关于语态论文范文写作

为了让SCI论文顺利发表，科研工作者在翻译SCI论文时，一定要注意语态和时态，尤其是时态使用出错的话，很容易造成文章歧义。如果因此引起拒稿实在遗憾，那么这里学术堂就给大家整理了一些关于时态和语态的使用技巧。

1、写作时态英语谓语动词时态共有16种，不过在英文科技论文中使用较多的主要是三种：即一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时。

正确地使用动词时态是科研写作的基本功，我们在撰写英文论文时，如不能正确选用时态，常常会改变文章所要表达的意思，从而影响评审专家与读者的理解。

在科技论文中正确使用时态

应该把握以下三个基本要点：

1）一般现在时：主要用于不受时间限制的客观存在事实的描述，或发生或存在于写论文之时的感觉、状态、关系等的描述或致谢的表述等。值得注意的是，出于尊重，凡是他人已经发表的研究成果作为"previously established knowledge"，在引述时普遍都用一般现在时。

2）一般过去时：用于写论文中作者自己所做工作的描述。例如在描述自己的材料、方法和结果等问题时使用。

3） 一般将来时：用于撰写论文之后发生的动作或存在的状态。例如提出下一步的研究方向。

2、一般在科技论文当中，最常采用的语态是被动语态。如：A new approach is put forward in the paper that-/Conclusion can be drawn from the experiment that-不难发现，被动语态相对于主动语态，优势更多：

1）科技论文常常需要介绍客观的、不以人的意志为转移的研究过程、实验结果等方面内容。使用被动语态可以给人更加客观真实之感。

2）使用被动式可以避免提及动作的施动者，这样反而使研究动作有了更广泛的普遍性。

3）由于被动语态的特殊结构，使其在句子结构调节方面有着更大的灵活性，有利于在添加短语结构、扩充句子信息的同时保持句式的工整平衡。

English is so interesting and widely used

If your clas *** ate says to you, “I can speak five countries' languages”. Don't be surprised, you can say “Oh yes, I can , too. I can speak the language of Britain , America , Canada , Australia and New Zealand.”

From the words , we can see English is so widely used . You can see English everywhere . English is written on many many things . When you open your calculator（计算器） ， you can see the words——“on” “off” “shift” “mode” and so on . When you walk in the street , you can see “Kentucky Fried Chicken” “DRIVE SLOWLY!” “Sky Book Shop” beside you . When we go into the shop , we can see “Coca-Cola”（可口可乐） “Rejoice”（飘柔） “Safeguard”（舒肤佳）.

Every day , in the school , we students meet , we say “Hi!” or “how are you?” . When somebody makes good friends , he will say “Good!” . And when a boy fails the exam , he will say “Bad luck!” . Another , a student meets something strange , he will shout “Oh , my god!” . And on the playground , when a class wins the football game , we will say “Congratulations!”.

English is not only in our book but in our English class . We can use it all the time . let's try to learn English well!

It was the night before Christmas. The snow had been falling all week（过去完成式的被动语态）， and the entire town was covered in snow （过去式被动）. In every house, the children had already gone to bed（过去完成式的被动语态）， where they dreamed about new toys. Their parents were still awake. Presents were taken out of their hiding place （过去式被动）， and were wrapped with paper and bows（过去式被动）.

Tomorrow morning, children will run down the stairs. Presents will be opened （未来式被动）， Christmas carols will be sung （未来式被动）， and Christmas cookies will be eaten （未来式被动）. But for now, the house was quiet.

Let's Make Everyday an Earth Day

It is well known that Apr 22th is annual Eearth people express their love for the beautiful, blue pla in all kinds of activities.

What we humans depend upon for survival is nature,which has been destroyed day by , water and soil have been polluted endlessly by those on behalf of so-called progress and development.

If we keep this up,the results could not be 's make our efforts to protect the earth and I believe the mother earth must be revived its beauty and vigour in the near future!

每天都是地球日

众所周知，每年的4月22日是地球日。这一天，人们用各种方式表达他们对这颗美丽的蔚蓝色星球的爱。我们赖以生存的大自然正在日益被破坏。空气、水、土壤遭到那些打着所谓进步和发展旗号的人们无休止的污染。

如果人类长此以往，后果不堪设想。让我们尽我们的努力来保护地球，我相信在不远的将来地球母亲一定可以重现光彩与活力！

今天是十一国庆节，我们当然得好好地玩一玩。但由于苏州园林啊，同里周庄啊等等景点我们都去过，于是今天爸爸开车载我和妈妈去了乡下外婆家。

今天，是一个难得的好天气：蔚蓝的天空中飘着几朵雪白的云朵儿，漫步在天街中的太阳公公今天精力格外的充沛，大地一片生机勃勃。妈妈提议：“我们去划船吧！”一听到划船，我兴奋极了，连声说：“好啊好啊！”于是我、妈妈和外婆一起戴上凉帽出发了。

外婆拿着船桨，负责在船尾划，她一手拿着系住船尾的麻绳，一手用力推拉船桨，那娴熟的动作真是让我佩服得五体投地。妈妈拿着竹篙，负责借力调整船的方向。那 *** 什么呢？我不就没事做了吗？我撅起小嘴嚷道：“没劲，不好玩。”外婆灵机一动，现在荷花开得正艳，说不定还有很多小莲蓬呢！于是她把猪八戒的武器——耙子递给我，又将船划到一个荷花盛开的地方，哇，好美啊！荷叶挨挨挤挤，像一把把碧绿的伞。粉红色的荷花更是千姿百态，有的才展开两三片花瓣；有的花瓣全部展开了；有的还是花骨朵儿，看起来饱胀得要破裂似的。真是“接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红”啊！外婆对我说：“现在你可以大显身手，用耙子采莲蓬了。”我高兴极了，用耙子瞄准莲蓬的根，然后使劲插过去，当莲蓬与船儿很近时，我用手敏捷地一拉，一只莲蓬就成为了我的战利品。傍晚，

I am loved by you

When I first came to the world, I cried, but you *** iled at me. I knew I was loved by you. When I got good mark, we cheered together, I knew you love me as well. Now I am growing up, you *** ile at me in the same way. Yeah, I am loved by you.

Love makes me feel happy, lively and warm. I like the feeling while you love me. Mom and Dad, do you know?Because of the love, I grew better and better. I find that I must love you, too. From the bottom of my heart, thank you for your love and care. I can't pay for your patience.

I am loved by you and I love you.

这样行吗？

希望对你有帮助

被 动 语 态一、被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。

英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。

二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。

疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明： 2、被动语态的句式变化： 以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化： 3、含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变。

三、被动语态的用法： 1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。

He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。 2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。

此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。 The room hasn't been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。

The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀了。 3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。

如： The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。 The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。

4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。 It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。

It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。 其它常见的"It is + 过去分词+ that"句型还有 四、主动语态变为被动语态 转换图示： 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。

如： Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom. (2)将动词改为"be+过去分词"。 注意： They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。

（3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。

He sang a song. → A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： （1）主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示"人们"、"大家"的单词，变为主动句时，通常删去"by…"，但原主语被强调者除外。如： They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975. 这所医院建于1975年。

Only he can finish the job. → 只有他能完成这项工作。 The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。

（2）含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。

Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack.。

The Mid-Autumn festival is a traditional Chinese Festival celebrated by all the Chinese 's widely recognized as a festival that a family get together.

The Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month. On that night, it can be seen that the moon is brighter and fuller than any other night.

The Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated by eating mooncakes are delicious. It's liked by all the children.

at night,a big party is usually held by the families .They like chatting with each things are talked about .A lot of nice things will be provided,too.

After dinner,they watch the moon,as in China a full moon is considered as a symbol of family reunion. the story of Chang E will be was made flew to the moon and live in the Moon Palace. What a beautiful story!

I was very busy last weekend. I did a lot of things. On Saturday, I went to Da Shan Foreign Language School. I learned English and math. That was interesting! So, I had fun. At noon, I went to Mcdonald. I bought lots of fast food. Burger, French fries, ice-cream etc. I ate them. I was very full. In the afternoon, I played football with my friends. Later on, we were thirsty. And we drank water. We went on and played football. On Sunday, I took a trip with my parents. We went to Gongyi. We visited the museum. I rode a horse. I was a little afraid. When we went home, it was very late. But, we got relaxation and enjoyed ourselves. That was my last weekend. It was very interesting! How about you? What did you do last weekend? ORLast weekend we went to Paris. I gotta say that it was a lot nicer and friendlier than i expected, but then again i think people were just really amused by by how horrible my french was. I learned some basic phrases but those years of learning spanish kicked in and i was rolling all of my 'r's even when i tried not to. When we got their friday we went and saw the Moulin Rouge. I was a pretty good show, and there was some really cool dancing and acts as well as an abundance of breasts. The thing that i thought was the most amusing was a man who did an act beeen dances and he juggled 4 pingpong balls using only his mouth。

At one point in the show a large clear poll came up out of the stage and one of the women jumped in and started swimming around. Oh and it's worth noting that the pool was full of BIG SNAKES! Ok, not FULL of snakes but there were prolly 8 or so in there with this woman swimming around. Of course as part of the show everyone is also given a half bottle of champagne, and since neither of us had eaten in about 9 hours we were both quite drunk by the end. On Saturday we went was the sights, and i gotta say the Eiffel Tower is big. I mean really big. I mean if you were to fall off of the first level you'd have ample time to think about just how dumb it was to be climbing the safty fence in the first place before you became a *** ear on the concrete/people below. (ok, maybe i'm exagerating a little but it is pretty freakin' big.) The Arc de Triumph was also pretty big but not as cool as the Eiffel tower. We also went into the Notre Dame Cathedral, but sadly they closed off visits to the towers a few minutes before we got there. I was really surprised by it though. when we went to london Westminster was very touristy and really didn't feel like a cathedral at all, but Notre Dame was definitely a functioning church. We saw lines for people waiting to make confessions and everything. I have to mention that apparently each priest has a little sign that they put up went taking confessions that tells people just what languages they are able to do it in; I thought that was pretty funny. On sunday we went to the Louvre. Jesus H Christ that's a big place. the long side of it is 700 meters long and the "short" side is 500-600 meters long. I spent a lot of time thinking to myself "damn, this was some one's house?!" I really thought that the shear sized of some of the stuff there was unnecessary, but then i haven't been a French King either. We saw the Mona lisa and the Venus Di Milo and they were somewhat underwhelming but in the same room as the Mona lisa on the opposite was was a painting that i'm pretty sure was larger in dimensions than my parent's house. It was a really cool painting though. After that we just spent the day wandering the public gardens and hanging about, eventually going to the Rodin museum and seeing 'the Thinker' and some other the whole Paris was a lot of fun though i wish we could have gotten good meal while we were on to more mundane things, I was looking at the gnomeragan server forum and realized that were i to transfer Dessel there, he would basically be the one good tailor for the server. I haven't actually decided if i want to do that or not I have a couple reservations about doing it but we'll finished reading Interview with the Vampire a couple of days ago and some how there isn't a copy of The Vampire Lestat in the city. So instead i bought Dune Messiah and hopefully that will last me a month or so if i just go slowly with （∩_∩）O好的话赞一个哦。

随着对 英语 文化 学习的不断深入,随着英语重要地位的不断确立,英语语言学的研究工作也越来越深入。下文是我为大家整理的关于英语语言学论文 范文 参考的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考! 关于英语语言学论文范文参考篇1 浅探英语语言学中的幽默话语 幽默是指在人类交际的过程中，能够引人发笑的话语、动作和表情等，其内容丰富多彩，表现形式多种多样，比例幽默话语、幽默动作、幽默音乐等等。因为人们的交际活动多依赖于语言，所以幽默也多来源于话语当中。 一、英语语言学中的幽默话语 在繁忙的生活中，幽默是一剂强力润滑剂。幽默话语是借助于语言手段来表述幽默的。它是以语言为媒介，根据特定的情境下，以轻松诙谐的语调，机智、风趣、戏谑的话语风格，通过讽刺、夸张、映射、双关等手法，来表达话语者自己的思想和观点，并使受话者不知不觉地接受，达到“随风潜入夜，润物细无声”的效果和境界。幽默话语往往带有一些意味深长的色彩，对揭露生活中的丑恶或不公平现象，还可以起到发人深省的作用。而对于受话者来说，要把话语和当时具体的语境线索结合起来，利用自己既有的语言知识和社会认知，去发现说话者的言外之意和要表达的真实意图，才能真正的理解幽默，并从中获得愉悦。 例如，“Mr Zhou have a sharp tongue，look out，it doesn’t cut your throat.”这句话看起来是像是在说舌头，但是，我们把这句话放到语境中，就可以想到，这里的“a sharp tongue”并不是什么锋利的舌头，而是牙尖嘴利、毒舌的意思，是发话者幽默、含蓄、间接的表达方式。 二、幽默话语与合作原则 (一)合作原则 胡范畴认为，所谓幽默话语是语言的各要素通过变异和创造而出来的。而美国语言哲学家Grice则认为，幽默话语的作用是为了确保交际活动顺利进行。Grice认为，在人们运用语言进行交际时，交际的双方(发话者和受话者)还要遵守一些先决条件和原则，例如使用双方都能熟练运用的语言、交谈内容是双方都熟悉的话题，还有最重要的合作原则(cooperative principle，CP)。合作原则包括四个范畴，即数量准则、质量准则、关联准则和方式准则。在合作原则下，要求发话者和受话者者要端正态度，在谈话中做到“一唱一和”，避免造成“鸡同鸭讲”“话不投机半句多”的情况。 (二)合作原则与幽默话语的关系 如果说要遵循“数量准则、质量准则、关联准则和方式准则”的合作原则是一位西装革履、步态稳健的中年人，那么幽默话语就是一位穿着休闲时尚、语态随意轻松的新新人类。合作原则与幽默话语的结合，就是传统沉稳美与时尚活力没的结合，在这种结合中，传统的合作原则难免要接受新的挑战，甚至在一定程度上被打破。以下，本文以数量准则和质量准则为例，对合作原则与幽默话语进行举例分析。 (1)幽默话语与数量准则 合作原则之质量准则要求说话者和听话者之间交谈的内容要包含适当的信息量。但是在实际的语言环境中，我们常常需要打破这一数量原则，来起到幽默话语的喜剧效果。例如： Jack：I saw Mr Green having lunch with a woman the day before yesterday. Eason：Oh my god!Is she beautiful? Jack：Yes，she is not only beautiful，but also young. Eason：Dose Mrs Green know about it? Jack：Of was the young and beautiful woman. 在这段对话中，Eason理解的和Mr Green共进午餐的年轻貌美的女人应该是除了Mrs Green以外的其他女人，同时也不是Mr Green家里的其他女性亲戚。而Jack如果不想引起误会的话，应该直接说他前天看到Mr Green和Mrs Green共进午餐，但是为了引起Eason的好奇心，促使他进一步追问，就在第一句话中只说看到Mr Green与一位女性共进午餐，这虽然是违反了数量准则的，但也就此产生体现了幽默话语的有趣、逗乐原则。而Eason心理期待与实际情况之间的落差导致其认知的突然重构，给交谈双方带来乐趣，达到愉悦和反讽的效果。 (2)幽默话语与质量准则 合作原则之质量准则要求说话者不说自知是虚假的话，不说无稽之谈，但是在幽默话语中，说话者经常会采用诸如反语、夸张的休息手法。这样虽然会打破“质量准则”，但是带来的幽默效果也是非常显著的。在上世纪90年代即被引入中国并风靡十几年的美国NBC情景剧《老友记》中就存在很多这样的例子。例如： Phoebe：You do not want to wine the lottery? Rose：Uh surely I do，and I want to be the king of my own country. 通过思考并分析这段对话，我们得出Phoebe问Rose，你是否对有意买彩票，有没有兴趣去试一下自己的运气，通过片中的特点情景和人物关系，我们可以看出Rose对彩票不感兴趣，但是她没有直接了当的说“没兴趣”，而是采用了幽默话语说“想啊，我当然想，我还想当国家元首呢。”因为一个平民是几乎没有可能成为国家元首的，所以Rose的话语是违背了质量准则的。但是，这种“有意违背”和“夸大其词”正是这段对话的笑点所在。 三、幽默话语与指称语 指称语(indexicals)就是具有指称功能的语言结构形式，是日常生活中常见的语言现象。是发话人与受话人，在共同的知识环境、语言环境下，可以彼此理解的，映射出话语的，潜在的指称义和指称关系。当指称语所指示的信息不明确或者出现谬误，发话人的意思就是变得令人费解，幽默话语很可能就此产生。同时，指称语还受到人文背景、社会文化、交际距离、环境等多种因素的影响。指称语可以分为人称指称语、时间指称语、地点指称语等等，其中以人称指称语最为常见。我本文就以人称指称语为例，幽默话语和指称语之间的关系。 人称指称语可以分为第一人称、第二人称和第三人称，是对话参与者角色关系的客观体现。第一人称是发话人、第二人称是受话人、第三人称是话语谈及的对象。在话语中，如果这种规则被打破，就会出现人称指称语不相对应的现象，可能会起到幽默效果。例如： Jim was down the local pub with his mate Mark. Jim：Do you know，Mark，I never kissed my wife before we were about you?” Mark：I don’t know，What was her maiden name?” 这段对话是Jim与Mark之间的酒后之言。Jim的提问，真正的意思是“Have you ever kissed your wife before you were married?” 在指称语中，第二人称是针对受话人而言的，谈及的是隐私或伤痛，所以受话人Mark就采用了幽默话语来回避问题，轻描淡写地将这一问题带过去了，其机智幽默值得我们参照和学习。 四、关联理论与幽默话语 从关联理论的角度来看，受话者会故意曲解发话者的意图，到处与发话者截然相反的信息，产生意外的幽默效果。例如： Teacher：Tom，there were three peaches，ate one，how many would you have? Tom：Three，tow outside and one inside. Tom作为孩子，其对事物的思考方式不同于成人，因为无法认清老师出题的意图，而给出出人意料的答案，起到了幽默的效果。 结语： 从上述讨论中，我们可以看出，在不同语境中，人们会对对话意义、指称语、 语言意义等的理解产生偏差或者错位。幽默话语具有深层次的、含蓄的、深沉的、巧妙的作用，避免交际中的尴尬或难堪，增强语言表达的效果，可以起到愉悦交流、点缀生活的作用。 关于英语语言学论文范文参考篇2 浅谈从建构主义角度探析英语语言学教学 21 世纪 教育 的基点是终身学习，是不断提出问题、解决问题的学习，是敢于打破狭隘的专业界限面向真实复杂任务的学习。在英语课程学习过程中，学生普遍认为英语语言学这门课更加的枯燥，无味和吃力。英语语言学课程涉及面广、内容多、概念多、理论多，理论性和实践性都很强;同时英语语言学课时少，而语言学的发展引起的教学内容不断扩充，暴露出和教学时数有限之间日益严重的矛盾。因而继续沿用传统的教学理念和教学模式进行教学已经不能适应新形势下的教学过程，必须用一种更好的教学方式，使学生和老师尽快适应新形势的要求。 随着建构主义学习理论的出现，提出了建构主义的教学设计。建构主义强调情境、协作、会话和意义建构四大要素，倡导以“学”为中心的理念。将建构主义的教学理论引入到英语语言学教学过程中，进行了许多有益的尝试，取得了显著的效果。 1 建构主义的四大要素 在 学习 方法 上建构主义提倡的是教师指导下的以学生为主体的学习,在学习环境上要求是开放的、充满意义解释和建构性的,理想的学习环境主要有情境、协作、会话和意义建构四大要素构成。 “情境”：学习环境中的情境必须有利于学习者对所学内容的意义建构。这就意味着在建构主义学习环境下，要把为学生创设建构意义的情境问题看作是教学设计的主要内容之一。“在课堂教学中播放有助于理解教学内容的录像、录音、参与 社会实践 、向学生提供网络的丰富的学习资源等等，凡是有助于学习者理解掌握学习内容的情境，都属于情境创设的范畴。” “协作”：协作发生在学习过程的始终。协作在一定意义上是协商的意思。协商主要有自我协商和相互协商。 “会话”：会话是协作过程中的不可缺少环节。学习小组成员之间通过会话来商讨如何完成规定的学习任务达到意义建构的目标，怎样更多地获得教师或他人的指导和帮助等等，推进学习进程。在会话的过程中，每个学习者的思维成果(智慧)为整个学习群体所共享 ，因此会话是达到意义建构的重要手段之一。 “意义建构”：这是整个学习过程的最终目标。在学习过程中帮助学生建构意义就要帮助学生对当前学习的内容所反映事物的性质、规律以及该事物与其他事物之间的内在联系达到较深刻的理解。 2 建构主义环境下对英语语言学教学启示 强调以学为中心的设计 在建构主义学习环境下，师生的地位、作用与传统的教学发生了很大的变化。学生由知识的被动接受者转变为信息加工的主体、知识意义的主动建构者。教师也不再是知识的灌输者，而是教学环境的设计者、学生学习的组织者和指导者、知识的管理者，是学生的学术顾问。因此，教师要从前台退到幕后，从“演员”转变为“导演”。在建构主义的语言学教学中，学习环境中要充分发挥学生的主动性，教师要为学生创设尽可能真实的情境去应用他们所学的知识。具体来说,英语英语语言学课程教学应该激发教学主体的主动性和积极性,强调教学任务的适合性和针对性,注重教学环境的互动性和趣味性。 强调学习环境的设计 建构主义教学设计的重心便是学习环境的设计。这里的学习环境是一个支持和促进学习者自主探索、自主学习的场所。学习环境的设计应围绕支持学习者开展有意义的学习来创设支持条件。它主要包括基于问题的学习环境的设计、合作学习环境的设计、真实情境的设计等。建构主义学习环境的设计的宗旨是通过支持学习者的有意义学习，促进学习者的发展。 例如，在讲授语言的任意性时，不少学生对于语言中音和义之间没有必然的联系这一属性存在疑惑，原因是在语言中的确存在一些音和义有一定联系的语言现象，如拟声词，对于这种问题，教师可以在深入讲解之前，给学生布置一些任务，让他们课前收集英语中的拟声词，并让其与汉语中对应的拟声词相比较，然后以 报告 的形式在课上做出来，教师则在这一过程中起着引导、监督、组织的作用，在学生做完报告后，教师做出归纳 总结 。 教学任务的适合性和针对性 语言教学中任务的设置必须以学生的实际情况为前提,任务太困难或太容易都不利于学生主动建构知识。在选择英语语言学课程教学内容时，应适当减少课堂教学内容的广度和深度。所选课堂教学内容如下:语言、语言学、语音学、音系学、句法学、语义学、语用学、二语习得、语言与文化。明确学习任务,选择训练方式,使学生有足够的机会进行练习。教师应懂得如何控制自己的情绪,并通过积极的语言来激励学生。应及时地对正确回答问题,出色完成学习任务的学生进行表扬。如:Well done!Very good!Good job! Excel lent!这些词语看似简单,却能给学生以信心和动力。同时,对学生的缺点和不足要多指导,少批评少责备。 3 建构主义的教学评价 建构主义评价观具有几个方面的特征。首先，诊断性和 反思 性是建构主义学习评价的重要组成部分。这就意味着，学习者必须从事自我监控、自我测试、自我检查等活动，以诊断和判断他们在学习中所追求的是否是自己设置的目标。其次，建构主义评价观认为评价是评价者和被评价者“协商”进行的共同心理建构过程，评价受“多元主义”价值观所支配。因此，建构主义注重评价主体的多元化和评价方式的多样化。再次，建构主义认为，评价是学习者活动过程中的一个必然组成部分，而不是教学后的评价，它是一个持续性和实时性的镶嵌过程。因此，建构主义强调过程性评价，倡导“质性”的方法。所谓过程性评价是在某项教学活动的过程中，为使活动效果更好而不断进行的评价，它能及时了解阶段教学的结果和学生学习的进展情况、存在问题等，以便及时反馈，及时调整和改进教学工作。可见，建构主义评价观提倡以学为中心的理念，更加关注学生的发展。 4 结束语 建构主义教学观为课堂教学提供了新模式,为习惯于被动式接受的学生阐释了学习的新理念,从而为英语语言学课堂的教与学带来了新的启示和体验。在英语语言学课堂教学中教授学习策略,引导学生自主学习及改进 教学方法 。这些方面有助于学生建构知识,形成能力。 参考文献 [1]陈莉.社会建构主义与外语教学[J].外语论坛, 2003(1). [2]胡壮麟.对中国英语教育的若干思考[J].外语研究, 2002(3). [3]盛群力、__强.现代教学设计论[M].浙江教育出版社，2000