论文里参考文献英文

英文论文写作参考文献

参考文献是文章或著作等写作过程中参考过的文献，文后参考文献是指为撰写或编辑论文和著作而引用的有关文献信息资源。

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[17]Bryson, J. M., Crosby, B. C, and Stone? M. M.,2006, “The Design and Implementation of Cross-Sector Collaborations: Propositions from the Literature”,Public Administration Review, 66(sl)。

[18]Carey, J. M.,Beilin, R., Boxshall,A.,Burgman M. A. and Flander , “Risk-Based Approaches to Deal with Uncertainty in a Data-Poor System:Stakeholder Involvement in Hazard Identification for Marine National Parks and Marine Sanctuaries in Victoria,Australia”, Risk Analysis: An International Journal,27(1)，pp. 271-281,

[19]Carroll> A. B., 1979, “A TTiree-Dimensional conceptual Model of Corporate Performance”. Academy of Management Review, 4(4)， pp. 497-505.

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[1] Zhixin W, Chuanwen J, Qian A, et al. The key technology of offshore wind farm and its new development in China[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2009, 13(1)：216-222.

[2] Shahir H, Pak A. Estimating liquefaction-induced settlement of shallow foundations by numerical approach[J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2010, 37(3)： 267-279.

[3] Hausler EA. Influence of ground improvement on settlement and liquefaction:a study based on field case history evidence and dynamic geotechnicalcentrifuge tests. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley; 2002.

[4] Kemal Hac efendio lu. Stochastic seismic response analysis of offshore wind turbine including fluid‐structure‐soil interaction[J]. Struct. Design Tall Spec. Build.,2010,

[5] Arablouei A, Gharabaghi A R M, Ghalandarzadeh A, et al. Effects of seawater–structure–soil interaction on seismic performance of caisson-type quay wall[J]. Computers &Structures, 2011, 89(23)： 2439-2459.

[6] Zafeirakos A, Gerolymos N. On the seismic response of under-designed caisson foundations[J]. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2013: 1-36.

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[1] T. Paulay and J. R. Binney. Diagonally Reinforced coupling beams of shear Walls[S].ACI Special Publication 42, Detroit, 1974, 2: 579-598

[2] Lam WY, Su R K L, Pam H J. Experimental study of plate-reinforced composite deep coupling beams[J]. Structural Design Tall Special Building, 2009(18)： 235-257

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这里将参考文献格式分为两种，一种是文内注（In-text Citation），另一种是文章结尾的参考文献目录，一般称为Reference List，也有不同叫法的，下面会说到。

一般来说，许多参考文献格式都是基于两种格式：APA格式和MLA格式，另外还有CMS格式和哈佛文献格式(Harvard System）等，都是比较常见的参考文献格式。下面就分别对这四种格式做一个简要的说明。

 格式

APA是美国心理协会的缩写，全称是The American Psychological Association，APA格式指的是该协会出版的《美国心理协会刊物准则》，目前已出版至第7版。主要用于社会科学和自然科学类（Social and Natural Sciences）的文章。国内很多期刊也是采用的APA格式。

APA格式的细节十分复杂，这里就不赘述了，如果想深入了解，普渡大学官网有一个版块：里面对前面提到的前三种格式都有详细的介绍。APA文内注的基本格式是“（作者姓氏，发表年份）”。文末的参考文献目录是Reference List，必须以姓(Family name)的字母顺序来排列，基本结构为：

期刊类：

【作者】【发表年份】【文章名】【期刊名】【卷号/期数：起止页码】

Smith, J. (2006). The title of the article. The title of Journal, 1, 101-105.

非期刊类：

【作者】【发表年份】【书籍名】【出版地：出版社】

.(2002).What computers can’t do. New York: Harp& Row.

格式

MLA 是美国现代语言协会（Modern Language Association）制定的论文指导格式，多用于人文学科（Liberal Arts）。MLA文内注的基本格式是“（作者姓氏，文献页码）”。文末的参考文献目录在MLA格式中称为Works Cited，同样是以姓(Family name)的字母顺序来排列，基本结构为：

期刊类：

【作者】【“文章名”】【期刊名】【卷号或期数】【发表年份】起止页码】

Nwezeh, . “The Comparative Approach to Modern African Literature.” Year book of General and Comparative Literature 28 (1979): 22.

非期刊类：

【作者】【书籍名】【出版地：出版社】【发表年份】

Winfield, Richard Dien. Law in Civil Society. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1995.

格式

CMS格式，又叫芝加哥论文格式，全称The Chicago Manual of Style，源于芝加哥大学出版社在1906年出版的Manual Style，目前已出至第十七版，主要用于人文学科（humanities），它使用脚注、尾注和参考文献目录来注明文献来源。

芝加哥格式的文内注和APA格式一样，采取作者姓氏加上年份，如果需要，还可以加上页码，比如：(Goman 1989, 59)。脚注和尾注（Footnote or endnote）的结构为：

期刊类：

【作者】【“文章名”】【期刊名】【卷号或期数】【发表年份】【起止页码】

Susan Peck MacDonald, “The Erasure of Language,” College Composition and Communication 58,no. 4 (2007): 619.

非期刊类：

【作者】【书籍名】【出版地：出版社】【出版年份】

First name Lastname, Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication), page number.

文末参考文献称为bibliography或者References，其结构为：

期刊类：

【作者】【“文章名”】【期刊名】【卷号或期数】【发表年份】【起止页码】

MacDonald, SusanPeck. “The Erasure of Language.” College Composition and Communication 58, no. 4 (2007): 585-625.

非期刊类：

【作者】【书籍名】【出版地：出版社】【出版年份】

Last name, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.

4.哈佛文献格式

顾名思义，是哈佛大学的论文参考文献标准，全名为：哈佛注释体系(Harvard System），起源于美国，但是在英国和澳洲等国家运用得比较多，尤其在物理和自然科学领域。

哈佛格式的文内注也和APA格式一样，采取作者姓氏加上年份的方式。文末的参考文献目录的基本结构为：

期刊类：

【作者】【发表年份】【文章名】【期刊名】【卷号或期数】【起止页码】

Ross, N. (2015). On Truth Content and False Consciousness in Adorno’s Aesthetic Theory. Philosophy Today, 59(2), pp. 269-290.

非期刊类：

【作者】【出版年份】【书籍名】【出版地：出版社】

以上就是四种参考文献格式的一个最简要介绍，每一种格式的规定中还有非常多的细节，比如相同姓氏的作者、多个作者、电子出版物、会议论文等等情况，另外还有排版、字号、缩进、空格等等，具体在写作中采用哪一种再去查找相关细则。

英语论文参考文献格式：

一、参考文献的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下：

1、M——专著C——论文集N——报纸文章

2、J——期刊文章D——学位论文R——报告

二、对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。

三、对于英文参考文献,还应注意以下两点：

1、作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则，具体格式是：姓，名字的首字母。MalcolmRichardCowley为：Cowley，。如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面，姓放在后面。如:FrankNorris与IrvingGordon应为Norris，F.&。

2、书名、报刊名使用斜体字，如：MasteringEnglishLiterature, EnglishWeekly。

扩展资料：

1、专著M；报纸N；期刊J；专利文献P；汇编G；古籍O；技术标准S。

2、学位论文D；科技报告R；参考工具K；检索工具W；档案B；录音带A。