发布时间：
问题一：有没有什么软件或者网站可以实现外文文献全文翻译 不需要太准确 但必须得读的通顺 20分 百度翻译的还行吧，词汇比较准确。不过要做到完全通顺是不可能的。断句什么的还是不是很准 问题二：本科毕业外文翻译的外文文献在哪找呢? sciencedirect/ wiley/ springer/ ace/ jstor/ medline等等，看你需要什么专业的文献，其实外文也很好找 问题三：这些中文参考文献怎么翻译成英文 看来你是要发外文的论文。 解决办法： 每一篇都去知网上下载，有些高质量的的文章最后是有英文的题目、摘要和作者的。 比如你第三篇，王海斗的，就附了英文题目和人名。 那些低档的，没有英文内容的，比如，第一篇参考文献；只能通过自己的专业知识、专业词汇，自行翻译了。 问题四：翻译英文文献时,里面的英文名的作者还用翻译么 对于引用文献的作者名字，如果是写论文投稿，要看刊物的要求。有的刊物要求翻译，有的不翻译。投稿须知要仔细看哦。如果不是写论文投稿，那么你的稿子给谁看的就看他的要求。 如果是文中提高的名字，一般按照通行的惯例进行翻译，要注意是大家圈子里都接受的名字哦。 问题五：哪个网站全文翻译能力最强.我有英文文献要翻译成中文. 目前在线翻译的结果都是不准确的，稍微好点的是 google的在线翻译，你要准确的翻译你可以再百度里搜索下 54翻译论坛 上面有搐工翻译解答，很多专业翻译人免费帮你解答，希望可以帮助你 问题六：如何翻译英文文献？ 15分 首先是, 你对要翻译的文献有一定认识和理解. 绩次是, 掌握语法以及地道的用法 最后, 运用你大脑组织起来 达到不脱离愿意,又能让大家看懂. 其实就是 信达雅 问题七：外文文献翻译成中文的参考文献怎么写 毕业设计的英文翻译有两类 第一种，是将毕业实际中的摘要用英文进行翻译 第二种，是自己找一篇与毕业设计相关的论文，将它翻译为英文，翻译的时候可以用专业的翻译工具。 问题八：外文翻译参考文献可以不翻吗？ 参考文献可以不用翻译的，直接把文章原名和作者原名写上就行了，加上文献出版的日期。
毕业论文外文翻译：将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。
翻译要求：
1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。
2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。
3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。
参考文献是在学术研究过程中，对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴。征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的，并非中国的。
原文就是指原作品,原件，即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。
译文就是翻译过来的文字，如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本，这个中文版本就称为译文。
主要标准
翻译是语际交流过程中沟通不同语言的桥梁。一般来说，翻译的标准主要有两条：忠实和通顺。
忠实
是指忠实于原文所要传递的信息，也就是说，把原文的信息完整并且准确地表达出来，使译文读者得到的信息与原文读者得到的信息大致相同。
通顺
是指译文规范、明白易懂，没有文理不通、结构混乱、逻辑不清的现象。
实践产生理论，欧美许多国家的翻译理论是五花八门的。从大的方面来看，可以分为两大派：一派是翻译可能论，一派是翻译不可能论。其实，完完全全百分之百的可能是没有的，完完全全百分之百的不可能也是没有的。
世界上一切翻译活动都是在这两个极端之间进行的。欧洲许多著名的人物，比如马丁·路德、M.阿诺德、.纽曼、.波斯特加特、H.白洛克、.诺克斯、V.那巴可夫等等，都对翻译提出了自己的理论。据《开塞尔世界文学百科全书》的意见，这些理论中有些是刚愎自用的。
在毕业论文写作过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节，尤其是研究生同学，一般导师都会要求阅读一定数量的英文文献，这是因为许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献，借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。
如何写开题报告，如何写文献综述，如何阅读外文文献，可以说，阅读一定数量的外文文献是毕业论文写作的必经之路。
要求如下：
1、前言
简要说明写作的目的，有关的概念以及综述范围，说明有关主题的现状或争论焦点，所要解决的问题等。一般以 100～200 字为宜，使读者在读完前言后对有关问题获得一个初步的轮廓。
2、主体
主体部分是全文的主要部分，具体写法以能较好地表达综述的内容为准则。通常根据内容的多少，将主体部分分为几段，每段有小标题。
可按年代顺序综述。也可按不同的问题进行综述，还可按不同的观点进行比较综述，不管用那一种格式综述，都要将所搜集到的文献资料归纳、整理及分析比较，阐明有关主题的历史背景、现状和发展方向，以及对这些问题的评述。
主题部分应特别注意代表性强、具有科学性和创造性的文献引用和评述。
主体部分每一段落的开始应是综合提炼出来的观点，即论点；接着是文献所提出的实验结果或调查事实，即论据，可见主体部分是按论点和论据组织材料的。
总之，综述主体部分是以综合概括的论点开头引路，继之以诸家的资料、实验结果为论据展开层次论证。所以，综述也是一种论证文章的体裁，只是论点与论据都是前人文献所提供。
如果前人的观点分散或不甚明确，则需作者整理概括，成为开头。在论述某些观点时，作者可有倾向性，但对相反的观点也应简要如实列出。对存在的矛盾和问题应充分如实描述。
3、总结
常见的方式有：
①扼要的概括、精练主题部分的主要内容；
②介绍尚待解决的问题及对前景的展望；
③某些篇幅较小的综述，也可以省略结束语。
4、参考文献
通常凡引述的资料和主要的论点都应注明文献出处，以便使读者检索查阅。所引文献应以近 3 年内者为主；另外，未公开发表的资料不宜作为参考文献。
在我国许多期刊希望列出重要的参考文献，一般限为 20～30 条为宜；但国际上许多生物医学期刊的综述文章，其参考文献甚多，全篇所列文献常达数百条之多。参考文献的著录格式国内尚不统一，应按各刊「投稿须知」要求撰写。
扩展资料：
1、如何查询国内专利文献
可通过中国国家知识产权局(）和中国专利信息中心（）网站上的「专利检索」。
可以免费检索全部中国专利信息（有文摘）。如需获取专利全文，则需前去中国国家知识产权局查阅，也可通过 CSDL 馆际互借和原文传递系统代为办理。
2、如何查询国外专利文献
科学院用户可首先选择查询 Web of Knowledge 中Derwent Innovations Index (德温特世界专利索引)，它是检索专利的权威数据库，收录全球了 40 多个专利机构的 900 万条基本专利，1800 万项专利，该库大部分有文摘，小部分有全文。
3、其它可供利用的网上免费数据库
欧洲专利局专利数据库：
（免费 文摘）
美国专利商标局专利数据库：
（免费 文摘、全文）
WTO知识产权组织：
（免费 文摘）
IBM专利数据库资源：
（免费 文摘、部分全文）
更多请参见中国专利信息网上的（国外）专利网站：
外文翻译要求：（1）选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。（2）选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。（3）外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。
参考文献的引用应当实事求是、科学合理，不可以为了凑数随便引用。下文是我为大家整理的关于翻译论文英文参考文献的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!
1. 乔海清. 《翻译新论》. 北京：北京语言学院出版社. 1993.
2. 邵志洪. 《翻译理论、实践与评析》. 上海：华东理工大学出版社, 2003.
3. 邵志洪. 《英汉语研究与对比》. 上海：华东理工大学出版社, 1997.
4. 申丹. 《文学文体学与小说翻译》. 北京：北京大学出版社. 1995.
5. 申小龙. 《语言的文化阐释》. 上海：知识出版社, 1992.
6. 申小龙. 《汉语句型研究》. 海口：海南人民出版社, 1989.
7. 申小龙. 《汉语与中国文化》. 上海：复旦大学出版社, 2003.
8. 申小龙. 《文化语言学》. 南昌：江西教育出版社, 1993.
9. 申雨平(编). 《西方翻译理论精选》. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社. 2002.
10. 沈少华. 《英语趣味修辞格》. 北京：语文出版社, 1999.
11. 思果. 《译道探微》. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司. 2002.
12. 孙全洲. 《现代汉语学习词典》. 上海：上海外语教育出版社, 1996.
13. 孙晓丽. 《广告英语与实例》. 北京：中国广播电视出版社, 1995.
14. 孙致礼. 《1949-1966：我国英美文学翻译概论》. 南京：译林出版社. 1996.
15. 谭载喜. 《翻译学》. 武汉：湖北教育出版社. 2000.
16. 谭载喜. 《新编奈达论翻译》. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司. 1999.
17. 倜西、董乐山等(编). 《英汉翻译手册》. 北京：商务印书馆国际有限公司. 2002.
1. 王德春. 《语言学通论》. 南京：江苏教育出版社, 1990.
2. 王逢鑫. 《英汉比较语义学》. 北京：外文出版社, 2001.
3. 王还(主编). 《汉英对比论文集》. 北京：北京语言学院出版社. 1993.
4. 王季思. 《中国十大古典喜剧集》. 上海：上海文艺出版社, 1982.
5. 王克非. 《翻译文化史论》. 上海：上海外语教育出版社. 1997.
6. 王令坤(主编). 《英汉翻译技巧》. 上海：上海交通大学出版社. 1998.
7. 王希杰. 《汉语修辞学》. 北京：北京出版社, 1983.
8. 王希杰. 《修辞学导论》. 杭州：浙江教育出版社, 2000.
9. 王佐良、丁往道. 《英语文体学引论》. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社, 1990.
10. 王佐良. 《翻译：思考与试笔》. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社, 1989.
11. 魏志成. 《英汉语比较导论》. 上海：上海外语教育出版社. 2003.
12. 魏志成. 《英汉语比较导论》. 上海：上海外语教育出版社. 2003.
13. 翁显良. 《意态由来画不成?》 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司, 1983.
1. 陈保亚 20 世纪中国语言学方法论 济南：山东教育出版社，1999
2. 丁言仁 英语语言学纲要 上海：上海外语出版社，2001
3. 费尔迪南 德 索绪尔 普通语言学教程 长沙：湖南教育出版社，2001
4. 冯翠华 英语修辞大全 北京：商务印书馆，1996
5. 桂诗春，宁春言主编 语言学方法论 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1998
6. 桂诗春 应用语言学长沙：湖南教育出版社，1998
7. 何兆熊 新编语用学概要 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2000
8. 何自然 语用学与英语学习 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997
9. 侯维瑞 英语语体 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1988
10. 胡壮麟 语言学教程(修订版)北京：北京大学出版社，2001
11. 黄国文 语篇与语言的功能 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002
12. 黄国文 语篇分析概要长沙：湖南教育出版社，1988
毕业论文外文翻译是在网上找到一篇与你论文主旨相关的英文文章，然后自己翻译过来，篇幅必须长一点，因为一般毕业设计都要有字数限制。
本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译基本规范：
一、要求
1、与毕业论文分开单独成文。
2、两篇文献。
二、基本格式
1、文献应以英、美等国家公开发表的文献为主（Journals from English speaking countries）。
2、毕业论文翻译是相对独立的，其中应该包括题目、作者（可以不翻译）、译文的出处（杂志的名称）（5号宋体、写在文稿左上角）、关键词、摘要、前言、正文、总结等几个部分。
3、文献翻译的字体、字号、序号等应与毕业论文格式要求完全一致。
4、文中所有的图表、致谢及参考文献均可以略去，但在文献翻译的末页标注：图表、致谢及参考文献已略去(见原文)。（空一行，字体同正文）
5、原文中出现的专用名词及人名、地名、参考文献可不翻译，并同原文一样在正文中标明出处。
三、毕业论文（设计）外文翻译的内容要求
外文翻译内容必须与所选课题相关，外文原文不少于6000个印刷符号。译文末尾要用外文注明外文原文出处。
原文出处：期刊类文献书写方法：[序号]作者（不超过3人，多者用等或et al表示）.题（篇）名[J].刊名（版本）,出版年，卷次（期次）：起止页次。
原文出处：图书类文献书写方法：[序号]作者.书名[M].版本.出版地：出版者,出版年.起止页次。
原文出处：论文集类文献书写方法：[序号]作者.篇名[A].编著者.论文集名[C]. 出版地：出版者，出版年.起止页次。
要求有外文原文复印件。
扩展资料：
文献翻译要求
1、翻译要注重专业、准确
文献翻译涵盖许许多多的学科，每一学科都有自己的专业术语。比如，从事专利文献翻译的译者必须对相关专业术语有着深入的了解和清楚的把握，这样才能用专业、准确、规范的语言翻译出来。
2、翻译要注重知识更新
文献翻译涉及到各种学科，这些学科的发展是与时俱进的。因此，译员也要与时俱进，随时掌握最新的知识，这样才能更好地胜任翻译任务。
3、翻译要注重本地化
无论是将国外的文献翻译进来，还是将国内的文献介绍出去，翻译时都必须注意语言的本地化，符合目标语言的习惯。
4、翻译要注重语言严谨、流畅
文献翻译一方面讲究语言的严谨科学，逻辑的连贯严密，另一方面它也注重文字尽可能的优美流畅。因此，这类翻译对译者的目标语言使用能力是一种挑战。
参考资料：百度百科-文献翻译
付出与收获 Hard Work and Income
I always hear about my friends’ complaining, they say their income is such low that they can’t not make ends meet. At first, I would pity for them, but in the long run, I find their work is so easy, they just sit in the office from 9 am to 5 pm, they even don’t need to go out for business. While I see another friend, he works so hard, his working hour is very unstable, sometimes he even works until 9 pm. The fact is that he earns the most between my friends. It is true that no pain, no gain, if people want more, they need to pay out more. Comparing to be envy about other people’s great income, we’d better to work hard to realize what we want. There is not short-cut for people to get successful, working hard is the only way.
我总是听到朋友们的抱怨，他们说收入太少了，以至于无法收支平衡。刚开始，我会为他们感到遗憾，但是长期下来，我发现他们的工作很轻松，他们在办公室里朝九晚五地坐着，甚至不需要外出跑业务。然而我看到了另外一个朋友，他很努力工作，工作时间不稳定，有时候甚至于工作到晚上九点。事实上，他是我朋友之中赚得最多的。没有付出，就没有收获， 确实如此，如果人们想要更多，需要付出更多。与其羡慕别人的高收入，不如努力工作来实现我们想要的。成功没有捷径，努力工作是唯一的方法。
审美标准 The Standard of Beauty
It has been admitted that beautiful outlook can bring people a lot of attention, the beautiful person always win the chances to be successful. But what is the standard of a beauty, different times have different standard. In our parents’ generation, it was believed that a girl should be a little fatter, because it meant that she lived the better life, while the thin girl would be thought to be lacking of happiness. In today, the standard of beauty has changed, the most important standard of a beauty is to be thin, the thinner, the better. When we look at the commercial ads, all of the models are skinny, with the beautiful dress, they look so gorgeous. When I see my friends work so hard to lose weight, I feel worried about them. They don’t have to do it, the beauty’s standard will change any time. We should stay the way we are.
人们承认美丽的外表能给人们带来很多的吸引力，长得好看的人总是能赢得成功的机会。但是美丽的标准是什么呢，不同的时间有不同的标准。在我们父母那一代，人们认为女孩子应该胖点，因为那意味着她过得好，然而瘦的.女孩就会被认为缺少幸福。在今天，美丽的标准已经改变了，美丽的最重要标准就是瘦，越瘦越好。当我们看商业广告的时候，所有的模特都是很瘦的，加上华丽的服饰，他们看起来真美。看到我的朋友们那么努力的去减肥，我为他们担忧。他们可以不用减，美丽的标准会随时变。我们应该做自己。
国外学生不努力学习？Foreign Students Study Not Hard?
When people talk about the foreign education, they will be envious, because they think foreign students study in a very easy way, they don’t care much about study, they care about playing. When we take a look at our students, they need to put their minds on studying, they study so hard. The obvious difference makes people criticize our education. But the truth is that foreign students also need to study hard, when they go to college, they realize the pressure and start to focus their minds on study, for the purpose of making living. Foreign students play hard before they go to college. We only look at the foreign students before their campus life, so foreign students don’t play all the time.
当人们谈论国外的教育时，他们会很羡慕，因为他们认为国外的学生学习很轻松，无需放太多心思在学习上，国外学生只关心玩。当看看我们的学生时，他们需要全身心投入学习，很刻苦。明显的不同让人们批判我们的教育。但是事实上，国外的学生也需要努力学习，在他们上大学以后，意识到压力，开始投入学习，为了生存。国外学生在上大学前都爱玩。我们看外国学生只看他们大学前的生活，因此，外国学生并不总是在玩。
追求稳定还是创业 To Pursue Stability or Do Pioneering Work
When college students graduate, most of them will choose to join the civil servants exam or further study, these two choices become more and more popular, they have the common side, that is stability. The young people pay special attention to stability when they find a job, because in today’s society, the pressure is so heavy, they fear to lose job, working for the government is the best choice for them, they don’t have to worry about losing jobs. While they are so young, they should be energetic, they should do the pioneering work, they have nothing to lose, because they have nothing at the beginning. If the young people don’t dare to fight, they waste their youth, all their lives are insipid, when they are old, they look back on their youth, just nothing leaves. If the young people want to do pioneering work, just do it, take no hesitation.
当大学生毕业，很多人会选择参加公务员考试或者深造，这两个选择有一个共同点，那就是稳定。年轻人在找工作的时候很注重稳定，因为在今天的社会，压力是很大的，他们害怕失去工作，为政府工作对于他们来说是最好的选择，不用担心丢掉工作。然而他们是那么的年轻，应该充满活力，应该去创业，他们没有什么输不起，因为他们刚开始本来就一无所有。如果年轻人都害怕奋斗，浪费了青春，他们的一生都平淡无奇，当他们老了，回望青春，发现什么也没留下。如果年轻人想要创业，那就去吧，不要犹豫。
第一次上讲台 The First to Stand In Front of the Platform
I still remember the first time to stand in front of the platform, it was two years ago, I was arranged by my headmaster to get my internship, I would go to the countryside to be a teacher. When I arrived at the school, at first, I did not get used to the environment, but after a week, I got used to it. I was asked to teach the students English, I felt so never that night, I worried the students wouldn’t listen to me. In the morning, I had to start my class, my feet seemed to hard to move on. When I went to the platform, all the students looked at me, I was so nervous, then I introduced myself, as I went further in the class, I found myself felt much more ease, the students cooperate with me, I felt more and more confident. I learned so much from my first time to stand in front of the platform.
我仍然记得我第一次站在讲台上的情形，那是两年前，我被班主任安排实习，我要去乡村当教师。当我到达学校的时候，刚开始，我不适应那里的环境，但是一周后，我适应了。我要教学生英语，那晚，我感到很紧张，我害怕学生不听我的话。早上，我不得不开始我的课，我的脚似乎很难移动。当我走到讲台上，所有的学生都看着我，我觉得很紧张，然后我开始介绍自己，随着在课堂上展开课，我发现我不那么紧张了，学生也配合我，我感到越来越自信。我在第一次上讲台上学到了很多。
让梦想成真Make It Be
Don’t allow your troubles to get the best of you. Instead, allow those troubles to make the best of you.
不要被烦恼击败,相反,要让这些烦恼磨练出更优秀的你
Don’t tire yourself out fighting against the challenges. Instead, find new energy by embracing1 those challenges and working through them to create real value.
不要因与挑战作斗争而身心疲惫,相反,要在接受挑战、战胜挑战的过程中找到活力去创造真正的价值。
Always remind yourself that discour-agement is nothing more than a response you’ve chosen. When you find that you’ve chosen to let it be, you can just as surely choose to let it go.
时常提醒自己,气馁只不过是你自己的选择。当你发现是你选择了气馁,你当然也可以选择不这样。
Replace discouragement with determin-ation. It is your life’s energy, and you can point it in whatever direction you choose. Your most powerful response is not based only on what has already happened. Your most powerful response also takes into account what you wish to make happen next.
用决心消除气馁,这就是你生命的活力,是放之四海而皆准的。你最有力的反应不仅仅受所发生的事情的影响,而且与你期待发生的事情有一定关联。
Look forward, and envision in great detail the future you desire. Then gather all your energy, and step forward to make it be.
向前看,详尽地展望你所期盼的未来。然后集中你所有的精力,努力前进,让梦想成真
梦想,你心中永远的激情Dream,A Pas
英语励志短文带翻译:It’s December, so most of the year is now behind us. But there’s a new year coming up, which will give us time to live, to love, to give, and to make our dreams come true.
已经是十二月了,一年就快过完了。但新的一年即将到来,我们将会有更多的时间去生活,去爱,去付出,去实现我们的梦想。
Everyone in this world has a dream: a passion, a vision in their life that pulls them and urges them to move forward in life. You, my friend have this vision with-in you. It "whispers" to you sometimes, but in some cases, it cries out. It cries out to be listened to and acted upon because this vision comes from your soul.
在这世界上,每个人都怀有自己的梦想:对生活的激情和梦想促使人们不断前进。朋友,你内心也怀有这样一种梦想,它有时会对你低语,但有时候,它也会大叫出来,这样你就会听见,并将其付诸于实践,因为这梦想来自你的灵魂深处。
Within this "Inner Vision" there lies the magic of living your life with passion, fulfillment and purpose. This means being true to who you really are —and living your life on purpose with all the passion and energy you are capable of living.
在这心灵深处的梦想中隐藏着一种魔力,它会促使你满怀激情地去生活,去实现自我,去追求生活的目标。这意味着你将会实现真正的自我——充满激情与活力地去过一种你能拥有的、有目标的生活。
When you live from your inner passions, you’ll never have to seek agreement from others —you’ll be the master of your own destiny. More importantly, you’ll feel whole, connected and inspired.
当你怀着满腔激情去生活时,你永远不必寻求他人的认同,你将成为自己命运的主宰。更为重要的是,你会感觉到一个完整、不孤独、有激情的自我。
Find your inner fire, your sense of purpose; this fire will help you harness strengths you’re not even aware you have. Be connected with your inner passion and live that passion daily.
寻找你内心深处的火花——生活的目标;这火花会让你拥有你自己从未意识到的强大力量。拥抱你内心深处的激情,满怀激情地去迎接每天的生活吧!
在世界经济全球化及中国加入WTO的形势下,社会需要大量能够用英语在国际上进行科技、经贸、法律和 文化 等方面交流的专业人才。下面是我带来的英语 文章 阅读带翻译，欢迎阅读!英语文章阅读带翻译篇一 In the public interest The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies. Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from high-handed or incompetent public officers. The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries like Denmark, Norway, Finland, and New Zealand. Even countries with large populations like Britain and the United States are seriously considering imitating the Swedes. The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants, collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual. A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State. The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the '.' or 'Ombudsman'. The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1200 letters a year. He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work, for his correspondence is open to public inspection. If a citizen's complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered. The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work. A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner. The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case. There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified and the Chief of Police stoutly denied the accusation. It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, but when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter. The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions. The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in he official files. It was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts. The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted. The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed. 斯堪的纳维亚半岛各国实行开明的社会政策，受到全世界的推崇。在瑞典，已逐渐形成了一种完善的制度以保护每个公民不受专横的和不称职的政府官员的欺压。由于这种制度行之有效，已被其他国家采纳。 是瑞典人首先认识到政府工作人员如文职人员、警官、卫生稽查员、税务人员等等也会犯错误或者自以为在为公众服务而把事情做过了头。早在1809年，瑞典论会就建立一个保护公民利益的制度。议会内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，由它委派一位称职的人选专门调查个人对国家的意见。此人官衔为“司法特派员”，但瑞典人一般管他叫“.”，即“司法特派员”。司法特派员不受任何政治压力的制约。他听取社会各阶层的各种大小意见，并进行调查。由于意见均需用书面形式提出，司法特派员每年平均收到1,200封信。他有8位律师作他的助手协助工作，每封信都详细批阅。司法特派员的工作没有什么秘密可言，他的信件是公开的，供公众监督。如果公民的意见正确，司法特派员便为他伸张正义。司法特员采取的行动因意见的性质不同而有所不同。他可以善意地批评某位官员，也可以甚至向议会提议修改某项法律。下述事件是司法特派员工作的一个典型例子。 一个住在瑞典乡村的外国人写信给司法特派员，抱怨说他受到警察的虐待，原因就是因为他是个外国人。司法特派员立即写信给当地警察局长，请他寄送与此事有关的材料。材料中没有任何文字记载证明外国人所说的情况符合事实，警察局长矢口否认这一指控。司法特派员难以处理。但是，当他又收到住在同一村庄的另一个外国人写的一封内容类似的投诉信时，他立即派出一位律师前去调查。律师证实有个警察确实多次粗鲁地对待外国人。警察歧视外国人的事在官方档案中不可能加以记载，司法特派员只有派他的代表去核对事实才能了解真相。当事的警察受到严厉的斥责，并被告知，如果再有人投诉他，他将受到起诉。司法特派员及时采取的行动，迅速制止了这一起不愉快的事件，不然这件事可能因未得到人们注意而不了了之。 英语文章阅读带翻译篇二 Instinct or cleverness? We have been brought up to fear insects. We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good. Man continually wages war on item, for they contaminate his food, carry diseases, or devour his crops. They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat against our lighted windows. We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths. Reading about them increases our understanding with out dispelling our fears. Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch. No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being stung. Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase. At the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinaing. We enjoy reading about them, especially when we find that, like the praying mantis, they lead perfectly horrible lives. We enjoy staring at them entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope) of our presence. Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle ? Last summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up the trunk of my prize peach tree. The tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the house. I am especially proud of it, not only because it has survived several severe winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches. During the summer, I noticed that the leaves of the tree were beginning to wither. Clusters of tiny insects called aphides were to be found on the underside of the leaves. They were visited by a laop colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them. I immediately embarked on an experiment which, even though it failed to get rid of the ants, kept me fascinated for twenty-four hours. I bound the base of the tree with sticky tape , making it impossible for the ants to reach the aphides. The tape was so sticky that they did not dare to cross it. For a long time, I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree in bewilderment. I even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with satisfaction (and surprise) that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape without being able to do anything about it. I got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in despair. Instead, I saw that they had discovered a new route. They were climbing up the wall of the house and then on to the leaves of the tree. I realized sadly that I had been completely defeated by their ingenuity. The ants had been quick to find an answer to my thoroughly unscientific methods! 我们自幼就在对昆虫的惧怕中长大。我们把昆虫当作害多益少的无用东西。人类不断同昆虫斗争，因为昆虫弄脏我们的食物，传播疾病，吞噬庄稼。它们无缘无故地又叮又咬;夏天的晚上，它们未经邀请便飞到我们房间里，或者对着露出亮光的窗户乱扑乱撞。我们在日常生活中，不但憎恶如蜘蛛、黄蜂之类令人讨厌的昆虫，而且憎恶并无大害的飞蛾等。阅读有关昆虫的书能增加我们对它们的了解，却不能消除我们的恐惧的心理。即使知道勤奋的蚂蚁生活具有高度组织性的社会里，当看到大群蚂蚁在我们精心准备的午间野餐上爬行时，我们也无法抑制对它们的反感。不管我们多么爱吃蜂蜜，或读过多少关于蜜蜂具有神秘的识别方向的灵感的书，我们仍然十分害怕被蜂蜇。我们的恐惧大部分是没有道理的，但去无法消除。同时，不知为什么昆虫又是迷人的。我们喜欢看有关昆虫的书，尤其是当我们了解螳螂等过着一种令人生畏的生活时，就更加爱读有关昆虫的书了。我们喜欢入迷地看它们做事，它们不知道(但愿如此)我们就在它们身边。当看到蜘蛛扑向一只苍蝇时，一队蚂蚁抬着一只巨大的死甲虫凯旋归时，谁能不感到敬畏呢? 去年夏天，我花了好几天时间站在花园里观察成千只蚂蚁爬上我那棵心爱的桃树的树干。那棵树是靠着房子有遮挡的一面暖墙生长的。我为这棵树感到特别自豪，不仅因为它度过了几个寒冬终于活了下来，而且还因为它有时结出些甘甜的桃子来。到了夏天，我发现树叶开始枯萎，结果在树叶背面找到成串的叫作蚜虫小虫子。蚜虫遭到一窝蚂蚁的攻击，蚂蚁从它们身上可以获得一种蜜。我当即动手作了一项试验，这项试验尽管没有使我摆脱这些蚂蚁，却使我着迷了24小时。我用一条胶带把桃树底部包上，不让蚂蚁接近蚜虫。胶带极粘，蚂蚁不敢从上面爬过。在很长一段时间里，我看见蚂蚁围着大树底部来回转悠，不知所措。半夜，我还拿着电筒来到花园里，满意地(同时惊奇地)发现那些蚂蚁还围着胶带团团转。无能为力。第二天早上，我起床后希望看见蚂蚁已因无望而放弃了尝试，结果却发现它们又找到一条新的路径。它们正在顺着房子的外墙往上爬，然后爬上树叶。我懊丧地感到败在了足智多谋的蚂蚁的手下。蚂蚁已很快找到了相应的对策，来对付我那套完全不科学的办法! 英语文章阅读带翻译篇三 From the earth: greatings Radio astronomy has greatly increased our understanding of the universe. Radio telescopes have one big advantage over conventional telescopes in that they can operate in all weather conditions and can pick up signals coming from very distant stars. These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space. The most powerful signals that have been received have been emitted by what seem to be truly colossal stars which scientists have named 'quasars'. A better understanding of these phenomena may completely alter our conception of the nature of the universe. The radio telescope at Jodrell Bank in England was for many years the largest in the world. A new telescope, over twice the size, was recently built at Sugar Grove in West Virginia. Astronomers no longer regard as fanciful the idea that they may one day pick up signals which have been sent by intelligent beings on other worlds. This possibility gives rise to interesting speculations. Highly advanced civilizations may have existed on other planets long before intelligent forms of life evolved on the earth. Conversely, intelligent being which are just beginning to develop on remote worlds may be ready to pick up our signals in thousands of years' time, or when life on earth has become extinct. Such speculations no longer belong to the realm of science fiction, for astronomers are now exploring the chances of communicating with living creatures (if they exist) on distant planets. This undertaking which has been named Project Ozma was begun in 1960, but it may take a great many years before results are obtained. Aware of the fact that it would be impossible to wait thousands or millions of years to receive an answer from a distant planet, scientists engaged in Project Ozma are concentrating their attention on stars which are relatively close. One of the most likely stars is Tau Ceti which is eleven light years away. If signals from the earth were received by intelligent creatures on a planet circling this star, we would have to wait twenty-two years for an answer. The Green Bank telescope in West Virginia has been specially designed to distinguish between random signals and signals which might be in code. Even if contact were eventually established, astronomers would not be able to rely on language to communicate with other beings. They would use mathematics as this is the only truly universal language. Numbers have the same value anywhere. For this reason, intelligent creatures in any part of the universe would be able to understand a simple arithmetical sequence. They would be able to reply to our signals using similar methods. The next step would be to try to develop means for sending television pictures. A single picture would tell us more than thousands of words. In an age when anything seems to be possible, it would be narrow-minded in the extreme to ridicule these attempts to find out if there is life in other parts of the universe. 天文学方面最新发展使得我们能够在银河系和其他星系发现行星。这是一个重要的成就，因为相对来说，行星很小，而且也不发光。寻找行星证明相当困难，但是要在行星上发现生命会变得无比艰难。第一个需要解答的问题是一颗行星是否有能够维持生命的条件。举例来说，在我们的太阳系里，对于生命来说，金星的温度太高，而火星的温度则太低。只有地球提供理想的条件，而即使在这里，植物和动物的进化也用了40亿年的时间。 一颗行星是否能够维持生命取决于它的恒星——即它的“太阳”——的大小和亮度。设想一下，一颗恒星比我们的太阳还要大，还要亮，还要热20倍，那么一颗行星为了维持生命就要离开的它的恒星非常远。反之，如果恒星很小，维持生命的行星就要在离恒星很近的轨道上运行，而且要有极好的条件才能使生命得以发展，但是，我们如何才能找到这样一颗行星呢?现在，没有一台现存的望远镜可以发现生命的存在。而开发这样一台望远镜将会是21世纪天文学的一个重要的研究课题。 使用放置在地球上的望远镜是无法观察到其他行星的生命的。地球周围温暖的大气层和望远镜散出的热量使得我们根本不可能找到比行星更小的物体。即使是一台放置在围绕地球的轨道上的望远镜——如非常成功的哈勃望远镜——也因为太阳系中的尘埃微粒而无法胜任。望远镜要放置在木星那样遥远的行星上才有可能在外层空间搜寻生命。因为我们越是接近太阳系的边缘，尘埃就越稀薄。一旦我们找到这样一颗行星，我们就要想办法将它的恒星射过来的光线遮暗，这样我们就能彻底“看见”这颗行星，并分析它的大气层。首先我们要寻找植物，而不是那种“小绿人”。行星上最容易生存下来的是细菌。正是细菌生产出我们在地球上呼吸的氧气。在地球上发展的大部分进程中，细菌是地球上唯一的生命形式。作为地球上的居民，我们总存有这样的希望：小绿人来 拜访 我们，而我们可以和他们交流。但是，这种希望总是只在科幻小说中存在。如果我们能够在另一颗行星上找到诸如细菌的那种低等生命，那么这个发现将彻底改变我们对我们自己的看法。正如美国国家航空和宇宙航空局的丹尼尔.戈尔丁指出的“在其他地方发现生命会改变一切。任何人类的努力和想法都会发生变化。”
在进行英语 文章 赏析的过程中,多元素互动模式的构建,有利于我们能更加准确深刻的理解文章的意思。下面是我带来的英文文章加翻译原文，欢迎阅读!英文文章加翻译原文精选 Build Me a Son塑造我的儿子 Build me a son, O Lord, who will be strong enough to know when he is weak, and brave enough to face himself when he is afraid; one who will be proud and unbending in honest defeat, and humble and gentle in victory. 主啊!求你塑造我的儿子，使他在软弱时，能够坚强不屈;在惧怕时能够勇敢自持，在正常的失败中，毫不气馁;在光明的胜利中，仍能保持谦逊温和。 Build me a son whose wishes will not take the place of deeds; a son who will know Thee... and that to know himself is the foundation stone of knowledge. 恳求你塑造我的儿子，不至空有幻想而缺乏行动;引领他认识你，同时让他知道，认识自己，才是一切知识的基石。 Lead him, I pray, not in the path of ease and comfort, but under the stress and spur of difficulties and challenge. Here, let him learn to stand up in the storm; here let him learn compassion for those that fail. 我祈求你，不要使他走上安逸、舒适之途，求你将他置于困难和挑战的磨练和激励中，求你引领他，使他学习在风暴中挺身站立，并学会怜悯那些在重压之下失败跌倒的人。 Build me a son, whose heart will be clear, whose goal will be high, a son who will master himself before he seeks to master other men; one who will reach into the future, yet never forget the past. 求你塑造我的儿子，求你让他有一颗纯洁的心，并有i在大的目标;使他在能指挥别人之前，先懂得驾驭自己;当迈入未来之际，永不忘记过去的教训。 And after all these things are his, add, I pray, enough of a sense of humor, so that he may always be serious, yet never take himself too seriously. Give him humility. so that he may always remember the simplicity of true greatness, the open mind of true wisdom and the meekness of true strength. Then, I, his father, will dare to whisper have not lived in vain." 在他，有了这些美德之后，我还要祈求你赐给他足够的幽默感，以免他过于严肃，还苛求自己。恳求你赐给他谦卑的心，使他永远记得，真正的伟大是单纯，真正的智慧是坦率，真正的力量是温和。如此，我这作父亲的，才敢低声说:"我没有虚度此生。 " 英文文章加翻译原文阅读 The World as I See It我的世界观 How strange is the lot of us mortals! Each of us is here for a brief sojourn; for what purpose be knows not, though he sometimes thinks he senses it. But without deeper reflection one knows from daily life that one exists for other people -first of all for those upon whose smiles and well-being our own happiness is wholly dependent, and then for the many, unknown to us, to whose destinies we are bound by the ties of sympathy. 我们这些总有一死的人的命运多么奇特!找们每个人在这个世界上都只作一个短暂的逗留;目的何在，却无从知道，尽管有时自以为对此若有所感。但是，不必深思。只要从日常生活就可以明白:人是为别人而生存的——首先是为那样一些人，我们的幸福全部依赖于他们的喜悦和健康;其次是为许多我们所不认识的人，他们的命运通过同情的纽带同我们密切结合在一起。 A hundred times every day I remind myself that my inner and outer life are based on the labors of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving. I am strongly drawn to a frugal life and am often oppressively aware that I am engrossing an undue amount of the labor of my fellow-men. regard class distinction as unjustified and, in the last resort, based on force. I also believe that a simple and unassuming life is good for everybody, physically and mentally. 我每天上百次的提醒自己:我的精神生活和物质生活都是以别人(包括生者和死者)的劳动为基础的，我必须尽力以同样的分量来报偿我所领受了的和至今还在领受着的东西。我强烈地向往着俭朴的生活。并且时常发觉自己占用了同胞的过多劳动而难以忍受。我认为阶级的区分是不合理的，它最后所凭借的是以暴力为根据。我也相信，简单淳朴的生活，无论在身体上还是在精神上，对每个人都是有益的。 My passionate sense of social justice and social responsibility has always contrasted oddly with my pronounced lack of need for direct contact with other human beings and human communities. I am truly a "lone traveler" and have never belonged to my country, my home, my friend, or even my immediate family, with my whole heart; in the face of all these ties, I have never lost a sense of distance and a need for solitude-feelings which increase with the years. One becomes sharply aware, but without regret of the limits of mutual understanding and consonance with other people. No doubt, such a person loses some of his innocence and unconcern; on the other hand, he is largely independent, of the opinions, habits, and judgments of his fellows and avoids the temptation to build his inner equilibrium upon such insecure foundations. 我有强烈的社会正义感和社会责任感。但我又明显地缺乏与别人和社会直接接触的要求，这两者总是形成古怪的对照。我实在是一个"孤独的旅客我未曾全心全意地属于我的国家、我的家庭、我的朋友，甚至我最为接近的亲人;在所有这些关系面前，我总是感觉到一定距离而且需妥保持孤独——而这种感受正与年俱增。人们会清楚地发觉，同别人的相互了解和协调一致是有限度的，但这不值得惋惜。无疑，这样的人在某种程度上会失去他的天真无邪和无忧无虑的心珑;但另一方面，他却能够在很大程度上不为别人的意见、习惯和判断所左右，并且能够避免那种把他的内心平衡建立在这样一些不可靠的基础之上的诱惑。 英文文章加翻译原文学习 Blood, Toil, Sweet and Tears 热血、辛劳、汗水和眼泪 I say to the House as I said to Ministers who have joined this government, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, sweat and tears. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering. 我已告知参加新政府的各位大臣，在此我再敬告诸位议员:除了热血、辛劳、汗水和眼泪，我没有其他，可以奉献。我们面临着极其严峻的考验;我们面临着漫长而艰苦卓绝的斗争。 You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the the dark and lamentable-catalogue of human crime. That is our policy. 你们会问，我们的政策是什么?我的回答是:在陆地上、在海上、在空中作战。我们要不遗余力，凭籍上帝赐予我们的全部力量，同人类历史上空前黑暗、空前暴虐的专制制度作殊死搏斗。这就是我们的政策。 You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costs -victory in spite of all terrors- victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival. 你们会问，我们的目标是什么?我可以用一个词作答，那就是:胜利。不惜一切代价，甘冒一切危险去夺取胜利。不论前面的道路多么漫长，多么崎岖一定要夺取胜利!因为不获得胜利就得灭亡。 Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal. 我们每一个人都必须认识到:没有胜利，大英帝国将不复存在，大英帝国倡导的一切将不复存在，推动人类历史朝既定目标前进的动力将不复存在。 I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. 我满怀希望欣然承担我的使命。我确信人民不会容忍我们的事业逍遥失败。 I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, "Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength." 此时此刻，我认为我有权要求得到所有人的支持，我要说:"来吧!让我们同心协力，奋勇向前吧。 "
my familyi love my family, because i have a happy father is an english teacher. his name is jacky. he is thirty-eight. he likes playing basketball. what’s my mother job? is she a teacher? yes, you’re right! my mother is very kind and nice, she is thirty-seven. my mother is always laborious work. i love my parents!on saturday and sunday, i often go to the library and play the piano, my father go to play basketball. sometimes, we watch tv and listen to music at love my family. because i’m very happy to live with my parents together!我的家庭我爱我的家庭,因为我有一个快乐的家庭.我的爸爸是一名英语教师,他的名字叫jacky.他今年38岁.他非常喜欢打篮球.我的妈妈是赶什么呢?她是一名教师吗?是的.你说对了!我的妈妈是一个很亲切、友善的人,她今年37岁.我妈妈总是勤劳的干活.我爱我的父母.在星期六和星期天里,我经常去图书馆和弹钢琴.我爸爸去打篮球.有时侯,我们都在家看电视和听音乐.我爱我家.因为我和爸爸妈妈一起生活得很开心!lan and fredlan and fred were boys. they were both twelve years old, and they were in the same class in their school. last friday afternoon they had a fight in class, and their teacher was very angry. he said to both of them, “stay here after the lessons this afternoon, and write your names a thousand times.” after the last lesson, all the other boys went home, but lan and fred stayed in the classroom with their teacher and begin writing their fred began teacher looked at him and said,” why are you crying, fred?”“because his name’s lan may, and mine’s frederick hollingsworth,” fred said.易恩和富雷得易恩和富雷得都是男孩，他们都十二岁了。他们在学校里是同班同学。上周五下午他们在学校里打了一架。为此老师很生气。老师对他们说：“下午下课后留在着把你们的名字写一千遍。”最后一节课下课，所有的学生都回家了。只有易恩和富雷得被他们的老师留在教师里抄写他们的名字。接着富雷得哭了起来。老师看了看他问：“富雷得，你为什么要哭呢？”“因为他的名字是lan may, 而我的名字确是frederick hollingsworth，”富雷得回答道。ann’s diarytoday was sunday. today was september 30th, 2004. it was a boring day. it was hot. i was not a watched tv all morning. the shows were boring. then i called my friend, nancy. she wasn’t at home. i didn’t know where she twelve i was hungry. there was not any food in the fridge. i was lazy. i was tired. then i ate lunch outside. at one o’clock. i was in bed. in the afternoon i was at the movies. the film was boring. i‘m glad tomorrow is monday. i can go to school and see my friends.安的日记今天是星期天，2004年9月30日。这是令人厌烦的一天。今天天气很热，我呆在家里，不用去上学。我看了一上午的电视。电视节目和无聊。于是我给好朋友南西打电话，可她不在家。我不知道她去哪里了。十二点我饿了，可是冰箱里什么食物都没有。我很懒惰，也很劳累，于是我出去吃了午饭。一点我上床睡觉。下午我去了电影院。电影很无聊。很高兴明天就是星期一了，我有可以返回学校见到我的好朋友了。noticeto all the teachers and students in grade 7,this afternoon, all the students in grade 7 will go to the west hill to plant trees. we‘ll take a bus there, and make sure to gather at the school gate at 2pm. don‘t be school officemarch 18th, 2006告示今天下午七年级全体同学要乘车去西山(west hill)植树(plant trees).请2:00准时在校门口集合或者watermelon is many people‘s favorite. it is sweet and it has a lot of water. watermelon has two colors, green outside and red inside. people usually have watermelons in summer. but nowadays we can eat watermelon every season in the year.西瓜西瓜是很多人喜欢的食物。它很甜而且水量多。西瓜的颜色，外面是绿的里面是红的。人们以往通常在夏天才吃西瓜，但现在一年的每个季节我们都可以吃到西瓜了。inside the russian embassy in london a kgb colonel puffed a cigarette as he read the handwritten note for the third time. there was no need for the writer to express regret, he though. correcting this problem would be easy. he would do that in a moment. the thought of it caused a grim smile to appear and joy to his heart. but he pushed away those thoughts and turned his attention to a framed photograph on his desk. his wife was beautiful, he told himself as he remembered the day they were married. that was forty-three years ago, and it had been the proudest and happiest day of his life.在伦敦的俄国使馆，一位克格勃上校一边吞云吐雾，一边读着一张手写的字条，这已是他第三次在读这张字条了。便条的作者不必表示遗憾了，上校这样想着。纠正这个错误其实很容易。他只要一会儿工夫便会做到。想到
英语现在已经发展成为一个在世界范围内使用最广泛的语言。我整理了英语优美短文带翻译，欢迎阅读!
Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is the most important festival for Chinese people all over the world. It is also called the Spring Festival or the Lunar New Year.
The exact date of the Spring Festival on the Western calendar changes from year to year. However, Chinese New Year takes place between January 1 and February 19.
On the Chinese calendar every year has an animal's name. These animals are the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, ram, monkey, rooster, dog and pig. A Chinese legend says that these twelve animals had a race. The first year was named after the rat, the winner. The other eleven years were named according to the order in which the animals arrived in the race. The clever rat jumped onto the ox's back, and then at the end jumped over the ox's head to arrive first!
The Chinese believe that a person born in a particular year has some of the characteristics of that animal.
lunar 月(亮)的 exact 确切的 calendar 日历 rat 鼠 ox 公 牛 rabbit 兔子
ram 公羊 rooster 公鸡 legend 传说 name after 按....命名
particular 特殊的 characteristic 特征
春 节
对于全世界的华人来说，中国的新年是最重要的节日。人们也称它为春节或农历新年。 公历春节的确切日期每年都在变化。但是春节一般都在 1 月 1 日 到 2 月 19 日 之间。 在农历中，每年都有一个生肖。这些生肖是鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗和猪。据传说，这十二个动物举行了一次赛跑，第一年就以获胜者鼠命名，其他十一年就根据动物们到达终点的顺序命名。聪明的鼠跳在牛背上，在最后时刻跳过牛的头顶第一个到达终点!
中国人相信在某一年出生的人具有这一年生肖的一些特征。
There was a young flower in the desert where all was dry and sad looking…… It was growing by itself…… enjoying every day…… and saying to the sun "When shall I be grown up?" And the sun would say "Be patient - Each time I touch you, you grow a little……" She was so pleased. Because she would have a chance to bring beauty to this corner of sand…… And this is all she wanted to do - bring a little bit of beauty to this world.
遍地干旱、满目悲凉的沙漠中有朵小花,她独自生长在那里,享受着每一天……她问太阳公公“我什么时候才能长大?”太阳公公总是说“要有耐心—— 我每次抚摸你,你都会长大一点……”小花好开心啊,因为她也有机会为沙漠的一隅增添美丽了……这是她毕生的心愿—— 为这个世界增添一丝美丽.
One day the hunter came by - and stepped on her. - She was going to die - and she felt so sad. Not because she was dying - but because she would not have a chance to bring a little bit of beauty to this corner of the desert.
一天,一位猎人经过——正好踩在她身上―― 她快要死了—— 她感到如此悲伤.并不是因为她即将死去,而是因为再没有机会为沙漠增添一丝美丽了.
The great spirit saw her, and was listening. - Indeed, he said…… She should be living…… And he reached down and touched her - and gave her life.
伟大的精神看到了她,并且听到了她的心里话.……事实上,他在说……她应该活着……他俯下身,抚摸着她—— 给了她生命.
And she grew up to be a beautiful flower…… and this corner of the desert became so beautiful because of her.
她长成一朵美丽的花……由于她的存在,这沙漠的一隅变得如此美丽.
A Teenager's Joke: Guidelines for Doing Schoolwork
My school had a policy about homework. Students should not spend more than ninety minutes per night doing homework. This is how I use the time for my work.
Fifteen minutes looking for assignment; Eleven minutes calling a friend for the assignment; Twenty three minutes explaining why the teacher is mean and does not like teenagers; Eight minutes in the bathroom; Ten minutes getting a snack; Seven minutes checking the TV Guide;
Six minutes telling my parents that the teacher never explained the assignment;
Ten minutes sitting at the kitchen table waiting for Mom or Dad to do the assignment.
guideline 指导方针 policy 政策 per 每
assignment 作业 mean 低劣的 snack 小吃 TV guide 电视指南
有关青少年的一则笑话——做作业的指导方针
我的学校有一项针对作业的政策。学生每天晚上做作业的时间不应该超过九十分钟。
以下就是我如何为完成作业而使用这九十分钟的。
花十五分钟找作业;花十一分钟打电话向同学问作业;
花二十三分 钟抱怨 老师为什么总是那么讨厌，为什么不喜欢我们这些十几岁的孩子;
花八分钟在洗手间里;花十分钟找小吃;
花七分钟查看电视节目预告;花六分钟告诉父母，老师从没解释过所布置的作业;
花十分钟坐在餐桌旁等妈妈或者爸爸来做作业。
英语阅读，是英语学习和英语教学中的一个重要环节，它是我们获取知识、外界信息，与外界交流的主要途径之一。我整理了课外英语短文带翻译，欢迎阅读!
On Saturday, the weather is sunny, cloudless sky, a group of birds chattering in the trees, as if to we hear singing hit song. At this moment, I saw a little sparrows on our car.
Father rushed the sparrow away, but the little sparrow or motionless parked in the car. Jumped up and down in a moment, my father caught the little sparrows, at this time, I carefully looked at the little sparrow, its feathers have not full long, also not too will fly, only walking up and down on the car. I said to my father: "dad, you don't catch! We should protect animals, not hurt them, this is wrong." Say that finish, I heard the tree sparrow kept calling, as if to say: "put a small sparrow, put it!" So my father gently sparrow on the branches, let the little sparrow in the nature of life freely. The sparrows on the tree one see we put the little sparrow, chattering again, as if to say to me: "you are such a good child to protect animals."
If no animal nature, all things, there is no life, if there is no grass plants, herbivorous animals can't live forever. Start from today, to protect the animals, love life, do a little guardians of nature.
全世界有794多种野生动物，其中有76科300余种濒临灭绝，还有很多已经灭绝了。人们为了钱财，不断杀害它们，导致野生动物大量灭绝。直到“非典”事件发生，人们才觉悟起来……
野生动物对我们帮助很大，例如燕子，燕子能帮我们吧田里的害虫吃掉。如果没有了它们，我们的周围就会有很多害虫，这些害虫对我们人类有很大的害处呀!
有些人认为，野生动物理应被杀掉，因为有些野生动物很危险。但我想对那些人说：没错，有些野生动物的确很危险，但它们一般多在远离人类的地方，所以我们不用害怕。而且有些野生动物也很可爱，例如大熊猫就很可爱，还有软软的绒毛。
“没有买卖，就没有杀害”这则公益广告说得真好，是的，只要人们不再去销售野生动物，就不会有人去买，更不会有被残害的野生动物了。
同学们，虽然我们现在的力量还很薄弱，但千万不要小看这力量。从现在开始，去保护野生动物吧，让世界充满和平!
The world has more than 794 kinds of wild animals, there are 76 families, 300 species endangered, there are many extinct. People for the sake of money, keep killing them, leading to a mass extinction of wild animals. Until the SARS incident, people wake...
Wild animals are of great help to us, for example, the swallow, swallow can help us to eat the pests in the field. Around if without them, we will have a lot of insects, these pests have great harm to us!
Some people think that wild animals should be killed, because some wild animals are dangerous. But I want to say to those people: yes, some wild animals is dangerous, but they are generally more away from the humans, so we don't have to fear. And some wild animals is very lovely, such as the giant panda is very cute, and soft hairs.
"No trading, no killing" the advertisement said well, yes, as long as people no longer to sell wild animals, no one will go to buy, there will be no more wild animals mutilated.
The classmates, although our strength is still very weak now, but don't look down on this power. From now on, to protect wild animals, let the world is full of peace!
在地球上，除了人类，还有什么呢?没错，还有动物。可几年下来，动物的数量逐渐下降。人类有没有把动物当朋友看呢?
动物和人类应该是好朋友，可为什么动物会和人类为敌呢?是因为人类没有把动物发在眼里。比如奶牛。人类用奶牛生产奶牛，可等奶牛没有奶的时候，人类就会把奶牛残忍地杀死。奶牛没奶时，不会将它放生吗?奶牛也是一条活生生的生命啊!近几年的“鼠疫、艾滋病、疯牛病、禽流感”，这些都是动物们奋起反击的预兆呀!难道人类还要打第三次世界大战吗?我们的祖先就是高级动物呀!如果人类再不制止这种滥杀动物的行为，是对我们的地区母亲沉重的打击呀!
我们现在不要再破坏动物的家园，这样动物们就可以安心繁殖后代。朋友们，还动物们一片蔚蓝的天空，让小鸟自由地飞翔;给动物一片绿草地，让牛羊欢快地奔跑;还动物一片汪洋，让动物无忧无虑地畅游海洋之中。也许，这样可以安抚动物们受伤的心灵。动物原本不坏，只是人类破坏它们的家园，这些只是它们对人类的“报复”而已。
朋友们，让我们一起保护动物吧!
Happiness is need to feel.
People felt the suantiankula in daily life, however, people often feel happy.
Students complain of too much homework, farmers complain of farm work too tired, worker complains the salary is too little, the unemployed complain without a job... So, people's face is full of complicated. Seldom found that happiness is beside him.
Whenever the confused friend of a greeting, when farmers harvest to the golden rice, hard whenever a hard day's parents see a hot cup of milk on the table, when the lonely old man received a letter from children far away... This is our happiness. Happiness always imperceptibly quietly come to your side.
In fact, happiness is a give and a kind of pay, a kind of dedication.
Happiness for us to listen, to see, to think about it. People, always remind of childhood when white-haired mother the warm eyes and tears.
Happiness is a kind of halcyon, a kind of indifferent, and often is hazy and feel with your heart, it is not gorgeous neon lights, disco is not strong, but the sky the gentle sunshine, cordial and warm caress with us.
In the usual study and life, I hope that we can learn to slowly feel happiness.
幸福是需要感受的。
人们在日常生活中感受到了酸甜苦辣，但是，人们却经常感受不到幸福。
学生抱怨作业太多，农民抱怨农活太累，工人抱怨工资太少，失业者抱怨没有工作……所以，人们的脸上布满愁云。却很少发现幸福就在身旁。
每当到困惑时朋友的一声问候，每当辛勤的农民收割到金灿灿的稻谷，每当辛苦了一天的父母看到桌子上一杯热腾腾的牛奶，每当孤独的老人收到远方儿女的来信……这就是我们的幸福。幸福总是不知不觉中悄悄来到你的身边。
其实，幸福是一种给予，一种付出，一种奉献。
幸福需要我们去听，去看，去想。人，总是在白发苍苍时才想起儿时母亲那温暖的目光而热泪盈眶。
幸福更是一种宁静，一种淡泊，又常常是朦胧而令人用心感悟的，它并不是华丽的霓虹灯，不是强劲的迪斯科，而是天际柔和的阳光，亲切而温暖地抚爱着我们。
在平时的学习、生活中，但愿我们能学会慢慢感受幸福。
随着世界各国间经济贸易商业往来日益频繁,经济全球化的发展迅速,国家对于专业型英语人才的需要也日益加强。我精心收集了优美英语小短文带翻译，供大家欣赏学习!
坚持下去的理由Reason to Keep Going
Just because life has let you down, it doesn’t mean that you must let yourself down. Pick yourself up, quickly take a positive step, and know that you are closer to reaching your goal than you have ever been before.
生活让你感到失望了,但这并不意味着你一定要让自己感到失望。站起来,快速踏出积极的一步。要知道你现在距离你的目标比之前更近了。
You have already been through some of the hard part and experienced some of the difficulty that you have to go through. So keep going, and make that experience count.
你已经通过了一些艰难险阻,也体验过了一些必然要经历的困苦,所以,坚持下去,让这些经历变得有价值。
Change your approach if that is what is called for. Learn from where you have been, adapt and adjust your efforts to be even more effective.
如果需要,请改变方法。从过去吸取教训,适应、调整让你的付出更加物有所值。
Every day, every encounter1 and every outcome is a new opportunity to move yourself forward. Keep focusing on the goal you have chosen, and keep moving in the best way that you know.
每一天、每一份阅历、每一次结果都是你进步的新契机。坚持你选定的目标,并通过最有效的途径朝它前进。
Disappointments are just as much a part of the process as victories. Be truly thankful for it all, and in your gratitude you will find a way to put it all to positive use.
失望,正如成功一样,是奋斗过程中的一部分。对你所有的经历充满感激,你会从中发现莫大的益处。
Whatever has happened is a perfect reason to keep going. Keep going, and create the life you have chosen to live.
发生过的一切事情都是坚持下去的极好的理由。坚持下去,创造自己选择的生活。
给自己的礼物Gifts That You Give Yourself
Are you burdened by your conesquences, or is your life blessed by the consequences you create? That depends entirely on the choices you make.
你在为自己酿的苦果所累吗?还是在自己创造的结果中享受幸福的生活?这完全取决于你自己的选择。
It may seem at times that the consequences are there to punish you. Actually, they are there as a manifestation of your thoughts, your actions and your attitude.
有时候,结果好像是用来惩罚你的。实际上,它们是你的思想、行为和态度的见证。
You cannot change the consequences that flow from specific actions. However, you can indeed change the actions you choose to take, and, by so doing, you can decide what consequences you create.
你不能改变某些特定行为带来的结果。然而,你可以选择改变你的行为。这样,你就能决定制造怎样的结果。
Consequences are gifts that you give to yourself, created by the choices you make. If you don’t like the consequences you have been getting, that is a clear message that you are sending yourself.
各种结果都是你给予自己的礼物,它们都是因你的选择而发生的。如果你不喜欢现在的结果,那么你正在向自己传达某个信息。
Positive and meaningful thoughts and actions bring desirable conesquences. As reliably as day follows night, the way you live creates the life you experience.
积极而有意义的思想和行为可以带来理想的结果。你的生活方式带来了你所经历的生活,这就如同白天在黑夜过后出现一样确定。
Take control of your consequences by putting positive intention into your choices. Make use of the power you have, and you can go wherever you choose.
做出积极而明确的选择,这样你就可以掌控结果。发挥自己的力量,你可以到达任何想去的地方。
目标重在实践
People often make resolutions at the beginning of the New Year. They work hard at them for a few weeks, maybe even a few months, and then forget about them. The next year, they make the same New Year’s resolutions. Why?
新年开始,人们总少不了要制定目标。人们为此颇动了一番脑筋,耗时几个星期,甚至可能几个月,可随后就忘个精光。第二年他们又如法炮制了同样的目标。这是为什么呢?或许他们设定的目标太不合实际了,然而,这并不是说,他们的目标就不值得一提。而是要将这些目标细致化、具体化,也不能太理想化。
They may be making goals that are too unrealistic1. That is not to say that they are not worthy goals. They need to be broken into smaller, more specific, and more attainable pieces. You probably know the joke. How do you eat an elephant? One spoonful at a time. It is the same with goals. Make spoon-size goals and achieve them easily. When you’ve mastered this, get a bigger spoon!
你大概听过这个笑话吧。怎样才能吞食一头大象呢?当然是一次吃一口了。设定目标也是这样。目标设小一些,就容易实现。当你掌握了小的目标,再来设大点的目标吧!
You may have filled your timetable with so many things that there is little room for your goals to grow. careful about how you use your time and what you focus on. Success often comes when you know what to leave out, rather than what to include in your life. Notice, too, how much time you spend on small things. Have you ever just "had" to clean your office before you could begin your project? Then you know how this works!
也许你的时间表早已排满,无法再实现新的目标了。那么,你可得留心时间的使用和计划的重点了。成功的诀窍在于懂得一生中你该放弃什么,而不是该纳入什么。切忌让鸡毛蒜皮的琐事耗费了你的时间。在实施你的目标之前,你是否曾经"必须"去清理你的办公室呢?那么,你熟谙此道了!
Goal setting is like the pig and the chicken who went out for a walk in the town. The chicken became excited when she saw a sign that said "Pork & Eggs, $". She said to the pig, "We’ve got double billing again." The pig said, "For you, it’s all in a day’s work. For me, it’s total commitment2."Goal setting is all in a day’s work. Goal achievement is total commitment.
设定目标有如结伴到镇上转悠的猪和鸡。鸡瞧见写着"猪肉和鸡蛋,美元"的招牌时激动不已,她对猪说:"我们的身价又涨了一倍呢!"猪说:"下几个蛋对你来说只是一天的功夫;而这肉对于我,可是全身心地投入啊。"设定目标只是一天的功夫,而实现目标就需要全身心地投入了。
毕业论文外文翻译是在网上找到一篇与你论文主旨相关的英文文章，然后自己翻译过来，篇幅必须长一点，因为一般毕业设计都要有字数限制。
本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译基本规范：
一、要求
1、与毕业论文分开单独成文。
2、两篇文献。
二、基本格式
1、文献应以英、美等国家公开发表的文献为主（Journals from English speaking countries）。
2、毕业论文翻译是相对独立的，其中应该包括题目、作者（可以不翻译）、译文的出处（杂志的名称）（5号宋体、写在文稿左上角）、关键词、摘要、前言、正文、总结等几个部分。
3、文献翻译的字体、字号、序号等应与毕业论文格式要求完全一致。
4、文中所有的图表、致谢及参考文献均可以略去，但在文献翻译的末页标注：图表、致谢及参考文献已略去(见原文)。（空一行，字体同正文）
5、原文中出现的专用名词及人名、地名、参考文献可不翻译，并同原文一样在正文中标明出处。
三、毕业论文（设计）外文翻译的内容要求
外文翻译内容必须与所选课题相关，外文原文不少于6000个印刷符号。译文末尾要用外文注明外文原文出处。
原文出处：期刊类文献书写方法：[序号]作者（不超过3人，多者用等或et al表示）.题（篇）名[J].刊名（版本）,出版年，卷次（期次）：起止页次。
原文出处：图书类文献书写方法：[序号]作者.书名[M].版本.出版地：出版者,出版年.起止页次。
原文出处：论文集类文献书写方法：[序号]作者.篇名[A].编著者.论文集名[C]. 出版地：出版者，出版年.起止页次。
要求有外文原文复印件。
扩展资料：
文献翻译要求
1、翻译要注重专业、准确
文献翻译涵盖许许多多的学科，每一学科都有自己的专业术语。比如，从事专利文献翻译的译者必须对相关专业术语有着深入的了解和清楚的把握，这样才能用专业、准确、规范的语言翻译出来。
2、翻译要注重知识更新
文献翻译涉及到各种学科，这些学科的发展是与时俱进的。因此，译员也要与时俱进，随时掌握最新的知识，这样才能更好地胜任翻译任务。
3、翻译要注重本地化
无论是将国外的文献翻译进来，还是将国内的文献介绍出去，翻译时都必须注意语言的本地化，符合目标语言的习惯。
4、翻译要注重语言严谨、流畅
文献翻译一方面讲究语言的严谨科学，逻辑的连贯严密，另一方面它也注重文字尽可能的优美流畅。因此，这类翻译对译者的目标语言使用能力是一种挑战。
参考资料：百度百科-文献翻译
阅读翻译外文文献是毕业论文撰写过程中一个非常重要的环节。毕业论文外文文献翻译应采取的策略包括研读原文、提纲表达、修改润色等。毕业论文外文文献翻译的技巧主要包括词类转换技巧、结构调整技巧、被动句的翻译技巧等。一毕业论文外文文献翻译外文文献包括英文、俄文、德文、法文、日文等多语种文献，本文以最通用的英文作为叙述语种。从近几年毕业论文外文文献翻译情况来看，一些学生翻译出来的文献内容不自然、不流畅、难懂、费解，甚至不知所云。究其原因，主要是由于学生普遍使用了Google“翻译”频道、金山词霸和CNKI“翻译助手”等翻译软件所致，并没有掌握翻译的基本方法与技巧，严重影响了外文文献翻译的质量。随着科学技术的迅猛发展和信息时代的到来，电子翻译（EleetroniCTarnslation）系统被人们广泛应用，但目前的电子翻译软件尚不完善，在翻译的过程中仍存在一些问题。现存翻译软件只是停留在单词与单词的直接转换阶段，一旦遇到一词多义的情况，系统便无法自行做出正确选择，译文也就会出错。而人工翻译则是通过对上下文的理解及长期的文化知识积累，准确地选择词义的。翻译人员通常只是参考词汇译文的意义，对于句子的表达方式则根据具体情况进行灵活地处理。机译的工作原理决定了翻译软件充其量只能达到人脑翻译的科学性要求，根本无法达到高度的艺术性的要求。基于此，学生不应盲目使用翻译软件，而应掌握一些翻译的策略和技巧，加强翻译训练，不断提高自身的翻译水平。二毕业论文外文文献翻译的基本策略01研读原文毕业论文外文文献翻译首先应真正读懂原文。具体来说，就是要理解句子和文献的真正含义，明确原文的主旨，准确理解原文内容本身的含义及与之相关的外延和内涵，还应抓住原文的中心思想和寓意，根据上下文理顺逻辑关系，确保文理清晰、译文准确。02提纲表达其次，应在透彻理解原文的基础上，写出译文提纲。首先，要研究文献的语法内容，如语态、时态等；要研究句子的结构，如恰当的词汇和句型等；要研究遣词用句，如充实单词或句子等。其次，要依照逻辑思维和语篇层次理顺全文。03修改润色译文初稿形成后，应从语法上检查，从语篇上分析，从逻辑上推敲，与原文对照，查看是否有错译漏译现象，看看有没有不合适和不通顺的尚需要进行润色加工的地方。三毕业论文外文文献翻译的技巧翻译并非简单的文字词汇互换，它涉及语言结构、思维模式、风俗习惯、社会文化、传播媒介等方方面面的知识，需要运用恰当的翻译方法和技巧，准确通顺地将一种语言文字转换成另一种语言文字。毕业论文外文文献翻译的技巧主要包括词类转换技巧、结构调整技巧和被动句的翻译技巧等。
在毕业论文写作过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节，尤其是研究生同学，一般导师都会要求阅读一定数量的英文文献，这是因为许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献，借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。
如何写开题报告，如何写文献综述，如何阅读外文文献，可以说，阅读一定数量的外文文献是毕业论文写作的必经之路。
要求如下：
1、前言
简要说明写作的目的，有关的概念以及综述范围，说明有关主题的现状或争论焦点，所要解决的问题等。一般以 100～200 字为宜，使读者在读完前言后对有关问题获得一个初步的轮廓。
2、主体
主体部分是全文的主要部分，具体写法以能较好地表达综述的内容为准则。通常根据内容的多少，将主体部分分为几段，每段有小标题。
可按年代顺序综述。也可按不同的问题进行综述，还可按不同的观点进行比较综述，不管用那一种格式综述，都要将所搜集到的文献资料归纳、整理及分析比较，阐明有关主题的历史背景、现状和发展方向，以及对这些问题的评述。
主题部分应特别注意代表性强、具有科学性和创造性的文献引用和评述。
主体部分每一段落的开始应是综合提炼出来的观点，即论点；接着是文献所提出的实验结果或调查事实，即论据，可见主体部分是按论点和论据组织材料的。
总之，综述主体部分是以综合概括的论点开头引路，继之以诸家的资料、实验结果为论据展开层次论证。所以，综述也是一种论证文章的体裁，只是论点与论据都是前人文献所提供。
如果前人的观点分散或不甚明确，则需作者整理概括，成为开头。在论述某些观点时，作者可有倾向性，但对相反的观点也应简要如实列出。对存在的矛盾和问题应充分如实描述。
3、总结
常见的方式有：
①扼要的概括、精练主题部分的主要内容；
②介绍尚待解决的问题及对前景的展望；
③某些篇幅较小的综述，也可以省略结束语。
4、参考文献
通常凡引述的资料和主要的论点都应注明文献出处，以便使读者检索查阅。所引文献应以近 3 年内者为主；另外，未公开发表的资料不宜作为参考文献。
在我国许多期刊希望列出重要的参考文献，一般限为 20～30 条为宜；但国际上许多生物医学期刊的综述文章，其参考文献甚多，全篇所列文献常达数百条之多。参考文献的著录格式国内尚不统一，应按各刊「投稿须知」要求撰写。
扩展资料：
1、如何查询国内专利文献
可通过中国国家知识产权局(）和中国专利信息中心（）网站上的「专利检索」。
可以免费检索全部中国专利信息（有文摘）。如需获取专利全文，则需前去中国国家知识产权局查阅，也可通过 CSDL 馆际互借和原文传递系统代为办理。
2、如何查询国外专利文献
科学院用户可首先选择查询 Web of Knowledge 中Derwent Innovations Index (德温特世界专利索引)，它是检索专利的权威数据库，收录全球了 40 多个专利机构的 900 万条基本专利，1800 万项专利，该库大部分有文摘，小部分有全文。
3、其它可供利用的网上免费数据库
欧洲专利局专利数据库：
（免费 文摘）
美国专利商标局专利数据库：
（免费 文摘、全文）
WTO知识产权组织：
（免费 文摘）
IBM专利数据库资源：
（免费 文摘、部分全文）
更多请参见中国专利信息网上的（国外）专利网站：
主要就是中英文摘要吧，正文应该不用哦。文献综述如果引用的是国外的，自己在正文中是引用翻译成中文的内容。