商务英语论文范文中文版本

开题报告是指开题者对科研课题的一种文字说明材料。这是一种新的应用写作文体，这种文字体裁是随着现代科学研究活动计划性的增强和科研选题程序化管理的需要而产生的。下面是我帮大家整理的商务英语专业毕业论文开题报告范文，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

题目名称：商务英语谈判中的礼貌策略研究

英文题目：Politeness Principle as a strategy in Business Negotiation

学生姓名：

学号：xxx

学院：xxxx

专业年级：英语专业商务方向xx级

指导教师：xxx

职称：

一、选题的依据：

由于商务活动的需要，在世界高度一体化，国际商务活动日益频繁，中国进入WTO 的国际背景下，需要人们熟练掌握对外商务活动的原则和技巧;而商务谈判是对外商务活动的重要环节，商务谈判实际上是通过语言来进行的经济活动，其成功与否很大程度上取决于语言的应用。在谈判过程中谈判双方都希望己方利益最大化，因此双方在谈判过程中的语言表达和应用对谈判有着深远影响。得体、合适的语言表达能促进商务谈判的顺利进行。而礼貌原则作为一种语用策略是商务谈判的必要技巧，我们通过运用礼貌策略减少谈判双方的利益摩擦，缓和谈判环境，使双方在快乐的条件下获得共赢和理想的谈判结果。本选题旨在研究礼貌语言策略在商务谈判中的影响及具体应用。其意义如下：

意义：1. 得体的谈吐能树立谈判者良好的文化素养和职业道德形象，是商务谈判中的润滑剂;

2.增加谈判者之间的信任度，提高谈判中的自觉性，增加谈判的成功性，从而实现经济利益;

3. 对商务谈判中礼貌原则的研究有利于对今后礼貌原则文化差异起着促进作用;

4. 对礼貌原则的研究及礼貌语言的学习、应用利于人们生活实际中的交际和商务活动，利于个人生活。

2)综合国内外有关本选题的研究动态和自己的见解

我国学者何自然认为礼貌语言实际上是一种语用策略。大量学者对语用学中的礼貌策略进行了研究。我国学者胡艳芳认为礼貌是人类文明的重要标志，是人类社会活动的一条重要准绳(2009)，普遍存在于人类的交际活动中。国内学者徐盛恒也有深入的见解他认为礼貌语言是语言交际可能涉及的各方关系的杠杆(1992)，起着调节人际关系的作用。他们的研究都说明了礼貌语言策略在人们生活交际中有着重要的作用。

国外学者对其的研究更为突出。早在20世纪50年代，美国学者戈夫曼(Erving Goffman)就提出了“面子行为理论”，建立了礼貌模式。20世纪60年代，美国语言哲学家Grice(1975)在Austin 和Searle的言语行为基础上提出了会话合作原则，该原则认为人们在所有会话中都应遵循质量，方式和相关的四准则。(1972,1973,1975,1977)在上世纪七十年代提出礼貌三规则。1978年Brown 和Levinson 提出了“面子论”。而英国语言学家利奇(Leech,1983)将语用原则分为“人际修辞”(interpersonal rhetoric)和“篇章修辞(textual rhetoric)，提出了礼貌六准则。语用学中礼貌语言策略的历史来源及国内外学者的研究为诸多学者对礼貌策略在商务谈判中作用及应用的研究有着巨大的指导意义。许多学者就Grice的合作原则及相关理论，Leech的礼貌六准则，以及Brown和Levison的“面子论”在商务谈判中的应用进行了相关研究。他们的研究结果表明礼貌原则这一语用策略不仅适用于人们生活中的交流同时在商务谈判中依然适用并发挥着重要作用。

在此基础上，本选题在浅析各位学者对语用范畴中礼貌策略研究的同时，着重研究其具体礼貌语用策略和准则在商务谈判中的影响及应用。深入探讨 Grice的合作原则、Leech的礼貌六准则(得体，慷慨，赞誉，谦逊，一致，同情准则)及 Brown和Levison的“面子论”及他的礼貌策略(积极和消极礼貌策略)在商务谈判中的应用进行深入探讨。从而说明礼貌语言策略在商务谈判中的重要性。

二、研究内容

(1)主要研究内容及观点：

本选题在浅析各位学者对语用范畴中礼貌策略研究的同时，着重研究其具体礼貌语用策略和准则在商务谈判中的影响及应用。深入探讨 Leech的礼貌六准则(得体，慷慨，赞誉，谦逊，一致，同情准则)及 Brown和Levison的“面子论”及他的礼貌策略(积极和消极礼貌策略)在商务谈判中的应用进行深入探讨。

(2)论文内容提纲：

1 商务谈判的简单介绍

商务谈判的定义

商务谈判的基本原则(语言特征)

2 礼貌语言策略的介绍

礼貌的定义

相关的礼貌理论( Grice(1975)会话合作原则; Leech的礼貌六准则; Brown Levison的“面子论”等)

相关礼貌理论下的具体礼貌原则和策略

3一些语用礼貌策略在商务谈判中的应用(重点)

“得体准则”(把Grice的合作原则中的量的准则，质的准则，关系准则纳入为得体准则说明：此为创新点)

慷慨准则的应用( Leech原理)

逊准则的应用( Leech原理)

Brown Levison积极和消极礼貌策略的应用

4 总结

三、研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析

本选题的主要研究方法有文献资料法和经验总结法，以网络技术、人工智能为研究手段，采用对比分析、综合分析等方法和手段，通过对国内外学者在礼貌原则领域的见解和研究成果的对比和解析，总结出礼貌语言策略在商务谈判中的应用的重要性。

四、进程安排和采取的主要措施

：

资料收集，阅读整理资料，拟定论文研究大致方向

- ：

向论文老师申报论文题目;确定研究方向，拟定出论文大纲，积累资料

：

撰写开题报告及交予老师审核

：

听取指导老师建议结合实际撰写、修改论文一稿

：

听取指导老师建议撰写、修改论文二稿

：

听取指导老师建议撰写、修改论文三稿

：

撰写论文定稿

：

上交论文定稿

：

将论文定稿交予老师审查

—：

做好答辩准备

五、主要参考文献

[1] Brown, P. &Levinson, S., 1978, “Universals in Language Usage. Politeness Phenomena”. In . Goody(ed.), Questions and Politeness: Strateges in Social Interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1978, .

[2] Grice, ., 1975, “Logic and Conversation”. In Cole &Morgan(eds.). Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts. New York : Academic Press. 1975, .

[3] Goffman,E., 1967, International Ritual: Essays on Face –to Face Behacior. New York: Doubleday and Company.

[4] Leech .G. Principle of Pragmatics [M]. New York : Longman Inc, 1983.

[5] 胡艳芳(Hu, Yanfang),积极礼貌策略在英语课堂教学中的应用[J]. 重庆工学学院学报(社会科学版)2009(1).

[6] 何自然(He, Zirran).语用与英语学习[M]. 上海外语教育出版社， 1997.

[7] 邱天河(Qiu Tianhe), 语用策略在国际商务谈判中的运用[J]. 外语与外语教学.

[8] 徐盛恒(Xu Sheng hen)礼貌原则新拟[J]. 外语学刊，1992.

[9] 熊学亮(Xiong, Xueliang).礼貌文化参数. 简明语用学教程, : 1165-170.

[10] 杨林聪(Yang Lincong)礼貌原则在商务沟通中的应用[M].长沙.国防科技大学出版社，2002.

六、指导教师意见

指导教师签名：

xx年xx月xx日

课题名称：原则和合作原则在商务英语中的

本课题的研究现状、研究目的及意义

研究现状：随着全球经济一体化进程的加速，商务英语信函在国际贸易发展中发挥着日益重要的作用。商务英语信函引起了越来越多的国内外学者关注和研究，其领域涉及翻译、词汇学、语义学及语用学。国内的，如：吴金凤的《商务英语信函的特点及翻译》;黄雪芳的《商务英语信函的词汇特征分析》;武瑞的《商务英语信函中的'语用策略研究》。国外的，如：Josephine Baker的Correct Business Letter Writing and Business English;Beam Brilliance的New Business English;Leech,S.的Principles of Pragmatics等。

从这些论文著作整理统计来看，国内外学者对商务英语信函的翻译、词汇和语用的理论性研究分析的较多，将具体的礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用研究分析的较少。本论文选取礼貌原则和合作原则这两大原则并结合具体实例来具体分析研究这两大原则在商务英语信函的应用。

研究目的及意义：

目的：随着世界经济和信息技术快速发展，商务英语信函已经成为对外贸易中不可或缺的重要组成部分。商务英语信函是在商务环境下，利用信函与具有不同文化背景的客户进行国际交流的行为，它是一种行业英语，是开展对外商务活动的基础和重要工具，是最常用也最有效的通讯手段之一。为提高外贸人员对商务英语信函的礼貌原则和合作原则的认识，增强他们写作商务英语信函写作的有效性，本论文对礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用进行了具体研究。

意义：商务英语信函是建立友谊、吸引客户的手段，信函中灵活运用礼貌原则和合作原则是商务活动顺利开展的内在要求和取得商务交际成功的关键，是建立和睦合作关系的基础，因此，礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用研究对商务英语信函的写作具有重要的借鉴意义。

课题类型：

(1)A—工程实践型;B—理论研究型;C—科研装置研制型;D—计算机软件型;

E—综合应用型

(2)X—真实课题;Y—模拟课题;

(1)、(2)均要填，如AY、BX等。

本课题的研究内容

中文题目：礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用研究

摘要

1引言

论文研究的背景

论文研究的意义

2商务英语信函及语用原则简介

商务英语信函的定义

商务英语信函的特点

商务英语信函的语用原则简介

3礼貌原则简介及在商务英语信函中的应用

礼貌原则简介

礼貌原则的定义

礼貌原则的特点

礼貌原则在商务英语信函中的应用

4合作原则简介及在商务英语信函中的应用

合作原则简介

合作原则的定义

合作原则的特点

合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用

5 总结

6 参考文献

本课题研究的实施方案、进度安排

实施方案：

查找有关资料，收集并整理资料，结合自己兴趣和专业与指导老师探讨后确定选题。确定论文题目，根据论文的研究方向和所得资料结合任务书中的要求，写出开题报告。编写提纲根据提纲写出初稿，根据修改后的初稿写出二稿，根据再修改后的二稿写出三稿。调整论文结构，检查错别字，编排标准格式，定稿打印。

进度安排：

20XX年1月5日上交开题报告

20XX年4月9日交初稿

20XX年4至5月论文修改

20XX年5月22日论文定稿

20XX年5月29日答辩

已查阅的主要参考文献

[1] Beam Business English [M].Beijing: Tsinghua University Press,2010

[2] Frank of Positive Politeness Strategies in Business Letters [J].Journal of Pragmatics,2010

[3] Fraster, on Politeness [J].Journal of Pragmatics,2011

[4] and Politeness: strategies in social interaction [M].Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2009

[5] Jef Pragmatics [M].Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2000

[6] Jiang : Theories and Applications [M].Beijing: Beijing University Press,2000

[7] Jones L,Alexander Business English [M].Oxford: Oxford University Press,2001

[8] Lesikar,Raymond Communication [J].New York: Richard

[9] Analysis of Business Letters of Negotiation [J].English for Specific Purposes,2002

[10] Scheraga, English Writing Skills [J].Illinois NTC Publishing Group,2001

[11]范俊芳.合作原则和礼貌原则在英语商务信函中的研究[D].辽宁大学，2012

[12]高欢.礼貌原则应用于商务英语信函的实证研究[D].重庆大学，2007

[13]胡志雯.语用原则在商务英语应用中的度范畴[J].湖南大学学报，2003

[14]李亮.商务英语应用中的合作原则和礼貌原则体现[J].广西大学学报，2009

[15]刘焕明.格莱斯合作原则在经贸英语合同文本中的应用[D].延边大学，2009

[16]梅庭军.合作原则在商务英语信函写作中的应用[J].考试周刊，2012

[17]吴金凤.商务英语信函的特点及翻译[D].上海外国语大学，2006

[18]王晓英杨靖.商务英语写作教程[M].东南大学出版社，2004

[19]武瑞.商务英语信函中的语用策略探究[D].山西财经大学，2010

[20]赵军.商务英语语用特征研究[D].西华大学，2012

[21]周瑞琪.语用原则在商务英语信函写作中的应用[J].广东外语外贸大学学报，2007

题目：

On the Characteristics & Translating Skills of English Advertising(英语的特征和翻译)

选题依据及研究意义：

随着经济全球化的进一步加快，国际经济的进一步发展带动了广告业的腾飞，英语广告翻译日益成为翻译学研究的重要组成部分，广告翻译的发展对国际贸易的发展不言而喻。广告是商战中的有力的武器，广告英语是一种专门用途的英语，他与普通英语有着较大的差别，本文结合大量的实例，从广告英语的语法特点、句法特点和修辞特点三方面分析了广告英语的特点，并浅析了其翻译策略。英语广告翻译作为翻译学的一个新的领域，引起了众多的翻译工作者和研究人员的注意，发展仍然不够成熟和完善，这篇论文正是针对这一系列的问题提出了英语广告的特点和英语广告的翻译策略等重要意义的课题。从而为英语广告的翻译提供了有效的途径，为众多的翻译工作人员提供了重要的借鉴，同时也推动广告业及广告翻译事业的长足发展。

选题的研究现状：

对于商务沟通中的策略，曾有两语言学家提出过。

美国语言学家格莱斯于1967年提出的礼貌被称为“合作原则”。此原则中，会话双方需要共同遵守的原则包括数量、关系、质量和方式几个准则。有了“合作原则”，交易双方所说的话就不会逻辑混乱，说话者和听话者能顺畅沟通，以达到成功交际的目的。20世纪80年代，在合作原则的基础上，英国语言学家利奇又提出了著名的“礼貌原则”，其主要内容为：通过减少自身利益，使对方从中获得更大利益的方式获得对方好感，推进合作，使对方从中获得更长远的利益。

总而言之，“合作原则”和“礼貌原则”都是要求商务信函中要坚持礼貌策略，以达到维护交易各方地位均等、关系友好的目的。

拟研究的主要内容：

1.礼貌、礼貌原则和商务英语的表达原则;

2.商务英语信函的写作原则

3.礼貌原则在商务英语写作中的具体应用;

4.商务英语信函语言表达形式中礼貌的表现。

研究的创新点及重、难点：

（1）本研究的创新点：本研究立足于商务贸易间来往，提出了不容忽视的礼貌策略，符合现代商务沟通的基本准则，有利于更好的撰写商务英语信函，促进贸易。

（2）本研究存在的主要问题：参考文献的局限性以及信函中的创新概念，避免千篇一律。

研究的进程安排：

20XX-1-15——20XX-2-15 确定选题，收集资料，撰写开题报告

20XX-2-16——20XX-2-18 撰写初稿

20XX-2-19——20XX-2-20 完成二稿

20XX-2-21——20XX-3-1 定稿

主要参考文献：

[1] 曹顺发，冯波，国际商务英语谈判[M].沈阳：辽宁教育出版社，2001.

[2] 彭林霞，黄莉：商务电子邮件与传统商务信函中礼貌策略的对比分析[J].温州大学学报，2006第19卷第5期：49-56.

[3] 秦晓杰：英文商务信函中的“合作”和“礼貌”[J].西安外国语学院报，2001第9卷第4期：11-14.

[4] 曹菱，商务英语谈判[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2001.

[5] Brown G&Yule,G Discourse Analysis,Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Reserch Press

[6] Bilbow G for

当英语论文，或其他重要的英文文书的初稿撰写完成后，在提交给相关读者阅读之前，必须要经过润色才比较保险。找北京译顶科技，性价比高，我就是在那边做的。你可以加速去知道了解下

勤劳的手勤劳的脑

这里我给大家分享了3篇bec中级写作范文，希望可以提高大家的写作技巧。

BEC 商务英语考试中级经典作文范文1

风格：两篇写作，1篇是正式，1篇是非正式。

1)短篇：memo, note, email

2)长篇：fax, proposal , letter(诉信、道歉信、邀请信、询价信、感谢信等), report (report on...、introduction、findings、conclusions、recommendations前面四个一个也不能少，至于最后的recommendations要看当时的题目要求)

要求

?the purpose of the correspondence

?references to previous communication

?factual details

?the feelings and attitude of the writer

?the level of formality

?the opening sentence

?the closing sentence

?paragraphing

?the desired outcome

PART ONE

You work for a company which produces laser printers. You are visiting another company, Softcell, to buy some company software for your department. They have expressed an interest in your company's printers and you would like to take twenty brochures and three sample printers with you.

Write a short note to Mr. Jim Asano, the Sales Manager.

Asking for his permission to take these items.

Explaining why you want them.

Mentioning the time and date when you want to collect them.

总体：这是一篇小作文，要求写一个MEMO，字数要求40-50字。本作文难度较大。

1. 审题：

本文审题会出现很大问题，大约有70%的考生或多或少对题目产生误解，30%的考生出现严重误读，导致分数不及格。

请理清楚本文人物关系：你公司生产激光打印机(laser printers)，Softcell是另一家生产软件的公司。You are visiting another company, Softcell, to buy some company software for your department. 本句中许多考生对are visiting理解错误，认为是已经访问过或正在访问。事实上高中语法中就学过be doing在某些时候表将来，也就是说你将要去Softcell公司买软件。而Softcell公司表示对你公司生产的打印机有兴趣，所以你要在买软件的同时带小册子和打印机的样品给Softcell公司。你现在要给你们公司的销售经理写信申请小册子和样品。许多考生容易产生误解，认为自己是给Softcell公司的经理写信，把自己的产品吹嘘了一通，或是申请从别人公司拿小册子和打印机样品。需要提醒考生的是BEC中级中考到的MEMO一般是公司内部交流的信件，机会不会出现给公司外部的人写MEMO。

练口语得准备好资料!!!

2. 字数：

字数要求是40-50字，一般要求写三句话，每句话讲明白一个信息即可，不需要展开太多的细节。太多或太少都不好。写作中需要充分利用题干中的信息。许多考生句子写的很短，许多小短句连在一起，这样的写作不符合英语的特点。例如：I would like to attend a seminar. It is about presentation skills. It will be held this Friday. 建议合句：I would like to attend a seminar on presentation skill this Friday. 也有些考生喜欢写长句，句子长了之后不好驾驭，容易出现问题，产生扣分。

3. 错误：

语法错误、词汇使用错误都会产生扣分。

例如：

I was asked to take twenty brochures and three sample printers out because of our products are interested by the Softcell Company.

本句中出现because of和interest的使用错误。Because of 后面只能加名词或动名词，不能加句子。Interest的用法：sb. is interested in sth./sth. is interesting to sb./sth. interest sb.

4. 范文：

Model writing

To: Mr. Jim Asano

From: Diana, Sales Dept.

Date: April 7th

Subject: Asking for brochures and sample printers

I will visit Sfttcell Co. to buy the computer software for our department next Tuesday April 15th. I want to gain your permission to take twenty brochures and three sample printers with me since they are quite interested in our products. If you can approve this, I would like to collect the items before next Monday.

Thank you

Diana

评析：本篇MEMO正确理解题目、覆盖所有要点、语言表达清晰流畅、无语法和词汇使用错误。可以得到BAND 5

BEC商务英语考试中级经典作文范文2

购货合同 Purchase Contract

写作案例详解

Purchase Contract

Contract No.:CU080145

Date: April 5th 2008

The Seller:Carlton International

Address: 102 Lind Road San Francisco California 90034 USA

The Buyer:Heyee Corporation

Address: 34 Yongquang Street Jinnan District Tianjin 300350 PRC

The Seller and the Buyer agree to conclude this Contract subject to the terms and conditions stated below:

1. Name and Specifications of Commodity：

Cotton Prints DY 78

2. Quantity：1% more or less allowed

3000 meters

Price：US$ per meters

Amount：US$ 9900

of Delivery:FOB

of Origin and Manufacturers:The United States

7. Packing：Package of 100 meters in a waterproof polythene bag and then in a cardboard box.

8. Shipping Marks：On the surface of each package,the package number,measurement,gross weight,net weight.

of Shipment：October 2008

of Loading：San Francisco USA

of Destination：Tianjin,PRC 12. Insurance：

According to the payment of the contract,insurance shall be covered by the Buyer for 110% of the invoice value against All Risks.

of Payment：

(1) Letter of Credit:The Buyer shall,7 days prior to the time of shipment /after this Contract comes into effect,open an irrevocable Letter of Credit in favor of the Letter of Credit shall expire 15 days after the completion of loading of the shipment as stipulated.

(2) Documents against payment:After shipment,the Seller shall draw a sight bill of exchange on the Buyer and deliver the documents through Sellers bank and N/A Bank to the Buyer against payment, D/ Buyer shall effect the payment immediately upon the first presentation of the bill(s) of exchange.

(3) T/T:The Buyer shall pay to the Seller total amount by T/T within 3 days against receiving the full set documents or the goods after shipment.

14. Documents Required：

The Seller shall present the following documents required to the bank for negotiation/collection:

(1) Full set of clean on board Ocean/Combined Transportation/Land Bills of Lading and blank endorsed marked freight prepaid/ to collect;

(2) Signed commercial invoice in 5 copies indicating Contract No.,L/C No.(Terms of L/C) and shipping marks;

(3) Packing list/weight memo in 2 copies issued by Seller;

(4) Insurance policy/certificate in 5 copies (Terms of FOB);

(5) Shipping advice

The Seller shall,within 24 hours after shipment effected,send by courier each copy of the above-mentioned documents No.(1) to (5).

Advice：

The Seller shall,immediately upon the completion of the loading of the goods,advise the Buyer of the Contract No.,names of commodity,loading quantity,invoice values,gross weight,name of vessel and shipment date by letter within 24 hours.

：

After arrival of the goods at the port of destination,the Buyer shall apply to China Commodity Inspection Bureau (hereinafter referred to as CCIQ) for a further inspection as to the specifications and quantity/weight of the damages of the goods are found,or the specifications and/or quantity are not in conformity with the stipulations in this Contract,except when the responsibilities lies with

Insurance Company or Shipping Company,the Buyer shall,within 30 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination,claim against the Seller,or reject the goods according to the inspection certificate issued by CCIB on the basis of the Rules and Regulations of Witness.

：

Should the quality,specifications,quantity,weight and/or packing be found not in conformity with the stipulation of this Contract,the Buyer shall give a notice of claims to the Seller and shall have the right to lodge claims against the Seller within 30 days from the date of the completion of unloading of the goods at the port of buyer shall make a claim against the Seller (including replacement of the goods) on the basis of the Rules and Regulations of Witness and all the expenses incurred therefore shall be borne by the claims mentioned above shall be regarded as being accepted if the Seller fail to reply within ten days after the Seller received the Buyer’s claim.

delivery and Penalty:

Should the Seller fail to make delivery on time as stipulated in the Contract,with the exception of Force Majeure causes specified in Clause 19 of this Contract,Shall be settled by the Witness on the basis of the Rules and Regulations of Witness.

Majeure：

The Seller shall not be responsible for the delay of shipment or non-delivery of the goods due to Force Majeure,which might occur during the process of manufacturing or in the course of loading or Seller shall advise the Buyer immediately of the occurrence mentioned above and within 3 days thereafter the Seller shall send a notice by courier to the Buyer for their acceptance of a certificate of the accident issued by the local chamber of commerce under whose jurisdiction the accident occurs as evidence such circumstances the Seller,however,are still under the obligation to take all necessary measures to hasten the delivery of the case the accident lasts for more than 15 days the Buyer shall have the right to cancel the buyer’s failure on getting the export license should not be regarded as force majeure.

:

Any dispute arising from or in connection with the Contract shall be settled through friendly case no settlement is reached,the dispute shall be submitted to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC),or South China Sub-Commission or Shanghai Sub-Commission for arbitration in accordance with its rules in effect at the time of applying for arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.

This contract shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the law of .

:

All notice shall be written in English or Chinese and served to both parties by fax/e-mail/ any changes of the addresses occur,one party shall inform the other party of the change of address within 3 days after the change.

terms FOB、CFR、CIF in the Contract are based on INCOTERMS 2000 of the International Chamber of Commerce.

clause：

N/A

Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English,each of which shall deemed equally Contract is in 3 copies,effective since being signed/sealed by two parties.

Representative of the Buyer

(Authorized signature):

Representative of the Seller

(Authorized signature):

BEC商务英语考试中级经典作文范文3

范文一：医生证明书

Doctor’s Certificate

June. 18, 2017

This is to certify that the patient, Mr. Tomas, male, aged 41, was admitted into our hospital on June. 9, 2017, for suffering from acute appendicitis. After immediate operation and ten days of treatment, he has got complete recovery and will be discharged on June. 19, 2017. It is suggested that he rest for one week at home before resuming his work.

Jack Hopkins

Surgeon-in-charge

译文一：

医生证明书

2017年6月18日

兹证明病人托马斯先生，男，41岁，因患急性阑尾炎，于2017年6月9日住院。经立即施行手术和十天治疗后，现已痊愈，将于2017年6月19日出院。建议在家休息一个星期后再上班工作。

主治医生：杰克·霍普金斯

bec中级写作范文3篇相关文章：

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2. 商务英语邮件写作范文3篇

3. BEC写作格式附范文

4. 关于商务英语BEC中级写作备考的短作文相关问题

5. 商务英语中级范文大全

6. 关于商务英语BEC的英语写作学习,教你三段落写好结构作文

7. bec商务英语写作范文:通知

8. 商务英语report范文

9. 关于BEC商务英语中级阅读中关键句型汇总

10. 商务英语(初级)写作范文:如何写订单

英文版商务英语论文范文

用英语写报告，对于外贸员来说，有没有接触过呢?下面是我给大家整理的商务英语report范文，供大家参阅!

Reports

Resource Planning Manager: Assessment ofSuitability for Home-based Working

Introduction

The purpose of this report is to assess the suitabilityof my position as Resource Planning Manager forhome-based working.

Findings

My working pattern and that of my colleagues variesfrom week to week. During certain periods a large proportion of my time is spent doingfieldwork. This is followed by office-based work collating and recording the data collected. Oncethe results have been recorded, I proofread the colour copies of all reports and maps.

As regards communication with colleagues, department meetings are held once a fortnight. Atall other times, the individual members of the team communicate either face-to-face or byphone, depending on their location. Apart from official meetings, the same results can beachieved whether I am in the office or working elsewhere.

Conclusion

It is clear that I would be able to undertake the same duties while working from home for a largeproportion of my time. Clearly, some days would be spent in the office for face-to-facecommunication with colleagues. It would also be necessary to use the technical facilities ofthe office at times. However, in order to be able to work effectively from home, I would needto be provided with a networked computer and printer.

Recommendations

I would suggest that I should be given the necessary equipment to work partially from homefor a trial period. After this time, further consultation should take place in order to reassessthe situation.

Report on Effective Team Leadership Workshop 关于举办提高团队领导效率研讨班的报告

The aim of this report is to summarise issues arising from the recent Team Leadership Workshop at Ekstrom and recommend appropriate action.

Findings

The workshop began with an assessment of how the Ekstrom team leaders understood their ranged from assigning and checking other people’s work to motivating others to do the disparity clearly showed that the team leaders had different understandings of their roles and that Ekstrom therefore needed to communicate its expectations more explicitly.

In order to do this,Ekstrom identified key tasks and used WorkSet colours to illustrate the precise level of responsibility which could be allocated to task such as communicating with the team,for example,might be approached in a variety of ways:

n\x05I give my staff instructions every morning.(Blue work)

n\x05I let my staff decide on the best approach for themselves.(Yellow work)

n\x05My team and I decide how to do each work.(Orange work)

Having identified the different possible approaches to each key task,the company was able to select which was most appropriate and communicate its expectations in terms of the skills and behavior required.

Conclusions

It is clear that Ekstrom needs to ensure that its team leaders are capable of performing key tasks in a manner(在某种意义上;在某种程度上) compatible with company the appropriate skills can be developed through in-company training,changing behavioural attributes is much more difficult.

Recommendations

We strongly recommend,therefore,that Ekstrom sets up assessment centres where existing team leaders and new applicants can be screened to ensure that they have the appropriate attributes for effective team leadership.

Barrie Watson

Belin Associates,February 2000

Assessment of Suitability for Home-based Working

Introduction

The purpose of this report is to assess the suitability of my position as Resource Planning Manager for home-based working.

Findings

My working pattern and that of my colleagues vary from week to week. During certain periods a large proportion of my time is spent doing fieldwork. This is followed by office-based work collating and recording the data collected. Once the results have been recorded, I proofread the colour copies of all reports and maps.

As regards communication with colleagues, department meetings are held once a fortnight. At all other times, the individual members of the team communicate either face-to-face or by phone, depending on their location. Apart from official meetings, the same results can be achieved whether I am in the office or working elsewhere.

Conclusion

It is clear that I would be able to undertake the same duties while working from home for a large proportion of my time. Clearly, some days would be spent in the office for face-to-face communication with colleagues. It would also be necessary to use the technical facilities of the office at times. However, in order to be able to work effectively from home, I would need to be provided with a networked computer and printer.

Recommendations

I would suggest that I should be given the necessary equipment to work partially from home for a trial period. After this time, further consultation should take place in order to reassess the situation.

Notes:

home-based working: working at home，在家办公

a large proportion of my time: 我的大部分时间

undertake my duties: 履行我的(工作)职责

Report on the use of company aircraft by department directors

Introduction

The purpose of this report is to discribe how the company jet is used by senior staff(departmental directors and above) of Florentino international.

Number of flights per year

The number of flights per year has increased from 56 last year to 63 this number is expected to increase by nearly 30% to 80 next year.

Reasons for flights

The main reason which was given for using the jet last year was customer meetings(56%).However,this has decreased to 40% this contrast,company meetings,which constituted 35% of reasons for flights last year,rose to 45% this is predicted that customer meetings will be the main reason for flights next year(60%),while company meetings are expected to decrease to just 30%.Other reasons for using the jet have remained almost the same over the three years at between 10% and 20%.

Conclusion

Use of the company aircraft is becoming increasingly popular,and customer meetings are the main reason for using it.

商务英语高级写作

商务英语是以适应职场生活的语言要求为目的，内容涉及到商务活动的'方方面面。下面是我整理的商务英语写作范文，希望能帮到大家!

Sample answer: (235words)

Reassessment of job satisfaction: SuePearson(PR Dept.)

Introduction

This report sets out to use Workset colours toassess the accuracy of my job description as PRofficer and to suggest a number of changes.

Findings

It is clear that there is a difference between theway the company views the job and the reality as I perceive it. Firstly, a number of areas whichdemand a significant proportion of my time are not mentioned in the official job brief. Thesegment on the pie chart which provides most cause for concern is the pink sector; this relatesto my attendance at a number of meetings which I can contribute little. Another significantarea is the grey segment; this refers to the unscheduled time I spend sorting out computerproblems. I feel these activities are hampering my core work. As can be seen from the piecharts, the time I spend actively working to meet the goals agreed with my line manager is lessthan envisaged.

Conclusions

The above discrepancies clearly indicate that my current job brief is inaccurate.

Recommendations

I would recommend that my official job brief should be updated using the Workset would also be valuable to consider the proportion of non-core colours in the pie chart andto investigate whether work in these areas could be carried out by someone else more suitedto these tasks.

Dear Mr Jacobs

I am writing to apply to the position of SalesAdviser for the North East Region which wasadvertised in Herald International yesterday.

Although I am currently working in the MarketingDepartment of a large multinational, I wouldappreciate to work for a rapidly expanding youngcompany such as yours.

As you can see from my enclosed CV, I obtainedan honours degree in Sales and Marketing from Nottingham University in 1994. I thoroughlyenjoyed the six months I spent in working in Boots plc as pert of the course. During this time Igained invaluable insights into the nature of sales. After leaving university I initially spent timeworking for a small local firm before finding my current job and I feel that I am more suited tothe dynamics and varied demands of a smaller firm.

Not only has my experience familiarised me with the challenges faced by the industry todaybut, having been brought up in the north east, I know the region, its problems and itsundoubted potential. As a result, I feel that I would be able to relate to your customers onboth a professional and a personal level.

I am available for interview from 15 September and would be pleased to discuss my CV inmore detail then,

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely

A motivation survey

How to improve efficiency

Recently,our company has been focusing on how to improve did a research on trying to put the relevant problems into spotlight.

Firstly, the staffing levels is too heavy to make responsibilities and duties clear to example,there are two sales directors under the chief account of the ambiguity existing in the segregation of duties,these two directors often give contradicted task couldn’t be executed rightly and recommendation is to simplify the personnel ,by cutting off the unnecessary personnel ,adding creativity.

Secondly, the communication between superior and subordinate is sophisticated and manager couldn’t get feedback timely when the workers at the production line encounter advise to set a straight line communication channel.

The last but not the least,as the development of export,setting up a new department focusing on foreign trade is new department could born from the sales department,which could be a good choice for the staff who cut down from sales we also need to recruit a batch of new employees who are gathering English ,contract,and technical ability on himself into it.

In conclusion,it is impossible to improve efficiency simply by simplifying process and need to undergo a big ache all over the company,which means certain people ‘s vested interest. We have to conquer the obstruction if we want to get it.

当英语论文，或其他重要的英文文书的初稿撰写完成后，在提交给相关读者阅读之前，必须要经过润色才比较保险。找北京译顶科技，性价比高，我就是在那边做的。你可以加速去知道了解下

论文答辩范本商务英语

毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版（通用6篇）

转眼间充满意义的大学生活就即将结束，我们都知道毕业生要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种、有准备的检验大学学习成果的'形式，那么什么样的毕业论文才是好的呢？下面是我整理的毕业论文答辩自述稿英文版，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。

Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction. The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation.

I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators.

So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.

I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.

The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.

So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.

Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.

Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.

Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.

Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.

Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices. OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions。

Good morning,

Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ： I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere grat-itude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.

My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts.

The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies.

In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society.

Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Thank you!

good evening, all the appraiser committee members. i come from hust, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. i am and my supervisor is prof.***. with her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year"s hard work, i have finished my paper. finally, it is the show time. this evening i will present my efforts to you all and i gratefully welcome any correction.

the title of my paper is a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. firstly, i am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. secondly, i am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and i have taught this text for more than 3 times . last but not the least ,as a female , i am keen on the study of feminism. for the above facts, i select the subject of a study of the causes of the gothic style in a rose for emily from a feminist perspective as the title of my paper.

i hope by studying this short story we can know more about american southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

next , i will present it to you. here is an outline of my presentation. they are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

this paper consists of six parts. part one presents an introduction to the author william faulkner and a rose for emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and emily s attitude towards love. finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

ok, that"s all. now you may raise your questions ! i am ready! thank you !

today, the title of my paper is on the network novels. in recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. network novel is one of the fast of them. in the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels" addicts. for the above facts, i select the subject of on the network novels as the title of my paper.

the last part, the forecast. looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. if each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.

not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.

good morning, all appraiser committee members. i am **** and my supervisor is ***. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of on transformation of parts of speech as the title of my paper.

i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.

part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.

part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.

The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.

Angela Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.

With the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.

Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.

Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.

Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.

Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.

Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.

Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.

OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

英语毕业的论文答辩稿（精选6篇）

毕业论文答辩是一种有组织、有准备、有计划、有鉴定的比较正规的审查论文的重要形式。为了搞好毕业论文答辩，在举行答辩会前，校方、答辩委员会、答辩者（撰写毕业论文的作者）三方都要作好充分的准备。下面是我整理的英语毕业的论文答辩稿（精选6篇），欢迎大家分享。

Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is . With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style.

I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !

晚上好，所有的评估委员会成员。我来自HUST，主修外国语言学和应用语言学。我是xxx，我的主管是教授。 xxx。凭着她的真诚和智慧的指导，近一年的辛苦工作，我已经完成了我的论文。最后，这是展示时间。今天晚上，我将向大家致以衷心的感谢，我衷心地欢迎您的加入。

我的论文的标题是哥特式风格的研究

我希望通过研究这个短小的故事，我们可以在某些历史和文化中更多地描述美国南方妇女，更多地要求帮助现代社会的妇女对自己有一个广泛的了解，帮助我们提高我的独立性和信心，并更多地关注我们的心理健康该

接下来，我将向您介绍。这是我演讲的大纲。他们是文学评论，哥特式传统，哥特式风格的故事和哥特风格的原因。

本文由六部分组成。第一部分提出了作者威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner)和艾米莉·艾丝丽(A Rose)的作者，指出了这项研究的目的.和意义。第二部分是文献综述，对国内外这本小说进行了相关研究，并指出了理论依据和方法。第三部分给出了小说中哥特式传统的时间表，即死亡主题，独特的人物和神秘的气氛。部分原因，详细介绍了这本小说中哥特式风格的原因：父权制的压迫，南方女士的神话和艾米莉对爱情的态度。最后，在结论中，笔者对以前的部分进行了梳理，再次强调了论文论证的意义。

好的，就是这样。现在你可以提出你的问题!我准备好了!谢谢！

Good morning,

Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：

I am Wu Lin. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professor Hu Anjiang, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.

My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van Winkle).

The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Thank you!

good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. i am xxxx and my supervisor is xxx. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!

stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!

Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m xxx and come from class x. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.

The title of my paper is xxxxxxxxxxxxx. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.

Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.

Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.

Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.

For the above facts, I select this title.

Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.

The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.

The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.

The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.

The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.

The last part is the conclusion.

I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.

When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.

That’s all. Thank you.

Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

英语论文答辩开场白（精选7篇）

在现在社会，许多人对开场白的掌握需求逐渐增多，开场白应该达到明确您的'意图，使目标愿意和您交流，允许您提出问题的目的。那么，开场白一般是怎么写的呢？以下是我帮大家整理的英语论文答辩开场白，欢迎大家分享。

Good morning,

Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) :

I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.

My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.

Thank you!

Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am xxxx and my supervisor is xxx. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.