论文中国铁矿石进口研究

China is the biggest buyers of international iron ore, since 2000, along with the rapid economic development, China's voracious demand for iron ore, unable to meet demand and domestic production of iron ore import steel enterprises need, so China's imported iron ore, the number of successive incremental demand for imports the proportion of gradually improving also. Judging from the demand, iron ore is the main raw material, production of pig iron pig-iron in recent years in China has been sharply increased. With China's iron ore imports rise gradually, the average price of iron ore import also continues to rise. With the international iron ore import prices continue to rise, the domestic market quotation also is rising ore. In this paper, first, the situation in iron ore trade was studied, and analyzed the collapse of iron ore annual pricing mechanism of our country the influence of iron ore trade of our country, and then analyzes the relevant industry (mainly for steel) of the problems and shock. Combining analysis results, this paper argues that should pay close attention to the study of iron ore, the futures products financial industry as soon as possible, should intervene iron ore swaps market, promote the JinRongHua, iron ore prices for government should quicken the green new energy alternatives, increase science and technology support, and seeking international cooperation. 用心翻译

中国有那么多废旧钢铁，为什么还要高价进口铁矿石？终于知道了！

改革开放全今，我国的城市化建设，各类基础设施的建造推动了钢铁业的全面发展铁矿石作为重要的钢材生产原料不可避免的成为了整个钢铁行业乃至全中国关注的焦点。钢铁业属于基础产业，对国民经济影响重大。我国的自有铁矿资源丰而不富，只能部分满足生产需要，因此我国的钢铁企业每年仍需从国外进口铁矿石，对外依存度较高。近几年，铁矿石进口价格始终保持上涨趋势，高昂的生产成本已经日益成为制约钢铁行业发展的瓶颈。而铁矿石国际贸易形势也在不断的变化，因此，研究铁矿石国际贸易变化的新趋势以及我国钢铁生产企业应采取何种策略应对变化是具有重要意义的。本文将采用描述、对比等方法对于铁矿石国际贸易金融化趋势对于我国钢铁产业的影响以及我国钢厂应如何应对变化等问题进行深层次的探讨。文章首先将介绍国际铁矿石贸易的背景及本文的研究方向：其次回顾铁矿石贸易发展历程，客观描述国际铁矿石贸易格局的过去及现在的状况以及中国在其中起到的作用，并全面分析中国在贸易中处于劣势的原因，即生产购买力量分散和铁矿石进口渠道管制两方面；第三部分主要介绍了金融化趋势的两种主要表现形式：指数定价及掉期合约交易，并说明金融化趋势对于现实的铁矿石贸易已经产生的影响以及中国对该趋势呈现的不同态度;接下来第四部分着重分析了金融化趋势的特点将加深购买力分散和进口管制两个问题带来的影响，并且指出金融化趋势还将给我国钢铁行业带来包括自有指数领域的空白、金融人才的缺失以及对于贸易上游环节缺乏参与等新的问题；论文的第五部分将逐一针对第四部分提出的各个问题给出作者自己的分析和意见。文章最后得出结论，对于铁矿石贸易模式变化的金融化趋势，我国钢铁行业应该继续严格执行淘汰过剩产能、提高行业集中度的策略：对于小钢厂放弃使用“管制”的行政手段，而是采取“抓大放小”的原则，让市场自行完成优胜劣汰资源配置的过程。其次，我国钢企要找到并利用自身优势，开发我国自有的铁矿石指数，培养自己的金融人才。最后，对外学习日本的经验，积极参与国际矿山的开发，探寻最佳方式控制海运成本，加强对于铁矿石贸易上游环节的参与。只有这样我国的钢企才能在稳步的发展中，逐渐摆脱进口大国缺乏话语权的尴尬局面，实现健康持久的发展。关键词：铁矿石贸易、指数定价、掉期交易、行业集中度

China is the biggest buyers of international iron ore, since 2000, along with the rapid economic development, China's voracious demand for iron ore, unable to meet demand and domestic production of iron ore import steel enterprises need, so China's imported iron ore, the number of successive incremental demand for imports the proportion of gradually improving also. Judging from the demand, iron ore is the main raw material, production of pig iron pig-iron in recent years in China has been sharply increased. With China's iron ore imports rise gradually, the average price of iron ore import also continues to rise. With the international iron ore import prices continue to rise, the domestic market quotation also is rising this paper, first, the situation in iron ore trade was studied, and analyzed the collapse of iron ore annual pricing mechanism of our country the influence of iron ore trade of our country, and then analyzes the relevant industry (mainly for steel) of the problems and analysis results, this paper argues that should pay close attention to the study of iron ore, the futures products financial industry as soon as possible, should intervene iron ore swaps market, promote the JinRongHua, iron ore prices for government should quicken the green new energy alternatives, increase science and technology support, and seeking international cooperation.

这问题你的找一下有关这方面的新闻，杂志以及其前一段时间的报道

1中国去年钢产量亿顿，进口铁矿石亿吨，自产铁矿石亿吨。2我国的铁矿石的供应主要来自两个国家四大供应商,分别为巴西的淡水河谷集团;澳大利亚的必和必拓集团,力拓集团与FMG集团． 铁矿石对比：其中巴西的铁矿石（主要为扬迪矿粉）含铁量较高，价格也很高；澳大利亚的皮尔巴拉矿粉含铁量较巴西的扬迪矿粉低，但价格相对便宜． 综合对比：从巴西的桑托斯港到中国上海航程为11840海里，运费为每吨83美元；澳大利亚的墨尔本港到中国上海航程为4460海里，运费为每吨36美元．由于巴西的铁矿石价格较高而且运费很贵（巴西的铁矿石价格出矿价比澳大利亚的铁矿石运到中国的价格还贵），所以我国的钢铁厂商主要从澳大利亚的必和必拓集团,力拓集团与FMG集团手中购买铁矿石． 我国每年购买的铁矿石占世界当年铁矿石总产量的39％左右，所以铁矿石的价格对我国来说事关重大．为此，我国加入了一年一度的铁矿石价格谈判当中（钢铁生产厂商如中国宝钢，日本新日铁，德国蒂森克虏伯与铁矿石供应商力拓集团,巴西的淡水河谷集团与必和必拓集团进行每年一次的一对一谈判，以保证自己国家的利益）所以各个国家铁矿石的区别与谈判影响不大．好一点的在巴西和智利，其余国家的铁矿石质量都差不多（价格才是最重要的）． 3。 现在日本新日本制铁联合韩国浦项钢铁与必和必拓谈判，减价35%，德国蒂森克虏伯钢铁代表欧洲和巴西淡水河谷谈判，减价36%，中国不同意，与力拓谈判，要求减价40%以上，理由是中国是世界上最大的铁矿石进口国{理由合理}。但力拓不接受，所以还在谈判。但2010年的谈判即将开始．4。弊：很明显，钢铁的原料是铁矿石，铁矿石涨价钢企的的生产成本上升不利于市场竞争利：更简单，中国是以宝钢集团为首的垄断钢铁集团，铁矿石涨价就给了他们名正言顺的提高钢铁出厂价，下月宝钢将宣布钢铁出厂价格起码上涨10% 希望对搂主有用。