建筑方面的英文论文格式

把英文输入到翻译软件中翻译，自己再整理一下翻译出来的汉语，推荐软件有道词典

建筑论文如果不会 我来.

Chinese architecture Chinese traditional wooden structure building to the main building to the Western tradition masonry based. Modern architecture is based on reinforced concrete based. Chinese ancient architecture with a simple and elegant style, mainly grass, wood for building materials, methods for the structure of wood structure (columns, beams, Fang, purlins, rafters and other components), in accordance with the structure of the actual needs of size, shape and report the combination together. This approach reflects the ancient architectural structure of the patriarchal social structure clear, orderly and stable. Ancient architecture Since the production of wooden beams is not easy material to form a huge interior space, clever use of ancient buildings have natural space other towns to form a courtyard. Courtyard is the basic unit of construction, it is both closed, and is open; only artificial, but also natural, plant flowers and trees overlooking, Yang Guan FY sun and the moon, as the ancients, "Heaven" is another concept performance also reflects the Chinese people both within subtle, but also forge ahead of the national character. Larger number of ancient buildings are composed by a number of garden buildings, individual buildings and gardens arranged along a certain direction, there are times the Lord, there is high tide there is transition, to become level, deep space, showing a the whole Chinese people, the pursuit of beauty and profound beauty. Including palaces, temples, building a class of relatively solemn, often along the central axis of the longitudinal one by one main building, bilaterally symmetrical arrangement of secondary structures, the layout of balanced stretch and fascinating. Early will be able to use the ancient balance, harmony, symmetry, brightness axis and other design techniques to achieve beautiful results. Ancient architecture art deco heavy, but not complicated, just focus on the main site for decoration, such as canopies, lintels, roof, etc., for the equitable distribution and more direction, do not re-rise buildings, to Buddhism, there has been pavilion pagoda of construction was able to prevail. All art processing buildings are also on the structural system and components of processing, such as color, decorative elements combined with to form a wealth of brilliant artistic achievement, richly ornamented, beautiful and colorful body; couplets plaque, stimulate interest and charm and endless reverie. Category prosperous ancient buildings, including palaces, cemeteries, monasteries, temples, gardens, bridges, Tasha and so on.中式建筑 中国传统的建筑以木结构建筑为主，西方的传统建筑以砖石结构为主。现代的建筑则是以钢筋混凝土为主。 中国古代建筑具有朴素淡雅的风格，主要以茅草、木材为建筑材料，以木架构为结构方式（柱、梁、枋、檩、椽等构件），按照结构需要的实际大小、形状和检举组合在一起。这种建筑结构方式反映了古代宗法社会结构的清晰、有序和稳定。 古代建筑由于木质材质制作的梁柱不易形成巨大的内部空间，古代建筑便巧妙地利用外埠自然空间，组成庭院。庭院是建筑的基本单位，它既是封闭的，又是开放的；既是人工的，又是自然的，可以俯植花草树木，仰观风云日月，成为古人“天人合一”观念的又一表现，也体现了中国人既含蓄内向，又开拓进取的民族性格。古代稍大一些的建筑都是由若干个庭院组成的建筑群，单个建筑物和庭院沿一定走向布置，有主有次，有高潮有过渡，成为有层次、有深度的空间，呈现出一种中国人所追求的整体美和深邃美。其中宫殿、寺庙一类比较庄严的建筑，往往沿着中轴线一个接一个地纵向布置主要建筑物，两侧对称的布置次要建筑物，布局平衡舒展，引人入胜。 古人很早就能运用平衡、和谐、对称、明暗轴线等设计手法，达到美观的效果。古代建筑重艺术装饰，但不复杂，只在主要部位作重点装饰，如窗檐、门楣、屋脊等，布局多为衡平方向发展，不重高层建筑，至佛教传入后，出现了楼阁佛塔，共建筑才得以盛行。建筑的一切艺术加工也都是对结构体系和构件的加工，如色彩、装饰与构件结合，构成了丰富绚丽的艺术成就，雕梁画栋，形体优美而色彩斑斓；楹联匾额，激发意趣而遐想无穷。 古代建筑品类繁盛，包括宫殿、陵园、寺院、宫观、园林、桥梁、塔刹等。

学术论文是科学或者社会研究工作者在学术书籍或学术期刊上刊登的呈现自己研究成果的文章。学术论文往往强调原创性的工作总结，但也可以是对前人工作总结的回顾及做出评价，后者也往往被称为综述性文章（Review）。学术论文的出版正在经历着重大变化，出现了从传统的印刷版到网络上电子格式的兴起。论文中最重要的就是论点、论据和论证，所以在写作中，一定要对这三点加以重视。论文写作，简单的说，就是大专院校毕业论文的写作，包含着本科生的学士论文，研究生的硕士论文，博士生的博士论文，延伸到了职称论文的写作以及科技论文的写作。一般来说，论文写作，即高校毕业生，科技工作者以及各科研机构，事业单位工作人员，依据一定的论文格式和字数要求，对学习和工作的学术总结和创新。[1]2写作要求编辑简介论文一般由题名、作者、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成，其中部分组成（例如附录）可有可无。论文各组成的排序为：题名、作者、摘要、关键词、英文题名、英文摘要、英文关键词、正文、参考文献和附录和致谢。下面按论文的结构顺序依次叙述。题目(一)论文——题目科学论文都有题目，不能“无题”。论文题目一般20字左右。题目大小应与内容符合，尽量不设副题，不用第1报、第2报之类。论文题目都用直叙口气，不用惊叹号或问号，也不能将科学论文题目写成广告语或新闻报道用语。

Building Types and Design A building is closely bound up with people，for it provides with the necessary space to work and live in . As classified by their use, buildings are mainly of two types: industrial buildingsand civil buildings are used by various factories or industrial production while civil buildings are those that are used by people for dwelling, employment, education and other social activities. Industrial buildings are factory buildings that are available for processing and manufacturing of various kinds, in such fields as the mining industry, the metallurgical industry, machine building, the chemical industry and the textile buildings can be classified into two types single-story ones and multi-story ones. The construction of industrial buildings is the same as that of civil buildings. However, industrial and civil buildings differ in the materials used and in the way they are used. Civil buildings are divided into two broad categories: residential buildings and public buildings. Residential buildings should suit family life. Each flat should consist of at least three necessary rooms: a living room, a kitchen and a toilet. Public buildings can beused in politics, cultural activities, administration work and other services, such as schools, office buildings, parks, hospitals, shops, stations, theatres, gymnasiums, hotels, exhibition halls, bath pools, and so on. All of them have different functions, which in turn require different design types as well. Before any of the building can begin, plans have to be drawn to show what the building will be like, the exact place in which it is to go and how everything is to be important point in building design is the layout of rooms, which should provide the greatest possible convenience in relationto the purposes for which they are a dwelling house, the layout may be considered under three categories: “day”, “night”, and “services”. Attention must be paid to the provision of easy communication between these areas. The “day “rooms generally include a dining-room, sitting-room and kitchen, but other rooms, such as a study, may be added, and there may be a hall. The living-room, which is generally the largest, often serves as a dining-room, too, or the kitchen may have a dining alcove. The “night “rooms consist of the bedrooms. The “services “comprise the kitchen, bathrooms, larder, and water-closets. The kitchen and larder connect the services with the day is also essential to consider the question of outlook from the various rooms, and those most in use should preferably face south as possible. It is, however, often very difficult to meet the optimum requirements, both on account of the surroundings and the location of the roads. In resolving these complex problems, it is also necessary to follow the local town-planning regulations which are concerned with public amenities, density of population, height of buildings, proportion of green space to dwellings, building lines, the general appearance of new properties in relation to the neighbourhood, and so on. There is little standardization in industrial buildings although such buildings still need to comply with local town-planning regulations. The modern trend is towards light, airy factory buildings. Generally of reinforced concrete or metal construction, a factory can be given a “shed” type ridge roof, incorporating windows facing north so as to give evenly distributed natural lighting without sun-glare.摘自一片建筑学论文，具体我忘了，希望可以帮到你。