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精读论文参考文献英语

英文参考文献标准格式

参考文献是学术论文的重要组成部分,它的作用众所周知,在此不再赘述。参考文献是英语论文的重要组成部分,也是编辑加工和重要内容。为帮助大家顺利完成学术论文的撰写,我为大家介绍英语论文参考文献格式要求,欢迎阅读。

学位论文参考文献的.格式

丨 期刊

期刊作者.题名[J].刊名,出版年,卷(期):起止页码

周庆荣,张泽廷,朱美文,等.固体溶质在含夹带剂超临界流体中的溶解度[J].化工学报,1995,46(3):317 323

Dobbs J M, WongJ M. Modification of supercritical fluid phasebehavior using polorcoselvent[J]. Ind Eng Chem Res, 1987,26:56

刘仲能,金文清.合成医药中间体4-甲基咪唑的研究[J].精细化工,(2):103-105

Mesquita A C,Mori M N, Vieira J M, et al . Vinyl acetatepolymerization by ionizingradiation[J].Radiation Physics and Chemistry,2002, 63:465

丨 专著

专著作者.书名[M].版本(第一版不著录).出版地:出版者,出版年.起止页码

蒋挺大.亮聚糖[M].北京:化学工业出版社,

Kortun Spectroscopy[M]. New York: Spring-Verlag,1969

丨 论文集

论文集作者.题名[C].编者.论文集名.出版地:出版者,出版年.起止页码

郭宏,王熊,刘宗林.膜分离技术在大豆分离蛋白生产中综合利用的研究[C].余立新.第三届全国膜和膜过程学术报告会议论文集.北京:高教出版社,

Eiben A E,vander Hauw J 3-SAT with adaptive geneticalgorithms [C].Proc 4th IEEEConfEvolutionary Press,

丨 学位论文

学位论文作者.题名[D].保存地点:保存单位,年份

陈金梅.氟石膏生产早强快硬水泥的试验研究(D).西安:西安建筑科学大学,2000

ChrisstoffelsL A J . Carrier-facilitated transport as a mechanistic tool insupramolecular chemistry[D].The Netherland:

丨 专利文献

专利文献题名[P].国别,专利文献种类,专利号.出版日期

仲前昌夫, 佐藤寿昭. 感光性树脂[ P ]. 日本, 特开平

Hasegawa,Toshiyuki, Yoshida,et Coating composition[P].EP

Yamaguchi K,Hayashi A. Plant growth promotor and productionthereof [P].Jpn,

丨 技术标准文献

标准标准编号,标准名称[S]

ISO 1210-1982,塑料 小试样接触火焰法测定塑料燃烧性[S]

GB 2410-80,透明塑料透光率及雾度实验方法[S]

丨 报纸

报纸作者.题名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次)

陈志平.减灾设计研究新动态[N].科技日报,1997-12-12(5)

丨 报告

报告作者.题名[R].保存地点:年份

中国机械工程学会.密相气力输送技术[R].北京:1996

丨 电子文献

电子文献作者.题名[电子文献及载体类型标识].文献出处,日期

万锦柔.中国大学学报论文文摘(1983-1993)[DB/CD].北京:中国百科全书出版社,1996

文献类型及其标识

根据GB3469 规定:

①期刊[J]

②专著[M]

③论文集[C]

④学位论文[D]

⑤专利[P]

⑥标准[S]

⑦报纸[N]

⑧技术报告[R]

电子文献载体类型用双字母标识,例如:

①磁带[MT]

②磁盘[DK]

③光盘[CD]

④联机网络[OL]

①联机网上数据库[DB/OL]

②磁带数据库[DB/MT]

③光盘图书[M/CD]

④磁盘软件[CP/DK]

⑤网上期刊[J/OL]

⑥网上电子公告[EB/OL]

英文文献采用 APA格式

丨 单一作者著作的书籍:

姓,名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市:出版社.

Sheril, R. D.(1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego:Halstead.

丨 两位作者以上合著的书籍:

姓,名字首字母., & 姓,名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市:出版社.

Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992).Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma. Hamilton, ON:McMaster University Press.

丨 文集中的文章:

Mcdonalds, A.(1993). Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained containment ofsupernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and occult studies:Case studies in application (pp. 42–64). London: OtherWorld Books.

丨 期刊中的文章(非连续页码):

Crackton, P.(1987). The Loonie: God's long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change?Canadian Change, 64(7), 34–37.

丨期刊中的文章(连续页码):

姓,名字首字母.(年). 题目. 期刊名(斜体). 第几期,页码.

Rottweiler, F. T.,& Beauchemin, J. L. (1987). Detroit and Narnia: Two foes on the brink ofdestruction. Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66–146.

丨月刊杂志中的文章:

Henry, W. A., III.(1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

英语专业毕业论文参考文献精选

Cook,G. The Discourse of Advertising (Second edition).Routledge,2001

Coulthard, M. An Introduction to Discourse

Dyer,G. Advertising as

Simons,. Persuasion. Understanding, Practice, and Analysis, Random

Swales,M. Genre Analysis. English in Academic and Research Setting. Cambridge University .、K. Schroder. The Language of Adertising.

刘海平,王守仁 国际商务英语教程(2)南京:南京大学出版社,2000

吕煦 实用英语修辞 北京:清华大学出版社,2004

秦秀白 文体学概论 长沙:湖南教育出版社,1988

石定乐,彭春萍 商务跨文化交际 武汉:武汉大学出版社,2004

梭伦 实用商务英语 北京:中国纺织出版社,2002

王蕾 新闻英语 杭州:浙江大学出版社,2003

王燕希 广告英语一本通 北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社,2004

徐琴嫒,张开 新闻英语与媒介研究 北京:北京广播学院出版社,2004

张梅岗 科技英语修辞 长沙:湖南科技出版社,1998

赵静 广告英语 北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1993

曹志耘 广告语言艺术 长沙:湖南师范大学出版社,1992

陈定安 科技英语与翻译 台北:书林出版有限公司,1999

方薇 现代广告英语进程 南京:南京大学出版社,1997

侯维瑞 英语语体 上海:上海外语教育出版社,1988

胡文仲,吴祯福 实用英语写作 北京:北京外语教学与研究出版社,1998

胡壮麟 语篇的衔接与连贯 上海:上海外语教育出版社,1994

黄国文 语篇分析概要 长沙:湖南教育出版社,1988

李中行,戚肖山,张惠 广告英语 长沙:湖南教育出版社,1986

英文论文参考文献示例

无论在学习或是工作中,大家肯定对论文都不陌生吧,通过论文写作可以提高我们综合运用所学知识的能力。你写论文时总是无从下笔?以下是我收集整理的英文论文参考文献示例,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

英语论文参考文献格式范本

用Times New Roman。每一条目顶格,如某一条目超过一行,从第二行起“悬挂缩进”2字符。参考文献中所有标点与符号均在英文状态下输入,标点符号后空一格。

参考文献条目排列顺序:英文文献、中文文献、网络文献。分别按作者姓氏字母顺序排列。文献前不用序号。

1)英文参考文献

(1)专著与编著

排列顺序为:作者姓、名、专著名、出版地、出版社、出版年。

例如:

Brinkley, Alan. The Unfinished Nation. New York: Knopf, 1993.

专著名中如果还包含其他著作或作品名,后者用斜体。

例如:

Dunn, Richard J ed. Charlotte Bront: Jane Eyre. New York: Norton, 1971.

A.两个至三个作者

第一作者的姓在前,名在后,中间用逗号隔开;其余作者名在前,姓在后,中间无逗号;每个作者之间用逗号隔开,最后一个作者的姓名前用“and”,后用句号。

例如:

Rowe, Richard, and Larry Jeffus. The Essential Welder: Gas Metal Arc Welding Classroom Manual. Albany: Delmar, 2000.

B. 三个以上作者

第一作者姓名(姓在前,名在后,中间加逗号)后接“et al.”,其他作者姓名省略。

例如:

Randall, John et al. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1997.

C. 同一作者同一年出版的不同文献,参照下例:

Widdowson, Henry G. EIL: Squaring the Circles. A Reply. London: Lomgman, 1998a.

Widdowson, Henry G. Communication and Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998b.

(2)论文集

参照下例:

Thompson, Pett. “Modal Verbs in Academic Writing”. In Ben Kettlemann & Marko, Henry ed. Teaching and Learning by Doing Corpus Analysis. New York: Rodopi, 2002: 305-323.

(3)百科全书等参考文献

参照下例:

Fagan, Jeffrey. “Gangs and Drugs”. Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol and Addictive Behavior. New York: Macmillan, 2001.

(4)学术期刊论文

参照下例:

Murphy, Karen. “Meaningful Connections: Using Technology in Primary Classrooms”. Young Children. 2003, (6): 12-18.

(5)网络文献

参照下例:

----“Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About URL” .

2)中文参考文献

(1)专著

参照下例:

皮亚杰.结构主义[M].北京:商务印书馆,1984.

(2)期刊文章

参照下例:

杨忠,张韶杰.认知语音学中的类典型论[J].外语教学与研究,1999,(2):1-3.

(3)学位论文

参照下例:

梁佳.大学英语四、六级测试试题现状的理论分析与问题研究[D].湖南大学,2002.

(4)论文集

参照下例:

许小纯.含义和话语结构[A].李红儒.外国语言与文学研究[C].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,1999:5-7.

(5)附录本

翻译学论文参考文献范例

参考文献:

奥马利 第二语言习得的学习策略上海:上海外语出版社,2001

陈保亚 20 世纪中国语言学方法论 济南:山东教育出版社,1999

丁言仁 英语语言学纲要 上海:上海外语出版社,2001

费尔迪南 德 索绪尔 普通语言学教程 长沙:湖南教育出版社,2001

冯翠华 英语修辞大全 北京:商务印书馆,1996

桂诗春,宁春言主编 语言学方法论 北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1998

桂诗春 应用语言学长沙:湖南教育出版社,1998

何兆熊 新编语用学概要 上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000

何自然 语用学与英语学习 上海:上海外语教育出版社,1997

侯维瑞 英语语体 上海:上海外语教育出版社,1988

胡壮麟 语言学教程(修订版)北京:北京大学出版社,2001

黄国文 语篇与语言的功能 北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2002

黄国文 语篇分析概要长沙:湖南教育出版社,1988

李延富主编 英语语言学基本读本 济南:山东大学出版社,1999

李运兴 语篇翻译引论 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2000

刘润清 西方语言学流派北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1999

刘润清等 现代语言学名著选读(上下册)北京:测绘出版社,1988

刘润清等 语言学入门 北京:人民教育出版社,1990

陆国强 现代英语词汇学(新版)上海:上海外语教育出版社,1999

拓展内容:

书写格式

1.参考文献标注的位置

2. 参考文献标标注方法和规则

3. 参考文献标标注的格式

2007年8月20日在清华大学召开的“综合性人文社会科学学术期刊编排规范研讨会”决定,2008年起开始部分刊物开始执行新的规范“综合性期刊文献引证技术规范”。该技术规范概括了文献引证的“注释”体例和“著者—出版年”体例。不再使用“参考文献”的说法。这两类文献著录或引证规范在中国影响较大,后者主要在层次较高的人文社会科学学术期刊中得到了应用。

⑴文后参考文献的著录规则为GB/T 7714-2005《文后参考文献著录规则》,适用于“著者和编辑编录的文后参考文献,而不能作为图书馆员、文献目录编制者以及索引编辑者使用的文献著录规则”。

⑵顺序编码制的具体编排方式。参考文献按照其在正文中出现的先后以阿拉伯数字连续编码,序号置于方括号内。一种文献被反复引用者,在正文中用同一序号标示。一般来说,引用一次的文献的页码(或页码范围)在文后参考文献中列出。格式为著作的“出版年”或期刊的“年,卷(期)”等+“:页码(或页码范围).”。多次引用的文献,每处的页码或页码范围(有的刊物也将能指示引用文献位置的信息视为页码)分别列于每处参考文献的序号标注处,置于方括号后(仅列数字,不加“p”或“页”等前后文字、字符;页码范围中间的连线为半字线)并作上标。作为正文出现的参考文献序号后需加页码或页码范围的,该页码或页码范围也要作上标。作者和编辑需要仔细核对顺序编码制下的参考文献序号,做到序号与其所指示的文献同文后参考文献列表一致。另外,参考文献页码或页码范围也要准确无误。

⑶参考文献类型及文献类型,根据GB3469-83《文献类型与文献载体代码》规定,以单字母方式标识:

专著M ; 报纸N ;期刊J ;专利文献P;汇编G ;古籍O;技术标准S ;

学位论文D ;科技报告R;参考工具K ;检索工具W;档案B ;录音带A ;

图表Q;唱片L;产品样本X;录相带V;会议录C;中译文T;

乐谱I; 电影片Y;手稿H;微缩胶卷U ;幻灯片Z;微缩平片F;其他E。

书写技巧

把光标放在引用参考文献的地方,在菜单栏上选“插入|脚注和尾注”,弹出的对话框中选择“尾注”,点击“选项”按钮修改编号格式为阿拉伯数字,位置为“文档结尾”,确定后Word就在光标的地方插入了参考文献的`编号,并自动跳到文档尾部相应编号处请你键入参考文献的说明,在这里按参考文献著录表的格式添加相应文献。参考文献标注要求用中括号把编号括起来,以word2007为例,可以在插入尾注时先把光标移至需要插入尾注的地方,然后点击 引用-脚注下面的一个小箭头,在出现的对话框中有个自定义,然后输入中括号及数字,然后点插入,然后自动跳转到本节/本文档末端,此时再输入参考文献内容即可。

在文档中需要多次引用同一文献时,在第一次引用此文献时需要制作尾注,再次引用此文献时点“插入|交叉引用”,“引用类型”选“尾注”,引用内容为“尾注编号(带格式)”,然后选择相应的文献,插入即可。

不要以为已经搞定了,我们离成功还差一步。论文格式要求参考文献在正文之后,参考文献后还有发表论文情况说明、附录和致谢,而Word的尾注要么在文档的结尾,要么在“节”的结尾,这两种都不符合我们的要求。解决的方法似乎有点笨拙。首先删除尾注文本中所有的编号(我们不需要它,因为它的格式不对),然后选中所有尾注文本(参考文献说明文本),点“插入|书签”,命名为“参考文献文本”,添加到书签中。这样就把所有的参考文献文本做成了书签。在正文后新建一页,标题为“参考文献”,并设置好格式。光标移到标题下,选“插入|交叉引用”,“引用类型”为“书签”,点“参考文献文本”后插入,这样就把参考文献文本复制了一份。选中刚刚插入的文本,按格式要求修改字体字号等,并用项目编号进行自动编号。

打印文档时,尾注页同样会打印出来,而这几页是我们不需要的。当然,可以通过设置打印页码范围的方法不打印最后几页。这里有另外一种方法,如果你想多学一点东西,请接着往下看。

选中所有的尾注文本,点“格式|字体”,改为“隐藏文字”,切换到普通视图,选择“视图|脚注”,此时所有的尾注出现于窗口的下端,在“尾注”下拉列表框中选择“尾注分割符”,将默认的横线删除。同样的方法删除“尾注延续分割符”和“尾注延续标记”。删除页眉和页脚(包括分隔线),选择“视图|页眉和页脚”,首先删除文字,然后点击页眉页脚工具栏的“页面设置”按钮,在弹出的对话框上点“边框”,在“页面边框”选项卡,边框设置为“无”,应用范围为“本节”;“边框”选项卡的边框设置为“无”,应用范围为“段落”。切换到“页脚”,删除页码。选择“工具|选项”,在“打印”选项卡里确认不打印隐藏文字(Word默认)。

注:以上在word中的处理是比较常用的做法,不过作者需要了解,投稿稿件是word格式或pdf格式或wps格式,但是很多期刊是用方正排版系统排版的,二者不“兼容”。因此,作者的word投稿只是编辑部排版的原稿,排版问题作者无需太过担心;而作者如想要编辑部出刊前最后的电子稿(有些作者着急要清样或已经排版的电子稿)其实也没有太大意义,因为没有方正的软件就无法打开这个电子稿。

英语论文参考文献精选3篇

小学英语论文参考文献(通用5篇)

在个人成长的多个环节中,大家都不可避免地要接触到论文吧,通过论文写作可以培养我们的科学研究能力。那么,怎么去写论文呢?下面是我为大家整理的小学英语论文参考文献,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

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英文论文写作参考文献

参考文献是文章或著作等写作过程中参考过的文献,文后参考文献是指为撰写或编辑论文和著作而引用的有关文献信息资源。

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英语绘本阅读论文参考文献

小学英语论文参考文献(通用5篇)

在个人成长的多个环节中,大家都不可避免地要接触到论文吧,通过论文写作可以培养我们的科学研究能力。那么,怎么去写论文呢?下面是我为大家整理的小学英语论文参考文献,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

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一、小学英语论文新颖题目(50篇)

1、解读小学英语教学中如何培养学生语感

2、如何在小学英语语篇教学中提高学生的阅读能力

3、活用"微课"激活小学英语课堂

4、让学生在生活中学出一片天地--浅谈小学英语教学"生活化"的实施策略

5、小学英语阅读教学有效性提高策略分析

6、"互联网+"背景下农村小学英语听说能力的实践

7、角色扮演在小学英语教学中的实践探究

8、让小学英语课堂因信息技术而"熠熠生辉"

9、创设生活化的小学英语情景教学

10、注重学法指导,构建高效小学英语课堂

11、小学英语课堂教学中师生互动存在的问题及对策

12、让农村小学的英语课堂"玩"起来[N]

13、小学英语教师不同课型教学行为特征分析

14、轮岗交流背景下跨区域协作对教师专业发展的影响与思考--基于对江苏省A县小学英语教师的开放式问卷调查

15、小学英语单元整体教学情境创设浅探

16、主题意义探究下的小学英语单元整体教学

17、基于核心素养视野的小学英语绘本阅读教育研究

18、趣味教学法在小学英语词汇教学中的运用

19、小学英语课堂教学中戏剧活动的实践探究

20、关于小学英语阅读与写作教学的结合

21、运用英语课本剧助力小学英语教学

22、小学英语教学中的口语训练

23、信息时代家校合作模式下的小学英语教学策略分析

24、小学英语课堂思维导图教学法的应用探讨

25、浅谈思维导图在小学英语教学中的运用

26、小学英语教学中学生积极情感态度的培养分析

27、互动教学在小学英语课堂教学中的运用

28、故事教学法在小学英语课堂上的应用

29、构建"学共"课堂,焕发小学英语教学活力

30、小学英语语法教学的研究

31、小学英语教学中的信息技术应用

32、英文原声电影在小学英语教学中的应用

33、小学英语报刊阅读教学探究

34、浅谈盲校小学六年级英语的课堂提问设计--以Unit3ReadandWrite为例

35、情景教学在小学英语教学中的应用

36、信息技术助力下的小学英语"拼读与阅读"课堂

37、浅谈语块教学在小学英语口语教学中重要性

38、小学英语阅读教学中学生高阶思维能力的培养

39、在小学英语课程中应用趣味教学法的策略研究

40、在小学英语教学中应用微课的策略分析

41、声声入耳--小学英语听力教学的重要一环

42、立足核心素养强化小学英语写作教学

43、情感教育在小学英语教学中的重要性分析

44、小学英语培养学生思维品质的教学设计策略--以译林版教材综合板块为例

45、英语教学之"武林秘籍"--提高小学英语教学的有效策略

46、主题意义下小学英语语篇教学的实践

47、创造教育理念在小学英语教学中的应用分析

48、核心素养背景下如何提高小学英语课堂口语教学分析

49、小学英语的教学问题及对策分析

50、万丈高楼平地起--浅谈小学英语词汇教学

一、绘本教学课堂观摩         会议伊始,由县洪凝小学张旭灵老师同五年级的学生带来绘本课The Singing Bird。         教学目标:1)了解故事情节;2)能借助图片和文字的提示讲述这个故事;3)能够认识到野生动物应该生活在自然里,激发学生爱护动物的意识。         阅读策略:1)图片环游,帮助学生理解故事;2)利用插图和已有知识猜测单词意义。         Pre-reading: What can you get from the cover? What’ s the title? What do you want to know about the story?认读封面信息,培养学生认识作者和标题的好习惯。为学生梳理故事中出现的主要形象和名称,为阅读任务理清思路,扫清障碍。         While-reading: Which season? How do you know? Why did the bird sing? How did they feel? Why were they all happy? What happened to the king and the bird? If you were the king, what did you do? Were they happy now? What happened? 通过情景创设、学生猜测交流、布置阅读任务等活动,帮助学生了解故事内容,调动学生阅读兴趣。实现教学目标、突破教学重点,帮助学生梳理故事主线,激发学生继续阅读故事情节的兴趣,同时培养学生合作学习的能力、提取信息的能力。         Post-reading: 通过听录音跟读文本,再次梳理复习文本中的生词及核心词汇。通过复述故事,再次梳理故事主线, 锻炼学生用已知语言组织故事的能力。用问题引发学生思考,What do you learn from the story? 用思考升华故事的主题“观鸟”、“关鸟”。         二、互动教学系统培训         来自外研社的姜老师向与会教师介绍了自然拼读课程、分级阅读课程、活动类课程设计。         自然拼读课程,目前我校在使用的有《自然拼读过关必备》,自然拼读读物有《丽声妙想英文绘本》(第三级),要将自然拼读与绘本阅读相结合,才能发挥Phonics的作用。《大猫自然拼读》这套书很吸引眼球,下步考虑入手,陪孩子们一起学习使用。         分级阅读课程,《大猫》系列接触的比较多,属于非常受孩子们喜欢的分级绘本。《多维阅读》《悠游阅读成长计划》这两套分级书,下步考虑入手。         活动类课程设计,表演类的活动课《丽声英语小剧场》考虑入手,在周三下午自主选课时间排练,用于成果展示。         三、县代表经验交流         我们一共聆听了6位教师代表做了关于绘本教学的经验介绍。         来自新营小学的教师代表分享《绘本 为学生开启世界之窗》,从教学现状、校本课程实施、教学困惑、下步计划等方面,结合学校校本课、阅读课、课堂补充等,详细介绍好经验、好做法,期待通过家校合作,扩大辐射面。         来自岚山区的教师代表分享《核心素养与英语绘本教学的美丽相遇》,主要是意识上的创新、活动上的创新等方面介绍。结合思维导图开展绘本教学实践,将绘本教学与教材相融合,以求提升学生核心素养。         来自莒县的教师代表分享《阅读悦美,共研同行》,从绘本阅读大环境、学校绘本使用情况、绘本教学的感悟与收获、教学困惑、下一步工作计划等方面分析,尝试教材与绘本融合,借助思维导图,引导学生角色代入体验故事、体验角色,开展持续默读,提升英语阅读素养。         来自五莲县教研室分享《开展英语绘本悦读 厚植学生英语素养》,从县域层面、校级层面、个人层面等介绍。指导文件导向,要求扎实推进英语阅读课程、强化英语课外阅读研究、制定英语课外阅读篇目,英语阅读工作室选定阅读书目供全县使用。利用周三下午自主选课时间,各实验校开展绘本阅读,通过校内外文化等营造阅读氛围,创作绘本、绘本表演剧等。         来自经济开发区的教师代表分享《绘本教学与课本教学融合》,结合学校校本课程实施进行了教学成果展示。         来自山海天教师代表分享《高效利用绘本教学材料》,从课外阅读和课上精读相结合、自由阅读和组内班内分享读相结合、课下学生自读与课上教师引导读相结合、大声模仿读和表演绘本相结合等介绍。        四、绘本教学指导意见         市教科研中心徐姗老师分享《依托外研课代表计划助推绘本阅读教学开展》,从绘本(分级)阅读教学意义、开展英语分级阅读教学的理论基础和开展绘本阅读教学的途径三方面介绍。        根据有关中小学生英语阅读素养的论述,阅读素养由阅读能力和阅读品格两大要素构成。开展绘本阅读教学遵循儿童发展规律,推进学生的有效发展,总结分级读物特征,突破传统阅读模式,提供良好的阅读体验。徐老师结合案例向我们详细介绍几种可操作性比较强的教学途径,图片环游(Picture Tour)、 持 续 默读 (Sustained Silent Reading)、拼图阅读(Jigsaw Reading)、阅读圈(Reading Circles)和读者小剧场(Readers Theatre)。         图片环游适用于各类绘本的教学。在实施过程中,教师需要充分调动学生参与阅读的积极性,学生也需要有比较充足的课堂时间开展阅读。         持续默读的主要目的是培养学生的阅读兴趣,让阅读成为学生生活的一部分。持续默读是一种操作简单的教学活动,即教师和学生一起在每天特定的时间段(通常是5—15分钟),不受其他事情的干扰而进行自主默读,并且读后不必进行相关阅读测试或报告。         阅读圈适合于具有一定英语水平和阅读能力的学生。教师可根据学生的年龄和阅读水平,调整角色或补充适切的角色。         开展绘本阅读教学,教师应将教材和绘本教学进行有机结合,根据学生情况扬长避短地使用好教材和绘本。只有长期坚持才会收获学生的进步和学生阅读素养的发展,要以培养阅读品格为终极目标,牢记阅读的本质,促进学生英语阅读素养健康持续发展。                                                                                                                                                 供图 | 莒县 王晓明

英语美文朗读精选文章

朗诵虽是朗诵者的二度创作,但诗词本身所表现的意境美是不可忽略的,更要结合朗诵者的体会,在朗诵过程中得以升华。下面是我带来的英文经典朗诵美文,欢迎阅读!英文经典朗诵美文篇一 That's what friends do 朋友就该这么做 Jack tossed the papers on my desk—his eyebrows knit into a straight line as he glared at me. 杰克把文件扔到我桌上,皱着眉头,气愤地瞪着我。 "What's wrong?" I asked. “怎么了?”我问道。 He jabbed a finger at the proposal. "Next time you want to change anything, ask me first," he said, turning on his heels and leaving me stewing in anger. 他指着计划书狠狠地说道:“下次想作什么改动前,先征求一下我的意见。”然后转身走了,留下我一个人在那里生闷气。 How dare he treat me like that, I thought. I had changed one long sentence, and corrected grammar, something I thought I was paid to do. 他怎么能这样对我!我想,我只是改了一个长句,更正了语法错误,但这都是我的分内之事啊。 It's not that I hadn't been warned. Other women who had worked my job before me called Jack names I couldn't repeat. One coworker took me aside the first day. "He's personally responsible for two different secretaries leaving the firm," she whispered. 其实也有人提醒过我,上一任在我这个职位上工作的女士就曾大骂过他。我第一天上班时,就有同事把我拉到一旁小声说:“已有两个秘书因为他而辞职了。” As the weeks went by, I grew to despise Jack. His actions made me question much that I believed in, such as turning the other cheek and loving your enemies. Jack quickly slapped a verbal insult on any cheek turned his way. I prayed about the situation, but to be honest, I wanted to put Jack in his place, not love him. 几周后,我逐渐有些鄙视杰克了,而这又有悖于我的信条——别人打你左脸,右脸也转过去让他打;爱自己的敌人。但无论怎么做,总会挨杰克的骂。说真的,我很想灭灭他的嚣张气焰,而不是去爱他。我还为此默默祈祷过。 One day another of his episodes left me in tears. I stormed into his office, prepared to lose my job if needed, but not before I let the man know how I felt. I opened the door and Jack glanced up. “What?” he asked abruptly. 一天,因为一件事,我又被他气哭了。我冲进他的办公室,准备在被炒鱿鱼前让他知道我的感受。我推开门,杰克抬头看了我一眼。“有事吗?”他突然说道。 Suddenly I knew what I had to do. After all, he deserved it. 我猛地意识到该怎么做了。毕竟,他罪有应得。 I sat across from him and said calmly, "Jack, the way you've been treating me is wrong. I've never had anyone speak to me that way. As a professional, it's wrong, and I can't allow it to continue." 我在他对面坐下:“杰克,你对待我的方式很有问题。还从没有人像你那样对我说话。作为一个职业人士,你这么做很愚蠢,我无法容忍这样的事情再度发生。” Jack snickered nervously and leaned back in his chair. I closed my eyes briefly. God help me, I prayed. 杰克不安地笑了笑,向后靠靠。我闭了一下眼睛,祈祷着,希望上帝能帮帮我。 "I want to make you a promise. I will be a friend," I said. "I will treat you as you deserve to be treated, with respect and kindness. You deserve that. Everybody does." I slipped out of the chair and closed the door behind me. “我保证,可以成为你的朋友。你是我的上司,我自然会尊敬你,礼貌待你,这是我应做的。每个人都应得到如此礼遇。”我说着便起身离开,把门关上了。 Jack avoided me the rest of the week. Proposals, specs, and letters appeared on my desk whileI was at lunch, and my corrected versions were not seen again. I brought cookies to the officeone day and left a batch on his desk. Another day I left a note. "Hope your day is going great,"it read. 那个星期余下的几天,杰克一直躲着我。他总趁我吃午饭时,把计划书、技术说明和信件放在我桌上,并且,我修改过的文件不再被打回来。一天,我买了些饼干去办公室,顺便在杰克桌上留了一包。第二天,我又留了一张字条,在上面写道:“祝你今天一切顺利。” Over the next few weeks, Jack reappeared. He was reserved, but there were no otherepisodes. Coworkers cornered me in the break room. "Guess you got to Jack," they said. "Youmust have told him off good." 接下来的几个星期,杰克不再躲避我了,但沉默了许多,办公室里再也没发生不愉快的事情。于是,同事们在休息室把我团团围了起来。“听说杰克被你镇住了,”他们说,“你肯定大骂了他一顿。” I shook my head. "Jack and I are becoming friends," I said in faith. I refused to talk about time I saw Jack in the hall, I smiled at him. After all, that's what friends do. 我摇了摇头,一字一顿地说:“我们会成为朋友。”我根本不想提起杰克,每次在大厅看见他时,我总冲他微笑。毕竟,朋友就该这样。 One year after our "talk," I discovered I had breast cancer. I was thirty-two, the mother of threebeautiful young children, and scared. The cancer had metastasized to my lymph nodes and thestatistics were not great for long-term survival. After my surgery, friends and loved onesvisited and tried to find the right words. No one knew what to say, and many said the wrongthings. Others wept, and I tried to encourage them. I clung to hope myself. 一年后,我32岁,是三个漂亮孩子的母亲,但我被确诊为乳腺癌,这让我极端恐惧。癌细胞已经扩散到我的淋巴腺。从统计数据来看,我的时间不多了。手术后,我 拜访 了亲朋好友,他们尽量宽慰我,都不知道说些什么好,有些人反而说错了话,另外一些人则为我难过,还得我去安慰他们。我始终没有放弃希望。 One day, Jack stood awkwardly in the doorway of my small, darkened hospital room. I wavedhim in with a smile. He walked over to my bed and without a word placed a bundle beside the package lay several bulbs. 就在我出院的前一天,我看到门外有个人影。是杰克,他尴尬地站在门口。我微笑着招呼他进来,他走到我床边,默默地把一包东西放在我旁边,那里边是几个球茎。 "Tulips," he said. “这是郁金香。”他说。 I grinned, not understanding. 我笑着,不明白他的用意。 He shuffled his feet, then cleared his throat. "If you plant them when you get home, they'llcome up next spring. I just wanted you to know that I think you'll be there to see them whenthey come up." 他清了清嗓子,“回家后把它们种下,到明年春天就长出来了。”他挪挪脚,“我希望你知道,你一定看得到它们发芽开花。” Tears clouded my eyes and I reached out my hand. "Thank you," I whispered. 我泪眼朦胧地伸出手。 Jack grasped my hand and gruffly replied, "You're welcome. You can't see it now, but nextspring you'll see the colors I picked out for you. I think you'll like them." He turned and leftwithout another word. “谢谢你。”我低声说。杰克抓住我的手,生硬地答道:“不必客气。到明年长出来后,你就能看到我为你挑的是什么颜色的郁金香了。”之后,他没说一句话便转身离开了。 For ten years, I have watched those red-and-white striped tulips push their way through thesoil every spring. 转眼间,十多年过去了,每年春天,我都会看着这些红白相间的郁金香破土而出。事实上,今年九月,医生已宣布我痊愈了。我也看着孩子们高中 毕业 ,进入大学。 In a moment when I prayed for just the right word, a man with very few words said all the rightthings. 在那绝望的时刻,我祈求他人的安慰,而这个男人寥寥数语,却情真意切,温暖着我脆弱的心。 After all, that's what friends do. 毕竟,朋友之间就该这么做。 英文经典朗诵美文篇二 A church built with 57 cents - Anonymous 57美分建成的教堂 匿名 A sobbing little girl stood near a small church from which she had been turned away because it "was too crowded."I can't go to Sunday school," she sobbed to the pastor as he walked by. 一个小女孩被拦在一座小教堂外面,“因为里面“太拥挤了,他们不让我进星期日学校(在美国,星期日学校是指在星期天对 儿童 进行宗教 教育 的学校)。”小女孩向一位路过的牧师哭诉道。 Seeing her shabby, unkempt appearance, the pastor guessed the reason and,taking her by the hand,took her inside and found a place for her in the Sunday school child was so happy that they found room for her, that she went to bed that night thinking of the children who have no place to worship Jesus. 见她蓬头垢面、衣衫褴褛的样子,牧师便猜出她为何被拒之门外了。于是,牧师牵着她的小手,把她带进教堂,在星期日学校的教室里给她找到了一个位置,小女孩非常高兴。 Some two years later, this child lay dead in one of the poor tenement buildings and the parents called for the kindhearted pastor, who had befriended their daughter, to handle the final her poor little body was being moved, a worn and crumpled purse was found which seemed to have been rummaged from some trash dump. 两年后,小女孩在一间破旧的贫民屋里离开了人世。她的父母把那位曾经善待他们女儿的好心牧师请过来料理后事。当他们挪动可怜的小女孩的遗体时,从她身上突然滑落了一个皱巴巴的、破烂不堪的、像是从垃圾堆里翻出来的红色小钱包。 Inside was found 57 cents and a note scribbled in childish handwriting which read, "This is to help build the little church bigger so more children can go to Sunday School. 钱包里共有57美分,还有一张小纸条,上面用歪歪扭扭的小孩字迹写道:“这些钱用来扩建小教堂,这样更多的小朋友就能够上星期日学校了。” For two years she had saved for this offering of the pastor tearfully read that note, he knew instantly what he would this note and the cracked, red pocketbook to the pulpit, he told the story of her unselfish love and devotion. 小女孩花了两年的时间来积攒这份爱!牧师泪流满面地看完这张纸条,立刻意识到自己该做些什么。他把这张小纸条和红色钱包带到教堂的讲坛,向众人讲述这个充满了无私的爱与宗教虔诚的感人 故事 。 He challenged his deacons to get busy and raise enough money for the larger building. 牧师还向教堂的执事提议,通过募集资金来扩建这座小教堂。 But the story does not end there! 但是,故事并未就此结束…… A newspaper learned of the story and published it. It was read by a Realtor who offered them aparcel of land worth many told that the church could not pay so much, heoffered it for 57 cents. Church members made large donations. Checks came from far five years the little girl's gift had increased to $250, huge sum for thattime (near the! turn of the century).Her unselfish love had paid large dividend. 一家报社得知这一情况,将整个故事搬上了报纸。一个富裕的房地产商读到这篇 文章 后,把一块价值不菲的地皮以57美分的价格卖给了这个小教堂。教区的人们捐助了一大笔钱,馈赠的支票也从四面八方汇集而来。短短五年的时间,捐赠的数字已从当初小女孩的57美分增加到25万美元——这在20世纪初,可是一笔相当可观的财富! When you are in the city of Philadelphia, look up Temple Baptist Church, with a seating capacityof 3,300 and Temple University,where hundreds of students are a look, too, at theGood Samaritan Hospital and at a Sunday School building which houses hundreds of SundaySchoolers, so that no child in the area will ever need to be left outside during Sunday schooltime. 现在,如果您到费城,请参观一下拥有3,300个座位的天普浸信会教堂(坦普尔大教堂),也不要忘了去看一看天普大学(坦普尔大学),成千上万的学生在那儿接受教育。同时,再到撒马利亚慈善医院瞧一瞧,以及扩建后的星期日学校,如今,教区的数百名活泼可爱的儿童都可以进入星期日学校,没人会被拒之门外。 In one of the rooms of this building may be seen the picture of the sweet face of the little girlwhose 57 cents,so sacrificially saved, made such remarkable history. Alongside of it is aportrait of her kind pastor, Dr. Russel H. Conwell, author of the book, "Acres of Diamonds" Atrue story, which goes to show WHAT GOD, CAN DO WITH 57 cents. 星期日学校里面,有一个房间专门用来陈列这个小女孩的画像,画面上的小女孩是那么可爱,这个贫穷的小女孩用节俭下来的57美分创造了一段非同寻常的历史。画像旁边陈列着那位好心牧师的肖像,《万亩钻石》的作者——鲁塞·H·康威尔( Russell H. Conwell)博士。 英文经典朗诵美文篇三 Forgiveness 宽恕的艺术 To forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. 宽恕是神圣的,但是没有人说很容易做到宽恕别人。 When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your grudge. 当你被深深伤害的时候,想要不怀恨在心是很难做到的。 But forgiveness is possible -- and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. 但是宽恕是可能的——而且这会给你的身心健康带来出乎意料的益处。 "People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness," says Frederic, ., author of Forgive for Good. " 《宽恕的好处》一书的作者弗雷德里克博士说。 “懂得宽恕的人不会感到那么沮丧、愤怒和紧张,他们总是充满希望。 So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital." 所以宽恕有助于减少人体各种器官的损耗,降低免疫系统的疲劳程度并使人精力更加充沛。” So how do you start the healing? Try following these steps: 那么,如何恢复自己的情绪呢?试试下面的一些步骤吧: Calm yourself. To defuse your anger, try a simple stress-management technique. " 让自己冷静下来。尝试一种简单的减压技巧来缓解你愤怒的情绪。 Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love," Frederic says. 弗雷德里克建议:“做几次深呼吸,然后想想那些令你快乐的事情,比如自然界的美丽景色,或者你爱的人。” Don't wait for an apology. "Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing," Frederic says. 不要等别人来道歉。弗雷德里克说:“许多时候,伤害你的人没有想过要道歉。” "They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time." “他们可能是故意的,也可能只是和你看待事物的方式不一样。所以如果你等着别人来道歉,你可能会等相当长的时间。” Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action. 你要牢记,宽恕并不一定意味着顺从那些让你心烦意乱的人,也不意味着饶恕他或她的行为。 Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. " 不要让冒犯你的人控制你的情绪。内心里总是想着自己的伤痛,只会给伤害你的人打气。 Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you," Frederic says. 弗雷德里克说:“与其老是关注自己受到的伤害,还不如学着去寻找你身边的真善美。” Try to see things from the other person's perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear -- even love. 试着从别人的角度来看问题。如果你站在别人的立场上,你也许会意识到他或她是因为无知、害怕、甚至是爱才那样做的。 To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view. 为了能够站在别人的角度来看问题,你可以从冒犯你的人的立场给你自己写一封信。 Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns. 认识到宽恕的益处。研究表明懂得宽恕的人精力更旺盛、食欲更好、睡觉更香。 Don't forget to forgive yourself. "For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge," Frederic says. "But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don't do it." 不要忘了宽恕自己。弗雷德里克说:“对于有些人来说,宽恕自己才是最大的挑战。但是如果你不宽恕自己,你会失去自信。”

朗读是学生 学习英语 的一种有效的 方法 ;是提高听、说、读、写综合能力的一种行之有效的途径;能使学生更好地体会、理解和表达课文或读物的思想感情。我精心收集了适合朗读的英语 文章 ,供大家欣赏学习!适合朗读的英语文章篇1 When The Wind Blows Years ago a farmer owned land along the Atlantic seacoast. He constantly advertised for hired hands. Most people were reluctant to work on farms along the Atlantic. They dreaded the awful storms that raged across the Atlantic, wreaking havoc(肆虐) on the buildings and crops. As the farmer interviewed applicants for the job, he received a steady stream of refusals. Finally, a short, thin man, well past middle age, approached the farmer. "Are you a good farmhand?" the farmer asked him. "Well, I can sleep when the wind blows," answered the little man. Although puzzled by this answer, the farmer, desperate for help, hired him. The little man worked well around the farm, busy from dawn to dusk, and the farmer felt satisfied with the man's work. Then one night the wind howled(嚎叫,咆哮) loudly in from offshore. Jumping out of bed, the farmer grabbed a lantern and rushed next door to the hired hand's sleeping quarters. He shook the little man and yelled, "Get up! A storm is coming! Tie things down before they blow away!" The little man rolled over in bed and said firmly, "No sir. I told you, I can sleep when the wind blows." Enraged by the response, the farmer was tempted to fire him on the spot. Instead, he hurried outside to prepare for the storm. To his amazement, he discovered that all of the haystacks had been covered with tarpaulins(防水油布). The cows were in the barn, the chickens were in the coops(笼子), and the doors were barred. The shutters were tightly secured. Everything was tied down. Nothing could blow away. The farmer then understood what his hired hand meant, so he returned to his bed to also sleep while the wind blew. MORAL: When you're prepared, spiritually, mentally, and physically, you have nothing to fear. Can you sleep when the wind blows through your life? The hired hand in the story was able to sleep because he had secured the farm against the storm. 适合朗读的英语文章篇2 The Art of Bouncing Back I think the center of my faith is an absolute certainty of good. Like everyone else, I get low and there are times when I feel as if I have my fins backwards and am swimming upstream in heavy boots. But even in these dark times, even though I feel cut off, perhaps, and alone, I am aware - even if distantly - that I am part of a whole and that the whole is true and real and good. I have never had any difficultly in believing in God. I don't believe in a personal God and I don't quite see how it is possible to believe in a God who knows both good and evil and yet to trust in him. I believe in God, Good, in One Mind, and I believe we are all subject to and part of this oneness. It's taken me time to understand words like "tolerance" and "understanding." I have given lip service to "tolerance" and to "understanding" for years but only now do I think I begin to understand a little what they mean. If we are all one of another, and this, though uncomfortably, is probably the case, then sooner or later we have got to come to terms with each other. I believe in the individuality of man, and it is only by individual experience that we can, any of us, make a contribution to understanding. I've always been a bit confused about self and egotism(自负) because I instinctively felt both were barriers to understanding. And so in a sense they are. I used to worry a lot about personality and that sort of egotism. I noticed that certain artists - musicians, for instance - would allow their personalities to get between the music and the listener. But others, greater and therefore humbler, became clear channels through which the music was heard unimpeded(畅通无阻的). And it occurred to me, not very originally, that the good we know in man is from God so it is a good thing to try to keep oneself as clear as possible from the wrong sort of self. And it's not very easy, particularly if you are on the stage! I am one of those naturally happy people even when they get low soon bounce back. In minor things like housekeeping and keeping in sight of letters to be answered I am a Planny-Annie. That is to say I get through the chores in order to enjoy the space beyond. But I do find that, believing in the operation of good as I do, I cannot make plans - important ones, I mean - but I must prepare the ground and then leave the way free as far as possible. This, of course, means being fearless and isn't fatalistic, because you see I believe that when I am faithful enough to be still and to allow things to happen serenely, they do. And this being still isn't a negative state but an awareness of one's true position. Friends are the most important things in my life - that and the wonder of being necessary to someone. But these things pass and in end one is alone with God. I'm not nearly ready for that yet, but I do see it with my heart's eye. I don't understand it entirely, but I believe there is only now and our job is to recognize and rejoice in this now. Now... Not, of course, the man-measured now of Monday, Friday, or whenever, but the now of certain truth. That doesn't change. Surely everything has been done - is done. Our little problem is to reveal and enjoy. 适合朗读的英语文章篇3 美国社会学家对大学 毕业 生的建议 1. Don't worry about making your dreams come true College graduates are often told: "follow your passion," do "what you love," what you were "meant to do," or "make your dreams come true." Two-thirds think they're going find a job that allows them to change the world, half within five years. Yikes. This sets young people up to fail. The truth is that the vast majority of us will not be employed in a job that is both our lifelong passion and a world-changer; that's just not the way our global economy is. So it's ok to set your sights just a tad below occupational ecstasy. Just find a job that you like. Use that job to help you have a full life with lots of good things and pleasure and helping others and stuff. A great life is pretty good, even if it's not perfect. 2. Make friends Americans put far too much emphasis on finding Mr. or Ms. Right and getting married. We think this will bring us happiness. In fact, however, both psychological well-being and health are more strongly related to friendship. If you have good friends, you'll be less likely to get the common cold, less likely to die from cancer, recover better from the loss of a spouse, and keep your mental acuity as you age. You'll also feel more capable of facing life's challenges, be less likely to feed depressed or commit suicide, and be happier in old age. Having happy friends increases your chance of being happy as much as an extra $145,500 a year does. So, make friends! 3. Don't worry about being single Single people, especially women, are stigmatized(污辱,指责) in our society: we're all familiar with the image of a sad, lonely woman eating ice cream with her cats in her pajamas(睡衣) on Saturday night. But about 45 percent of US adults aren't married and around one in seven lives alone. This might be you. Research shows that young people's expectations about their marital status (., the desire to be married by 30 and have kids by 32) have little or no relationship to what actually happens to people. So, go with the flow. And, if you're single, you're in good company. Single people spend more time with friends, volunteer more, and are more involved in their communities than married people. Never-married and divorced women are happier, on average, than married women. So, don't buy into the myth of the miserable singleton(独身). 4. Don't take your ideas about gender and marriage too seriously If you do get married, keep going with the flow. Relationship satisfaction, financial security, and happy kids are more strongly related to flexibility in the face of life's challenges than any particular way of organizing families. The most functional families are ones that can bend. So partnering with someone who thinks that one partner should support their families and the other should take responsibility for the house and children is a recipe for disaster. So is being equally rigid about non-traditional divisions of labor. It's okay to have ideas about how to organize your family but your best bet for happiness is to be flexible. 5. Think hard about whether to buy a house Our current image of the American Dream revolves around homeownership, and buying a home is often taken for granted as a stage on the path to full-fledge adulthood. But the ideal of universal home ownership was born in the 1950s. It's a rather new idea. With such a short history, it's funny that people often insist that buying a house is a fool-proof investment and the best way to secure retirement. In fact, buying a house may not be the best choice for you. The mortgage may be less than rent, but there are also taxes, insurance, and the increasingly common Home Owners Association (HOA) fees. You may someday sell the house for more than you bought it but, if you paid interest on a mortgage, you also paid far more than the sale price. You have freedom from a landlord, but may discover your HOA is just as controlling, or worse. And then there's the headache: renting relieves you from the stress of being responsible for repairs. It also offers a freedom of movement that you might cherish. So, think carefully about whether buying or renting is a better fit for your finances, lifestyle, and future goals. 6. Think even harder about having kids One father had this to say about children: "They're a huge source of joy, but they turn every other source of joy to shit." In fact, having children correlates with both an increased sense of purpose in life and a long-lasting decrease in individual and marital happiness. Having kids means spending a lot of your short life and limited income on one source of joy. You have only so much time and money and there are lots of ways to find satisfaction, pleasure, and meaning in this life. Consider all your options. 看了“适合朗读的英语文章”的人还看了: 1. 适合朗读的英语美文 2. 英语美文朗读 3. 适合朗诵的英语美文精选 4. 英文适合朗读的美文摘抄 5. 适合朗诵的英文美文精选

朗诵与歌唱同属有声艺术,是紧密联络的。朗诵是歌唱的基础,歌唱近乎于朗诵,是赋予音乐性的朗诵。下面是我带来的经典英语朗诵美文,欢迎阅读! 经典英语朗诵美文篇一 知足Contentment Contentment is such a rare state of mind that even the wisest men sometimes find it difficult to get. There is no end to what the heart can desire. We may never have all that we want, and we will always be unhappy if we can’t be satisfied with what we already have. 知足是一种难得的精神状态,甚至最睿智的人有时也会发现很难达到知足的境界。心中的欲望没有尽头。我们也许不能得到所有想要的。如果我们不能满足于我们已经拥有的一切,我们将会经常郁郁寡欢。 We foolishly ignore our loved one to search for more material possessions, duanwenw only to find the joy it brings is temporary. We may lose that loved one we have ignored. We never can tell what will happen tomorrow, so appreciate and treasure people and things around us now. 我们时常愚昧地忽视我们钟爱的事物,去寻求更多物质上的拥有,结果却发现它带来的欢愉只是暂时的。我们可能会因此失去一直忽视的挚爱。我们永远不知明天将如何,所以感激并珍惜今天陪在我们周围的人和物吧。 Disappointment es when we can’t get what we have desired or expected. The way to happiness is to learn how to control our human desires, especially the desire to have more. 当曾经的渴望或期待不能为我们所有时,失望会随之而来。通向快乐的途径是要学会控制我们人性的欲望,尤其是想要更多的欲望。 Someone once said that the constant preoccupation with desires is a sure road to misery. Don’t seek for wealth or riches. Instead, seek to be content. 有人曾说过,对欲望一直念念不忘是通往不幸的必然之路。不要追求财富,而要追求知足。 经典英语朗诵美文篇二 充分利用时间Make Full Use of Your Time When you can only do a little, do it. Soon, you’ll have the chance to do a little more, and a little more again, until the job is done. 当你只能完成一点儿工作时,那么就做那一点儿。很快,你就会有机会完成更多一点儿,再多一点儿,直到将全部工作做完。 When you only have a moment or two, make full use of whatever time you have. Even when you can’t get all of it done, you can get some of it done. 当你只有一点儿时间时,充分利用你所拥有的时间,无论这段时间有多短。即使你不能在这段时间里完成全部的工作,你也可以完成其中的一部分。 Forget about the time you don’t have, and use the time you do have. Instead of worrying about how you’ll do it all, duanwenw focus on doing what you can do right now. 不要去想你不能空出的时间,而要利用你所拥有的时间。与其为如何做完全部工作而担忧,不如现在就集中注意力来做你能做的部分。 Achievement requires many steps. So take one step each time that you can. 一份工作的完成需要很多个步骤。所以,循序渐进,每次完成你能力范围内的一点儿。 Don’t waste your time plaining when interruptions knock you off track. Just get yourself beyond them and get quickly back to work. 当各种干扰使你脱离正常轨道时,不要浪费时间去抱怨,而要超越这些干扰,并尽快返回到工作中。 Do what you can, when you can, as often as you can. Your persisten, consistent efforts will steadily take you where you choose to go. 在你能工作时,尽可能经常地去做你力所能及的事情。你坚持不懈的努力将带你朝着你所选择的方向坚定地前进。 经典英语朗诵美文篇三 你随时可以成功 To solve any problem or to reach your goal, you don’t need to know all the answers in advance. But you must have a clear idea of the problem or the goal you want to reach. 解决任何问题或实现目标,都不需要你预先知晓一切答案。但你需要明确知道自己面临的问题和实现的目标 All you have to do is know where you’re going. The answers will e to you of their own accord. duanwenw Don’t procrastinate when faced with a big difficult problem. Break the problem into parts, and handle one part at a time. 你必须知道自己的目的所在,答案才会自然揭晓。面对大问题,不可延迟,要将问题分成若干部分,各个击破。 If you can get up the courage to begin, you have the courage to succeed. It’s the job you never start that takes the longest to finish. Don’t worry about what lies dimly at a distance, but do what lies clearly ahead. 倘若你有开始的勇气,就一定会有成功的勇气。你从未接触过的工作,需要你花费更多的时间才能完成。切勿为远方朦胧之物而担忧,要做好眼前的明确之事。 Your biggest opportunity is where you are right now. Once you begin you’re half done. 你的最大机遇就在你此刻所在的地方。只要开始,就获得了一半的成功。

读与写杂志在参考文献英语

论文英文参考文献格式

在社会的各个领域,大家对论文都再熟悉不过了吧,通过论文写作可以培养我们的科学研究能力。如何写一篇有思想、有文采的论文呢?下面是我收集整理的论文英文参考文献格式,希望能够帮助到大家。

英文文献采用“APA格式”:

单一作者著作的书籍:

姓,名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市:出版社.

Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego: Halstead.

两位作者以上合著的书籍:

姓,名字首字母., & 姓,名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市:出版社.

Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992). Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University Press.

文集中的文章:

Mcdonalds, A. (1993). Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained containment of supernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies in application (pp. 42–64). London: OtherWorld Books.

期刊中的文章(非连续页码):

Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God's long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change? Canadian Change, 64(7), 34–37.

期刊中的文章(连续页码):

姓,名字首字母.(年). 题目. 期刊名(斜体). 第几期,页码.

Rottweiler, F. T., & Beauchemin, J. L. (1987). Detroit and Narnia: Two foes on the brink of destruction. Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66–146.

月刊杂志中的文章:

Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

php论文英文参考文献

[1]冯国良.基于Web及VRML网络教学平台的设计与实现[D].西安电子科技大学,2010.

[2]赵胜.基于B/S架构的Moodle网络教学平台的设计与实现[D].河北科技大学,2012.

[3]晏榆洋.基于web的在线网络教学平台的设计与实现[D].电子科技大学,2013.

[4]王逾西.动态网页的数据库连接技术[J].天津市财贸管理干部学院学报,2010,12(1):41-43.

[5]徐一菲,陈光柱,沈春丰等.基于PHP网站的远程控制系统研究[J].微计算机信息,2010,26(15):135-136,115.

[6]丁鲁南,康梅娟.基于WAMP的红色文化动态网站的设计[J].科技资讯,2012,(26):20-20.

[7]滕文.基于MVC模式的PHP程序开发[J].科技视界,2012,(28):262.

[8]郭雪清,肖飞,黄正东,王光华,宋莉莉,张伟.医院绩效管理信息系统的设计与实现[J].中国数字医学,2014,13(15)03:12-14+17.

[9]袁永革.试析医院管理信息系统的设计思想及其实施[J].计算机与信息技术,2014,16(18),03:91-94.

财务论文英文参考文献

[1]Adams, M. and Hardwick, P. An Analysis of Corporate Donations: UnitedKingdom Evidence [J], Journal of Management Studies, 1998,35 (5): 641-654.

[2]Aronoff,C.,and J Ward. Family-owned Businesses: A Thing of the Past or Model of the Future. [J]. Family Business Review, 1995,8(2); 121-130.

[3]Beckhard,R“Dyer Jr.,. Managing continuity in the family owned business [J]. Organizational Dynamics, 1983,12 (1): 5-12.

[4Casson, M. The economics of family firms [J]. Scandinavian Economic History Review, 1999' 47(1):10 - 23.

[5]Alchian,A.,Demsetz, H. Production, information costs, and economic organization. American Economic Review [J]. 1972,62(5): 777-795.

[6]Allen, F,J, Qian and M, J. Qian. Law,Finance and Economic Growth in China [J], Journal of Financial Economics, 2005,77: .

[7]Amato,L. H.,& Amato,C. H. The effects of firm size and industry on corporate giving [J]. Journal of Business Ethics,2007,72(3): 229-241.

[8]Chrisman, ., Chua,., and Steier, L. P. An introduction to theories of family business [J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2003b, 18(4): 441-448

动画论文英文参考文献范例多则

[1]程曼丽、王维佳:《对外传播及其效果研究》[M],北京大学出版社,2011年,36页.

[2]冯捃、何春耕:《《功夫熊猫》的跨文化传播分层解读》[J],《电影评介》,2014年第5期37-40页.

[3]范文杰、戴雪梅:《无意识一内隐认知理论的演变历程回顾及展望》[J],《重庆工商大学学报》,2009年第6期,596-601页.

[4]管文虎等:《国家形象论》[M],电子科技大学出版社,1999年,23页.

[5]郭秀艳、崔光成:《内隐学习本质特征的实验研究》[J],《心理科学》,2002年第1期,43-46页.

[6]陈晓云:《动画电影:叙事与意识形态》[J],《上海大学学报(社会科学版)》,2010年第5期,54-60页.

[7]黄国文、徐裙:《语篇分析与话语分析》[J],《外语与外语教学》,2006年第10期,2-6页.

[8]李德顺:《普遍价值与其可观基她》[J],《中国社会科学》,1998年第6期,5-14 页.

[9]刘丽英:《国家形象研究文献述评及营销视角分析一基于CSSCI(2001-2011)的研究》卬,《学术探索》,2014年第2期,120-123页.

学术论文英文参考文献注入格式

一、学术论文英文参考文献标注格式。

按照现行规定,学术期刊中论文参考文献的.标注采用顺序编码制,即在文内的引文处按引用文献在论文中出现的先后顺序以阿拉伯数字连续编码,序号置于方括号内。同一文献在一文中被反复引用者,用同一序号标示。这一规定使得所列文献简洁明了,应该引起论文作者注意。英文参考文献和中文参考文献一样,按在文中出现的先后顺序与中文文献混合连续编码着录;英文文献用印刷体;英文书名、期刊名和报纸名等用斜体;所列项目及次序与中文文献相同,但文献类型可不标出;忌用中文叙述英文。其格式为:

专着、论文集、学位论文、报告-[序号]主要责任者。文献题名。出版地:出版者,出版年。起止页码(任选)。

示例:[1]Day,C.,Veen, Walraven,G. Children and youth at risk and urban education. Research,policy and prac-tice. Leuven/Apeldoorn:Garant. 1997.

期刊文章-[序号]主要责任者。文献题名。刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码。

示例:[2] Driessen,G.,& Van der Grinten,M. Home language proficiency in the Netherland:The evaluation of Turkish andMoroccan bilingual programmes- A critical review,Studies in Educational Evaluation,1994,20(3):365- 386.

论文集中的析出文献-[序号]析出文献主要责任者。析出文献题名。原文献主要责任者(任选)。原文献题名。出版地:出版者,出版年。析出文献起止页码。

示例:[3] Driessen,G.,Mulder,L.,& Jungbluth,P. Structural and cultural determinants of educational opportunities in theNetherlands. In (Ed.),Root and migration in global perspective. Jerusalem:Magnes . 104.[5]

报纸文章-[序号]主要责任者。文献题名。报纸名,出版日期(版次)。

示例:[4] Lgnatieff,M. Keeping an old flame burning brightly. The Guardian,1998- 12- 20(12)。

电子文献-[序号]主要责任者。电子文献题名。电子文献的出处或可获得的地址,发表或更新日期。

示例:[5] Baboescu,F. Algorithms for fast packet classification. .

二、关于英文人名的标注。

现行编排规范对英文人名如何标注未作明确要求,英文人名的标注较为混乱,有标注全名的,有标注时将名缩写、姓不缩写、保持原来顺序的,还有在姓、名之间加圆点的,后者是我国翻译作品中,中文书写外国人名经常采用的一种方式。其实,标注英文人名是有章可循的,在国外学术着作的参考文献中,关于人名的标注已约定俗成为一种统一的格式,即英文参考文献标注作者姓名时,要求姓在前、名在后,姓与名之间用逗号隔开,姓的词首字母大写,其余字母不大写;名用词首大写字母表示,后加缩写符号圆点,缩写符号不可省略。由于欧美国家人的姓名排列一般是名在前、姓在后,在标注时必须加以调整。如Georg Paghet Thomson,前面两个词是名,最后一个词是姓,应标注为Thomson,G. P为什么要如此标注呢?笔者认为有以下原因。

1.在应用计算机等信息工具进行英文文献检索时,以英文作者姓名中的姓作为依据之一,即以姓作为检索目标之一。

2.在欧美人姓名表达含义里,姓比名的重要性更强、更正式。用姓而不是名来代表作者,还有尊重、礼貌的意味。名缩写后加缩写符号圆点,也含有正式、尊重和礼貌的意味,缩写符号不可省略。

3.表示与平常书写姓名的不同,体现学术论文重要性、简约性和准确性的要求,符合科研论文文体风格。这种标注在英文学术着作、科技文献中已广泛采用,也容易被广大读者、作者理解、接受。

对于复姓情况,如Jory Albores-Saavedra等,在引用标注时,应将复姓全部写出,即Albores-Saavedra, J对于姓前带有冠词或介词的情况,如带有Mac,Le,Von,Van den等,标注时不能省略,应同姓一起提到前面标注,如Mac Donald,La Fontaina,Von Eschenbach,Van den Bery等。这里有个有趣的现象,对于北欧人常见的姓Van den Bery,如Van的词首字母大写,表示它是姓的一部分,标注时应与姓一起前置;如果作者姓名书写为Graham van den Bery,其中van的词首字母v没有大写,则表示它不是姓的一部分,姓Bery前置时,van den仍留在原来的位置,并且不可缩写或省略,标注为Bery,G. van den.另外,对于“姓名+学位”的情况,标注时一般把“学位”删去,不要将其误认为姓或姓的一部分.

一个参考文献有两位或两位以上作者时,标注时除按上述要求将每位作者的姓提前书写外,作者与作者之间用逗号分开,最后一位作者前加&符号,如示例[1],也可仅保留前三位作者,之后加etc.表示。

三、关于英文参考文献发表(出版)时间标注到年的问题。

发表(出版)时间是参考文献的一项重要内容,标示引用文献发表的历史时间位置,是判断引用文献新旧的一个根据,不可遗漏。国外学术论着中参考文献的发表(出版)时间标注到年,这与我国学术论着中参考文献的标注规定相同。国外学术论着中参考文献的发表(出版)时间的标注位置有标注在作者后的情况,并加圆括号,这是因为采用了“着者-出版年”制。我国学术期刊编排规范参考文献的标注采用“顺序编码”制,发表(出版)时间标注靠后,如示例[1]、[3],应按此要求标注为是。

四、英文析出文献名和原文献名的标注。

由于现行编排规范对英文析出文献和原文献的标注书写要求不够明确,目前有把析出文献名排成斜体,而把原文献名(论文集名或期刊名等)排成正体的情况。这种标注方式是不对的,混淆了析出文献名和原文献名的效力,正确的编排要求与此相反,国外的普遍作法与我国学者的论述[4]要求一致,因此这一现象值得编辑同行注意。

英文书名在英文文章中出现有排成斜体的习惯,论文集名、期刊名或报纸名与书名效力相同,故排成斜体,析出文献名相当于书中的章节标题,不具有书名的分量,故不可排成斜体。

在标注原文献名及作者时,原文献多指论文集或与之类似的著作,英文标注习惯上在编着者名前加词首字母大写的介词In,作者姓名前后次序不作调整,名缩写为词首大写字母,后加缩写符号圆点,姓完整标出,不缩写。作者后加编者一词的缩写形式及缩写符号圆点,词首字母大写,外加圆括号,如标注为In S. Weil(Ed.),如示例[3].然后斜体标注原文献题名,后加注出版年,起至页码的缩写形式pp.和析出文献的起至页码。当原文献有两位或两位以上作者时,作者姓名同上述情况一样,前后次序不作调整,分别标出,编者一词缩写用复数形式Eds.,如In L. Eedering,& P. Leseman(Eds.)。

文献类型不宜标出。文献类型是我国编排规范制定的标注要求,国外并未采用。在中文中标注醒目、自然,在英文中此一项目的标注容易产生误解和干扰。如果是为方便计算机在检索或统计时辨识,是技术上的要求,那么就应当统一要求标注,从“可不标出”来看,尚未有技术上的要求。因而,文献类型在英文参考文献中不作标注为妥。

五、出版地和出版社(商)的标注。

出版地和出版社(商)是参考文献的重要内容,标示版权信息,不可遗漏或省略。我国一部着作一般由一家出版社负责出版发行,出版地一般也就比较明确为出版社所在的城市。国外情况就比较复杂了,由于市场经济高度成熟,语言通用程度高,着作权被普遍保护等原因,一部着作可能由不止一家出版社(商)合作出版发行,出版地也可能在不同国家的不同城市。当出版地有两处或两处以上、出版社(商)有两个或两个以上时,应当一一标出,中间用斜杠分开。如Amsterdam/Philadephia:Ben-jamins,又如Den Haag:Sdu/DOP出版地一般是出版社(商)所在的城市,标注城市名,不可标注为国家名。

参考文献补充了文章的重要信息,涉及范围十分广泛。因而,希望在修订现行编排规范时,对英文参考文献的标注作明确规定,以便作者写作和编者编辑时皆有章可循,亦使这项工作更加规范。

java论文英文的参考文献

参考文献:

[1]王庆智.王喜富.基于供应链管理的物流信息平台设计研究[A].第五届中国工业企业物流论坛论文集[C].2007(8)

[2]张翔.基于XML与Java技术构建电子政务系统的方法研究[D].西北大学.2008(5)

[3]符强.基于Java动态编程技术的软件自愈合构架研究[D].西北工业大学.2007(3)

[4]徐伟.赵嵩正.蒋维杨,基于功能的区域物流信息平台体系结构研究[J].情报杂志.2008(27)

[5]白磊,李芙玲.基于工作过程导向的JAVA程序设计课程教学研究[J].华北科技学院学报,2013,(04):92-95.

[6]赖小平.基于工作过程导向的《Java程序设计》课程开发与实践[J].福建电脑,2015,(05):52-53.

[7]孙晓奇,李胜,张文娇.基于工作过程的教学模式在java课程中的应用[J].电脑知识与技术,2014,(02):338-339.

参考文献:

[1]李舒,陈丽君.高校学生成绩管理系统的设计与实现[J].辽宁大学学报:自然科学版,2006,3(3):283-285.

[2]徐亮.高校智能排课系统的研究[J].电子设计工程,2013,21(7):24-27.

[3]张小红.高校排课系统的设计与实现[J].电子科技,2012,25(7):45-47.

[4]苏贞,陈海关.高校智能排课系统中蚁群算法的应用探讨[J].兰州教育学院学报,2013,29(7):120-121.

[5]叶波霞浅谈大学生兼职在大学生活的重要性[J].中小企业管理与科技,2014,(33)

[6]王丽晖.关于大学生兼职现象的几点思考*高校一线思政工作者视角下的大学生兼职现象[J].2009,10(04)

参考文献:

[1]常征.功能测试中自动化测试框架的分析与应用[D].北京:北京林业大学,2007.

[2]徐骋.Android应用软件自动化测试框架的研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2015.

[3]路静,王琪.一种基于功能测试的自动化测试框架[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2005(23):25-26.

[4]曾北溟.自动化测试框架的研究与实现[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.

[5]步倩倩.面向GUI软件的自动化测试框架的研究与应用[D].成都:电子科技大学,2010.

[6]郝义鹏.基于关键字驱动自动化测试平台的设计与实现[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2007.

[7]侯菊敏.基于Android的关键字驱动自动化测试框架研究[D].广州:中山大学,2012.

[8]区立斌.基于层次关键字驱动的自动化测试框架设计与应用[D].广州:中山大学,2012.

[9]郝晓晓,张卫丰.基于XML的SDK自动化测试框架的设计与实现[J].计算机技术与发展,2010(4):101-104.

[10]谢文哲.基于模块化测试框架的单元自动化测试框架的设计与实现[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2007.

[11]陈健.基于模型的数据处理系统的自动化测试框架[D].北京:中国科学院大学(工程管理与信息技术学院),2013.

期刊(journal)[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起止页码.例如:[1]毛峡,丁玉宽.图像的情感特征分析及其和谐感评价[J].电子学报,2001,29(12A):23-27.[2] Mao Xia, eta1.Affective Property of Image and Fractal Dimension[J].Chaos Solitons&Fractals.U.K.,2003:V15905—910.

[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[J].刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码。例如:[1]何龄修.读南明史[J].中国史研究,1998,(3):167-173。[2]OU J P,SOONG T T,et advance in research on applications of passive energy dissipation systems[J].Earthquack Eng,1997,38(3):358-361。

这些都是名字的缩写,学位的缩写只有PhD,MD,BD啊,英文文献好像是不标学位的.给你几个示范一下,都是根据国标写的。 作者. 文章名. 刊物类型. 刊物. 年度,期卷号:页码范围 [ ] Nikolaev Yu A, etc. Gas Detonation and its Application in Engineering and Technologies[J]. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves, 2003, 39(4): 382-410 [ ] , P. H. Do. Key Parameters for Controlling of Function Reliability in “None1 Tube” Explosive Transfer System[C], 1999: AIAA99-31211 [ ] Peng Jinhua, Tang Mingjun. One of the Applications of Dust Explosions – Nonel System[J]. Archivum Combustionis, 1989(9): 223-229 [ ] Liu Dabin, Jiang Rongguang, Yang Dong. The Pressure Characteristics of Nonel Tube in Its Detonation Growth Process[J/OL]: 93-96

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