服装商标翻译论文开题报告

据学术堂了解,开题报告的目的是确定研究什么,用什么方法研究,相当于论文的研究计划,不是给别人看,而是为自己的论文制定研究方案和研究纲领.注意,开题报告不是写论文提纲.因此,开题的核心问题是研究方法是否具体可行,分析什么,如何收集数据,用什么方法.一、写开题报告之前的准备1.明白开题报告的含义与作用:开题报告是在学位论文研究课题确定之后对课题进行的论证和设计,阐述这个课题有什么价值、应该怎样进行研究,提出研究方案,以保证整个研究工作有条不紊地进行.也就是说,确定了的开题报告是研究工作的行动指南,尽管可以随时修正,但不能随意推翻.2.开展充分的调查研究工作:开题报告不是凭空写出来的,动笔写之前要做到大量的工作,包括广泛地阅读文献,熟悉导师或师兄师姐做过的工作,落实实验室工作条件,摸清楚研究对象基本情况.3.认清开题活动的作用:开题活动是集思广益的学术交流,其作用是从同行那里获取更多有益的帮助.通过开题活动,让更多同行--导师以外的其他老师,课题组以外的其他同学--在短时间里听懂、看懂自己要做什么,并给予具体的建议.自己的开题报告写得不清晰,同行不知从何帮助,开题活动也就沦为走过场.二、 开题报告的编写提纲1.科学问题:开题报告总有一个准确、规范、简洁的题目.紧接着这个题目,就必须说明,本课题要做什么研究,即开题报告要开门见山地说明本研究的科学问题.这里,要让读者在很短的时间里读懂,本课题要做什么.可以枚举一些事件、现象作为开场白来引出本研究的科学问题,但这些事件、现象要简洁,要贴切,要直指本科学问题.很多老师和学生喜欢把科学问题放在立题依据下面或者后面写,曰"摆事实,讲道理",总结出科学问题.可是,对于初学的学生,会把读书心得都写出来,很难聚焦到自己的科学问题上.使读者,参与开题活动的老师和同学,摸不着头脑.因而,倡导开门见山地写科学问题.2.立题依据:包括学术上的理论依据和社会实践中的现实需求.就题目、科学问题涉及的相应方面,阐述、分析国内外的相关研究现状、取得的成就、存在的不足(问题).为了表达言而有据,要尽可能多地引用国内外同行近3-5年的研究成果,包括声誉高的和一般的学术刊物上的成果.引用他人的数据、图件、观点,要在相应的地方作标注,且只标注自己读过的文献.科学研究没有国界,写立题依据时,不要分国内进展、国外进展.通过这一科学阐述、分析,认定本研究的问题,是个科学问题,值得开展研究.如果读者从这些阐述、分析中无法得出这个认识,说明立题没有科学依据,或者立题依据没有写好.对于有地域空间限制的研究对象,应该对研究对象进行详细但简洁的介绍.3.研究目标和目的意义:说清楚通过本课题研究,解决所提出的科学问题的全部,或者部分.要求简洁、明确.几句话就可以,避免啰嗦.目的意义包括学术上的理论意义(价值),社会实践中的应用意义(价值),可以做适当的广义延伸,但不能夸夸其谈.4.研究的内容:包括两个侧面.一是要写清楚开展哪几方面的研究(通常3-5个方面),在每个方面下面还可以写出更细致的次一级内容;二是拟解决关键问题,关键问题是前述几个方面中的某个或者贯穿其中的什么,解决了关键问题,整个课题研究就迎刃而解.常见学生把内容和方法放在一起写,有记流水账的感觉.看见了很多操作细节,但不清楚要从哪些方面开展研究,各个方面之间的联系是什么.所以,建议把内容和方法分开写.5.研究方案:针对研究内容,说明怎样做,包括两个层次.第一是研究思路,整个研究分哪些步骤,每一步骤具体作什么,各个步骤组合起来,使整个研究圆满完成.为了方便阅读,使用步骤框架图,做到一目了然.第二是具体的研究方法,包括选择研究的材料(对象)、使用什么取样(试验)方法获取什么数据、使用什么分析方法(指数、公式、模型)处理什么数据得到什么结果.通用的方法,一笔带过,具体的要求则越细越好.假设自己有事不能操作,与自己有相近背景(知识和技能)的其他人可以依照该方案去操作.6.创新性:研究生学位论文研究,都要有创新,指本研究在内容、方法上的创新.以肯定语气,几句话概括,不超过3条.创新是个相对的概念,有世界性创新、国内创新、地区性创新,后者的创新价值已经很勉强了.研究生的研究,有时是补充一些必要的科学数据,距离学术创新较远,但不等于没有价值,要说明补充这种科学数据的价值.可以用新意来表达,不要总是用创新这个词.7.可行性分析:如果研究问题是科学的,研究内容是翔实的,那么,研究方案是否可行,就要论证.可行性分析包括方案的可行性,人力、财力、物力(试验条件)、时间等,是否可行,特别要说明自己能否胜任.8.预期成果:针对研究目标,写出预期成果.包括两方面:得出什么数据、结论;怎样表达方式这些数据、结论,以及展示(呈现)形式及数量.9.研究进展计划:针对研究内容和研究方案,用时间顺序依次阐述,什么时候做什么,得到什么.10.参考文献:按规范格式[作者.论文题目(专着名称).发表刊物,年度,卷(期):页码(出版地:出版社,年度,页码)],列出前文标注引用的参考文献.不列没有标注引用的文献,标注引用的文献则一定要列出.三、 编写开题报告1.遵循既定的格式要求撰写.不再赘述.2.使用规范的学术语言:尽量使用学术术语,行文逻辑要清晰,使用字体要统一.3.使用必要的图、表:用图(照片)、表来直观、翔实地表达观点,图(照片)、表要有连续的编号.如果是引用他人的图(照片)、表,一定要在引用的地方标注来源.4.提交两个文本:详细论述的打印(Word)文本和用于演讲的PPT文本.PPT文本是在打印文本基础上精简的,要求图多、字少,色彩鲜艳,布局朴实.四、开题报告的考核指标包括以下几点问题界定清晰.选题应该源于实践,问题要具体,解决问题高视角,方案上升到理论,有普遍借鉴意义.研究目标明确有限.剖析实际问题,将实际问题提升到理论水平解决.研究内容具体、明确.不要大题小作,要小题大做.不同内容点之间的系统性、有限性、适中性.研究方法与技术方案具体可行.论文要用数据说话,在此必须指出数据的收集方法.

开题报告的意义，目的，背景

我们学校也是，纯粹是为了整学生，你可以到中宏数据库 ，万方数据库去看看，那些都比较专业

课题名称、选题背景、理由、国内外成果综述、研究内容、目标、方法、步骤、预期成果等。请参考我设计的一个开题报告： 1、课题名称: 关于人工智能的可行性研究 2、课题的来由: 随着时代的发展，社会分工日趋复杂，并且有的工种具有一定的危险性，另一方面，随着经济水平的提高，人们产生了越来越高的生活需求，越来越多人的迫切需要从消费水平进入享受水平，人们生产的目的是为了追求更好的生活。二者之间的矛盾导致现有人力无法满足社会生产发展的需要，急切需要一种更为发达、效率更高的生产工具代替人力进行生产流程，只有这样才能最大显得的提高人们的生活质量，现代人工作的压力、紧张和心理疾病才有可能得到根本的缓解，也才有利于我们和谐社会的构建。随着计算机技术的不断发展，我们从中看到了希望。就是依托计算机技术来开发人工智能，进入生产、生活领域。 3、研究的目的及意义: 本课题研究通过探讨人工智能的原理明确开发人工智能的可行性。开发人工智能将极大地提高社会生产力，将有助于改善我们的生活质量，将有助于社会、文化、教育等改革。 4、活动计划与活动步骤：（含分工） （1）组长负责进行资料收集、查询、整理，完成人工智能相关文献综述； （2）两组员负责通过资料查询了解人工智能原理等相关理论知识； （3）两组员通过访谈计算机专家了解人工智能的可行性； （4）全体组员通过访谈、观察了解工厂工人工作压力情况和人们生活状况，了解人们的需要； （5）全体组员对查询和收集的资料进行整理分析，完成研究。 5、可行性分析: （1）我们课题组对计算机技术非常感兴趣，具有较好的基础，尤其是人工智能感兴趣； （2）我们联系到了计算机专业的教师和科研院所的计算机专家作为指导教师； （3）人工智能理论研究成果比较多，对我们课题的研究提供了丰富的基础性支撑； （4）我们收集到了比较多的相关资料和书籍等。 6、小组分工:（参见4） 7、研究方法：文献研究法、访谈法、观察法等。 8、预期成果：论文、研究报告、访谈调查报告 9、表达形式：幻灯展示、实验模型、口头汇报 技术路线一般是指研究的准备，启动，进行，再重复，取得成果的过程，不是指毕业论文的写作过程，更不是指答辩的准备和进行过程，许多同学会出现这些偏误。

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容：

英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富，寓意深刻，具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中，恰当地加以运用，会大大增加语言的表达能力，收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华，是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单，语言精炼，富于形象比喻，充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想，开拓视野，了解英国的历史文化、风土人情，以及英国人民的人生哲理，同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。

本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处，详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。

相关资料收集情况：

陈亚光。小议英谚语和成语的创新。上海外国语学院学报，1983。

黄粉保。英汉成语翻译漫谈。云梦学刊，1999/2

顾雪梁。语成语英译探索。广州师范学院学报，1993/2。

张培基，喻云根，李宗杰，彭谟禹。《英汉翻译教程》。北京：中国外语教育出版社，xx/8

杨永和。英语谚语的修辞特点研究。重庆工学院学报,xx/3。

论文提纲：

thesis statemen：this essay discourse the features and translation of english

idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.

outline

ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.

ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs

a. the characteristics of english idioms

1. simple but rich

2. harmonious phonology

3. vivid metaphor

b. the characteristics of english proverb

1. concise and clear

2. symmetrical sentence pattern

3. rich and varied rhetoric

ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs

a. the theories of translation

1. literal translation

2. free translation

3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb

4. literal translation and free translation

b. the points of translation

1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited

2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style

3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic

4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic

ⅳ. conclusion

指导教师意见：

指导教师签名：

年 月 日