英语毕业论文中西方养老模式

Rural endowment patternsDaFangXian in guizhou province, A village in caseCoke sceneGuizhou national academy of social development institute, guizhou 550025At present, our country rural endowment problem more and more prominent, especially undeveloped regions of the rural old-age worrying, it will become the most important new rural social problem. Rural endowment for solving the problem correctly or not, will be related to social stability and economic development, the influence to the progress of harmonious society. Based on the analysis of the rural family pension mode in dilemma, and on the basis of deep excavation behind the social reason, finally to explore an effective pattern, promote the rural old-age rural endowment of harmonious endowment

隐喻的中西方文化差异Abstract: Metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a way of thinking, which is one of the basic methods for human survival and cognition. It is rooted in language, thought and culture. Through the analysis and comparison of the use and concept of metaphor in different countries, we find that its universality and commonality of the metaphor as a basic human cognitive activities. However, metaphor in different languages reflects a different way of thinking and behavior and different cultural patterns. Owing to the different two modes of thinking and culture, there are some differences in understanding and formation that can not be ignored. Therefore, this paper will discuss the questions : metaphor, cross-cultural differences, translation. 1. Preamble Metaphor is a common phenomenon, a large number of people use metaphor to express his feelings and ideas. British scientists rhetoric Richards (IARichards) once said, "We have day-to-day in almost every conversation in three sentences may be a metaphor." According to statistics, life around the use of 4,700,000 new metaphor, 2,140,000 stereotypes of metaphor. Research in recent years, there is a great metaphor. This article introduced in the definition of metaphor on the basis of summing up the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western metaphor, and that its culture, precisely because of the prevalence of metaphor, how to translate metaphor has become a very important issue in the latter part of the article is aimed at The translation of metaphor put forward a translation of the three strategies. This paper studies aimed at trying to comparative analysis of English and Chinese in a large number of day-to-day language of metaphor to express, find out the differences and similarities, in order to be able to accurately translate the article in good metaphor to explore a little. This article is about the metaphor from the point of view to explore the differences in the way Thinking allows us to a deeper understanding of language, culture, the relationship between thinking and can more clearly understand the different ethnic language, culture, way of thinking, and so on On the nature of translation. 2. Metaphors in Chinese and Western studies In 1980, Lakoff & Johnson (George Lakoff & Mark Johnson) made a "living metaphor" (Metaphors We Live By) of the book, a modern metaphor to open a new chapter in the school. Domestic academia on the "metaphor" This is also a review of the system, such as Lin Wu's book "Study abroad metaphor Looking at the" beam-setting "metaphor research," Li of China and India "The main subjects Metaphor" and so on. However, the Chinese metaphor for the academic study of rare. "Chinese scholars on the study of metaphor, I am afraid the real contribution should be through the metaphor of the Chinese characteristics of research and study, through the metaphor of the Chinese and other languages in the comparative study of metaphor, metaphor for the establishment of a more general theory of the strong, and even unique The basis. "Lin Wu in the book" metaphor of the basic research the status quo, and the focus of the trend "in the main text, put forward a model of cultural metaphors with the relationship:" The language of metaphor is the emergence of expression into the system, which not only reflects the psychological Structure, but also reflect the different cultural models also play a role. " metaphor in the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures relationship Correspond to (corresponding) refers to the relationship between the two languages, English and Chinese in the meaning and metaphor in the use of the same meaning in the culture and image, and so on and-one mapping. This is because the survival of mankind itself, as well as all the external conditions, including the geographical environment, climate change, and the whole of human society and cultural background are certain there is a common, which formed a common humanity of their own and the outside world on many issues. In the "angry" mood, the English are angry that physiological responses, such as: grind one's teeth. (Teeth), bare one's teeth. (Ziyaliezui) an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. (an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth), reflecting the Chinese culture on the basis of common experience. non-correspondence English-Chinese metaphor, after all, rooted in two different languages on the soil, resulting in very different cultural backgrounds, fully corresponds to the few metaphors, the vast majority do not have common cultural identity in order to form the corresponding non-(non-corresponding ) Relations. Non-relationship metaphor can be roughly divided into three categories: Vehicle counterpart, Yu Yi does not correspond to English and Chinese in some cases there is the same as a metaphor, but in their own language and culture in the meaning of the metaphor means is different, even different. Peacock in the Chinese culture is auspicious, a symbol of beauty, especially the Dai people to express jumped Pavaner desire to better their own. If the Chinese people will be likened to a peacock, it means that beautiful light. However, in English, peacock (Peacock) is a symbol of pride, often interpreted as arrogance, love to show off. For example, They were eager to take the young peacock down a peg. (They want to pressure a pressure that the arrogant young guy's momentum). counterpart Yu Yi, the vehicle does not correspond to English-Chinese two nations due to their differences, from different angles to look at things the same, it will be a different analogy. As a result both English and Chinese language there is a different vehicle, but Yu was referring to was basically the same as the meaning of the case, that is the same kind of non-correspondence. Such as: a person described as the hearts of anxious, restless, Chinese is "ants on the hot pan" and English is "a cat on the bricks". There are similar: To kick down the ladder. Guohechaiqiao. Yu Yu Yi and do not correspond to Some of the metaphors Yu-Yu has a meaning and it refers to the language and culture are closely related, in another culture often can not find corresponding Yu and Yu Yi, which resulted in a culture known as the default Phenomenon. For example: in English "my rib" I am referring to Yu's wife, it comes from the "Bible" story, that is, Adam (Adam)'s wife Eve (Eve) God is with a piece of Adam's rib made. The Chinese did not, "the Bible" cultural background, and there was no analogy with rib habit, so the formation of a corresponding gap. Similarly, "ugly duckling" (Ugly Duckling) refers to the metaphor will get ahead of Little, "early bird" refers to the diligent Yu, in the words into Chinese language, culture, as a result of the default, can not find a corresponding relationship between metaphor . Chinese and Western cultures in the common metaphor Metaphor and culture to a large extent, human beings have a common understanding, rooted in the people's own day-to-day experience. In this connection, often between different ethnic groups are the same. Both English and Chinese language in a lot of abstract thinking that the metaphorical expression is the same. For example: the human child in the period to form a position on the concept of input in that direction in the form of many of them easily understood, including the position expressed by metaphor, which has become a fixed pattern of thinking. For example: The term direction (up, down) to describe people's social status, physical, emotional, and other abstract concepts to the case when the good is up; Sad is down. We Chinese are also not difficult to find a similar sentence: "Gas Prices "," enhance the social status "and" vision "and" depressed. " Since the objective laws of nature with the relative unity of different cultures to understand the nature of the course is similar to the cognitive experience. in the metaphor of the difference between Chinese and Western cultures As the English-Chinese geographical and cultural differences, living in two different cultures in practice there are a lot of differences, and different life experiences and let people understand the objective world, a different language carries different nationalities Cultural characteristics and cultural information. Understanding of metaphor is not out of socio-cultural backgrounds. For example, social and cultural impact of the color words is deep-rooted, some color words in different cultures in an entirely different meaning, has a distinctive feature of our national culture. Such as: English, said in green "inexperienced" and "shallow knowledge", such as: "a green hand", "I was very green when I started working there." The Chinese like to express the meaning of the word is "yellow" Such as: "Huangmaoyatou" and "flower girl". Cultural background knowledge is the metaphor to create a rich source of thinking, as the Eastern and Western cultures are different, metaphors in English and Chinese applications there are also significant differences. The metaphor of the cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Western influence Language is a cultural change in the development of the complex, subject to political, economic, historical, environmental and other factors. Chinese and Western styles are different, but in many ways to infiltrate interaction and integration, language differences and cultural metaphor for the inevitable impact is complex and diverse. metaphorical expression of cultural conflict Different nationalities in the world to observe a different perspective and ideas, different cultures there are a lot of conflict or inconsistency metaphor. If the animal metaphors, in English Long (dragon) is a kind of evil, will belch out smoke monster. "Bible", the dragon is the devil, is a symbol of evil and terror, there is a terrible vicious meaning. The Chinese dragon is in power, the auspicious symbol of Chinese traditional culture, the Chinese have "Wangzichenglong", "descendants of the Dragon." The same analogy in different cultures, different meaning, of two cultures "Dragon" to give a different connotation. differences in living conditions caused by differences in metaphor In English is a lot of metaphor and marine-related, such as: all at sea (at a loss what to do); drink like a fish (drinking cow); fish in the air (Shuizhonglaoyue); give up the ship (give up). In Chinese, there are a lot of the horse or cattle pose a metaphor, such as: "a willing ox" (a willing horse) Gan means to serve the community; "old ox" (a working horse) refers to the hard work; "bragging "(Talk horse), and so on. This is due to different geographical location and natural environment caused by different cultural metaphor. Britain is an island, ultimately, dependent on the sea, and China is a large agricultural country, farming culture deeply feudal society. different religious and cultural differences arising from the metaphor Religious culture of human culture is an important part of it by referring to the nation's religious beliefs, such as the formation of the sense of culture, "the Bible" in the story, with its language and meaning has become a feature of daily life in the West in terms of . For example, power of the keys (the keys to the kingdom of heaven; the rights of the Pope), in the right church, but in the wrong pew (in general is right, but not the details), and so on. Chinese culture and Buddhism, Taoism and more affected by the impact of Confucianism, the Chinese, there are a lot of related argot. "Jiehuaxianfo"; "临时抱佛脚"; "做一天和尚撞一天钟" and so on. It is due to the diversity of culture, resulting in the differences between English and Chinese metaphor. This difference to the cross-cultural communication has brought the impact. As a foreign language students, do not understand the difference between metaphor and language will make mistakes, sometimes mistakenly made good as pleasant, caused by either one or both of the conversation unpleasant; also sometimes mocked as a praise. When a native language other operators do not understand the language contained in the cultural differences, it is often difficult for such language to accurately convey the meaning of the understanding, difficulty to the cross-cultural exchange. 3. Metaphor of the three methods of translation The translation of metaphor not only accurately and effectively convey the original language, but also loyal, accessible, complete reproduction of the original language and cultural connotation and significance. But in the West because of cultural differences and different, so the translation of metaphor in English on the need to consider not only its literal sense, and so on, but also in the West should pay attention to their cultural differences. American Eugene Nida said: "Translation is the exchange between the two cultures. The real success of the translation, even more familiar with the two cultures is more important to master two languages. Because only in terms of its role in the culture In the background will only be meaningful. "Therefore, the translation of metaphor to combining Chinese and Western cultures, and cultural backgrounds to leave the translation, can not be achieved between the two languages of the real exchange. Literal Translation The so-called "literal" is asked in the language when conditions permit, in the translation to maintain the original content, but also to maintain the original form, in particular, to maintain the original metaphor, the image of the nation, and other local color. In the literal translation method to maintain the original expression of the culture and at the same time, target enriched the vocabulary and expression, such as: "a Pandora's box" (Pandora's Box); "chain reaction" (chain reaction). In the original text and asked the information contained in the same culture, we should adopt the literal translation method. (1) You are my sunshine, my only sunshine. : You are my sun, my only sunshine. In Chinese and English, the sun is warm, beautiful, in both languages, they disseminate information on culture are the same. As a rule, and asked in the original text in the form of grammatical structure, similar to the style or color on basically the same, the law should adopt the literal translation. (1) He is another Shylock. : He is also a Shylock. (Note: Shakespeare's Shylock is "The Merchant of Venice" in a very harsh mean business People. ) (2) To carry coals to Newcastle. : Coal to Newcastle. (Note: "Newcastle" is a British coal, coal is superfluous here.) 4. Conclusion Metaphor as a way to figures of speech or skills, a unique feature of grammar, which features make the sentence more flexible and constructive, but the United States. Is a metaphor to express more complex ideas and things, a powerful tool. Wherever and whenever people in their daily lives are often used metaphor. As Mr. Lin Zhuang said: "The metaphor is no longer expanding his knowledge and understanding of a passive process. To help us in the form of new knowledge, the metaphor has played an active role so that we can better a better understanding of the objective world." In English and Chinese Metaphorical significance of the difference is due to cultural differences between East and West, that mode of thinking, moral values and sense of difference. However, different cultural impact of what is the concept of metaphor, it is still a need to examine and address the problem. At the same time, in the metaphor of the process of translation must pay special attention to cultural differences. The best translation is to be able to accurately reflect the true meaning of the author, as well as its cultural and stylistic characteristics of the translation, that is, the translation of metaphor to make as much as possible the original language and to achieve the target language culture, and so on.

由于地域、信仰、风俗习惯的不同，国内外的养老模式存在着很大的差异。目前国内外都存在着很多新型的养老模式，例如国外的“时间银行”和国内的“居家式社区养老”。

一、国外养老模式

（一）CCRC养老社区模式

在CCRC模式下，根据老人不同的状况提供不同的服务类型，提供自理、介护、介助一体化的居住设施和服务。这种新型的养老模式可以使老人在社区中拥有更好的生活条件和生活质量。

（二）家庭养老

以新加坡和日本为代表的家庭养老模式是一种法律要求孩子必须赡养父母或者长子继承家产的方式。这一模式是将“在家养老”和“子女养老”结合起来，老人必须由家人赡养，同时当地政府也会根据这一情况推出特定的政策对承担赡养老人的责任的家庭给予一定的资金和护理人员支持。中国“养儿防老”的传统思想也是在这一养老模式中产生的。

（三）跨国养老

以瑞典、挪威、芬兰、丹麦和冰岛的北欧国家为代表的跨国养老模式是指一些身体健康或者状况欠佳但仍可以远行的老人，到环境更为优美、气候更加适宜健康的地区的养老院或者疗养院进行生活、疗养的一种异地养老模式。

（四）时间银行

以瑞士为代表的时间银行养老模式指的是身体状况良好的自理型老人，去照顾无法自理的，需要帮助的老人。负责该养老模式的一些责任机构会将老人的服务时间统计出来，老人的服务时间将会被存入到其社保系统的个人账户，并且给老人颁发一张“时间银行卡”，当自己需要他人照顾时，可直接将卡取出使用。如果出现老人无法使用自己存储的“服务时间”的情况，“时间银行”便把义务服务的时间折合成一定的金钱或物质奖励，返还给老人。

（五）代际学习中心

美国西雅图有一个组织正在执行代际学习中心的计划，该计划指的是养老院和幼儿园合作，养老院每星期有固定的幼儿园开放日，开放日的时候幼儿园会组织孩子到养老院与老人们一起参加活动。这样一来既能让老人在和幼儿交流互动中感受到快乐和活力，同时也能让幼儿园的孩子们学习到很多课外知识。

二、国内养老模式

（一）居家养老

这种养老模式和前文提到的以新加坡和日本为代表的家庭养老类似，都指的是由儿女承担赡养照顾父母的义务，让老人在家里而不是养老机构中安享晚年。受传统思想的影响，很多老人对养老院或者护理院存在偏见和抗拒心理，他们不愿离开熟悉的生活环境，希望能够与儿女一同生活，这样的老人大多会选择居家养老的方式。

（二）居家式社区养老

这一养老模式巧妙地将家庭居住和社区上门化服务结合起来。老人既不用离开熟悉的家庭环境到养老院居住，又可以在儿女无法照顾老人的时候得到社区人员的照顾和陪伴。这一模式弥补了家庭养老的不足，又让社会资源得到了充足的利用。

（三）以房养老

很多有房产但无子女的老人，会选择将自己的房产抵押出去，以等量的金额换取养老机构的服务，这种模式称为以房养老模式。可这种模式在2014年开始试点后，效果并不理想，很多老人认为，这种养老模式是一种“”。在“养儿防老”这样传统的养老观念影响下，很多老人始终无法接受“以房养老”。

（四）乡村养老

相比于大城市的喧嚣，乡村空气更加新鲜，生态环境更加优越，生活成本又低，很多退休人员会选择离开城市，到乡村养老。有一些老人家乡就在农村，本着落叶归根的思想，退休后选择回到乡村；还有一些老人是喜欢贴近大自然，希望能过上养花养草、爬山戏水的生活，所以选择到乡村养老。

国内外的养老模式存在很大的不同，国内老人更偏爱能够在家和儿女共同居住的养老模式，而国外的养老模式多种多样，有一些更加人性化的地方值得我们借鉴。

目前在我国普遍存在三种养老方式 ：居家养老 ，社区养老，机构养老方式。

居家养老居家养老(服务)，是指以家庭为核心、以社区为依托、以专业化服务为依靠，为居住在家的老年人提供以解决日常生活困难为主要内容的社会化服务。服务内容包括生活照料与医疗服务以及精神关爱服务。主要形式有两种:由经过专业培训的服务人员上门为老年人开展照料服务;在社区创办老年人日间服务中心，为老年人提供日托服务。服务一般是三无老人。2016 年我国老龄人口突破亿大关，老龄人口比例超过老龄化标准，我国已进入老龄社会。随着老年人口的不断增多，各地开始对养老福利模式进行积极的探索,居家养老服务应运而生。居家养老在大连较早普遍流行，而在南方大部分地区，尤其是珠三角大城市也都大规模的实现无组织非专业化的居家养老尝试，都是被动的，没有定调。居家养老最大的特点是解决了社会养老机构不足的困难，将大龄下岗女职工和缺乏生活照顾、需要居家看护的孤老这两个困难群体的需要相结合，调动社会和企业的力量出资建立家庭养老院，成为老人、养护员、政府和多方受益的良好模式。

社区养老社区养老基本上可以理解为中国创新的一种养老模式，这种模式依赖于房地产产业的高度发展的基础之上。是指以家庭为核心，以社区为依托，以老年人日间照料、生活护理、家政服务和精神慰藉为主要内容，以上门服务和社区日托为主要形式，并引入养老机构专业化服务方式的居家养老服务体系。主要内容是举办养老、敬老、托老福利机构;设立老人购物中心和服务中心;开设老人餐桌和老人食堂;建立老年医疗保健机构;建立老年活动中心;设立老年婚介所;开办老年学校;设立老年人才市场;开展老人法律援助、庇护服务等。

机构养老是一种公益性的非营利性养老模式。养老机构是社会养老专有名词，是指为老年人提供饮食起居、清洁卫生、生活护理、健康管理和文体娱乐活动等综合性服务的机构。它可以是独立的法人机构，也可以是附属于医疗机构、企事业单位、社会团体或组织、综合性社会福利机构的一-个部门或者分支机构。公益即“ 公众利益"之意。公益性事业是指直接或间接地为社会公共经济活动、社会活动和居民生活服务的部门、企业及其设施。公益性企业是指直接涉及社会公共利益领域服务的企业。我国绝大多数养老机构是以帮扶、救助城市“三无”、日常生活疏于照料,以及农村“五保"老人为主，且多不以赢利为主要目的，所以其公益性特征尤为明显。

西方发达国家的养老模式与我国养老事业发展时间短、基础薄弱所不同的是，西方发达国家早在很多年前就已经开始了对于养老问题的研究，并且到目前为止已经取得了十分丰硕的成果:①英国，世界上最早进入“银发”时代的国家之一，其实行的“福.利国家+社区照料”养老服务模式到目前为止已经取得了显著的成果。最初英国的养老模式为“完全托管式”机构养老，即由政府出资建立专业的养老机构并雇用大量的看护人员来照料那些生活困难、经过政府批准后人住养老机构的老年人，但由于老年人口数量的激增及巨大的财政压力，英国政府不得不在20世纪50年代开始进行变革，在全国范围内寻找、尝试新型适老化社区养老服务。由政府组织建立健全社区养老基础设施，鼓励民众选择社区养老，国家福利政策向老年人倾斜以保证老年人群体对于社区养老模式的信任与支持。同时政府鼓励社会力量参与到养老服务中，推进养老事业向市场化、产业化发展，并颁布了《照顾白皮书》和《国家健康服务和社区法令》来规范社区养老服务模式的落实，时至现在，该模式取得了不俗的成效。②提到对于养老模式的探索，不得不说说美国这个创新大国了，其所创建的PACE模式解决了针对体弱多病老人长期照料的问题，是“医疗照顾+社区服务”型养老模式的典型创建。其中整合医疗保险与医疗救助、多学科专家团队综合个案管理、洲政府与PAEC项目相互为对方负责的运行管理机制都是十分有效且新颖的创举，这对于我国养老事业在医养结合方面的探索具有十分有益的影响。③新加坡，亚洲社会中的佼佼者，不但经济发展卓越，其在养老方面的建树也首屈一指。“中央公积金+社会参与”的养老模式，以强制性养老储蓄为依托建立起中央公积金，实行社会中产阶级的养老金由个人和政府力量共同承担解决的方法，此举在大量减轻财政负担的同时也有利于形成“工作一投资一收益” 的良性循环，其最新举措“终身人息计划”符合加速老龄化和老年人口平均寿命延长的世界趋势，是科学、优质的养老保障制度。

关于为什么不同：中西养老模式不同的原因  养老作为一种社会问题，造成其模式不同的成因是多方面的。文化渊源  中国家庭式养老是孝文化的体现。何谓“孝”，《尔雅》中有“善事父母曰孝”这样的注释。孔子思想的核心是“仁”，而“孝”又是“仁”的核心。从汉代开始，儒家思想就被立为了治理国家的根本思想，因此孝的观念也成了人们的共识。并随着社会历史的发展逐渐从家庭伦理走向了国家伦理，从个体道德走向社会规范，最终形成了以养亲为核心的具有民族特色的孝道。

西方文学艺术的源头是《圣经》，道德规范的许多规定也是源于此，作为道德规范之一的孝文化也是如此。但是《圣经》中只强调人们要爱自己的父母，听父母的话，并没有提出子女要赡养父母。而且在基督教文明影响的影响下，人们强调彼此独立，个人奋斗，把独立和尊严看的很重，很难接受自己年老后，从独立性的存在转变成依附性的存在，失去尊严和自由。经济基础中国是农业大国，农业生产离不开生产经验的积累。而老人多拥有者丰富的农业生产的技能，是家庭经济生活的组织者和管理者，是整个家庭生存和发展需要的对象。因此在中国古代，就算孩子成年结婚之后也是会选择跟自己的父母住在一起。政治体制和法律的规定  中国传统的养老模式一直是以家庭养老为主体，为了确保养老制度的落实国家除了在制度和法律上作了相应的规定。比如夏朝，不孝老人判重罪。除了法律上的处罚外，还建立了制度上的激励。历代政府为支持家庭养老，实行了“侍丁”与“权留养亲”两项制度。此外，中国古代还有一项非常特殊的延缓刑法的措施即“权留养亲”。这项制度成于北魏，后各代沿袭。在中国的家庭养老模式与其政治是一体的。这些都是家庭养老模式得以形成的制度基础。在古代，西方是以城邦作为政治实体，以它作为实现民主政治的基本条件。它是对公民个人权利的确认，是公民社会最高形式合同的平等地位。像欧美等发达国家没有关于子女赡养父母的规定。政府为了社会的稳定与和谐就必须要承担了。 从跨文化的角度看中西养老观念 根植于不同文化背景下的中西养老观念存在着差异。这在当今文化不断交流与融合和情况下，必然会产生一些误解和冲突。

中国老人的养老方式主要依靠子女赡养

而西方老人的养老方式多是独居或进入养老院

之所以中西养老方式差异如此巨大，是因为中西文化的差异

中西方文化的差异表现在家庭结构、对孩子教育方式等不同方面。

加拿大专业社会工作者左光渲认为，无论中西方家庭，天下父母对孩子的关爱是同样的。望子成龙，望女成凤是所有父母的愿望。由于文化背景的不同，中西方家庭的亲子关系存在一定差异，包括与孩子的相处、对孩子的期望、教育理念及方式等都有所不同。 认为各有各的优势，各有各的不足，若能互相取长补短，相信下一代生活会更幸福！

在中国社会中，看重的是保护家庭的团结稳定，稳定的家庭往大了可以说是稳定的国家的基础，国家是一个大家庭，和谐的家庭可以使得国家强大繁荣。

而西方文明由于地理、政治、社会等因素，相对于东方来说更加多元化，因此西方家庭多是以夫妻为中心的小家庭，孩子在成年后会搬出去独立生活，父母和孩子在经济上也是各自独立。许多美国孩子的学费是来自学生贷款而非家庭支持，大部分美国人在工作很多年后还在偿还大学时期的 student loano

老其实是个很模糊的界定。一位头发花白，但穿着打扮却十分时髦也自认自己还年轻的女士，称呼其为“老婆婆”是否会有一些失礼了呢？

相比美国，中国往往对“老”有着各种各样的定义，老年人在中国社会可以享受更多优待，中国社会是一个更加尊老的社会。年长的人在一个大家庭中有领导地位，是后代学习的榜样，影响甚至决定着后代人的生活、工作和婚姻。

而西方则相反，非常讨厌被视为“老”，即使牙齿弱化了也要和小孩子一样在下着大雪的日子里吃冰淇淋，不希望自己因为“老”而被优待。对于西方社会来说，比起老年人的“经验”，他们更希望拥有年轻人的“创新”。这种思想就使得西方社会成为一个以“爱幼”为先的社会。西方国家大多作为一个发达国家，生活节奏较快，充满生机和活力的孩子有无限大的潜力，更能为他们的未来做出贡献，所以他们尊重孩子的看法和选择，这也为他们的亲子关系打下了“平等”的基础。

“中西的文化差异”只是短短的七字，而这里面却实实在在的大有文章。不仅仅是亲子关系，还有很多生活的方方面面。

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