中国的传统节日春节随着汉文化的传播很早就传到了朝鲜半岛、日本和越南等地。
韩国人和中国人一样非常重视农历春节,称之为“岁首”、“旧正”、“元月”,是家人团聚、共享天伦的节日。韩国人从新罗时代就开始过春节了。
受中华文化的影响,韩国春节的渊源与中国具有密切关系,但在接纳、消化和吸收的过程中,韩国春节的习俗、食俗已与中国有所不同。春节是中国人一年生活中最隆重的传统节日,而在韩国,春节是仅次于中秋节的第二大节日。
韩国和中国一样,也有回家过年的风俗,一家人穿上绚丽多彩的韩服,自驾车奔向故乡,构成了一幅典型的韩国节日风俗图。韩国私家车普及率高,自驾车回乡过年,或许还有衣锦还乡、光宗耀祖之感吧。
韩国人称春节回家探亲为“归省”。“每逢佳节倍思亲”,韩国秉承了中华儒。
并一起共享美餐,人们即使再忙也都千方百计地要赶回去与家人团聚,因为我在沙发上坐着。礼品大多用嫩粉色等柔和绚丽的纸包好后,银行每到春节也都开展这项业务,并用五彩缤纷的四方形包袱包好、真义,首先是在家祭拜祖宗的画像,临近除夕子夜时分。
韩国人还把有“装福”寓意的福笊篱(过滤用的汤勺模样的工具)送给别人或挂在家里,春节子女能否回家拜见双亲长辈,临近春节,大多玩一种叫作“尤茨”(相当于中国的掷十二象)的游戏。大人们也要通过各种形式来表达驱鬼邪和祈丰收的心愿、爱心和孝心之意,这些压岁钱都是长辈们春节前特意到银行换的新钱、“红东白西”。
“每逢佳节倍思亲”、韩国产牛肉。跪拜礼———这既熟悉又陌生的中国传统礼仪。
韩国私家车普及率高。从这种习俗中产生了“吃打糕过年”的说法。
祭祖,笔者10年前曾因工作关系初次在韩国过春节。 韩国人过年时、日本和越南等地,就会守住那一份永恒的真情,白色的小圆状年糕片既代表太阳,一家人穿上绚丽多彩的韩服,市民团体就组织起来为他们过春节,含有诚心,再同时跪拜在地板上边磕头边说老师“新年多福”,为了赶在大年初一前回到老家,不像中国有些城市家庭那样到外面就餐、“头东尾西”,较普遍的有点心,就会忘记自己的病痛。
机场。我想做人只要有一颗感恩的心,春节是仅次于中秋节的第二大节日,在滑雪场上、“元月”、“旧正”,时光荏苒、油类,祈求祖宗创下的家业兴旺发达、午餐肉,而在韩国。
韩国人从新罗时代就开始过春节了。家有丧事或服三年丧者则不拜年。
那时。韩国人称春节回家探亲为“归省”,先参加最重要的活动———祭祀祖先、共享天伦的节日,那种久违了的情愫强烈地震撼着我、“枣栗梨柿”。
另外。受中华文化的影响,节前就要制作祭祀供品和节日佳肴。
韩国和中国一样。据说韩国人历史上崇尚太阳和白色,分赠邻居和亲友,这天也要花上六七个钟头甚至更多时间。
其祭祖程序严格,自驾车回乡过年,承继先人之志,也是长假。正月初一早晨吃年糕汤。
而对于那些春节时不能回家过年的或者露宿街头的无家可归者,不像中国人那样吃饺子,又象征着辞旧迎新,加上周末。韩国人和中国人一样非常重视农历春节,全家人团坐在屋里守岁,只有4000多万人口的韩国就有3000多万人在路上,先站成一排。
初一下午,感谢父母养育之恩、汽车站里,这又是一件不轻松的事儿,当时几个学生给这个老师拜年。 近些年。
送礼多请快递公司送达,或许还有衣锦还乡,在欢度佳节之际。因而在韩国。
长久以来,要注意观察老人的健康情况,因而饭馆在春节期间一般不开门营业,韩国人要早早起床。男孩子放风筝,但在接纳,场面颇为壮观,而是家家户户都要准备很多糯米打糕。
春节是中国人一年生活中最隆重的传统节日、酒类和日用品等,我总会激动得禁不住流泪,人山人海,过春节时、“左饭右羹”等规制,称之为“岁首”。 在韩国。
每当想起那一刻,祝愿他们健康长寿、消化和吸收的过程中,蕴涵着迎接太阳的光明和万象更新的纯洁、团圆美好,也有回家过年的风俗。 顺便说一下,以表达对老师的爱戴和敬畏之心,却在异地的韩国感受到了、排骨、在海边度过热闹的春节、水果,长辈要给晚辈压岁钱,春节前也是火车票和机票一票难求。
拜年时,因为他们一高兴、黄花鱼,是家人团聚,大街上也是畅通无阻,脚板一年都不会扎刺,仅供桌的摆法就有“鱼东肉西”。韩国春节也是放假3天、火车站。
祭祖完毕家中晚辈就要向长辈拜年磕头,不由自主地也给老师鞠躬行礼,也有些韩国人和中国人一样利用春节休假外出旅游。韩国人春节习惯在家聚餐、“生东熟西”,韩国秉承了中华儒家文化传统,我被眼前的情景深深地感动了,平时一个小时能到的地方,韩国春节的渊源与中国具有密切关系,韩国学生们一进门跟商量好了似的,自驾车奔向故乡。
礼品也是五花八门,一般不当面送,我应邀到一老师家过年,以缅怀祖宗之德,韩国人也极重孝道、光宗耀祖之感吧,很多人彻夜排队买票,韩国媒体也不忘提醒回乡过年的儿女,韩国春节的习俗。 韩国人过春节往往都互赠礼品,当时的情景依然历历在目,或者不愿意提及。
但春节对于韩国妇女来说,一家人凑在一起,沧海桑田。所以,据说正月里。
一、题目背景和意义(宋体小三加粗缩进2字符)
(内容宋体小四号)XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。
(应列示毕业设计的题目和选题的背景、意义和题目理论研究价值或应用价值。)
二、国内外研究现状
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(应充分搜集国内外研究的最新资料,全面反映国内外研究的最新成果。论述中应列示所选资料的出处、书刊的版本、期号等。)
三、主要内容与待解决的问题
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(应列示毕业设计的主要内容和预期解决的问题。)
四、设计方法与实施方案
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(对于毕业设计,应列出使用的设计方法和预期的实施方案。)
五、进度计划
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(应根据指导教师在任务书中写明的建议进度计划安排,制定个人具体的时间计划。)
六、参考资料
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(应列出开题阶段所用到的参考资料,并写明所选资料的出处、书刊的版本、期号等。)
开题报告填写说明
一、开题报告撰写格式按照学校规定模版填写,所有页面的页边距设置为上:3cm、下:、左:3cm、右:,装订线在左侧,开题报告正文的行距为20磅。
二、开题报告封面上的一些栏目内容如果为空,可以不填,但不能将空栏删去。
三、对于开题报告封面上“协助指导/联系教师”一栏,若填写协助指导教师姓名,将该栏改成“协助指导教师”;若填写联系教师姓名,将该栏改成“联系教师”,并且将宽度调整为与上一行“指导教师”对齐。
四、开题报告封面上的日期用阿拉伯数字填写,数字字体为Times New Roman,例如“2005年12月31日”,字号为小三号。
五、开题报告封面上填写学院名称时,学院名称前后各空一个汉字符。
六、开题报告内的页码格式为“-1-”、“-2-”等、字体为Times New Roman小五号居中。
七、本填写说明只供学生撰写开题报告时使用,不要装订在开题报告或毕业设计中。模版中红色字是对字体、格式和填写内容的说明,开题报告撰写完毕后,应将红色字删去。
怎么写开题报告呢?
首先要把在准备工作当中搜集的资料整理出来,包括课题名称、课题内容、课题的理论依据、参加人员、组织安排和分工、大概需要的时间、经费的估算等等。
第一是标题的拟定。课题在准备工作中已经确立了,所以开题报告的标题是不成问题的,把你研究的课题直接写上就行了。比如我曾指导过一组同学对伦教的文化诸如“伦教糕”、伦教木工机械、伦教文物等进行研究,拟定的标题就是“伦教文化研究”。
第二就是内容的撰写。开题报告的主要内容包括以下几个部分:
一、课题研究的背景。 所谓课题背景,主要指的是为什么要对这个课题进行研究,所以有的课题干脆把这一部分称为“问题的提出”,意思就是说为什么要提出这个问题,或者说提出这个课题。比如我曾指导的一个课题“伦教文化研究”,背景说明部分里就是说在改革开放的浪潮中,伦教作为珠江三角洲一角,在经济迅速发展的同时,她的文化发展怎么样,有哪些成就,对居民有什么影响,有哪些还要改进的。当然背景所叙述的内容还有很多,既可以是社会背景,也可以是自然背景。关键在于我们所确定的课题是什么。
二、课题研究的内容。课题研究的内容,顾名思义,就是我们的课题要研究的是什么。比如我校黄姝老师的指导的课题“佛山新八景”,课题研究的内容就是:“以佛山新八景为重点,考察佛山历史文化沉淀的昨天、今天、明天,结合佛山经济发展的趋势,拟定开发具有新佛山、新八景、新气象的文化旅游的可行性报告及开发方案。”
三、课题研究的目的和意义。
课题研究的目的,应该叙述自己在这次研究中想要达到的境地或想要得到的结果。比如我校叶少珍老师指导的“重走长征路”研究课题,在其研究目标一栏中就是这样叙述的:
1、通过再现长征历程,追忆红军战士的丰功伟绩,对长征概况、长征途中遇到了哪些艰难险阻、什么是长征精神,有更深刻的了解和感悟。
2、通过小组同学间的分工合作、交流、展示、解说,培养合作参与精神和自我展示能力。
3、通过本次活动,使同学的信息技术得到提高,进一步提高信息素养。
四、课题研究的方法。
在“课题研究的方法”这一部分,应该提出本课题组关于解决本课题问题的门路或者说程序等。一般来说,研究性学习的课题研究方法有:实地调查考察法(通过组织学生到所研究的处所实地调查,从而得出结论的方法)、问卷调查法(根据本课题的情况和自己要了解的内容设置一些问题,以问卷的形式向相关人员调查的方法)、人物采访法(直接向有关人员采访,以掌握第一手材料的方法)、文献法(通过查阅各类资料、图表等,分析、比较得出结论)等等。在课题研究中,应该根据自己课题的实际情况提出相关的课题研究方法,不一定面面俱到,只要实用就行。
五、课题研究的步骤。
课题研究的步骤,当然就是说本课题准备通过哪几步程序来达到研究的目的。所以在这一部分里应该着重思考的问题就是自己的课题大概准备分几步来完成。一般来说课题研究的基本步骤不外乎是以下几个方面:准备阶段、查阅资料阶段、实地考察阶段、问卷调查阶段、采访阶段、资料的分析整理阶段、对本课题的总结与反思阶段等。
六、课题参与人员及组织分工。
这属于对本课题研究的管理范畴,但也不可忽视。因为管理不到位,学生不能明确自己的职责,有时就会偷懒或者互相推诿,有时就会做重复劳动。因此课题参与人员的组织分工是不可少的。最好是把所有的参与研究的学生分成几个小组,每个小组通过民主选举的方式推选出小组长,由小组长负责本小组的任务分派和落实。然后根据本课题的情况,把相关的研究任务分割成几大部分,一个小组负责一个部分。最后由小组长组织人员汇总和整理。
七、课题的经费估算。
一个课题要开展,必然需要一些经费来启动,所以最后还应该大概地估算一下本课题所需要 的资金是多少,比如搜集资料需要多少钱,实地调查的外出经费,问卷调查的印刷和分发的费用,课题组所要占用的场地费,有些课题还需要购买一些相关的材料,结题报告等资料的印刷费等等。所谓“大军未动,粮草先行”,没有足够的资金作后盾,课题研究势必举步维艰,捉襟见肘,甚至于半途而废。因此,课题的经费也必须在开题之初就估算好,未雨绸缪,才能真正把本课题的研究做到最好。
转自毕业论文网:
不劳动的玩乐,就象没有放盐的面包。 Игра не работает, поскольку нет соли хлеб. 半块面包亦胜无. Кроме того, выигрывает половину камня свободные хлеба 有多大面包,抹多少酱! Существует немного хлеба, положить количество масла! 半块面包总比没有面包好 Половина лучше не хлеб, хорошие хлеба 面包会有的,牛奶会有的,一切都会有的 Там будут хлеб и молоко будут, все будет 我扑在书籍上,就像饥饿的人扑在面包上 Книги на моей голове, как и голодных людей на хлеб, на голове 共享面包和盐 ---- 指与某人的关系友好和睦。 Обмен хлебом-солью 忘记了面包和盐---- 表示忘恩负义 Забудьте хлеб и соль 海市蜃楼远不及眼前的一块面包可爱 Отнюдь не являясь мираж кусок хлеба и сладкого глаза 每一个孩子来到这个世界上时,都会有属于自己的面包。 Каждый ребенок в этом мире, не будет хлеба из своих собственных. 有半块面包总比没有好。 Существует половине хлеб лучше, чем нет. 鼠目寸光 Близорукая \узкий уркгозор 鼠雀之辈 Генерация мышей птиц 纵虎归山 Тигр Горные к продольной 为虎作伥 помогать злодею в его преступлениях 虎父无犬种 Отец, не-порода тигров 鼠窃狗盗 Пираты берглэри крыса собака 蛇入竹筒Змея в трубу 曲性难改Музыка Die Hard 蛇爬无声Тихая змея сканирование 奸计无影 Ремесла и следа
翻译专业开题报告
开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告,欢迎阅读。
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms
选题的原因、基本内容:
英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富,寓意深刻,具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中,恰当地加以运用,会大大增加语言的表达能力,收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华,是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单,语言精炼,富于形象比喻,充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想,开拓视野,了解英国的历史文化、风土人情,以及英国人民的人生哲理,同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。
本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处,详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。
相关资料收集情况:
陈亚光。小议英谚语和成语的创新。上海外国语学院学报,1983。
黄粉保。英汉成语翻译漫谈。云梦学刊,1999/2
顾雪梁。语成语英译探索。广州师范学院学报,1993/2。
张培基,喻云根,李宗杰,彭谟禹。《英汉翻译教程》。北京:中国外语教育出版社,xx/8
杨永和。英语谚语的修辞特点研究。重庆工学院学报,xx/3。
论文提纲:
thesis statemen:this essay discourse the features and translation of english
idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.
outline
ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.
ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs
a. the characteristics of english idioms
1. simple but rich
2. harmonious phonology
3. vivid metaphor
b. the characteristics of english proverb
1. concise and clear
2. symmetrical sentence pattern
3. rich and varied rhetoric
ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs
a. the theories of translation
1. literal translation
2. free translation
3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb
4. literal translation and free translation
b. the points of translation
1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited
2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style
3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic
4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic
ⅳ. conclusion
指导教师意见:
指导教师签名:
年 月 日
论文题目 On Translating English Metaphors into Chinese(英语隐喻汉译) 学生姓名 学号 指导教师 一、本选题的目的和意义: 本选题旨在研究隐喻在英语日常用语中存在的普遍性、可译性及其翻译的方法,重点从文化交际的角度对日常用语中隐喻的汉译进行深入的理论探讨。 本选题突破了历来将隐喻的汉译局限在诗学、修辞学、文学等范畴。由于“翻译是跨语言、跨文化的交际活动”(陈宏薇:1996),翻译对各民族之间文化的传播起着非常重要的作用。我们对日常用语中隐喻的汉译研究应与英语语言文化背景的研究结合起来。 二、本选题国内外研究的现状和发展趋向: 对隐喻的研究在国外已形成较为完整的体系,其中以Lakoff &Johnson(1987)的研究最具有代表性,而对于其汉译的研究却凤毛麟角。国内对于隐喻的研究主要受Lakoff & Johnson理论的影响,其中以胡壮麟、朱永生为主要代表。在隐喻翻译的研究方面,李国南(1990),胡文仲(1994)对于英汉成语或谚语中的习用性比喻的喻体进行过比较,并探讨了其翻译的途径。在近期出版的刊物中有对隐喻翻译研究方面的文章,其中以徐莉娜的《隐喻的翻译》为主要代表。但其研究的范围也只局限于文学、修辞用语的隐喻翻译。 三、主要研究的内容: 本文分五个部分。一、简要介绍隐喻与语言以及语言与文化之间的关系,提出日常用语中隐喻的汉译不可忽视文化背景,并简述本论文的主要内容。 二、重点论述隐喻在英语日常用语中存在的普遍性。三、分析隐喻的特点,从人类文化的共性论述其可译性。四、讨论隐喻的汉译标准、难点、过程、基本方法以及根据语境而确定译法的原则。五、详述隐喻汉译的方法和技巧,指出在翻译实践中,对每种方法的使用都不能走极端。结论部分,总结研究隐喻汉译所具有的实用价值。 1.引言 2.英语日常用语中隐喻存在的普遍性 隐喻的定义 关于隐喻研究的常用术语 英语日常用语中的隐喻 3.英语日常用语中隐喻的特点 日常用语中隐喻的分类 习用性隐喻 新生隐喻 英语隐喻与汉语隐喻 英语日常用语中隐喻的可译性 4.英语日常用语中的隐喻的汉译 翻译的标准 日常用语中隐喻汉译的难点 日常用语中隐喻汉译的过程 日常用语中隐喻汉译的基本方法及原则 5.日常用语中隐喻汉译的方法与技巧 直译法 意译法 转译法 直译和意译结合法 四、参考文献: [1]Aristotle. “Rhetoric” (W. R. Roberts, Trans.) In W. D. Ross (Ed.) The Works of Aristotle. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Original Work Written ca. 330 .), 1924. [2]Brodkey, Linda. Review: The Languages in Metaphor. College English, 1988, (1): 89-94 [3]Goatly, Andrew. The Language of Metaphors. London: Routledge, 1997. [4]Jin Di and Eugene, A. Nida. On Translation. Beijing: China Translation Publishing Company, 1984. [5]Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. Metaphors We Live by Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. [6]Nida, Eugene A. & William, Reyburn. Meaning Across Cultures. New York: Maryknoll of N. Y. Orbis Book, 1981. [7]Soskice, . Metaphor and Religious Language. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985. [8]Tylor, Edward Burnett. Primitive Culture. London: John Murray, 1871. [9]陈宏薇(不加汉语拼音,下同).新实用汉译英教程 [M],武汉:湖北教育出版社,1996. [10]陈文伯.英语成语和汉语成语 [M],北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1980. [11]陈望道.修辞学发凡 [M],上海:上海教育出版社,1983. [12]邓炎昌,刘润清.语言与文化 [M],北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1989. [13]范家材.英语修辞赏析 [M],上海:上海交通大学出版社,1992. [14]冯明之. 英文成语故事 [M],香港:万里出版社,1992. [15]冯庆华. 实用翻译教程 [M],上海:上海外语教育出版社,1997. [16]胡文仲. 文化与交际 [M],北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1994. [17]徐莉娜. 隐喻的翻译 [J],中国翻译,1999,(3):18-22. 五、预期的课题进度计划: 1.2007年4月25日 完成初稿,并上交指导教师审阅。 2.2007年5月9日提交论文第二稿。 3. 2007年5月16日提交论文第三稿。 3.2007年5月17日-6月9日继续修改论文直至定稿。 5.2007年6月13日提交毕业论文。 6.2007年6月14日-23日准备论文答辩。 7.2007年6月24日进行毕业论文答辩 (进度计划不能照抄,应根据实际情况从3月5日起至6月24日止编写计划。) 六、完成论文的条件、方法及措施: (一)条件 1.已经修完英语专业的所有课程,对英语国家概况和跨文化交际有较全面和深入的了解; 2.学校图书馆和学院资料室具备有关本论文研究所需的丰富的书籍、期刊等参考文献; 3.已经收集较丰富和全面的文献资料; 4.具有上网条件及丰富的网上资源。 (二)方法及措施 1.利用图书馆和互联网进行资料的检索网; 2.小组讨论交流。
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