。)、等待新郎(礼车至女方家时,会有一男童侍持茶盘等候新郎,新郎下车后,应赏男孩红包答礼,再进入女方家。)、讨喜(新郎应持捧花给房中待嫁之新娘,此时,新娘之闺中密友要拦住新郎,不准其见到新娘,女方可提出条件要新郎答应,通过后才得进入。)、拜别(新人上香祭祖,新娘应叩拜父母道别,并由父亲盖上头纱,而新郎仅鞠躬行礼即可。)、出门(新娘应由福高德劭女性长辈持竹筛或黑伞护其走至礼车,因为新娘子在结婚当天的地位比谁都大,因此不得与天争大。)、礼车( 在新娘上礼车后,车开动不久,女方家长应将一碗清水、白米撒在车后,代表女儿已是泼出去的水,以后的一切再也不予过问,并祝女儿事事有成,有吃有穿。)、掷扇(礼车起动后,新娘应将扇子丢到窗外,意谓不将坏性子带到婆家去,扇子由新娘的兄弟拾回,掷扇后必须哭几声,且在礼车之后盖「竹筛」以象征繁荣。)、燃炮(由女方家至男方家的途中,同样要一路燃放礼炮。)、摸橘子(迎新车队到达新郎家时,由一位拿着橘子或苹果的小孩来迎接新人,新娘要轻摸一下橘子,并赠红包答礼。这两个橘子要放到晚上,让新娘亲自剥皮,意谓招来「长寿」。)、牵新娘(新娘由礼车走出时,应由男方一位有福气之长辈持竹筛顶在新娘头上,并扶新娘进入大厅。进门时,新人绝不可踩门槛,而应横跨过去。)、喜宴(时下颇流行中西合壁式的婚礼,大都在晚上宴请客人同时举行观礼仪式,在喜宴上,新娘可褪去新娘礼服,换上晚礼服向各桌一一敬酒。)、送客(喜宴完毕后,新人立于家门口送客,须端着盛香烟、喜糖之茶盘。)、闹洞房(新人被整之灾情大小,端视新人是否曾在其他的婚礼上戏弄别人,或平素待人够不够忠厚等。)、三朝回门(在婚后第三天,新妇由夫婿陪同下,带备烧猪及礼品回娘家 祭祖,甚至小住一段日子,然后再随夫婿回家。)。有此可以见到我国文化的繁琐,但不要以为繁琐是我国婚礼的特有特征,其实,不同国家虽然有不同的婚俗,但从繁复的细节与用品的喻意,都可见对婚姻的尊重和期许无分国界。在西方国家中,婚礼时有旧(Something Old)、新(Something New)、借(Something Borrowed)、蓝(Something Blue)等习俗。旧是指母亲传下来之婚纱,头饰或首饰,代表承受美好的一切;新是指朋友送的礼物如裙子,饰物,象征新的生活;借是指可向任何人借东西回来,据说从富裕亲友借来金或银放在鞋内,象征带来财运;蓝是指新娘的一些小饰物或花束用蓝色,意味着新娘的纯洁及贞洁。而在进行婚礼时,西方亦有大量的习俗。比如,在结婚时新娘总要带着一方手帕,西方人认为白手帕象征好运。根据民俗说法,农夫认为新娘在磨擦婚当天所流下的泪能使天降甘露,滋润家作物。后来,新娘在新婚汉天流泪,就变成她将有幸福婚姻的好兆头。而在婚礼典礼时,新娘总是站在新郎的左边,据说,古时候,盎格鲁撒克逊的新郎必须保护新娘子免得被别人抢走。在结婚典礼时,新郎让新娘站在自己左边,一旦情敌出现,就可以立即挥出配带于右边的剑,吓退敌人。在进行结婚晚宴时,要特别定制结婚蛋糕,根据历史记载,自罗马时代开始,婚礼结束时,人们会在新娘头上折断一条面包的材料----小麦象征生育能力,面包屑则代表着幸运。新人必须以糖霜,就形成今天的结婚蛋糕了。由此可见,西方的婚俗并不比中方简洁。其次是在服装方面。在进行婚礼不只是有仪式习俗需要遵守,在穿着方面也有讲究。中国传统婚礼进行时新郎和新娘具着红色的礼服,象征的吉祥如意,预示在结婚后日子红红火火。而西方的新娘则穿白色的礼服。自罗马时代开始,白色象征欢庆。1850年到1900年之间,白色亦是富贵的象征。到了本世纪初,白色所代表的纯洁意义更远超其他。西方认为白色与童贞有关。古罗马的新娘穿着白色的婚纱,蒙着鲜橙黄色的面纱,象征着激情的火焰。在西方的天主教传统里,白色代表着快乐;其他一些地区,白色在他们的婚礼和葬礼里指示各种各样的通路典礼和意义。例如,在安达曼群岛(Andaman Islanders),白色代表一种地位的变化。“传统”的白色结婚礼服,在早期是贵族的特权。在多利亚女王时代,大多数的新娘只能穿传统的国家服装,只有上层阶级才能穿代表权力和身份的白色婚纱。一直到近代,贵族阶级的特权消失以后,白色的婚纱才成为普通新娘的礼服。而相对于西方白色婚纱的历史,中国婚礼中的大红色的凤袍的历史则较简单。龙凤在中国的神话中有着重要的地位。龙主阳凤主阴,而阳则代表男子,阴就表示女子。因此新娘就用凤表示。所以在红色的礼服上绣着凤也就很容易理解了。还有就是在一些小的习惯上面,中西方的婚俗有相似的地方。例如,中国古代有抛绣球迎亲的习俗;而西方的新郎新娘在教堂举行婚礼后,会把手中的鲜花抛向空中,如果有人接到的话就预示着他将很快结婚。中西方在婚俗上面有以上种种的差异,这和中西方人在思想思维的差异有直接的联系。中国人比较保守,喜欢热闹,思维较古板,所以在中国历史几千年的时间里整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。直到近代西方的文化传入以后,中国的传统文化才开始向西方转化,但在很大的程度上任有中国传统婚俗的礼仪。而中国人爱热闹的性格在中国传统婚礼中可以得到充分的体现。除了中西方都有的结婚晚宴以外,在中国的传统婚俗中,还有一个为新娘饯行的结婚午宴。其次在婚宴结束以后,新人的亲朋好友会去新房中闹洞房。认为在新房中越热闹,新人在婚后的生活越幸福。因此闹新房的成员们无不用所其极,用种种方法刁难新郎新娘。西方人的思想则比较开放,对于婚礼的要求也比较低,他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中:随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》步入鲜红的地毯,娇美的新娘手挽着父亲捧玫瑰慢慢向新郎走去,新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在新郎的手上,将女儿的一生托付给你,所有人的目光注视着这对新人,幸福洋溢在他们的脸上。她是今天最美的新娘。 在神圣的教堂上空,他们的誓言在回荡,带上永结同心的婚戒,只到神父说:“你可以亲吻你的新娘了…… 结婚是一生的盟约,你是要为之坚守一辈子的誓言。 主耶稣说:上帝所配合的人便不可分开。 这一生一世的爱情,因为今天而完美。”然后新郎新娘或是去晚宴地点或是去渡蜜月,并没有中国传统婚俗的种种礼节。另一个造成中西方差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。中国是以佛教为主,而西方则是基督教为主的。所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地,拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。西方的婚礼是属于浪漫型的,整个婚礼从开始到结束到充满了浪漫气息。新娘的礼服一般为白色,新郎是黑色的礼服,使整个婚礼显的庄重严肃.到教堂去举行结婚仪式是整个婚礼最重要的环节.首先,随着婚礼进行曲的节奏,新娘挽她的父亲的手走到新郎面前,由她的父亲将她亲手交到新郎手中.牧师会要求新郎新娘对对方作出一辈子的承诺,这也是整个婚礼的高潮.然后他们会在牧师和众人的祝福下,交换结婚戒指并亲吻对方。而新娘手中的花球也不是一般的装饰用品.在婚礼结束时,新娘就会抛给到场的女宾客,如果谁接到花球,谁就是下一个结婚的人,这就使整个婚礼在欢声笑语中结束了。中国的婚礼就不同于西方,整个婚礼的主色调是红色,这也是中国的传统的代表喜气的颜色。这也就使婚礼变的喜气洋洋.在传统婚礼中,新娘一般穿着红色罗衣,头戴凤冠,上面还有一块红色丝巾.而新郎就穿着红色的长衫马褂,头戴红色大沿帽。新娘乘着大红花轿在后,新郎骑着马在前,随着红娘和迎亲队伍到新郎家中拜堂.双方家长坐在上堂,而新郎新娘在下堂成婚.整个婚礼由司仪主持,在他的指挥下,新郎新娘一拜天地,下拜高堂,然后夫妻对拜,送入洞房.闹洞房是婚礼的高潮,新娘先回洞房等待新郎,而新郎就在外招待客人,酒足饭饱后,新郎在一大堆人的簇拥下来到洞房.众人就开始闹洞房了,新郎新娘在大家的起哄下做各种游戏……这样整个婚礼就在一片笑声中结束了。

中西文化风俗 比较研究之婚礼篇 【研究课题】 中西方文化风俗比较研究----婚礼 THE COMPARISON AND STUDY OF THE CHINESE AND WESTERN CULTURAL CUSTOMS——NUPTIAL 【研究背景】 随着中国加入WTO,中西方交流日益紧密,为了更好的了解、学习西方风俗文化,加强对中西方历史的学习,达到扩大同学眼界的目的。我们就提出了这个课题。 【研究目的】 通过对中西方风俗文化的研究,我们能更全面的了解西方历史,学习他们的优点,达到扬长补短的目的。同时,通过课题研究,还可以培养我们的社会实践能力,为我们以后踏上工作岗位奠定基础。 【活动分工】 婚礼服装:张勤梅、沈 茜 婚 俗:鲍 君、陈静娟 婚礼饮食:任 颍、姚娟娟 课件制作:肖 慜、赵皙萍 【指导老师】 吴伟钢 【研究过程】 研究一:西方的婚礼是属于浪漫型的,整个婚礼从开始到结束到充满了浪漫气息。新娘的礼服一般为白色,新郎是黑色的礼服,使整个婚礼显的庄重严肃.到教堂去举行结婚仪式是整个婚礼最重要的环节.首先,随着婚礼进行曲的节奏,新娘挽她的父亲的手走到新郎面前,由她的父亲将她亲手交到新郎手中.牧师会要求新郎新娘对对方作出一辈子的承诺,这也是整个婚礼的高潮.然后他们会在牧师和众人的祝福下,交换结婚戒指并亲吻对方。而新娘手中的花球也不是一般的装饰用品.在婚礼结束时,新娘就会抛给到场的女宾客,如果谁接到花球,谁就是下一个结婚的人,这就使整个婚礼在欢声笑语中结束了。 研究二:中国的婚礼就不同于西方,整个婚礼的主色调是红色,这也是中国的传统的代表喜气的颜色。这也就使婚礼变的喜气洋洋.在传统婚礼中,新娘一般穿着红色罗衣,头戴凤冠,上面还有一块红色丝巾.而新郎就穿着红色的长衫马褂,头戴红色大沿帽。新娘乘着大红花轿在后,新郎骑着马在前,随着红娘和迎亲队伍到新郎家中拜堂.双方家长坐在上堂,而新郎新娘在下堂成婚.整个婚礼由司仪主持,在他的指挥下,新郎新娘一拜天地,下拜高堂,然后夫妻对拜,送入洞房.闹洞房是婚礼的高潮,新娘先回洞房等待新郎,而新郎就在外招待客人,酒足饭饱后,新郎在一大堆人的簇拥下来到洞房.众人就开始闹洞房了,新郎新娘在大家的起哄下做各种游戏……这样整个婚礼就在一片笑声中结束了。 通过研究中西方婚礼的差异,我了解了他们各自的特点:西方的婚礼是纯洁浪漫的,而中国的婚礼是喜气洋洋的;西方的婚礼看重的是感觉,而中国看重的是仪式。中西方由于他们的风俗习惯不同,也就形成了有各自特点的婚礼风俗.虽然有着不同的习俗,但是无论是哪里的婚礼都充满了祝福和笑声。 【英文概要】 As China has been a member of the international group WTO, the connection between China and the western world becomes closer and closer. In order to get a better understanding of each other, we set the research topic, -to learn the custom and culture of the western world. Through the research and study of the comparison of the different customs and culture between China and the western world, we can know more about the western history and learn the advantage of theirs. By studying this, we can be more couple of dealing with problems and difficulties as well. 【学生论文】 中西方风俗文化比较研究——婚礼 ——课题总结报告 肖 慜 随着中国加入WTO,中西方交流日益紧密,为了更好的了解、学习西方风俗文化,加强对中西方历史的学习,达到扩大同学眼界的目的。我们就提出了这个课题。 通过对中西方风俗文化的研究,我们能更全面的了解西方历史,学习他们的优点,达到扬长补短的目的。同时,通过课题研究,还可以培养我们的社会实践能力,为我们以后踏上工作岗位奠定基础。 我们这个课题以婚礼为主线,通过对中西方婚礼的异同点进行对比比较和研究,以此反映出中西方不同种族之间的差异。 首先,是在传统结婚仪式上面。中国的传统婚俗有“三书六礼”“三拜九叩”这些繁俗礼节。所谓“三书”,就是指聘书、礼书、迎亲书。(聘书:订亲之书,男女双方正式缔结婚约。纳吉(过文定)时用。 礼书:过礼之书,即礼物清单,详尽列明礼物种类及数量。纳征(过大礼)时用。 迎亲书:迎娶新娘之书。结婚当日(亲迎)接新娘过门时用。)而“六礼”是指纳采、问名、纳吉、纳征、请期、亲迎。(纳采:古时婚礼之首,属意女方时,延请媒人作谋,谓之纳采,今称「提亲」。 问名:男方探问女方之姓名及生日时辰,以卜吉兆,谓之问名,今称「合八字」。 纳吉:问名若属吉兆,遣媒人致赠薄礼,谓之纳吉,今称「过文定」或「小定」。 纳征:奉送礼金、礼饼、礼物及祭品等,即正式送聘礼,谓纳征,今称「过大礼」。 请期:由男家请算命先生择日,谓之请期,又称「乞日」、今称 「择日」。 亲迎:新郎乘礼车,赴女家迎接新娘,谓之亲迎。)而在这之间更有换庚谱、过文定、过大礼、安床等一系列的活动。而在这些活动中有着大量的禁忌和礼俗,比如新娘嫁妆中要有剪刀(蝴蝶双飞)、痰盂(子孙桶)、尺(良田万顷)、片糖(甜甜蜜蜜)、银包皮带(腰缠万贯)、花瓶(花开富贵)、铜盆及鞋(同偕到老)、龙凤被、床单及枕头一对、两双用红绳捆着的筷子及碗(有衣食)、七十二套衣服,用扁柏、莲子、龙眼及利是伴着(丰衣足食)等物,每样物品都有其不同的含义。同时,在婚礼进行时也有一定的顺序,按一般的情况,在整个婚礼过程中有:祭祖(男方在出门迎娶新娘之前,先祭拜祖先。)、出发(迎亲车队以双数为佳。)、燃炮(迎亲礼车行列在途中,应一路燃放鞭炮以示庆贺。)、等待新郎(礼车至女方家时,会有一男童侍持茶盘等候新郎,新郎下车后,应赏男孩红包答礼,再进入女方家。)、讨喜(新郎应持捧花给房中待嫁之新娘,此时,新娘之闺中密友要拦住新郎,不准其见到新娘,女方可提出条件要新郎答应,通过后才得进入。)、拜别(新人上香祭祖,新娘应叩拜父母道别,并由父亲盖上头纱,而新郎仅鞠躬行礼即可。)、出门(新娘应由福高德劭女性长辈持竹筛或黑伞护其走至礼车,因为新娘子在结婚当天的地位比谁都大,因此不得与天争大。)、礼车( 在新娘上礼车后,车开动不久,女方家长应将一碗清水、白米撒在车后,代表女儿已是泼出去的水,以后的一切再也不予过问,并祝女儿事事有成,有吃有穿。)、掷扇(礼车起动后,新娘应将扇子丢到窗外,意谓不将坏性子带到婆家去,扇子由新娘的兄弟拾回,掷扇后必须哭几声,且在礼车之后盖「竹筛」以象征繁荣。)、燃炮(由女方家至男方家的途中,同样要一路燃放礼炮。)、摸橘子(迎新车队到达新郎家时,由一位拿着橘子或苹果的小孩来迎接新人,新娘要轻摸一下橘子,并赠红包答礼。这两个橘子要放到晚上,让新娘亲自剥皮,意谓招来「长寿」。)、牵新娘(新娘由礼车走出时,应由男方一位有福气之长辈持竹筛顶在新娘头上,并扶新娘进入大厅。进门时,新人绝不可踩门槛,而应横跨过去。)、喜宴(时下颇流行中西合壁式的婚礼,大都在晚上宴请客人同时举行观礼仪式,在喜宴上,新娘可褪去新娘礼服,换上晚礼服向各桌一一敬酒。)、送客(喜宴完毕后,新人立于家门口送客,须端着盛香烟、喜糖之茶盘。)、闹洞房(新人被整之灾情大小,端视新人是否曾在其他的婚礼上戏弄别人,或平素待人够不够忠厚等。)、三朝回门(在婚后第三天,新妇由夫婿陪同下,带备烧猪及礼品回娘家 祭祖,甚至小住一段日子,然后再随夫婿回家。)。有此可以见到我国文化的繁琐,但不要以为繁琐是我国婚礼的特有特征,其实,不同国家虽然有不同的婚俗,但从繁复的细节与用品的喻意,都可见对婚姻的尊重和期许无分国界。在西方国家中,婚礼时有旧(Something Old)、新(Something New)、借(Something Borrowed)、蓝(Something Blue)等习俗。旧是指母亲传下来之婚纱,头饰或首饰,代表承受美好的一切;新是指朋友送的礼物如裙子,饰物,象征新的生活;借是指可向任何人借东西回来,据说从富裕亲友借来金或银放在鞋内,象征带来财运;蓝是指新娘的一些小饰物或花束用蓝色,意味着新娘的纯洁及贞洁。而在进行婚礼时,西方亦有大量的习俗。比如,在结婚时新娘总要带着一方手帕,西方人认为白手帕象征好运。根据民俗说法,农夫认为新娘在磨擦婚当天所流下的泪能使天降甘露,滋润家作物。后来,新娘在新婚汉天流泪,就变成她将有幸福婚姻的好兆头。而在婚礼典礼时,新娘总是站在新郎的左边,据说,古时候,盎格鲁撒克逊的新郎必须保护新娘子免得被别人抢走。在结婚典礼时,新郎让新娘站在自己左边,一旦情敌出现,就可以立即挥出配带于右边的剑,吓退敌人。在进行结婚晚宴时,要特别定制结婚蛋糕,根据历史记载,自罗马时代开始,婚礼结束时,人们会在新娘头上折断一条面包的材料----小麦象征生育能力,面包屑则代表着幸运。新人必须以糖霜,就形成今天的结婚蛋糕了。由此可见,西方的婚俗并不比中方简洁。 其次是在服装方面。在进行婚礼不只是有仪式习俗需要遵守,在穿着方面也有讲究。中国传统婚礼进行时新郎和新娘具着红色的礼服,象征的吉祥如意,预示在结婚后日子红红火火。而西方的新娘则穿白色的礼服。自罗马时代开始,白色象征欢庆。1850年到1900年之间,白色亦是富贵的象征。到了本世纪初,白色所代表的纯洁意义更远超其他。西方认为白色与童贞有关。古罗马的新娘穿着白色的婚纱,蒙着鲜橙黄色的面纱,象征着激情的火焰。在西方的天主教传统里,白色代表着快乐;其他一些地区,白色在他们的婚礼和葬礼里指示各种各样的通路典礼和意义。例如,在安达曼群岛(Andaman Islanders),白色代表一种地位的变化。“传统”的白色结婚礼服,在早期是贵族的特权。在多利亚女王时代,大多数的新娘只能穿传统的国家服装,只有上层阶级才能穿代表权力和身份的白色婚纱。一直到近代,贵族阶级的特权消失以后,白色的婚纱才成为普通新娘的礼服。而相对于西方白色婚纱的历史,中国婚礼中的大红色的凤袍的历史则较简单。龙凤在中国的神话中有着重要的地位。龙主阳凤主阴,而阳则代表男子,阴就表示女子。因此新娘就用凤表示。所以在红色的礼服上绣着凤也就很容易理解了。 还有就是在一些小的习惯上面,中西方的婚俗有相似的地方。例如,中国古代有抛绣球迎亲的习俗;而西方的新郎新娘在教堂举行婚礼后,会把手中的鲜花抛向空中,如果有人接到的话就预示着他将很快结婚。 中西方在婚俗上面有以上种种的差异,这和中西方人在思想思维的差异有直接的联系。中国人比较保守,喜欢热闹,思维较古板,所以在中国历史几千年的时间里整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。直到近代西方的文化传入以后,中国的传统文化才开始向西方转化,但在很大的程度上任有中国传统婚俗的礼仪。而中国人爱热闹的性格在中国传统婚礼中可以得到充分的体现。除了中西方都有的结婚晚宴以外,在中国的传统婚俗中,还有一个为新娘饯行的结婚午宴。其次在婚宴结束以后,新人的亲朋好友会去新房中闹洞房。认为在新房中越热闹,新人在婚后的生活越幸福。因此闹新房的成员们无不用所其极,用种种方法刁难新郎新娘。西方人的思想则比较开放,对于婚礼的要求也比较低,他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中:随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》步入鲜红的地毯,娇美的新娘手挽着父亲捧玫瑰慢慢向新郎走去,新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在新郎的手上,将女儿的一生托付给你,所有人的目光注视着这对新人,幸福洋溢在他们的脸上。她是今天最美的新娘。 在神圣的教堂上空,他们的誓言在回荡,带上永结同心的婚戒,只到神父说:“你可以亲吻你的新娘了…… 结婚是一生的盟约,你是要为之坚守一辈子的誓言。 主耶稣说:上帝所配合的人便不可分开。 这一生一世的爱情,因为今天而完美。”然后新郎新娘或是去晚宴地点或是去渡蜜月,并没有中国传统婚俗的种种礼节。另一个造成中西方差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。中国是以佛教为主,而西方则是基督教为主的。所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地,拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。 综上所述,中西方婚礼的差异主要是来自于中西方不同的文化背景和历史背景。在不用的思想和风俗的作用的下,慢慢演化而成。同时在宗教和神话的影响下,各种各样的小风俗和习惯在婚礼过程中渐渐形成。 【感悟与体会】 中西方文化风俗差异面面观 肖 慜 中国是四大古国之一,有着悠久灿烂的文明,纵观中国五千年历史。自炎黄帝破龙族建华夏族以来,龙的传人在神州大地上孕育了卓越的文化。 首先是在服装上,殷商、秦汉、魏晋南北朝、唐、宋、明、清皆有其独特的服装特色。根据其作用又分为朝服、冕服、蚕服、庙服、礼服等。 其次是在饮食上,中国的菜有着悠久的历史,更已成为中国的国粹,流传世界。而中国食品更是享益世界,包子、饺子、面条也已成为中国食品的象征而受到全世界的欢迎。 然后是在风俗上,中国古代有着繁杂的风俗。单是一个婚礼,就有着三书六礼等种种规定,其内更有拜别、出门、掷扇……各种习俗正是体现了中国文化的悠久,在长久的生活中逐渐演化而成。 西方欧美等国家,也有着长久的历史。在西方特定的环境熏陶中,诞生了与中国各具特色的文化。 首先,在服饰上,西方的服装比中国打更复杂、更华丽、颜色较鲜艳。与中国的服装相比,体现出了西方人的烈情、思想较同时代的中国人先进,而中国人则体现了东方人的传统:朴素、保守、内向。 其次在饮食上,西方人以小麦以主,主食面包、牛奶及各种肉类。而东方人则以稻米为主,主食素食。这些差异起源于东西方的地理及人口差异,而西方人以咖啡为饮料,有别于中国的茶,咖啡味道更浓郁、口味更强,符合西方人的性格特点 最后是在风俗上,在婚礼中中国人喜好红色,代表喜气、吉祥。而西方人更偏向白色,以衬托出真挚爱情。相对于西方人,更体现了中国人的保守。 通过种种对比,将中西方文化风俗的差异通过大概的罗列和比较,可以得出中西方人的文化差异来自于中西方人不同的性格特点。 经过这次研究实践,增长了我们的知识,开扩了我的视野,开阔了我们的眼界,增加了我们的经验积累,培养了我们的能力,对我们的成长有着极大的益处。 研究中西文化风俗(婚礼服装)有感 沈 茜 中西文化风俗在各个方面都有着截然不同的差异,当然也有相同或相似的一面。经过今一个学期的学习研究,发现了许多有关中西文化风俗关于婚仪方面的差异。 现在我就举一些例子吧: 比如以浪漫著称的法国就被称为白色婚姻,白色是浪漫的法国婚礼的住色调;在菲律宾,观礼的嘉宾会轮流与新郎跳舞,并把金钱钉在他们的衣服上,有时后候双方亲戚朋友还会比赛哪方得到的金钱多。韩国的婚礼服装也挺有特色,值得一提——“两点”,新娘韩国新郎会穿上大礼服,新娘的嫁衣则是七彩的丝织服,配以长袖子和黑丝顶冠,这以阿拉伯的婚礼服装我认为是挺相似的,因为阿拉伯的新娘会穿着华丽的土耳其长袖袍子,不同的是视礼的女士会依习俗为新娘出嫁而恸哭,所以阿拉伯的婚礼又称为“恸哭”,当然这与我所谈论的服装无关。 服装是一种身份地位的象徽,一种符号,它代表个人的政治地位和社会地位,使人人各受本分,不得替越。因此,自古国君为政之首,服装是很重要的一项,服装制度得以完成,政治次序也就完成了一部分。所以人们就把服装分类,分为男服装饰和女服装饰这当然是起码的。所谓冕服是男服服饰的一种,是最隆重的典礼礼服,自天子至百官均服之.这与我们女服服饰中的讳衣是差不多的。为次于冕服的第二等礼服为朝服…… 服装是时代更新的产物,服装随着潮流的向前发展而推陈出新。中西文化的服装是永远值得研究的话题。 研究中西方文化风俗(婚礼风俗)有感 鲍 君 中国文化风俗历史悠久。经过这段时间结合西方文化风俗的研究,让我知道了更多有关世界各国的文化风俗,对这个世界认识了更多。也从中得到不少乐趣。由其是婚礼风俗,真的是各有其乐。 说到中国的传统婚礼,人们便会想到一些“三拜九叩”这些繁俗礼节,而异国婚俗呢?人们除了想到婚纱,教堂,牧师之外,便不会有太多的印象。但就因为民族,文化的差异性,使得各地的婚俗都呈现出很大的不同,然而正是这些绚丽多姿、五彩缤纷的婚俗习惯构成了人类社会中一道亮丽的风景线。 中国的传统婚俗中,从整个迎娶有15个过程,首先男方要祭祖,然后出发迎娶,在一路燃放鞭炮以示庆贺。女方在出嫁时也有着很大的规矩。看来他们都要忙上一整天了。 在中国的传统婚俗中还有着独特的“三朝回门”,即在婚后等三天,新妇由夫婿陪同下,带着烧 猪及礼品回娘家,祭祖,甚至小住一段日子,然后随夫婿回家。 在西方也有着他们特点,比如希腊要在手套中的糖,希腊的新娘子回在手套中放一些糖,代表把甜蜜带进婚眼生活.希腊人喜欢在婚礼中跳传统的国舞招待宾客.婚礼举行时,其中一项程序是由诗歌班的领唱者训示新郎要好好保护妻子,新娘子则会拍新郎的脚掌以示尊重.新人会用薄纱包裹着糖衣的扁桃仁,然后分派给宾客,以象征丰足和美满. 看来文化风俗真是悠远流长. 研究中西方文化风俗(婚礼风俗)有感 陈静娟 文化风俗有着源远流长的历史。研究中西方文化风俗更有着重大的意义,通过上学期的研究学习,让我认识到了中西方文化有着截然不同的区别。 通过网上查询、藏书资料及专家采访,我们获得了很多有关中西方文化风俗的资料。特别是对婚礼风俗的研究,我们有着更深一层的了解。 中国的婚礼风俗仍保持着传统的风格。婚礼讲究排场,婚前的一系列的礼节更是让人眼花缭乱:三书六礼、换庚谱、过文定、过大礼、安床、嫁妆、上头、迎亲……有些地方的人对于这种风俗很讲究,要结婚,则结婚前的程序一个也不能少。五十六个民族,五十六个风俗,对于同一个礼节,都有不同的对待方法。如求婚、结婚仪式…… 而西方的婚礼风俗则是浪漫式的,婚礼重在礼而不在乎排场。婚前礼节也没那么复杂。一切都爱轻松自在的气氛下进行。而结婚在西方国家也是各国有各国的独特的方式。如:法国的白色为婚礼的主色调。无论是布置用的鲜花,还是新娘的服饰。可以看出法国人眼中的婚姻应该是纯洁无暇的,而新人用的杯子,也有特定的名称,名为“Coupdemarriage”,意思为“婚礼之杯”。而德国人的“疯狂”与德国人一直崇高的理智与冷静不同。他们的婚礼更多呈现出疯狂的一面。德国人在婚礼中会举行party(派队),派对中,新人会被戏弄。这类似于我们中国的“闹洞房”,其中重头节目就是兴高采烈地将碟子掷碎……西方给东方人带来的最亮点大概就是举行教堂婚礼了,随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》,步入鲜红的地毯,娇美的新娘手挽着父亲,捧着玫瑰慢慢向你走来。新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在你的手上,将女儿的一生托付给你,带上永结同心的婚戒……这种场面与中国的“三跪六叩”大相径庭。 文化风俗是个永恒不变的主题,婚礼更是主题的精髓。通过这次对中西方婚礼风俗的研究,让我的眼界更为开阔。 体会中西风俗 朱 伟 中国有着悠久的历史。就拿婚礼来说,大约已有2000年了吧! 结婚的仪式多种多样。有祭祖男方在出门迎娶新娘之前,先要祭拜祖先。出发时迎亲车队以双数为佳,在迎亲礼车行列的途中,应在路边燃放鞭炮以示庆贺。 在礼车至女方家时,会有一男童端着茶盘等候新郎,新郎下车后,应赏男孩红包答礼。在进入女方家,新郎应持捧花给房中待嫁之新娘。此时,新娘之闺中密友要拦住新郎,不准其见到新娘,妨可提出条件要新郎答应通过后才得进入,其后还要拜别。出门,礼车,掷扇,燃炮,摸撙子(迎新车队到达新郎家时,由一位拿着橘子或苹果的小孩来迎接新人,新娘要轻摸一下橘子,并赠红包答礼。这两个橘子要放到晚上,让新娘亲自剥皮,意谓招来“长寿”)牵新娘,喜宴,送客,闹洞房等。 除上述还有三书六礼:聘书、礼书、迎亲书、纳采、问各纳吉、纳征、请期、亲迎。 在婚礼上还有不少礼节,如:吃香蕉、点火柴、夹弹子、对诗比赛、夫妻识字、等等。 通过这次研究,我才发现中国的礼节实在是太繁杂了,从而也可以发现中国的文化是多么的悠久。 研究中西文化风俗有感 赵皙萍 中国有5000多年的历史,因而也形成了自己独特的文化风俗,而西方在期快速发展的同时,也形成了具有自己特色的文化。随着中西方交流的日益加强,中西方的风俗的区别也日见明显。 研究中国与西方风俗的区别,是我门研究的目的。而我们对其的研究重点就是婚礼。婚礼无论对于中国还是西方,都有着重要的意义,因此也显的特别隆重。中国婚礼相比较之下就显的比较繁琐。首先,等婚约确定后,男家择吉日举行婚礼。男方要送上衣物 、首饰 、洋酒等,这是过小礼,之前还有过大礼。传统婚俗就有三书六礼、换庚谱、过大礼、安床、嫁妆、上头、迎亲……这才完成一个婚礼,而西方则显的简单多了。男女方先订婚,布置新房,准备婚礼,进入教堂就可以了。 提到中国的婚礼,人们首先想到的应该是喜气洋洋,到处都是红色,戴着凤冠,披着霞披,盖着红头巾坐在花轿里的新娘和骑着马的新郎。而西方的婚礼就显的更为浪漫。白色的婚纱,笔挺的西服,白色的汽球和庄严的承诺。 这些都体现了中西方的区别,中国的喜气,西方的浪漫……。通过对这一些的研究,我们对中西方的婚礼由感性变为理性,对此也有了很多自己的感想连带着。我们对中西方的冈俗也有了比较立体的理解。这也就达到了此次研究的目的。 中西婚姻观 姚娟娟 “三书六礼”是中国的传统婚礼。六礼是娶妻时所奉行的六项礼节仪式,三书是奉行六礼时应具备的文书,也是保障婚姻效力的文字记录。 中国传统婚姻的目的,主要是为了广家族、繁子孙,同时用来维护及提高家族名望及地位。由于婚姻会为家族增加一名外姓女子为成员,所以男家在选择媳妇方面特别严谨,以免有辱家声。因此,家族娶媳妇远比个人娶妻子来得重要。婚姻被视为家庭的要事,而非个人的私事,男女间的爱情并不能作为婚姻的首要依据。婚姻是要由父母作主,由第三者公开撮合,经礼聘迎娶的仪式和程序而实现,这就是所谓的“父母之命”、“明媒正娶”和“门当户对”等规限的定义。另外,在早期的社会中,除了“明媒正娶”外,也有纳妾、入赘和童养媳等嫁娶方式。在理论上,纳妾是要经正室准许,男方才能有第二个妻子,但事实上女方是没有选择的权利: 西方人对婚姻的态度很开放,结婚对人们来说,并不是爱情的最终出路,人们很多时会以「同居」作为试探对方是否真的可以作为永久的伴侣。而且,结婚不是由父母作主,男女透过恋爱而结为夫妻,盲婚哑嫁是极少见的。 男女结婚的目的,也不一样。中国传统婚姻的目的,主要是为了广家族、繁子孙,同时用来维护及提高家族名望及地位,但西方人结婚,多是希望他们的恋爱有个完满结果。他们的婚礼,不采取中国传统仪式,也有在教堂进行。比中国传统婚礼多了一份浪漫,少了一份约束。 哦!原来够识广的我,殊不知中西方风俗也有这样的不解。不同的历史、不同的社会、不同的文化背景造就不同的风俗,世界文化是深奥的、神秘的、多姿多彩的,时代在发展,文化也将发展,只有时刻不停地学习,才能了解中国赶上世界的潮流,列于时代的前锋。 翻译一下就行了

By studying the differences between Chinese and Western wedding, I understand their characteristics: Western wedding is pure romantic, and China is happy wedding; Western wedding is feeling valued, and China values the ceremony. In the West because of their different customs, have also formed their own characteristics wedding customs. Though, have different customs, but no matter where the wedding was all full of blessings and laughter. Wedding days are often considered the most important day of many people’s lives. For this reason alone, throughout the past and into modern day, numerous customs and superstitions have developed around the wedding event, in hopes of creating ‘The Perfect Day!’ A very common custom still honored today is in reference to a time-old saying, ‘Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue, and a silver sixpence inside your shoe’. So old is this that tracing it back to its origination is nearly impossible. Some contribute it to Victorian times, others say it is even older than that. The ‘old’ is believed to be the friends and family attending the wedding. The ‘new’ is represented by the couple themselves, as a ‘new’ union. The ‘borrowed’ is something from the families that is to be returned, such as the bride's wedding dress, or the veil, borrowed from her own mother. Something ‘blue’ is often interpreted to represent the bride’s virginity, as in the opposite of red, which throughout time has come to represent a woman of many men. Modern day brides often wear a bit of blue material tucked out of sight. The sixpence can be any form of money, tucked into the bride's shoe, this to bring wealth, both in monetary means and love, to the union.

相关百科

热门百科

首页
发表服务