体育赞助为主题的论文4000字

小学体育教学改革之我见摘 要 学校教育改革给体育教学提出了新的目标要求，而现行体育教学很少考虑学生的年龄性别特点，体育课练习密度普遍偏低，不利于全面提高学生身心素质，也很难调动全体学生的学习热情，体育教学改革势在必行。本文根据个人多年体育教学实践体会，就初中体育教学目标、内容和方法提出了改革性建议。关键词 初中体育教学 目标 内容 方法 改革建议1 体育教学的目标学校体育主要由体育教学和课外体育活动组成。体育教学的任务与目标是进行健身知识技能的传授以及运动教学，课外活动目标是巩固课堂教学内容同时组织丰富多彩的活动来练身和活跃学生生活、协调人际关系。所以学校体育的目标宏观来讲应是促进学生体格体能的完善和发展，培养体育的情趣、坚强的意志和良好的社会情感，形成良好的人际关系。对每一个学生而言，是通过体育达到以下四个目标：①身体的发展。有很好的适应能力，包括适应不同环境不同气候不同岗位的身体和心理能力，对疾病的抵抗能力和康复能力，对疲劳的抵抗力；②获得良好的运动技能，提高工作劳动的效率，进而提高生活质量；③掌握科学的健身养生知识，提高智力素质；④培养正确的社会情感，形成民主、公平、竞争的意识，能不断自我发现、自我完善和自我实现。概括地说就是：全面锻炼身体增强体质，掌握体育卫生的基本知识基本技术和基本技能，进行思想品德教育形成良好个性。2 现行教学内容及方法的弊端中学体育包括理论与实践两大部分。理论课十分抽象、深奥，并且系统性不强，比如针对初一学生讲人体的ATP、CP、葡萄糖、脂肪氧化供能，似乎为时太早，太深奥。实践课包括队列队形、基本体操、跑、跳、投、技巧、支撑跳跃、单杠、双杠、民族传统体育、篮球及韵律体操和舞蹈等。体育课是身体活动课，而身体活动是以身体素质与思想素质作基础的。学生基础不同，要掌握相同的教学内容，这也成了体育教师的一大难点。另外限于条件，体育实践课受场地影响大，背越式跳高少不了海绵包，篮球教学要有很多的球与球场，遇大风、下雪、落雨、强日光，体育课变更的随意性则更大。教学内容完不成，学生身体得不到锻炼，结果体育课成了学校的“搭头课”。《中国教育改革和发展纲要》明确指出：中小学要由“应试教育”转向全面发展提高国民素质的轨道。党的十四届五中全会进一步指出“实施科教兴国战略是历史发展的必然选择”。劳动者的素质直接影响到科学技术应用的程度，而基础教育是提高劳动者素质的重要阶段。体育课必须改革，与之相适应。过去有的教师上课“放羊式”，因为目标太高无法实现，教师心中茫然学生亦然，场地器材条件差，加之天气等原因，体育课一盘散沙。过去考什么练什么，对于教材规定的十二项必修教材则抛在一边，吏无选修课与素质练习课，仅仅是为应付教学竞赛和教学检查才上几次考试项目之外的内容，学生学得少、练得也不多。因此体育教学改革势在必行。3 中学生生理心理特点初中学生正处生长发育的第二高峰期，即青春发育期。这个时期学生身体迅速成长，骨胳肌肉发育很快，心血管系统、神经系统都有较大发展，神经兴奋过程占优势，反应快易激动，但心脏发育稍滞后于运动系统与神经系统的发育，运动持续能力差，易疲劳。尤其是性机能的迅速发展，体态上出现了新的变化，男女生差别更为明显。男生声音变粗，喉结突出、出现胡须、体型纵向发展；女生月经出现，声音变高，乳腺发育，皮下脂肪增多，身体开始横向发展。生理方面的这些突变，引起心理、行为也发生相应变化：第一，由于体内新陈代谢旺盛、精力充沛，充满朝气，活泼好动，喜爱体育运动及竞赛以表现自己。第二，由于身体发育不均衡，加之中枢神经系统调节能力差，所以动作笨拙、别扭、不灵活，而且容易头晕和疲劳，干事情往往虎头蛇尾有始无终。第三，由于性机能开始成熟，性意识觉醒，开始注意异性，产生好奇心，并且爱表现自己来吸引异性。第四，成人感产生并逐渐对身体形态产生意识，开始评价别人和进行自我评价。同时心理矛盾更为明显，如独立性与依赖性矛盾，自尊心与自卑感矛盾，反抗性与屈从性的矛盾，理想与挫折的矛盾，这些矛盾使他们表现出偏激或逆反心理，所以应以正面教育引导为主，不可打击其自尊挫伤其人格。4 游戏法教学是比较适合的方法游戏是一种遵循很简单的规则让人有很大自由活动余地的运动，可以随意支配动作的难易与数量，比如双人摇绳跳，只不允许踩死跳绳，而进出的方向、跳动的次数均不加限制；“网鱼”游戏规定在一定范围内运动，而跑直线还是折线、曲线，是急停急起还是跑跳结合均不加限制，只要跑动者不被围捕者逮住即可。游戏法特点之一是参加者全体在运动，这保证了练习的密度与强度；二是动作难度自己控制。比如“贴膏布”，速度快与追捕者离得远可以多绕几个圈，速度慢可就近处置；三是在练习中学习，不会作游戏的人，只要参加了一次练习，也就会作这个游戏了，学习效率比单纯的组织学生学要高很多。其基本过程是“练习一学习一练习”，实用性大，练习次数多，而不是学示范动作那样“学习一练习”；四是不同气候不同场地条件下均可作游戏，受外界的限制较小；五是游戏内容丰富形式多样，可以活跃气氛，提高练习效果；六是可简化教学内容提高学生兴趣。比如篮球投篮练习，将球篮降低到2．2至2．5米高度，学生易于投中，还可练习扣篮，既是游戏，又是教学内容，学生很愿意投入。体育课中使用游戏法，可以激起学生运动热情；但当学生很活泼时上体育课，又必须集中其注意力并稍抑制其激情，这时可用集中注意力游戏；素质练习很枯燥乏味，可用游戏法进行调节，如追逐跑练奔跑能力、听信号追逐跑练反应速度与动作速度，“跳深”与蛙跳的竞赛练跳跃能力，不同高度的橡皮筋可用来练障碍跑和跳高。结束部分用音乐伴奏跳迪斯科来放松肢体，或用听信号大声笑的游戏放松情绪。班级体育活动中亦可引入体育游戏，比如跳绳、登山、小群体的竞赛等均可协调学生关系，增强凝聚力。全校性的拔河比赛，球类比赛，擂台赛，可以促进学校学习气氛的转化，可以扭转后进生，使他们发现自己的优点和长处，提高学习兴趣；健美操、韵律操、体育舞蹈是女生们喜爱的内容，可以促进机体的发展，展示美好的姿势，培养自信心。业余运动队的选材和训练，也可以采用游戏的方法进行。训练是艰苦、枯燥的事情，如果手段不发生变化，极易造成学生伤痛发生和成绩下降，通过形式多样的游戏则既可提高身体素质和运动技术，又可以调节精神和情感，防止运动损伤。总之，实施素质教育应强调让每一个学生的每一个方面均有发展，具有个性特长，实施游戏法教学则能很好地吸引学生，使他们感到因为学校里有自己的游戏伙伴，有游戏场所和游戏组织者及参与者，在共同的活动中可以不断了解自己，评价自己，提高欣赏美、表现美、创造美的能力，能够在快乐中锻炼身体，培养良好的思想品德。所以，学校体育中应大力推广游戏法教学，尤其是义务教育中，在学生的世界观、人生观形成时期，在体质锻炼的黄金时期，用多种有效教学方法促进学生全面发展。参考文献1 体育学院通用教材．运动心理学．人民体育出版社，1996．42 雷志灶．中学体育教材教法．《湖南体育科学》编辑部编辑出版，1998．63 体育学院通用教材．学校体育学．高教出版社，1995．44 梁文忠，徐新启．素质教育必读，1997还有些其他的速度素质练习的方法、手段 试论排球发球技战术的变化及对策 浅析体育教学中的“启发式”教学模式 篮球运动员的篮板球意识及其培养 篮球运动员不良罚球心态及其矫正 跨栏步摆动腿动作的生物力学分析 竞赛中运动员的心理障碍与心理训练 初中体育教学改革之我见 体育教学中学生的兴趣激发之我见 体育节 我们的节日____关于我县高级中学举办“学生体育节”的构想及意义 企业赞助中学高水平运动队处探 关于我市居民体育生活现状的思考和研究 论200米跑运动员的生化特点和训练 在体育教学中如何培养学生的创新精神和实践能力 现代中小学体育特点分析 浅析体育教学中的“启发式”教学模式 在体育中渗透心理健康教育详细资料自己看吧

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Summary: I through the use of case studies, research and comparative literature, and other research methods, the current school sports injuries and problems in the state, school sports injuries of all kinds of disputes, school sports injuries attribution of liability issues and the social Analysis of research, and raised the relevant measures and a clear, rational analysis of school sports injuries to provide a theoretical foundation and legal analysis of the possible. Abstract】 With the people's living standards, the development of China's competitive sports, leisure sports increasingly on the agenda. China has the basic requirements for developing a number of conditions, but there are many in our country are still important issues. Therefore, this paper, the existing problems in China, the corresponding note, such as stepping up publicity efforts to increase financial input through various channels to raise funds to expand the project space, strengthening the building of the community, such as sports instructors.【Keywords】 leisure sports papers; sports population; attention; Sports Industry1 Introduction Leisure Sports is the basis of mass sports. Related to the development of leisure sports in our country to strengthen the nation's health, health improvement and quality of life improvement, leisure sports of civilization, science, an integral part of a healthy lifestyle. Urbanization, modernization and the nature of the separation, the pressure brought about by fierce competition, substantial material after the cold and unfamiliar people, people of leisure and the pursuit of leisure sports growing strong, all kinds of fitness, and entertainment, novelty, and even risk-taking of the continuing integration of leisure sports people's lives. increase in people's level of consumption, according to statistics, China's urban residents in 1997, the Engel coefficient of consumption has dropped to . In accordance with international standards, has been close to a well-off level, the fundamentals for life and enjoyment of the development of consumer-oriented. End of the 20th century, Shanghai, Beijing and other large and medium-sized cities in per capita GDP has reached 3000 . dollars, to reach or approach the level of moderately developed countries. China's various types of fitness to participate in regular sports entertainment has reached more than 300 million numbers. 1994 to 1998, the city sports a 115 percent growth in consumption. National Sports in 1998 the total amount of spending about 140 billion yuan, of which the urban population per capita spending in the sport for more than 1040 yuan. Leisure Sports group of people living in old age has become an important part of this century, the proportion of China's elderly population will account for the total population of 1 / 4. As a result of physical and psychological reasons, older age groups the material needs of members desire to inadequate performance, and mental and health requirements are becoming increasingly important to become a major pursuit. Physical exercise can improve the psychological conditions of the elderly to improve life and reduce the social pressure, live longer. The increasing leisure time, sport has led to increasing population 195 years from the beginning of the implementation of a weekend system, so that weekend with the Spring Festival, National Day, "51" and the statutory nature of festivals, so that most people in the holidays year reached about 110 days, which the development of recreational sports provide a good social environment. Sports in China's population was increasing year by year trend, according to statistics, in 1996 China's sports over the age of 16 the total population ratio was . If the number of students in school, the armed forces such as population census, as of course, including sports, the sports population will account for percent of the total population. Survey, the population of China's sports was significantly higher than the average level of developing countries. 2 leisure entertainment and sporting events in the development of gaps pairs of inadequate understanding of leisure sports leisure sports in our country although residents of the preliminary understanding, but not deep enough understanding. The implementation of government departments at all levels of competitive sports, "future-oriented development" strategy, than to ignore the development of leisure sports and input. Described in the mass media entertainment and sports events of the radio, television, newspapers, magazines, book publishing and distribution is also relatively small. The masses of the mass media in promoting awareness of recreational and sports activities is not enough. And through various channels and the mass media, the expansion of leisure sports propaganda, is to promote sports development in an effective way. sports a small population, to participate in two groups of heat, cold intermediate sports in South Korea in 1991, the population had reached 46 percent of the total population, Switzerland in 1992 reached 52%. At the same time, according to surveys, participation in recreational sports often people focus on the pupils and students and the elderly over the age of 61, the young and middle-aged members of lower class. The lack of venues and facilities in 1995, according to statistics, as of 1995, there were all kinds of sports venues 616,000, with a total area of 780,000,000 square meters, square meters per capita. Sports venues per capita in developed countries has been more than two square meters area, the United States per capita area of about 14 square meters stadium. Moreover, in addition to the absolute amount is lower than other countries, in absolute terms based on China's sports facilities open to the community as a whole accounted for only , and some open only , of sports venues not open to the public, most of the time is idle. This led to shortage of resources even more. At the same time, a lot of substandard quality venues. Address space, equipment, lighting, ventilation is unlikely a reasonable installation. These are greatly influenced the training of those who should be the desired effect. First of all, service lags behind the number of social sports instructors are seriously inadequate. At the initial stage of the leisure sports, in the absence of adequate social instructors match, no doubt in even worse. Many participants carried out the blind tendency of sports entertainment, in violation of human anatomy and physiological characteristics, it can not make good, scientific, entertainment exercise reasonable results, but also lead to a variety of recreational training diseases, damage to human health ; followed by the lack of medical supervision aspects. Of participants can not carry out regular physical examinations, physical fitness assessment, fitness for groups to participate in recreational exercise data to provide a reasonable basis, which also affected the enthusiasm of participants. 3 Conclusion step up publicity at all levels of government should step up publicity on leisure sports, and the use of television, radio, newspapers, books, blackboards and other media publicity, so that leisure sports into a good public opinion environment. At all levels of government departments, enterprises and institutions should be set up on health activities, to develop realistic training standards, standards of recognition and reward individuals. To guide the masses of the whole society to enhance awareness of participation in leisure sports, and actively carry out physical exercise. Should be used as a recreational sport to promote sports and cultural practices. to carry out leisure sports, it is necessary to comply with the level of economic development in the region and the actual needs of the people should make full use of existing sports facilities and technical personnel. Increased government investment in the multi-channel fund-raising at the same time to increase capital investment. To encourage and promote the economic benefits of good business-to-sport to help the masses, we must also spend money to advocate a national concept of health to encourage the people to carry out the necessary investment in health. to carry out leisure sports, should be combined with traditional sports tradition in contemporary leisure sports are still a strong vitality and huge market potential. At the same time, many aspects of the project to expand the space of leisure sports. With the development of society, improve people's living standards development projects, such as in recent years, such as self-drive tourism. to carry out leisure sports, the need for adequate professional and technical guidance to staff the formation of a strong organizational skills, proficient in sports business, sports guiding force of society in order to effectively organize and guide the masses to carry out scientific fitness activities. Social sports instructor training is an important task.