英文文献和中文对照论文

in the Cost of Health Care: Providing the Solutions, Warren S. Grundfest; information systems create a standardized clinical patient record in which there are discrete and concise observations of patient problems and their resolution. Clinical notes usually are narratives which don't support an aggregate and systematic outcome analysis. Many programs collect information on diagnosis and coded procedures

您好，很高兴回答你的问题。你的范围有点逛，我帮你调查了下周围的朋友，找了一篇文献。如果你用的着就拿去吧。一共找了2篇名字是：《Use of IDEF modeling to develop an information management system for drug and alcohol outpatient treatment clinics》 《FDA Automated Drug Information Management System》还有这些文献都需要写reference~(参考)的意思，不然他们会不高兴的。呵呵..希望对你有帮助！Use of IDEF modeling to develop an information management system for drug and alcohol outpatient treatment clinicsHoffman, KennethProc. SPIE Vol. 2499, p. 96-105, Health Care Technology Policy II: The Role of Technology in the Cost of Health Care: Providing the Solutions, Warren S. Grundfest; information systems create a standardized clinical patient record in which there are discrete and concise observations of patient problems and their resolution. Clinical notes usually are narratives which don't support an aggregate and systematic outcome analysis. Many programs collect information on diagnosis and coded procedures but are not focused on patient problems. Integrated definition (IDEF) methodology has been accepted by the Department of Defense as part of the Corporate Information Management Initiative and serves as the foundation that establishes a need for automation. We used IDEF modeling to describe present and idealized patient care activities. A logical IDEF data model was created to support those activities. The modeling process allows for accurate cost estimates based upon performed activities, efficient collection of relevant information, and outputs which allow real- time assessments of process and outcomes. This model forms the foundation for a prototype automated clinical information system (ACIS). 《使用法语国家法律协会建模开发一个信息管理系统的药物和酒精的门诊治疗诊所》霍夫曼，肯尼思过程。 SPIE成交量。 2499年，第96-105 ，卫生保健技术政策二：技术作用的医疗保健费用：提供的解决方案，沃伦南Grundfest ;版。 几个信息系统建立一个标准化的临床病历，其中有离散和简洁的意见病人的问题及其解决办法。临床注意到通常说明不支持系统的信息汇总和分析结果。许多程序收集信息的诊断和编码的程序，但没有集中在病人的问题。综合定义（法语国家法律协会）的方法已接受了美国国防部的一部分，企业信息管理倡议并作为基础，建立了必要的自动化。我们使用了法语国家法律协会模型来描述当前和理想化病人护理活动。一个合乎逻辑的法语国家法律协会的数据模型的成立是为了支持这些活动。在建模过程中可以准确的成本估算为基础进行的活动，有效地收集有关资料，和产出，使实时评估的过程和成果。该模型的基础形式的原型自动临床信息系统（ ACIS ） 。第二篇：FDA Automated Drug Information Management SystemThe Automated Drug Information Management System (ADIMS) is being developed as an integrated, fully electronic information management system for the receipt, validation, evaluation, and dissemination of drug safety and effectiveness data. As the core enterprise architecture for FDA's pre-market drug review process, all systems involved in that process will either be replaced or integrated into ADIMS. The system will be seamless, with single sign-on access to information and tools used in daily decision-making. The Document Archiving, Reporting, and Regulatory Tracking System (DARRTS) will be the backbone of the system. Over fifty current large and small systems will be integrated as ADIMS, including the Corporate Oracle Management Information System (COMIS), the Electronic Document Room (EDR), the Division File System (DFS), and systems within the FACTS@FDA program. As the volume of technologically advanced electronic information coming into FDA increases, the need for a robust information management system increases. In addition to facilitating drug review and approval, an integrated data management system to collect and evaluate electronic clinical data facilitates the identification of trends and other critical information (., potential product safety issues). Also, the validation and back-up capabilities of ADIMS will facilitate data verification and correction with increased efficiency. Currently all systems across FDA are being reviewed for potential migration to the MedWatch Plus, FASTAR, EDSR, Product Quality Program investment in FY10. Consolidating current stovepipe and stand-alone drug information systems into a cohesive, easily supportable platform will allow reviewers to be able to access information from one place and will improve accessibility and reduce redundancy. Reducing redundant manual data entry and consolidating access to data will improve data quality and improve performance objectives as well as save time and resources required to keep multiple systems updated. Thus, ADIMS directly supports the goal of e-Government by creating efficient electronic access to the most up-to-date and complete information within the Agency and the HHS strategic goal of Improve health care quality, safety, cost and value by allowing real-time transfer of information. This, plus the system's capabilities of accepting electronic submission, will improve the FDA's responsiveness to consumers, industry, and healthcare providers.《美国FDA药物自动化信息管理系统》自动药品信息管理系统（ ADIMS ）正在开发的一个综合的，全面的电子信息管理系统，负责接收，验证，评价和传播的药物安全性和有效性的数据。为核心的企业架构，美国FDA的上市前药品审查过程中，所有系统参与这一进程将被取代或整合到ADIMS 。该系统将无缝的，与单一登录获取信息和使用的工具在日常决策。该文件存档，报告和管理跟踪系统（ DARRTS ）将是该系统的骨干。 50多个大，小电流系统将被整合为ADIMS ，包括甲骨文公司管理信息系统（ COMIS ） ，电子文档室（增强数据率） ，该司文件系统（ DFS ） ，和系统内的输电@ FDA的计划。随着数量的技术先进的电子信息进入美国FDA的增加，需要有一个强有力的信息管理系统增加。除了促进药物审查和批准，以综合数据管理系统，以收集和评估电子临床数据有助于查明趋势和其他重要信息（即潜在的产品安全问题） 。此外，审定和后备能力ADIMS将有利于数据的验证和校正与提高效率。目前，所有系统在美国FDA目前正在审查潜在的移民到MedWatch另外， FASTAR ， EDSR ，产品质量计划投资FY10 。巩固现有的烟囱和独立的药物信息系统纳入一个统一的，容易支持的平台将允许审评能够访问信息从一个地方，并会改善无障碍环境和减少冗余。减少多余的人工数据输入和巩固获得的数据将提高数据质量和提高绩效目标以及节省时间和资源必须保持多个系统更新。因此， ADIMS直接支持的目标，电子政务，建立高效的电子进入最最新的和完整的信息的机构和卫生与公众服务部的战略目标改善保健服务质量，安全，成本和价值，允许实时时间传递信息。这一点，再加上系统的能力，接受以电子方式提交，将改善美国的反应对消费者，工业和医疗保健机构。

按中文文献处理。一篇文章的引用参考部分包括注释和参考文献两部分，注释是作者自己的解释（转引的参考文献也可以放在注释里），参考文献仅需列出参考书或论文的名称、作者、出版社或发表的期刊、著作时间或期刊期数等。注释用圆圈1 2标注，放脚注，参考文献用[1][2]标注，放尾注。有的刊物要求注释和参考文献都要在内文标注，有的刊物对参考文献不要求内文标注，在尾注列出就行。按最新的CNKI规范的要求应是前者。为保险起见，你还是都标吧。注：参考文献如是著作要标页码，论文只要标出期刊是第几期。例：参考文献：[1]金福海.论建立我国的惩罚性赔偿制度[J].中国法学,1994,(3).[2]杨立新.“王海现象”的民法思考——论消费者权益保护中的惩罚性赔偿金[J].河北法学, 1997,(5).[3]金福海.消费者法论[M].北京:北京大学出版社，2005:251.[4]闫玮.完善我国<消费者权益保护法>中的惩罚性赔偿制度[J].太原师范学院学报,2007,(1).[5]梁慧星.<消费者权益保护法>第49条的解释适用[J].民商法论丛,2001,(3).[6]王堃.论我国<消费者权益保护法>中的惩罚性赔偿[J].现代商业,194.[7]梁慧星.关于<消费者权益保护法>第49条的解释适用[N].人民法院报,2001-3-29.[8]孔祥俊.公平交易执法前沿问题研究[M].北京:工商出版社,1998:.仅有中介文献信息的“转引自”类文献例: (8)转引自杨兴培：《危险犯质疑》，载《中国法学》2000年第3期。如“转引自”类文献中有原文献,应将其原文献列入文后参考文献。 外文文献各类外文文献的文后参考文献格式与中文示例相同；为了计算机检索方便，建议题名的首字母及各个实词的首字母大写，期刊的刊名等可用全称或按ISO 4规定的缩写格式。为了减少外文刊名引用不规范所造成的引文统计及链接误差，建议以（SXXXX-XXXX）格式在刊名后加ISSN号。例：[24]JONES R of Composite Materials[M].New York:McGraw Hill Book Company,1975.[25]Marcel des Relations Internationales[M]. 4th ed. Paris: Dalloz,1988.[26]CHERNIK B E. Introduction to Library Services for Library Technicians[M]. Littleton,Colo.:Libraries Unlimited,Inc,1982.[27]International Federation of Library Association and Institutions．Names of Persons:National Usages for Entry in Catalogues[M]. 3rd International Office for UBC,1977�[28]Klaus Drite Reich[M].Müchen:Bund-Verlag GmbH,1979.[29]Григорян С В.Рудничная Геохимия[M].Москва: Недра,1992.

最好找那种中英文对照的文献啊，我们大四弄毕业论文的时候就这样，实在没有就中文的，然后用金山快译翻译，稍微调整一下顺序，注意不要有语法错误就可以了。